1
|
Matturro B, Mascolo G, Rossetti S. Microbiome changes and oxidative capability of an anaerobic PCB dechlorinating enrichment culture after oxygen exposure. N Biotechnol 2020; 56:96-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
2
|
Dobslaw D, Engesser KH. Biodegradation of gaseous emissions of 2-chlorotoluene by strains of Rhodococcus sp. in polyurethane foam packed biotrickling filters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 639:1491-1500. [PMID: 29929312 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
About 60,000-70,000 tons of 2-chlorotoluene, which shows high toxicity in aquatic ecosystems, are produced worldwide and used in a tremendous field of applications. However, clear proofs of biodegradation were only presented for Comamonas testosteroni KT5 and Rhodococcus sp. OCT10. Hence, this study aims on the isolation of additional strains and their characterization in pilot-scale biotrickling filters. Three strains named OCT2, OCT9, and OCT14 of the genus Rhodococcus were isolated, able to mineralize gaseous 2-chlorotoluene like the previously isolated strain Rhodococcus sp. OCT10. The performance levels of these strains were tested in four biotrickling filters each containing 18.8 L of polyurethane foam package, showing elimination capacities of carbon (C) of 30.9 (OCT2), 30.1 (OCT9), 32.2 (OCT10), and 3.9 g C·m-3·h-1 (OCT14) at an average crude gas level of 397.6 mg C·m-3 and an empty bed residence time (EBRT) of 22.6 s. Since OCT10 showed the highest performance levels, this strain was characterized in a second biotrickling filter configuration at long-term conditions of 985 days, varying crude gas levels, EBRT and nutrient supply. Chloride balancing showed a recovery of 94.4% of 2-chlorotoluene eliminated out of the gas phase, pointing out mineralization of 2-chlorotoluene. German emission limit values were met at crude gas levels up to 750 mg C·m-3 at EBRTs of 120 s or higher. The maximum elimination capacity was 51.2 g C·m-3·h-1 at a specific freight of 51.9 g C·m-3·h-1 and an EBRT of 254 s. Performance levels were strongly boosted by addition of ammonia as nutrient and stabilized at efficiency levels higher than 90% at a feed rate of 4 g ammonium sulfate per week and 100 L of package volume. Repetitive monitoring of the established 2-chlorotoluene degrading community by BOX-PCR fingerprinting revealed a high long-term stability of OCT10, underlining its suitability in this kind of application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Dobslaw
- Institute of Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, University of Stuttgart, Bandtäle 2, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.
| | - Karl-Heinrich Engesser
- Institute of Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, University of Stuttgart, Bandtäle 2, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Boyd DR, Sharma ND, Goodrich PA, Malone JF, McConville G, Harrison JS, Stevenson PJ, Allen CCR. Enantiopurity and absolute configuration determination of arene cis-dihydrodiol metabolites and derivatives using chiral boronic acids. Chirality 2017; 30:5-18. [PMID: 29024058 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The relative merits of the methods employed to determine enantiomeric excess (ee) values and absolute configurations of chiral arene and alkene cis-1,2-diol metabolites, including boronate formation, using racemic or enantiopure (+) and (-)-2-(1-methoxyethyl)phenylboronic acid (MEPBA), are discussed. Further applications of: 1) MEPBA derived boronates of chiral mono- and poly-cyclic arene cis-dihydrodiol, cyclohex-2-en-1-one cis-diol, heteroarene cis/trans-2,3-diol, and catechol metabolites in estimating their ee values, and 2) new chiral phenylboronic acids, 2-[1-methoxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl]phenyl boronic acid (MDPBA) and 2-[1-methoxy-1-phenylmethyl]phenyl boronic acid (MPPBA) and their advantages over MEPBA, as reagents for stereochemical analysis of arene and alkene cis-diol metabolites, are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek R Boyd
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Narain D Sharma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Peter A Goodrich
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - John F Malone
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Gareth McConville
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - John S Harrison
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Paul J Stevenson
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Christopher C R Allen
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Global and Food Security, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hussain I, ALOthman ZA, Alwarthan AA, Sanagi MM, Ali I. Chiral xenobiotics bioaccumulations and environmental health prospectives. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:490. [PMID: 26148690 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4704-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The chiral xenobiotics are very dangerous for all of us due to the different enantioselective toxicities of the enantiomers. Besides, these have different enantioselective bioaccumulations and behaviors in our body and other organisms. It is of urgent need to understand the enantioselective bioaccumulations, toxicities, and the health hazards of the chiral xenobiotics. The present article describes the classification, sources of contamination, distribution, enantioselective bioaccumulation, and the toxicities of the chiral xenobiotics. Besides, the efforts are also made to discuss the prevention and remedial measures of the havoc of the chiral xenobiotics. The challenges of the chiral xenobiotics have also been highlighted. Finally, future prospectives are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Hussain
- Department of General Studies, Jubail Industrial College, P.O. Box 10099, Jubail Industrial City, 31961, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chowdhury PP, Sarkar J, Basu S, Dutta TK. Metabolism of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthoic acid and naphthalene via gentisic acid by distinctly different sets of enzymes in Burkholderia sp. strain BC1. Microbiology (Reading) 2014; 160:892-902. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.077495-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia sp. strain BC1, a soil bacterium, isolated from a naphthalene balls manufacturing waste disposal site, is capable of utilizing 2-hydroxy-1-naphthoic acid (2H1NA) and naphthalene individually as the sole source of carbon and energy. To deduce the pathway for degradation of 2H1NA, metabolites isolated from resting cell culture were identified by a combination of chromatographic and spectrometric analyses. Characterization of metabolic intermediates, oxygen uptake studies and enzyme activities revealed that strain BC1 degrades 2H1NA via 2-naphthol, 1,2,6-trihydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene and gentisic acid. In addition, naphthalene was found to be degraded via 1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene, salicylic acid and gentisic acid, with the putative involvement of the classical nag pathway. Unlike most other Gram-negative bacteria, metabolism of salicylic acid in strain BC1 involves a dual pathway, via gentisic acid and catechol, with the latter being metabolized by catechol 1,2-dioxygenase. Involvement of a non-oxidative decarboxylase in the enzymic transformation of 2H1NA to 2-naphthol indicates an alternative catabolic pathway for the bacterial degradation of hydroxynaphthoic acid. Furthermore, the biochemical observations on the metabolism of structurally similar compounds, naphthalene and 2-naphthol, by similar but different sets of enzymes in strain BC1 were validated by real-time PCR analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piyali Pal Chowdhury
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, P-1/12 C.I.T. Scheme VII M, Kolkata, India
| | - Jayita Sarkar
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, P-1/12 C.I.T. Scheme VII M, Kolkata, India
| | - Soumik Basu
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, P-1/12 C.I.T. Scheme VII M, Kolkata, India
| | - Tapan K. Dutta
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, P-1/12 C.I.T. Scheme VII M, Kolkata, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Semak V, Metcalf TA, Endoma-Arias MAA, Mach P, Hudlicky T. Toluene dioxygenase mediated oxidation of halogen-substituted benzoate esters. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:4407-16. [PMID: 22562668 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25202c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of ortho-, meta-, and para- halogen-substituted methyl benzoate esters was subjected to enzymatic dihydroxylation via the whole-cell fermentation with E. coli JM109 (pDTG601A). Only ortho-substituted benzoates were metabolized. Methyl 2-fluorobenzoate yielded one diol regioselectively whereas methyl 2-chloro-, methyl 2-bromo- and methyl 2-iodobenzoates each yielded a mixture of regioisomers. Absolute stereochemistry was determined for all new metabolites. Computational analysis of these results and a possible rationale for the regioselectivity of the enzymatic dihydroxylation is advanced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Semak
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Ave, St. Catharines, ON, Canada L2S 3A1
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dobslaw D, Engesser KH. Degradation of 2-chlorotoluene by Rhodococcus sp. OCT 10. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:2205-14. [PMID: 21870046 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3543-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A strain Rhodococcus sp. OCT 10 DSM 45596(T), exhibiting 99.9% of 16S rDNA identity with Rhodococcus wratislaviensis NCIMB 13082, was isolated from a soil sample. The strain completely mineralised 2-chlorotoluene, 2-bromotoluene, o-xylene, benzyl alcohol and benzoate. In contrast, 2-fluorotoluene was only partially mineralised. By GC-MS and (1)H-NMR analyses, 4-chloro-3-methylcatechol was identified as the central intermediate in the degradation pathway of 2-chlorotoluene. It was further degraded by enzymes of the meta cleavage pathway. Catechol 1,2-dioxygenase and chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase as the initial enzymes of the ortho cleavage pathways were not detectable under these conditions. Furthermore, neither formation nor oxidation of 2-chlorobenzylic alcohol, 2-chlorobenzaldehyde, or 2-chlorobenzoate was observed, thereby excluding side chain oxidation activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Dobslaw
- Department of Biological Waste Air Purification, Institute of Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, University of Stuttgart, Bandtäle 2, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gross R, Guzman CA, Sebaihia M, dos Santos VAPM, Pieper DH, Koebnik R, Lechner M, Bartels D, Buhrmester J, Choudhuri JV, Ebensen T, Gaigalat L, Herrmann S, Khachane AN, Larisch C, Link S, Linke B, Meyer F, Mormann S, Nakunst D, Rückert C, Schneiker-Bekel S, Schulze K, Vorhölter FJ, Yevsa T, Engle JT, Goldman WE, Pühler A, Göbel UB, Goesmann A, Blöcker H, Kaiser O, Martinez-Arias R. The missing link: Bordetella petrii is endowed with both the metabolic versatility of environmental bacteria and virulence traits of pathogenic Bordetellae. BMC Genomics 2008; 9:449. [PMID: 18826580 PMCID: PMC2572626 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-9-449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bordetella petrii is the only environmental species hitherto found among the otherwise host-restricted and pathogenic members of the genus Bordetella. Phylogenetically, it connects the pathogenic Bordetellae and environmental bacteria of the genera Achromobacter and Alcaligenes, which are opportunistic pathogens. B. petrii strains have been isolated from very different environmental niches, including river sediment, polluted soil, marine sponges and a grass root. Recently, clinical isolates associated with bone degenerative disease or cystic fibrosis have also been described. RESULTS In this manuscript we present the results of the analysis of the completely annotated genome sequence of the B. petrii strain DSMZ12804. B. petrii has a mosaic genome of 5,287,950 bp harboring numerous mobile genetic elements, including seven large genomic islands. Four of them are highly related to the clc element of Pseudomonas knackmussii B13, which encodes genes involved in the degradation of aromatics. Though being an environmental isolate, the sequenced B. petrii strain also encodes proteins related to virulence factors of the pathogenic Bordetellae, including the filamentous hemagglutinin, which is a major colonization factor of B. pertussis, and the master virulence regulator BvgAS. However, it lacks all known toxins of the pathogenic Bordetellae. CONCLUSION The genomic analysis suggests that B. petrii represents an evolutionary link between free-living environmental bacteria and the host-restricted obligate pathogenic Bordetellae. Its remarkable metabolic versatility may enable B. petrii to thrive in very different ecological niches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roy Gross
- Chair of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Boyd DR, Sharma ND, Coen GP, Gray PJ, Malone JF, Gawronski J. Enzyme-Catalysed Synthesis and Absolute Configuration Assignments ofcis-Dihydrodiol Metabolites from 1,4-Disubstituted Benzenes. Chemistry 2007; 13:5804-11. [PMID: 17431867 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A series of ten cis-dihydrodiol metabolites has been obtained by bacterial biotransformation of the corresponding 1,4-disubstituted benzene substrates using Pseudomonas putida UV4, a source of toluene dioxygenase (TDO). Their enantiomeric excess (ee) values have been established using chiral stationary phase HPLC and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Absolute configurations of the majority of cis-dihydrodiols have been established using stereochemical correlation and X-ray crystallography and the remainder have been tentatively assigned using NMR spectroscopic methods but finally confirmed by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. These configurational assignments support and extend the validity of an empirical model, previously used to predict the preferred stereochemistry of TDO-catalysed cis-dihydroxylation of ten 1,4-disubstituted benzene substrates, to more than twenty-five examples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek R Boyd
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CenTACat and QUESTOR Centre, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gómez-Gil L, Kumar P, Barriault D, Bolin JT, Sylvestre M, Eltis LD. Characterization of biphenyl dioxygenase of Pandoraea pnomenusa B-356 as a potent polychlorinated biphenyl-degrading enzyme. J Bacteriol 2007; 189:5705-15. [PMID: 17526697 PMCID: PMC1951834 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01476-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biphenyl dioxygenase (BPDO) catalyzes the aerobic transformation of biphenyl and various polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In three different assays, BPDO(B356) from Pandoraea pnomenusa B-356 was a more potent PCB-degrading enzyme than BPDO(LB400) from Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 (75% amino acid sequence identity), transforming nine congeners in the following order of preference: 2,3',4-trichloro approximately 2,3,4'-trichloro > 3,3'-dichloro > 2,4,4'-trichloro > 4,4'-dichloro approximately 2,2'-dichloro > 2,6-dichloro > 2,2',3,3'-tetrachloro approximately 2,2',5,5'-tetrachloro. Except for 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, BPDO(B356) transformed each congener at a higher rate than BPDO(LB400). The assays used either whole cells or purified enzymes and either individual congeners or mixtures of congeners. Product analyses established previously unrecognized BPDO(B356) activities, including the 3,4-dihydroxylation of 2,6-dichlorobiphenyl. BPDO(LB400) had a greater apparent specificity for biphenyl than BPDO(B356) (k(cat)/K(m) = 2.4 x 10(6) +/- 0.7 x 10(6) M(-1) s(-1) versus k(cat)/K(m) = 0.21 x 10(6) +/- 0.04 x 10(6) M(-1) s(-1)). However, the latter transformed biphenyl at a higher maximal rate (k(cat) = 4.1 +/- 0.2 s(-1) versus k(cat) = 0.4 +/- 0.1 s(-1)). A variant of BPDO(LB400) containing four active site residues of BPDO(B356) transformed para-substituted congeners better than BPDO(LB400). Interestingly, a substitution remote from the active site, A267S, increased the enzyme's preference for meta-substituted congeners. Moreover, this substitution had a greater effect on the kinetics of biphenyl utilization than substitutions in the substrate-binding pocket. In all variants, the degree of coupling between congener depletion and O(2) consumption was approximately proportional to congener depletion. At 2.4-A resolution, the crystal structure of the BPDO(B356)-2,6-dichlorobiphenyl complex, the first crystal structure of a BPDO-PCB complex, provided additional insight into the reactivity of this isozyme with this congener, as well as into the differences in congener preferences of the BPDOs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Gómez-Gil
- Department of Microbiology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ouyang SP, Sun SY, Liu Q, Chen J, Chen GQ. Microbial transformation of benzene to cis-3,5-cyclohexadien-1,2-diols by recombinant bacteria harboring toluene dioxygenase gene tod. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 74:43-9. [PMID: 17021870 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0637-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2006] [Revised: 08/14/2006] [Accepted: 08/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Toluene dioxygenase (TDO) catalyzes asymmetric cis-dihydroxylation of aromatic compounds. To achieve high efficient biotransformation of benzene to benzene cis-diols, Pseudomonas putida KT2442, Pseudomonas stutzeri 1317, and Aeromonas hydrophila 4AK4 were used as hosts to express TDO gene tod. Plasmid pSPM01, a derivative of broad-host plasmid pBBR1MCS-2 harboring tod from plasmid pKST11, was constructed and introduced into the above three strains. Their abilities to catalyze the biotransformation of benzene to benzene cis-diols, namely, cis-3,5-cyclohexadien-1,2-diols abbreviated as DHCD, were examined. In shake-flask cultivation under optimized culture media and growth condition, benzene cis-diols production by recombinant P. putida KT2442 (pSPM01), P. stutzeri 1317 (pSPM01), and A. hydrophila 4AK4 (pSPM01) were 2.68, 2.13, and 1.17 g/l, respectively. In comparison, Escherichia coli JM109 (pSPM01) and E. coli JM109 (pKST11) produced 0.45 and 0.53 g/l of DHCD, respectively. When biotransformation was run in a 6-l fermenter, DHCD production in P. putida KT2442 (pSPM01) was approximately 60 g/l; this is the highest DHCD production yield reported so far.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ping Ouyang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Finn KJ, Collins J, Hudlicky T. Toluene dioxygenase-mediated oxidation of dibromobenzenes. Absolute stereochemistry of new metabolites and synthesis of (−)-conduritol E. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
13
|
Kimura N, Kitagawa W, Mori T, Nakashima N, Tamura T, Kamagata Y. Genetic and biochemical characterization of the dioxygenase involved in lateral dioxygenation of dibenzofuran from Rhodococcus opacus strain SAO101. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 73:474-84. [PMID: 16736088 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0481-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2006] [Revised: 04/19/2006] [Accepted: 04/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Rhodococcus opacus strain SAO101 was shown to degrade on various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as naphthalene, dibenzofuran (DF), and dibenzo-p-dioxin (DD). One of the unique traits of the strain SAO101 is its ability to oxidize DF compounds by lateral dioxygenation. To clone the lateral dioxygenase gene involved in compound degradation in strain SAO101, we identified a cosmid clone that oxidizes aromatic compounds by using SAO101 genomic DNA. Sequencing analysis revealed that isolated cosmid clone contained ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase genes (narAaAb) with homologies to indene dioxygenase genes of Rhodococcus strain I24 and naphthalene dioxygenase genes of Rhodococcus strain NCIMB12038. The NarAaAb-expressing Rhodococcus cells exhibited broad substrate specificity for bicyclic aromatic compounds and had high ability to degrade dibenzofuran and naphthalene. Metabolite analysis revealed that dihydrodiol compounds were detected as metabolites from dibenzofuran by the NarAaAb-expressing Rhodococcus strain, indicating that dibenzofuran was converted by lateral dioxygenase activity of NarA dioxygenase. Based on reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis, it was found that the narAaAb genes were cotranscribed and that their expression was induced in the presence of aromatic hydrocarbon compounds. It is likely that these genes are involved in the degradation pathways of a wide range of aromatic hydrocarbons by this strain. Strain SAO101 harbors three huge linear plasmids, pWK301 (1,100 kbp), pWK302 (1,000 kbp), and pWK303 (700 kbp), and the nar genes were found to be located on the pWK301 plasmid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobutada Kimura
- Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nolan LC, O'Connor KE. A spectrophotometric method for the quantification of an enzyme activity producing 4-substituted phenols: determination of toluene-4-monooxygenase activity. Anal Biochem 2005; 344:224-31. [PMID: 16061193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2005.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2005] [Revised: 05/17/2005] [Accepted: 05/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A spectrophotometric method for the quantitative determination of an enzyme activity resulting in the accumulation of 4-substituted phenols is described in this article. Toluene-4-monooxygenase (T4MO) activity in whole cells of Pseudomonas mendocina KR1 is used to demonstrate this method. This spectrophotometric assay is based on the coupling of T4MO activity with tyrosinase activity. The 4-substituted phenol, produced by the action of T4MO on the aromatic ring of a substituted arene, is a substrate for tyrosinase, which converts phenols to o-quinones. The latter react with the nucleophile 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone (MBTH) to produce intensely colored products that absorb light maximally at different wavelengths, depending on the phenolic substrate used. The incubation of whole cells of P. mendocina KRI with fluorobenzene resulted in the accumulation of 4-fluorophenol. The coupling of T4MO activity with tyrosinase activity in the presence of fluorobenzene resulted in the formation of a colored product absorbing maximally at 480 nm. The molar absorptivity (epsilon) value for the o-quinone-MBTH adduct formed from 4-fluorophenol was determined experimentally to be 12,827 M(-1) cm(-1) with a linear range of quantification between 2.5 and 75 microM. The whole cell assay was run as a continuous indirect assay. The initial rates of T4MO activity toward fluorobenzene, as determined spectrophotometrically, were 61.8+/-4.4 nmol/min/mg P. mendocina KR1 protein (using mushroom tyrosinase), 64.9+/-4.6 nmol/min/mg P. mendocina KR1 protein (using cell extracts Pseudomonas putida F6), and, as determined by HPLC analysis, 62.6+/-1.4 nmol/min/mg P. mendocina KR1 protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise C Nolan
- Department of Industrial Microbiology, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, National University of Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yildirim S, Franco T, Wohlgemuth R, Kohler HP, Witholt B, Schmid A. Recombinant Chlorobenzene Dioxygenase fromPseudomonas sp. P51: A Biocatalyst for Regioselective Oxidation of Aromatic Nitriles. Adv Synth Catal 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200505075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
16
|
Pieper DH. Aerobic degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2004; 67:170-91. [PMID: 15614564 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-004-1810-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2004] [Revised: 10/10/2004] [Accepted: 10/19/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The microbial degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been extensively studied in recent years. The genetic organization of biphenyl catabolic genes has been elucidated in various groups of microorganisms, their structures have been analyzed with respect to their evolutionary relationships, and new information on mobile elements has become available. Key enzymes, specifically biphenyl 2,3-dioxygenases, have been intensively characterized, structure/sequence relationships have been determined and enzymes optimized for PCB transformation. However, due to the complex metabolic network responsible for PCB degradation, optimizing degradation by single bacterial species is necessarily limited. As PCBs are usually not mineralized by biphenyl-degrading organisms, and cometabolism can result in the formation of toxic metabolites, the degradation of chlorobenzoates has received special attention. A broad set of bacterial strategies to degrade chlorobenzoates has recently been elucidated, including new pathways for the degradation of chlorocatechols as central intermediates of various chloroaromatic catabolic pathways. To optimize PCB degradation in the environment beyond these metabolic limitations, enhancing degradation in the rhizosphere has been suggested, in addition to the application of surfactants to overcome bioavailability barriers. However, further research is necessary to understand the complex interactions between soil/sediment, pollutant, surfactant and microorganisms in different environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar H Pieper
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, German Research Center for Biotechnology, Mascheroder Weg 1, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Francova K, Macková M, Macek T, Sylvestre M. Ability of bacterial biphenyl dioxygenases from Burkholderia sp. LB400 and Comamonas testosteroni B-356 to catalyse oxygenation of ortho-hydroxychlorobiphenyls formed from PCBs by plants. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2004; 127:41-48. [PMID: 14553993 DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(03)00257-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Capacity of enzymes of the biphenyl/chlorobiphenyl pathway, especially biphenyl dioxygenase (BPDO) of two polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) degrading bacteria, Burkholderia sp. LB400 and Comamonas testosteroni B-356, to metabolize ortho-substituted hydroxybiphenyls was tested.,These compounds found among plant products of PCB metabolism, are carrying chlorine atoms on the hydroxyl-substituted ring. The abilities of His-tagged purified LB400 and B-356 BPDOs to catalyze the oxygenation of 2-hydroxy-3-chlorobiphenyl, 2-hydroxy-5-chlorobiphenyl and 2-hydroxy-3,5-dichlorobiphenyl were compared. Both enzyme preparations catalyzed the hydroxylation of the three chloro-hydroxybiphenyls on the non-substituted ring. Neither LB400 BPDO nor B-356 BPDO oxygenated the substituted ring of the ortho-hydroxylated biphenyl. The fact that metabolites generated by both enzymes were identical for all three hydroxychlorobiphenyls tested; exclude any other mode of attack of these compounds by LB400 BPDOs than the ortho-meta oxygenation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Francova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, ICT Prague, Technicka 3, 6, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|