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Li JL, Li H, Zhao JJ, Yang P, Xiang X, Wei SY, Wang T, Shi YJ, Huang J, He F. Genome-wide identification and characterization of the RZFP gene family and analysis of its expression pattern under stress in Populus trichocarpa. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128108. [PMID: 37979769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Forest trees face many abiotic stressors during their lifetime, including drought, heavy metals, high salinity, and chills, affecting their quality and yield. The RING-type ubiquitin ligase E3 is an invaluable component of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and participates in plant growth and environmental interactions. Interestingly, only a few studies have explored the RING ZINC FINGER PROTEIN (RZFP) gene family. This study identified eight PtrRZFPs genes in the Populus genome, and their molecular features were analyzed. Gene structure analysis revealed that all PtrRZFPs genes contained >10 introns. Evolutionarily, the RZFPs were separated into four categories, and segmental replication events facilitated their amplification. Notably, many stress-related elements have been identified in the promoters of PtrRZFPs using Cis-acting element analysis. Moreover, some PtrRZFPs were significantly induced by drought and sorbitol, revealing their potential roles in regulating stress responses. Particularly, overexpression of the PtrRZFP1 gene in poplars conferred excellent drought tolerance; however, PtrRZFP1 knockdown plants were drought-sensitive. We identified the potential upstream transcription factors of PtrRZFPs and revealed the possible biological functions of RZFP1/4/7 in resisting osmotic and salt stress, laying the foundation for subsequent biological function studies and providing genetic resources for genetic engineering breeding for drought resistance in forest trees. This study offers crucial information for the further exploration of the functions of RZFPs in poplars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Lin Li
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hao Li
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiu-Jiu Zhao
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Peng Yang
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiang Xiang
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shu-Ying Wei
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ting Wang
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yu-Jie Shi
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jinliang Huang
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Fang He
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Šuchová K, Fehér C, Ravn JL, Bedő S, Biely P, Geijer C. Cellulose- and xylan-degrading yeasts: Enzymes, applications and biotechnological potential. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 59:107981. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Procópio DP, Kendrick E, Goldbeck R, Damasio ARDL, Franco TT, Leak DJ, Jin YS, Basso TO. Xylo-Oligosaccharide Utilization by Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Produce Ethanol. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:825981. [PMID: 35242749 PMCID: PMC8886126 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.825981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The engineering of xylo-oligosaccharide-consuming Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains is a promising approach for more effective utilization of lignocellulosic biomass and the development of economic industrial fermentation processes. Extending the sugar consumption range without catabolite repression by including the metabolism of oligomers instead of only monomers would significantly improve second-generation ethanol production This review focuses on different aspects of the action mechanisms of xylan-degrading enzymes from bacteria and fungi, and their insertion in S. cerevisiae strains to obtain microbial cell factories able of consume these complex sugars and convert them to ethanol. Emphasis is given to different strategies for ethanol production from both extracellular and intracellular xylo-oligosaccharide utilization by S. cerevisiae strains. The suitability of S. cerevisiae for ethanol production combined with its genetic tractability indicates that it can play an important role in xylan bioconversion through the heterologous expression of xylanases from other microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dielle Pierotti Procópio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emanuele Kendrick
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Rosana Goldbeck
- School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Telma Teixeira Franco
- Interdisciplinary Center of Energy Planning, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - David J. Leak
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Yong-Su Jin
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Thiago Olitta Basso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kang SY, Pokhrel A, Bratsch S, Benson JJ, Seo SO, Quin MB, Aksan A, Schmidt-Dannert C. Engineering Bacillus subtilis for the formation of a durable living biocomposite material. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7133. [PMID: 34880257 PMCID: PMC8654922 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineered living materials (ELMs) are a fast-growing area of research that combine approaches in synthetic biology and material science. Here, we engineer B. subtilis to become a living component of a silica material composed of self-assembling protein scaffolds for functionalization and cross-linking of cells. B. subtilis is engineered to display SpyTags on polar flagella for cell attachment to SpyCatcher modified secreted scaffolds. We engineer endospore limited B. subtilis cells to become a structural component of the material with spores for long-term storage of genetic programming. Silica biomineralization peptides are screened and scaffolds designed for silica polymerization to fabricate biocomposite materials with enhanced mechanical properties. We show that the resulting ELM can be regenerated from a piece of cell containing silica material and that new functions can be incorporated by co-cultivation of engineered B. subtilis strains. We believe that this work will serve as a framework for the future design of resilient ELMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Kang
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA ,grid.17635.360000000419368657BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - Anaya Pokhrel
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA ,grid.17635.360000000419368657BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - Sara Bratsch
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA ,grid.17635.360000000419368657BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - Joey J. Benson
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Seung-Oh Seo
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA ,grid.17635.360000000419368657BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - Maureen B. Quin
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA ,grid.17635.360000000419368657BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - Alptekin Aksan
- grid.17635.360000000419368657BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108 USA ,grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Claudia Schmidt-Dannert
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. .,BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
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Ali SS, Wu J, Xie R, Zhou F, Sun J, Huang M. Screening and characterizing of xylanolytic and xylose-fermenting yeasts isolated from the wood-feeding termite, Reticulitermes chinensis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181141. [PMID: 28704553 PMCID: PMC5509302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective fermentation of xylose remains an intractable challenge in bioethanol industry. The relevant xylanase enzyme is also in a high demand from industry for several biotechnological applications that inevitably in recent times led to many efforts for screening some novel microorganisms for better xylanase production and fermentation performance. Recently, it seems that wood-feeding termites can truly be considered as highly efficient natural bioreactors. The highly specialized gut systems of such insects are not yet fully realized, particularly, in xylose fermentation and xylanase production to advance industrial bioethanol technology as well as industrial applications of xylanases. A total of 92 strains from 18 yeast species were successfully isolated and identified from the gut of wood-feeding termite, Reticulitermes chinensis. Of these yeasts and strains, seven were identified for new species: Candida gotoi, Candida pseudorhagii, Hamamotoa lignophila, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Sugiyamaella sp.1, Sugiyamaella sp. 2, and Sugiyamaella sp.3. Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic characterization, the type strain of C. pseudorhagii sp. nov., which was originally designated strain SSA-1542T, was the most frequently occurred yeast from termite gut samples, showed the highly xylanolytic activity as well as D-xylose fermentation. The highest xylanase activity was recorded as 1.73 and 0.98 U/mL with xylan or D-xylose substrate, respectively, from SSA-1542T. Among xylanase-producing yeasts, four novel species were identified as D-xylose-fermenting yeasts, where the yeast, C. pseudorhagii SSA-1542T, showed the highest ethanol yield (0.31 g/g), ethanol productivity (0.31 g/L·h), and its fermentation efficiency (60.7%) in 48 h. Clearly, the symbiotic yeasts isolated from termite guts have demonstrated a competitive capability to produce xylanase and ferment xylose, suggesting that the wood-feeding termite gut is a promising reservoir for novel xylanases-producing and xylose-fermenting yeasts that are potentially valued for biorefinery industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Samir Ali
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Jian Wu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Rongrong Xie
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Miao Huang
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Hasunuma T, Kondo A. Development of yeast cell factories for consolidated bioprocessing of lignocellulose to bioethanol through cell surface engineering. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 30:1207-18. [PMID: 22085593 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
To build an energy and material secure future, a next generation of renewable fuels produced from lignocellulosic biomass is required. Although lignocellulosic biomass, which represents an abundant, inexpensive and renewable source for bioethanol production, is of great interest as a feedstock, the complicated ethanol production processes involved make the cost of producing bioethanol from it higher compared to corn starch and cane juice. Therefore, consolidated bioprocessing (CBP), which combines enzyme production, saccharification and fermentation in a single step, has gained increased recognition as a potential bioethanol production system. CBP requires a highly engineered microorganism developed for several different process-specific characteristics. The dominant strategy for engineering a CBP biocatalyst is to express multiple components of a cellulolytic system from either fungi or bacteria in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The development of recombinant yeast strains displaying cellulases and hemicellulases on the cell surface represents significant progress toward realization of CBP. Regardless of the process used for biomass hydrolysis, CBP-enabling microorganisms encounter a variety of toxic compounds produced during biomass pretreatment that inhibit microbial growth and ethanol yield. Systems biology approaches including disruptome screening, transcriptomics, and metabolomics have been recently exploited to gain insight into the molecular and genetic traits involved in tolerance and adaptation to the fermentation inhibitors. In this review, we focus on recent advances in development of yeast strains with both the ability to directly convert lignocellulosic material to ethanol and tolerance in the harsh environments containing toxic compounds in the presence of ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Hasunuma
- Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Li G, Yang S, Li M, Qiao Y, Wang J. Functional analysis of an Aspergillus ficuum phytase gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its root-specific, secretory expression in transgenic soybean plants. Biotechnol Lett 2009; 31:1297-303. [PMID: 19357813 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-009-9992-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Revised: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Phytases release inorganic phosphates from phytate in soil. A gene encoding phytase (AfPhyA) was isolated from Aspergillus ficuum and its ability to degrade phytase and release phosphate was demonstrated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A promoter from the Arabidopsis Pky10 gene and the carrot extensin signal peptide were used to drive the root-specific and secretory expression of the AfPhyA gene in soybean plants. The phytase activity and inorganic phosphate levels in transgenic soybean root secretions were 4.7 U/mg protein and 439 microM, respectively, compared to 0.8 U/mg protein and 120 microM, respectively, in control soybeans. Our results demonstrated the potential usefulness of the root-specific promoter for the exudation of recombinant phytases and offered a new perspective on the mobilization of phytate in soil to inorganic phosphates for plant uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilan Li
- Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Changli, 066600, People's Republic of China
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Zhang GM, Hu Y, Zhuang YH, Ma LX, Zhang XE. Molecular cloning and heterologous expression of an alkaline xylanase fromBacillus pumilusHBP8 inPichia pastoris. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420600768771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Molecular cloning of fungal xylanases: an overview. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 84:19-35. [PMID: 19568746 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2079-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2008] [Revised: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Xylanases have received great attention in the development of environment-friendly technologies in the paper and pulp industry. Their use could greatly improve the overall lignocellulosic materials for the generation of liquid fuels and chemicals. Fungi are widely used as xylanase producers and are generally considered as more potent producers of xylanases than bacteria and yeasts. Large-scale production of xylanases is facilitated with the advent of genetic engineering. Recent breakthroughs in genomics have helped to overcome the problems such as limited enzyme availability, substrate scope, and operational stability. Genes encoding xylanases have been cloned in homologous and heterologous hosts with the objectives of overproducing the enzyme and altering its properties to suit commercial applications. Owing to the industrial importance of xylanases, a significant number of studies are reported on cloning and expression of the enzymes during the last few years. We, therefore, have reviewed recent knowledge regarding cloning of fungal xylanase genes into various hosts for heterologous production. This will bring an insight into the current status of cloning and expression of the fungal xylanases for industrial applications.
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Bioproducts from Aureobasidium pullulans, a biotechnologically important yeast. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 82:793-804. [PMID: 19198830 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-1882-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Revised: 01/18/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
It has been well documented that Aureobasidium pullulans is widely distributed in different environments. Different strains of A. pullulans can produce amylase, proteinase, lipase, cellulase, xylanase, mannanase, transferases, pullulan, siderophore, and single-cell protein, and the genes encoding proteinase, lipase, cellulase, xylanase, and siderophore have been cloned and characterized. Therefore, like Aspergillus spp., it is a biotechnologically important yeast that can be used in different fields. So it is very important to sequence the whole genomic DNA of the yeast cells in order to find new more bioproducts and novel genes from this yeast.
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A Method for Construction, Cloning and Expression of Intron-Less Gene from Unannotated Genomic DNA. Mol Biotechnol 2008; 40:217-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-008-9076-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2008] [Accepted: 05/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Characterization of a family 54 α-l-arabinofuranosidase from Aureobasidium pullulans. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 77:975-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-1235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2007] [Revised: 09/12/2007] [Accepted: 09/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Li X, Millson SH, Coker RD, Evans IH. Cloning and expression of Penicillium minioluteum dextranase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its exploitation as a reporter in the detection of mycotoxins. Biotechnol Lett 2006; 28:1955-64. [PMID: 16988781 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-006-9183-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2006] [Revised: 08/03/2006] [Accepted: 08/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A dextranase gene from Penicillium minioluteum (strain IMI068219) has been cloned, sequenced and expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae via fusion of the DNA segment encoding the mature dextranase protein with alpha-factor signal sequence, and insertion into the GAL1-controlled expression vector pYES2/CT. Galactose-induced expression yielded extracellular dextranase activity of 0.63 units/ml and cell-associated dextranase activity of 0.48 units/ml, after 24 h incubation. The dextranase construct was introduced into a strain of S. cerevisiae expressing the human cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and the cognate reductase, which was then used to develop a microplate toxicity bioassay. Toxicity was signalled as inhibition of dextranase activity, assayed fluorimetrically. This novel bioassay was assessed using six economically significant mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmin Li
- School of Science, University of Greenwich at Medway, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK
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Boonyapakron K, Pootanakit K, Chantasingh D, Kirtikara K, Eurwilaichitr L. Cloning and expression of xylanase 10 from Cryptovalsa mangrovei (BCC7197) in Pichia pastoris. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 16:372-8. [PMID: 16329166 DOI: 10.1080/10425170500186629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Xylanases are one of the industrially valuable enzymes. Using RT-PCR and 5'- and 3'-RACE procedures, we have cloned a full-length xylanase encoding gene from a filamentous fungus, Cryptovalsa mangrovei (BCC7197) from Phuket, Thailand. The results showed that BCC7197 xylanase cDNA has an open reading frame of 978 bp encoding 325 amino acid residues. Further sequence analysis revealed that this xylanase gene is belonged to the glycosyl hydrolase family 10 and has approximately 50-60% amino acid sequence similarity to other fungal xylanases. Furthermore, expression of BCC7197 xylanase in the Pichia pastoris was also performed. The results demonstrated that the active BCC7197 xylanase protein was successfully produced and secreted from P. pastoris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katewadee Boonyapakron
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Tanaka H, Muguruma M, Ohta K. Purification and properties of a family-10 xylanase from Aureobasidium pullulans ATCC 20524 and characterization of the encoding gene. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 70:202-11. [PMID: 15988573 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-0045-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2005] [Revised: 05/02/2005] [Accepted: 05/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An extracellular endo-1,4-beta-xylanase was purified from the culture supernatant of the ascomycete Aureobasidium pullulans ATCC 20524 grown on xylan. The purified enzyme was homogeneous as judged by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing, which showed an apparent M (r) of 39 kDa and a pI of 8.9, respectively. Xylanase activity was optimal at pH 6.0 and 70 degrees C. The genomic DNA and cDNAs encoding this protein were cloned and sequenced. The xylanase gene (xynII) encoded a 26 amino acid signal peptide and a 335 amino acid mature protein. DNA regions encoding the signal sequence and the mature protein were interrupted by introns of 56 and 73 bp, respectively. The xynII 5'-noncoding region had two consensus binding sites (5'-GCCARG-3') for the transcription factor PacC mediating pH regulation. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the transcription levels at pH 6.0 and 8.0 were 8-fold and 22-fold higher than that at pH 2.7, respectively. A cloned xynII cDNA was expressed and secreted in the yeast Pichia pastoris. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis suggested that the XynII belongs to glycosyl hydrolase family 10 and that it is evolutionarily distant from two clusters formed by other family-10 xylanases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Tanaka
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Japan
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Ramchuran SO, Mateus B, Holst O, Karlsson EN. The methylotrophic yeast as a host for the expression and production of thermostable xylanase from the bacterium. FEMS Yeast Res 2005; 5:839-50. [PMID: 15925312 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsyr.2004.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2004] [Revised: 12/19/2004] [Accepted: 12/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A thermostable glycoside hydrolase family-10 xylanase originating from Rhodothermus marinus was cloned and expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris (SMD1168H). The DNA sequence from Rmxyn10A encoding the xylanase catalytic module was PCR-amplified and cloned in frame with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-factor secretion signal under the control of the alcohol oxidase (AOX1) promotor. Optimisation of enzyme production in batch fermentors, with methanol as a sole carbon source, enabled secretion yields up to 3gl(-1) xylanase with a maximum activity of 3130Ul(-1) to be achieved. N-terminal sequence analysis of the heterologous xylanase indicated that the secretion signal was correctly processed in P. pastoris and the molecular weight of 37kDa was in agreement with the theoretically calculated molecular mass. Introduction of a heat-pretreatment step was however necessary in order to fold the heterologous xylanase to an active state, and at the conditions used this step yielded a 200-fold increase in xylanase activity. Thermostability of the produced xylanase was monitored by differential-scanning calorimetry, and the transition temperature (T(m)) was 78 degrees C. R. marinus xylanase is the first reported thermostable gram-negative bacterial xylanase efficiently secreted by P. pastoris.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Calorimetry, Differential Scanning
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases/biosynthesis
- Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases/genetics
- Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases/metabolism
- Fermentation
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Molecular Weight
- Pichia/enzymology
- Pichia/genetics
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Folding
- Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Rhodothermus/enzymology
- Rhodothermus/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, Protein
- Transformation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh O Ramchuran
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Sweden.
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17
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Katahira S, Fujita Y, Mizuike A, Fukuda H, Kondo A. Construction of a xylan-fermenting yeast strain through codisplay of xylanolytic enzymes on the surface of xylose-utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 70:5407-14. [PMID: 15345427 PMCID: PMC520881 DOI: 10.1128/aem.70.9.5407-5414.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemicellulose is one of the major forms of biomass in lignocellulose, and its essential component is xylan. We used a cell surface engineering system based on alpha-agglutinin to construct a Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain codisplaying two types of xylan-degrading enzymes, namely, xylanase II (XYNII) from Trichoderma reesei QM9414 and beta-xylosidase (XylA) from Aspergillus oryzae NiaD300, on the cell surface. In a high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, xylose was detected as the main product of the yeast strain codisplaying XYNII and XylA, while xylobiose and xylotriose were detected as the main products of a yeast strain displaying XYNII on the cell surface. These results indicate that xylan is sequentially hydrolyzed to xylose by the codisplayed XYNII and XylA. In a further step toward achieving the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of xylan, a xylan-utilizing S. cerevisiae strain was constructed by codisplaying XYNII and XylA and introducing genes for xylose utilization, namely, those encoding xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase from Pichia stipitis and xylulokinase from S. cerevisiae. After 62 h of fermentation, 7.1 g of ethanol per liter was directly produced from birchwood xylan, and the yield in terms of grams of ethanol per gram of carbohydrate consumed was 0.30 g/g. These results demonstrate that the direct conversion of xylan to ethanol is accomplished by the xylan-utilizing S. cerevisiae strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Katahira
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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18
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Damaso MCT, Almeida MS, Kurtenbach E, Martins OB, Pereira N, Andrade CMMC, Albano RM. Optimized expression of a thermostable xylanase from Thermomyces lanuginosus in Pichia pastoris. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 69:6064-72. [PMID: 14532063 PMCID: PMC201252 DOI: 10.1128/aem.69.10.6064-6072.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly efficient production of a Thermomyces lanuginosus IOC-4145 beta-1,4-xylanase was achieved in Pichia pastoris under the control of the AOX1 promoter. P. pastoris colonies expressing recombinant xylanase were selected by enzymatic activity plate assay, and their ability to secrete high levels of the enzyme was evaluated in small-scale cultures. Furthermore, an optimization of enzyme production was carried out with a 2(3) factorial design. The influence of initial cell density, methanol, and yeast nitrogen base concentration was evaluated, and initial cell density was found to be the most important parameter. A time course profile of recombinant xylanase production in 1-liter flasks with the optimized conditions was performed and 148 mg of xylanase per liter was achieved. Native and recombinant xylanases were purified by gel filtration and characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, circular dichroism spectroscopy, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry and physicochemical behavior. Three recombinant protein species of 21.9, 22.1, and 22.3 kDa were detected in the mass spectrum due to variability in the amino terminus. The optimum temperature, thermostability, and circular dichroic spectra of the recombinant and native xylanases were identical. For both enzymes, the optimum temperature was 75 degrees C, and they retained 60% of their original activity after 80 min at 70 degrees C or 40 min at 80 degrees C. The high level of fully active recombinant xylanase obtained in P. pastoris makes this expression system attractive for fermentor growth and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica C Triches Damaso
- Departamento de Engenharia Bioquímica, Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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19
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Li XL, Ljungdahl LG, Ximenes EA, Chen H, Felix CR, Cotta MA, Dien BS. Properties of a recombinant beta-glucosidase from polycentric anaerobic fungus Orpinomyces PC-2 and its application for cellulose hydrolysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2004; 113-116:233-50. [PMID: 15054209 PMCID: PMC5890932 DOI: 10.1385/abab:113:1-3:233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A beta-glucosidase (BglA, EC 3.2.1.21) gene from the polycentric anaerobic fungus Orpinomyces PC-2 was cloned and sequenced. The enzyme containing 657 amino acid residues was homologous to certain animal, plant, and bacterial beta-glucosidases but lacked significant similarity to those from aerobic fungi. Neither cellulose- nor protein-binding domains were found in BglA. When expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the enzyme was secreted in two forms with masses of about 110 kDa and also found in two forms associated with the yeast cells. Km and Vmax values of the secreted BglA were 0.762 mM and 8.20 micromol/(min x mg), respectively, with p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) as the substrate and 0.310 mM and 6.45 micromol/(min.mg), respectively, for the hydrolysis of cellobiose. Glucose competitively inhibited the hydrolysis of pNPG with a Ki of 3.6 mM. Beta-glucosidase significantly enhanced the conversion of cellulosic materials into glucose by Trichoderma reesei cellulase preparations, demonstrating its potential for use in biofuel and feedstock chemical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Liang Li
- Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA/ARS,1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604-3902, USA.
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20
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Sá-Pereira P, Paveia H, Costa-Ferreira M, Aires-Barros M. A new look at xylanases: an overview of purification strategies. Mol Biotechnol 2003; 24:257-81. [PMID: 12777693 DOI: 10.1385/mb:24:3:257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Interest in xylanases from different sources has increased markedly in the past decade, in part because of the application of these enzymes in the pulp and paper industry. Purity and purification costs are becoming important issues in modern biotechnology as the industry matures and competitive products reach the marketplace. Thus, new paths for successful and efficient xylanase recovery have to be followed. This article reviews the isolation and purification methods used for the recovery of microbial xylanases. Origins and applications of xylanases are described, highlighting the special features of this class of enzymes, such as the carbohydrate-binding domains (CBDs) and their importance in the development of affinity methodologies to increase and facilitate xylanase purification. Implications of recombinant DNA technology for the isolation and purification of xylanases are evaluated. Several purification procedures are analyzed, taking into consideration the sequence of the methods used in each and the number of times each method is used. New directions to improve xylanase separation and purification from fermentation media are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Sá-Pereira
- Department of Biotechnology, Unit of Bioengineering and Bioprocesses, Estrada do Pago do Luminar. 22, Edifícia F Sala 1070A, 1649-038, Lisboa, Portugal.
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21
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Ohta K, Moriyama S, Tanaka H, Shige T, Akimoto H. Purification and Characterization of an Acidophilic Xylanase from Aureobasidium pullulans var. melanigenum and Sequence Analysis of the Encoding Gene. J Biosci Bioeng 2001; 92:262-70. [PMID: 16233094 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.92.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2001] [Accepted: 06/27/2001] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An extracellular endo-1,4-beta-xylanase was purified from the culture supernatant of Aureobasidium pullulans var. melanigenum (ATCC 20524) grown on oat-spelt xylan. The purified enzyme showed a single band on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with an apparent M(r) of 24 kDa and had an isoelectric point of 6.7. Xylanase activity was optimal at pH 2.0 and 50 degrees C. The genomic DNA and cDNAs encoding this protein were cloned and sequenced. Southern blot analysis indicated that the xylanase gene (xynI) was present as a single copy in the genome. An open reading frame, consisting of 663 bp, encoded a presumed prepropeptide of 34 amino acids and a mature protein of 187 amino acid. The DNA region encoding the prepeptide was interrupted by a 59-bp intron. A single transcription start point was observed at position -46 (A) from the start codon. The 5'-noncoding region had a putative TATA box at -91 (TATATAA) and two possible CCAAT boxes at -247 (CAAT) and -283 (CCAAT). A cloned xynI cDNA was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The deduced amino acid sequence showed 94% identity with that of a previously reported equivalent gene (xynA) encoding a xylanase with an optimal pH of 4.8 from a color variant strain, NRRL Y-2311-1, of A. pullulans. A neighbor-joining tree showed that the Aureobasidium enzymes are closely related to several other family-11 xylanases from black aspergilli and Penicillium purpurogenum.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ohta
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Miyazaki University, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.
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22
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Han Y, Wilson DB, Lei XG. Expression of an Aspergillus niger phytase gene (phyA) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999; 65:1915-8. [PMID: 10223979 PMCID: PMC91276 DOI: 10.1128/aem.65.5.1915-1918.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/1998] [Accepted: 02/10/1999] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytase improves the bioavailability of phytate phosphorus in plant foods to humans and animals and reduces phosphorus pollution of animal waste. Our objectives were to express an Aspergillus niger phytase gene (phyA) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and to determine the effects of glycosylation on the phytase's activity and thermostability. A 1.4-kb DNA fragment containing the coding region of the phyA gene was inserted into the expression vector pYES2 and was expressed in S. cerevisiae as an active, extracellular phytase. The yield of total extracellular phytase activity was affected by the signal peptide and the medium composition. The expressed phytase had two pH optima (2 to 2.5 and 5 to 5.5) and a temperature optimum between 55 and 60 degrees C, and it cross-reacted with a rabbit polyclonal antibody against the wild-type enzyme. Due to the heavy glycosylation, the expressed phytase had a molecular size of approximately 120 kDa and appeared to be more thermostable than the commercial enzyme. Deglycosylation of the phytase resulted in losses of 9% of its activity and 40% of its thermostability. The recombinant phytase was effective in hydrolyzing phytate phosphorus from corn or soybean meal in vitro. In conclusion, the phyA gene was expressed as an active, extracellular phytase in S. cerevisiae, and its thermostability was affected by glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Han
- Department of Animal Science, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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23
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Li XL, Chen H, Ljungdahl LG. Two cellulases, CelA and CelC, from the polycentric anaerobic fungus Orpinomyces strain PC-2 contain N-terminal docking domains for a cellulase-hemicellulase complex. Appl Environ Microbiol 1997; 63:4721-8. [PMID: 9406391 PMCID: PMC168795 DOI: 10.1128/aem.63.12.4721-4728.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Two cDNAs encoding two cellulases, CelA and CelC, were isolated from a cDNA library of the polycentric anaerobic fungus Orpinomyces sp. strain PC-2 constructed in Escherichia coli. Nucleotide sequencing revealed that the celA cDNA (1,558 bp) and celC cDNA (1,628 bp) had open reading frames encoding polypeptides of 459 (CelA) and 449 (CelC) amino acids, respectively. The two cDNAs were 76.9 and 67.7% identical at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences showed that starting from the N termini, both CelA and CelC had signal peptides, which were followed by noncatalytic repeated peptide domains (NCRPD) containing two repeated sequences of 33 to 40 amino acid residues functioning as docking domains. The NCRPDs and the catalytic domains were separated by linker sequences. The NCRPDs were homologous to those found in several hydrolases of anaerobic fungi, whereas the catalytic domains were homologous to the catalytic domains of fungal cellobiohydrolases and bacterial endoglucanases. The linker sequence of CelA contained predominantly glutamine and proline residues, while that of CelC contained mainly threonine residues. CelA and CelC did not have a typical cellulose binding domain (CBD). CelA and CelC expressed in E. coli rapidly decreased the viscosity of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), indicating that there was endoglucanase activity. In addition, they produced cellobiose from CMC, acid-swollen cellulose, and cellotetraose, suggesting that they had cellobiohydrolase activity. The optimal activity conditions with CMC as the substrate were pH 4.3 to 6.8 and 50 degrees C for CelA and pH 4.6 to 7.0 and 40 degrees C for CelC. Despite the lack of a CBD, CelC displayed a high affinity for microcrystalline cellulose, whereas CelA did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens 30602-7229, USA
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24
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Walsh DJ, Bergquist PL. Expression and secretion of a thermostable bacterial xylanase in Kluyveromyces lactis. Appl Environ Microbiol 1997; 63:3297-300. [PMID: 9251219 PMCID: PMC168630 DOI: 10.1128/aem.63.8.3297-3300.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The xynA structural gene from the extremely thermophilic anaerobe Dictyoglomus thermophilum Rt46B.1 was fused in frame with the secretion signal of the Kluyveromyces lactis killer toxin in episomal expression vectors based on the Kluyveromyces plasmid pKD1. XynA was secreted predominantly as an unglycosylated 35-kDa protein which comprised up to 90% of the total extracellular proteins and reached a concentration of 130 micrograms/ml in shake-flask cultures grown under selective conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Walsh
- Centre for Gene Technology, University of Auckland, New Zealand
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