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Zheng S, Song J, Qin X, Yang K, Liu M, Yang C, Nyachoti CM. Dietary supplementation of red-osier dogwood polyphenol extract changes the ileal microbiota structure and increases Lactobacillus in a pig model. AMB Express 2021; 11:145. [PMID: 34714436 PMCID: PMC8556438 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01303-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Red-osier dogwood (ROD) extract contains a lot of polyphenols that have the potential for modulation of gut microbiota. However, little information is available about its prebiotic properties. This study investigated the impact of ROD polyphenol extract on the ileal microbiota with dietary supplementation of ROD polyphenol extract in a pig model. The data indicated that supplementation of ROD polyphenol extract significantly increased class Bacilli, order Lactobacillales and family lactobacillaceae. Within family lactobacillaceae, Lactobacillus was the main responder by increasing from 5.92% to 35.09%. Further analysis showed that ROD polyphenol extract improved two species Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus mucus. The results of this study suggested that ROD polyphenol extract has the potential to play prebiotic role and confer health benefit through modifying gut microbiota.
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Tamang JP, Cotter PD, Endo A, Han NS, Kort R, Liu SQ, Mayo B, Westerik N, Hutkins R. Fermented foods in a global age: East meets West. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:184-217. [PMID: 33319517 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fermented foods and alcoholic beverages have long been an important part of the human diet in nearly every culture on every continent. These foods are often well-preserved and serve as stable and significant sources of proteins, vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients. Despite these common features, however, many differences exist with respect to substrates and products and the types of microbes involved in the manufacture of fermented foods and beverages produced globally. In this review, we describe these differences and consider the influence of geography and industrialization on fermented foods manufacture. Whereas fermented foods produced in Europe, North America, Australia, and New Zealand usually depend on defined starter cultures, those made in Asia and Africa often rely on spontaneous fermentation. Likewise, in developing countries, fermented foods are not often commercially produced on an industrial scale. Although many fermented products rely on autochthonous microbes present in the raw material, for other products, the introduction of starter culture technology has led to greater consistency, safety, and quality. The diversity and function of microbes present in a wide range of fermented foods can now be examined in detail using molecular and other omic approaches. The nutritional value of fermented foods is now well-appreciated, especially in resource-poor regions where yoghurt and other fermented foods can improve public health and provide opportunities for economic development. Manufacturers of fermented foods, whether small or large, should follow Good Manufacturing Practices and have sustainable development goals. Ultimately, preferences for fermented foods and beverages depend on dietary habits of consumers, as well as regional agricultural conditions and availability of resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Prakash Tamang
- DAICENTER and Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Food Biosciences, Principal Research Officer, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy and APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Akihito Endo
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nam Soo Han
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Remco Kort
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Yoba for Life foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shao Quan Liu
- Food Science and Technology Programme, National University of Singapore
| | - Baltasar Mayo
- Department of Microbiology and Chemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Nieke Westerik
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Yoba for Life foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Hutkins
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
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Gao X, Wang F, Zhao P, Zhang R, Zeng Q. Effect of heat-killed Streptococcus thermophilus on type 2 diabetes rats. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7117. [PMID: 31223540 PMCID: PMC6571132 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The link between gut microbiota and type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been addressed by numerous studies. Streptococcus thermophilus from fermented milk products, has been used as a probiotic in previous research. However, whether heat-killed S. thermophilus can improve the glycemic parameters of diabetic rats remains unanswered. In this study, we evaluated the effect of heat-killed S. thermophilus on T2D model rats and the potential mechanisms of the effect. METHODS Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats were used to generate a diabetic rat model induced by feeding a high-fat diet. Heat-killed S. thermophilus were orally administered to normal and diabetic rats for 12 weeks. Intestinal microbiota analysis, histology analysis, oral glucose tolerance test and measurement of inflammatory factors were performed. RESULTS We found that heat-killed S. thermophilus treatment reduced fasting blood glucose levels and alleviated glucose intolerance and total cholesterol in diabetic ZDF rats. Additionally, heat-killed S. thermophilus increased the interleukin 10 while reducing the levels of lipopolysaccharide, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in diabetic ZDF rats. The heat-killed S. thermophilus treatment can normalize the structure of the intestinal and colon mucosal layer of diabetic rats. The characteristics of the gut microbiota in heat-killed S. thermophilus-treated and control rats were similar. At the genus level, the abundances of beneficial bacteria, including Ruminococcaceae, Veillonella, Coprococcus, and Bamesiella, were all significantly elevated by heat-killed S. thermophilus treatment in ZDF diabetic rats. CONCLUSION Our study supports the hypothesis that treatment with heat-killed S. thermophilus could effectively improve glycemic parameters in T2D model rats. In addition, the potential mechanisms underlying the protection maybe include changing the composition of gut microbiota, reinforcing the intestinal epithelial barrier and the immunity of the intestinal mucosa, decreasing the level of inflammation, and then reducing the insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Gao
- Health Management Institute, The Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Health Management Institute, The Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Health Management Institute, The Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Health Management Center, HangZhou Special Service Convalescent Center of Air Force, PLA, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Health Management Institute, The Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Health Management Institute, The Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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In vitro and in vivo evaluation of Lactobacillus strains and comparative genomic analysis of Lactobacillus plantarum CGMCC12436 reveal candidates of colonise-related genes. Food Res Int 2019; 119:813-821. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Tarrah A, de Castilhos J, Rossi RC, Duarte VDS, Ziegler DR, Corich V, Giacomini A. In vitro Probiotic Potential and Anti-cancer Activity of Newly Isolated Folate-Producing Streptococcus thermophilus Strains. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2214. [PMID: 30283428 PMCID: PMC6156529 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most probiotic strains commercially available today are lactic acid bacteria. Within this functional group, Streptococcus thermophilus is a thermophilic species widely used as starter culture for a huge number of dairy products. Besides being rapid acidifiers, many S. thermophilus strains are able to produce and release folate during growth but, unfortunately, they are seriously impaired during passage through the human gastrointestinal tract. In this work, we studied eight S. thermophilus strains isolated from dairy environments in Italy, which already had shown good technological properties, to evaluate their possible probiotic potential and cytotoxicity against cancer cells in vitro. All strains were also evaluated for some health-related properties such as susceptibility to most common antibiotics, hemolytic activity, resistance to simulated gastrointestinal conditions, bile salts hydrolytic activity, production of folate, adhesion to HT-29 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells and cytotoxic activity against cancer cells and production of biogenic amines. Results revealed that two fast acidifying S. thermophilus strains were found to possess in vitro probiotic properties along with anticancer activity and production of folate. These properties resulted similar and, in some cases, superior to those of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, a well-known commercial probiotic strain. These findings encourage further in vivo studies to evaluate the actual health benefits of these strains on the human host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Tarrah
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Juliana de Castilhos
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Viviana Corich
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessio Giacomini
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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Bostan K, Unver Alcay A, Yalçin S, Eren Vapur U, Nizamlioglu M. Identification and characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional cone yoghurt. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 26:1625-1632. [PMID: 30263699 PMCID: PMC6049714 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cone yoghurt is a yoghurt variety produced by adding only pine cones to milk without culture in a limited area of Turkey. The present study was conducted to identify and characterize lactic flora in traditional cone yoghurt. Morphological, cultural, physiological, biochemical, and genotypic characteristics were employed to identify lactic acid bacteria isolates from cones and cone yoghurts. Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus (S. thermophilus) and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (L. bulgaricus) were obtained from both cones and yoghurts. Among the isolates, L. plantarum was frequently isolated except for these two bacteria (S. thermophilus and L. bulgaricus). The results indicate that the cone yoghurt has a mixed microflora contrary to the yoghurt produced by the addition of a starter culture and S. thermophilus, and L. bulgaricus in cone yoghurt originates from the pine cones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Bostan
- Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, Faculty of Fine Arts, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayla Unver Alcay
- Department of Food Technology, Anadolu Bil Vocational School of Higher Education, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Ufuk Eren Vapur
- Department of Gastronomy and the Culinary Arts, Art and Design Faculty, Nisantasi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Nizamlioglu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Gelisim University, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey
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7
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Streptococcus thermophilus: From yogurt starter to a new promising probiotic candidate? J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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KHODER GHALIA, AL-MENHALI ASMAA, AL-YASSIR FARAH, KARAM SHERIFM. Potential role of probiotics in the management of gastric ulcer. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:3-17. [PMID: 27347010 PMCID: PMC4906699 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric ulcer is one of the most common chronic gastrointestinal diseases characterized by a significant defect in the mucosal barrier. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and the frequent long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are major factors involved in gastric ulcer development. Acid inhibitors and antibiotics are commonly used to treat gastric ulcer. However, in the last few decades, the accumulating evidence for resistance to antibiotics and the side effects of antibiotics and acid inhibitors have drawn attention to the possible use of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of gastric ulcer. Probiotics are live microorganisms that when administered in adequate amounts confer health benefits on the host. Currently, the available experimental and clinical studies indicate that probiotics are promising for future applications in the management of gastric ulcers. This review aims to provide an overview of the general health benefits of probiotics on various systemic and gastrointestinal disorders with a special focus on gastric ulcer and the involved cellular and molecular mechanisms: i) Protection of gastric mucosal barrier; ii) upregulation of prostaglandins, mucus, growth factors and anti-inflammatory cytokines; iii) increased cell proliferation to apoptosis ratio; and iv) induction of angiogenesis. Finally, some of the available data on the possible use of probiotics in H. pylori eradication are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- GHALIA KHODER
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - ASMA A. AL-MENHALI
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - FARAH AL-YASSIR
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - SHERIF M. KARAM
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates
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Tang W, Xing Z, Hu W, Li C, Wang J, Wang Y. Antioxidative effects in vivo and colonization of Lactobacillus plantarum MA2 in the murine intestinal tract. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:7193-202. [PMID: 27178180 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7581-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum MA2 was isolated from traditional Chinese Tibet kefir grains, which possess several excellent properties and functions. We previously demonstrated the antioxidant activities of this bacterium in vitro. However, the maintenance and survival of L. plantarum MA2 inside the murine intestinal tract, where it exerts its probiotic properties, and whether its effects are elicited directly on the host remain unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the mechanisms of L. plantarum MA2 in aging mice following D-galactose administration. The levels of malondialdehyde decreased significantly in the L. plantarum MA2 groups after oral ingestion compared to the D-galactose model group, and total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities increased significantly in the serum and liver. We combined fluorescein isothiocyanate labeling and green fluorescent protein expression to dynamically monitor the colonization and distribution of L. plantarum MA2 in the murine intestinal tract. The results indicated that L. plantarum MA2 was detected in the ileum, colon, and feces after single and continuous oral administration at day 21 and was maintained at 10(4)-10(5) CFU/g. These results suggest that L. plantarum MA2 colonizes and survives in the murine intestinal tract to exert its antioxidative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Food Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Zhuqing Xing
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Food Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Food Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Food Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Jinju Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Food Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Food Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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10
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Guigas C, Faulhaber K, Duerbeck D, Neve H, Heller KJ. Prophage-mediated modulation of interaction of Streptococcus thermophilus J34 with human intestinal epithelial cells and its competition against human pathogens. Benef Microbes 2015; 7:289-97. [PMID: 26689226 DOI: 10.3920/bm2015.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The human intestinal microbiota plays an important role in human health. While adhesion to gastrointestinal mucosa is a prerequisite for colonisation, inhibition of adhesion is a property which may prevent or reduce infections by food borne pathogens. Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus represent the two lactic bacteria constituting the yoghurt culture. These starter cultures have been claimed to be probiotic. In our study we compared two S. thermophilus strains (i.e. lysogenic strain J34 and corresponding non-lysogenic [prophage-cured] strain J34-6), with respect to (1) their in vitro adhesion properties to HT29 cells and (2) their cell surface hydrophobicities. Effects of the two strains on inhibition of adhesion of the pathogens Listeria monocytogenes Scott A, Staphylococcus aureus 6732 and Salmonella enteritidis S489 were studied in vitro with HT29 cell cultures. Lysogenic strain J34 was shown to be considerably more effective than the non-lysogenic derivative strain J34-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Guigas
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner Institut (Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Health), Hermann-Weigmann-Straße 1, 24103 Kiel, Germany
| | - K Faulhaber
- 2 Chair Organismic Interactions, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Tübingen University, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - D Duerbeck
- 3 BAV-Institut für Hygiene und Qualitätssicherung, Hanns-Martin-Schleyer-Str. 25, 77656 Offenburg, Germany
| | - H Neve
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner Institut (Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Health), Hermann-Weigmann-Straße 1, 24103 Kiel, Germany
| | - K J Heller
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner Institut (Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Health), Hermann-Weigmann-Straße 1, 24103 Kiel, Germany
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11
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Klu YAK, Chen J. Effect of peanut butter matrices on the fate of probiotics during simulated gastrointestinal passage. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Alfano A, Donnarumma G, Cimini D, Fusco A, Marzaioli I, De Rosa M, Schiraldi C. Lactobacillus plantarum: Microfiltration experiments for the production of probiotic biomass to be used in food and nutraceutical preparations. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 31:325-33. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Alfano
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine; Second University of Naples; via De Crecchio n°7 80138 Naples Italy
| | - Giovanna Donnarumma
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine; Second University of Naples; via De Crecchio n°7 80138 Naples Italy
| | - Donatella Cimini
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine; Second University of Naples; via De Crecchio n°7 80138 Naples Italy
| | - Alessandra Fusco
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine; Second University of Naples; via De Crecchio n°7 80138 Naples Italy
| | - Iolanda Marzaioli
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine; Second University of Naples; via De Crecchio n°7 80138 Naples Italy
| | - Mario De Rosa
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine; Second University of Naples; via De Crecchio n°7 80138 Naples Italy
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine; Second University of Naples; via De Crecchio n°7 80138 Naples Italy
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Sukegawa S, Ihara Y, Yuge K, Rao S, Oka K, Arakawa F, Fujimura T, Murakami H, Kurazono H, Takahashi M, Morimatsu F. Effects of oral administration of heat-killed Enterococcus faecium strain NHRD IHARA in post-weaning piglets. Anim Sci J 2014; 85:454-60. [PMID: 24450962 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Probiotic bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have recently received attention as candidates for alternative anti-microbial feed additives. We previously isolated Enterococcus faecium strain NHRD IHARA (FERM BP-11090, NHRD IHARA strain) and reported its probiotic efficacy. However, we have not determined the effect of oral administration of heat-killed cells of this strain. Here, we performed two experiments to investigate the effect of oral administration of the heat-killed NHRD IHARA strain on post-weaning piglets. In Experiment 1, there was a significant improvement in growth performance (P = 0.04) and increase in serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) production (P = 0.03) in the group fed heat-killed cells. These results were similar to previous results we obtained with live cells. We also found changes in serum and fecal IgA production that were unrelated to the patterns of microbiotal change. In Experiment 2, we detected a significant improvement in villus growth in the jejunum (P = 0.0002). In conclusion, oral administration of the heat-killed NHRD IHARA strain in post-weaning piglets had the same efficacy as administration of the live strain. The heat-killed NHRD IHARA strain can be used as feed additives to improve pig growth and health on commercial farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Sukegawa
- Research and Development Center, Nippon Meat Packers, Inc., Tsukuba, Japan
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14
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Najim N, Aryana KJ. A mild pulsed electric field condition that improves acid tolerance, growth, and protease activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-K and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subspecies bulgaricus LB-12. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:3424-34. [PMID: 23587394 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pulsed electric field (PEF) processing involves the application of pulses of voltage for less than 1 s to fluid products placed between 2 electrodes. The effect of mild PEF on beneficial characteristics of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus is not clearly understood. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of mild PEF conditions on acid tolerance, growth, and protease activity of Lb. acidophilus LA-K and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus LB-12. A pilot plant PEF system (OSU-4M; The Ohio State University, Columbus) was used. The PEF treatments were positive square unipolar pulse width of 3 µs, pulse period of 0.5s, electric field strength of 1 kV/cm, delay time of 20 µs, flow rate of 60 mL/min, and 40.5°C PEF treatment temperature. Both Lb. acidophilus LA-K and Lb. bulgaricus LB-12 subjected to mild PEF conditions were acid tolerant until the end of the 120 min of incubation, unlike the Lb. bulgaricus control, which was not acid tolerant after 30 min. The mild PEF-treated Lb. acidophilus LA-K and Lb. bulgaricus LB-12 reached the logarithmic phase of growth an hour earlier than the control. Mild PEF conditions studied significantly improved acid tolerance, exponential growth, and protease activity of both Lb. acidophilus LA-K and Lb. bulgaricus LB-12 compared with the control. The mild PEF conditions studied can be recommended for pretreating cultures to enhance these desirable attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Najim
- School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge 70803, USA
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15
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Ben-Yahia L, Mayeur C, Rul F, Thomas M. Growth advantage of Streptococcus thermophilus over Lactobacillus bulgaricus in vitro and in the gastrointestinal tract of gnotobiotic rats. Benef Microbes 2013; 3:211-9. [PMID: 22968410 DOI: 10.3920/bm2012.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The yoghurt bacteria, Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, are alleged to have beneficial effects on human health. The objective of this study was to characterise growth, biochemical activity and competitive behaviour of these two bacteria in vitro and in vivo. S. thermophilus LMD-9 and L. bulgaricus ATCC 11842 growth and lactate production were monitored in different media and in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of germ-free rats. In vitro, particularly in milk, S. thermophilus had a selective growth advantage over L. bulgaricus. The GIT of germ-free rats not supplemented with lactose was colonised by S. thermophilus but not by L. bulgaricus. Both bacteria were able to colonise the GIT of germ-free rats supplemented with 45 g/l lactose in their drinking water. However, if germ-free rats were inoculated with a mixture of the two bacteria and were supplemented with lactose, S. thermophilus rapidly and extensively colonised the GIT (1010 cfu/g faeces) at the expense of L. bulgaricus, which remained in most cases at levels <102 cfu/g faeces. S. thermophilus specifically produced L-lactate, while L. bulgaricus produced only D-lactate, both in vitro and in vivo. S. thermophilus showed competitive and growth advantage over L. bulgaricus in vitro as well as in vivo in the GIT of germ-free rats and, accordingly, L-lactate was the main lactate isomer produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ben-Yahia
- INRA, UMR 1319 Micalis, Domaine de Vilvert, bâtiment 440, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Ranadheera CS, Evans C, Adams M, Baines S. In vitro analysis of gastrointestinal tolerance and intestinal cell adhesion of probiotics in goat's milk ice cream and yogurt. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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The innovative potential of Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR06, Lactobacillus pentosus LPS01, Lactobacillus plantarum LP01, and Lactobacillus delbrueckii Subsp. delbrueckii LDD01 to restore the "gastric barrier effect" in patients chronically treated with PPI: a pilot study. J Clin Gastroenterol 2012; 46 Suppl:S18-26. [PMID: 22955351 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0b013e318267b55d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a very widespread condition. In Europe, it is estimated that about 175 million people suffer from this disease and have to chronically take drugs to increase gastric pH. The proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) such as omeprazole, lansoprazole, and esomeprazole are the most widely used drug typology in this regard. However, the inhibition of normal gastric acid secretion has important side effects, the most important being bacterial overgrowth in the stomach and duodenum with a concentration of >10⁵ viable cells/mL. As a major consequence of this, many harmful or even pathogenic bacteria contained in some foods could survive the gastric transit and colonize either the stomach itself, the duodenum, or the gut, where they could establish acute and even chronic infections with unavoidable consequences for the host's health. In other words, the "gastric barrier effect" is strongly reduced or even disrupted. To date, there are no real strategies to deal with this widespread, although still relatively little known, problem. The aim of this study was to confirm the gastric bacterial overgrowth in long-term PPI consumers and to assess the efficacy of some probiotic bacteria, belonging to both genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, in the reduction of gastric and duodenal bacterial overgrowth, therefore partially restoring the gastric barrier effect against foodborne pathogenic bacteria. METHODS For this purpose, probiotics with a strong demonstrated inhibitory activity on gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, were tested in a human intervention trial involving a total of 30 subjects treated with PPIs for either 3 to 12 consecutive months (short-term) or >12 consecutive months (long-term). An additional 10 subjects not taking PPIs were enrolled and used as a control group representing the general population. Four selected probiotics Probiotical SpA (Novara, Italy), namely Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR06 (DSM 21981), Lactobacillus pentosus LPS01 (DSM 21980), Lactobacillus plantarum LP01 (LMG P-21021), and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii LDD01 (DSM 22106) were administered for 10 days to 10 subjects treated with PPIs for >12 months (group B). In the 60 mg formulation, N-acetylcysteine was included as well in light of its well-known mechanical effects on bacterial biofilms. Gastroscopies were performed at the beginning of the study (d0) in all the groups (A, B, C, and D) and after 10 days (d10) in group B only; that is, at the end of probiotics intake. The total viable cells and total Lactobacillus were quantified in gastric juice and duodenal brushing material from all subjects. The results were compared among all the groups and with the control subjects (group D) to confirm the bacterial overgrowth. A comparison was made also between d0 and d10 in group B to quantify the efficacy of the 4 probiotics administered for 10 days. Fecal samples were collected from all groups at d0, including subjects not treated with PPIs, and in group B only at d10. Specific bacterial classes, namely enterococci, total coliforms, E. coli, molds, and yeasts were quantified in all fecal specimens. RESULTS The results collected confirmed the strong bacterial overgrowth in the stomach and duodenum of people treated with PPIs compared with subjects with a normal intragastric acidity. It is also worth noting that the bacterial cell counts in subjects who underwent a long-term treatment with a PPI were greater than the results from subjects taking these drugs for 3 to 12 months. The intake of 4 specific probiotic strains with a marked antagonistic activity towards 5 E. coli bacteria, including the enterohaemorrhagic O157:H7 strain, and an effective amount of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was able to significantly reduce bacterial overgrowth in long-term PPI-treated subjects. Total lactobacilli represented the major percentage of bacterial counts, thus demonstrating the ability of such bacteria to colonize the stomach and the duodenum, at least temporarily, and to consequently restore the gastric barrier effect. A significant decrease in fecal enterococci, total coliforms, E. coli, molds, and yeasts in subjects treated with PPIs was recorded at the end of probiotics supplementation (d10) compared with baseline (d0) in group B. This is a further confirmation of the barrier effect also exerted at the stomach level. CONCLUSIONS PPIs are the most widely sold and used drugs in the world. However, the chronic use of these pharmacological molecules exposes the subject to the risk of foodborne infections as most pathogens are able to survive the gastric transit in a condition of significantly decreased acidity.
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García-Hernández J, Moreno Y, Chuan C, Hernández M. In vivo study of the survival of Lactobacillus delbruecki subsp. bulgaricus CECT 4005T and Streptococcus thermophilus CECT 801 by DVC-FISH after consumption of fermented milk. J Food Sci 2012; 77:M593-7. [PMID: 22950663 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02918.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Direct Viable Count (DVC) method has been recently combined with fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for the specific detection of viable cells of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CECT 4005T and Streptococcus thermophilus CECT 801. This method has been used to determine their in vitro viability to gastrointestinal juices, being the resistance of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus 26.2% and 9.2%, respectively. On the other hand, an in vivo study has been carried out with the application of this technique for their detection in human feces, after consuming fermented milk. Cells of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CECT 4005T were not detected, whereas viable cells of S. thermophilus CECT 801 were detected in a number higher than 10(3) cells per gram in a 30% of the samples after 4 wk of consumption. DVC-FISH is a quick and culture-independent useful method, which has been applied for the 1st time in an in vivo survival study of LAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- J García-Hernández
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.
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Moncada M, J. Aryana K, Boeneke C. Effect of Mild Sonication Conditions on the Attributes of <i>Lactobacillus delbrueckii</i> ssp. <i>bulgaricus</i> LB-12. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/aim.2012.22014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Technological characterization and survival of the exopolysaccharide-producing strain Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis 193 and its bile-resistant derivative 193+ in simulated gastric and intestinal juices. J DAIRY RES 2011; 78:357-64. [PMID: 21774862 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029911000355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The capacity of lactic acid bacteria to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) conferring microorganisms a ropy phenotype could be an interesting feature from a technological point of view. Progressive adaptation to bile salts might render some lactobacilli able to overcome physiological gut barriers but could also modify functional properties of the strain, including the production of EPS. In this work some technological properties and the survival ability in simulated gastrointestinal conditions of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis 193, and Lb. delbrueckii subsp. lactis 193+, a strain with stable bile-resistant phenotype derived thereof, were characterized in milk in order to know whether the acquisition of resistance to bile could modify some characteristics of the microorganism. Both strains were able to grow and acidify milk similarly; however the production of ethanol increased at the expense of the aroma compound acetaldehyde in milk fermented by the strain 193+, with respect to milk fermented by the strain 193. Both microorganisms produced a heteropolysaccharide composed of glucose and galactose, and were able to increase the viscosity of fermented milks. In spite of the higher production yield of EPS by the bile-resistant strain 193+, it displayed a lower ability to increase viscosity than Lb. delbrueckii subsp. lactis 193. Milk increased survival in simulated gastric juice; the presence of bile improved adhesion to the intestinal cell line HT29-MTX in both strains. However, the acquisition of a stable resistance phenotype did not improve survival in simulated gastric and intestinal conditions or the adhesion to the intestinal cell line HT29-MTX. Thus, Lb. delbrueckii subsp. lactis 193 presents suitable technological properties for the manufacture of fermented dairy products; the acquisition of a stable bile-resistant phenotype modified some properties of the microorganism. This suggests that the possible use of bile-resistant derivative strains should be carefully evaluated in each specific application considering the influence that the acquisition of a stable bile-resistant phenotype could have in survival ability in gastric and intestinal conditions and in technological properties.
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Characterization of probiotic strains: An application as feed additives in poultry against Campylobacter jejuni. Int J Food Microbiol 2010; 141 Suppl 1:S98-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Probiotics are usually defined as products which contain viable non-pathogenic micro-organisms able to confer health benefits to the host. There are specific gastrointestinal effects of probiotics such as alleviating inflammatory bowel disease, reducing acute diarrhoea in children, inhibitingSalmonellaandHelicobacter pylori, removing cholesterol, secreting enzymes and bacteriocins and immunomodulation. However, many of the effects obtained from viable cells of probiotics are also obtained from populations of dead cells. Heat-killed cells ofEnterococcus faecalisstimulate the gastrointestinal immune system in chicks. Dead bifidobacteria induce significant increases in TNF-α production. Administration of heat-killedE. faecalisto healthy dogs increases neutrophil phagocytes. The probiotic paradox is that both live and dead cells in probiotic products can generate beneficial biological responses. The action of probiotics could be a dual one. Live probiotic cells influence both the gastrointestinal microflora and the immune response whilst the components of dead cells exert an anti-inflammatory response in the gastrointestinal tract. This is quite analogous to a proposed mode of action of antimicrobial growth promoters in animal production. This has several implications for the production and application of probiotics, as it will be difficult to assess the relative proportions of live and dead cells in a probiotic culture. Variable amounts of dead cells might contribute to the variation in response often seen with live probiotic cultures. However, the use of dead probiotics as biological response modifiers has several attractive advantages; such products would be very safe and have a long shelf-life.
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Iyer R, Tomar S, Uma Maheswari T, Singh R. Streptococcus thermophilus strains: Multifunctional lactic acid bacteria. Int Dairy J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2009.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Iyer R, Tomar S, Kapila S, Mani J, Singh R. Probiotic properties of folate producing Streptococcus thermophilus strains. Food Res Int 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2009.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Worldwide prevalence of class 2 integrases outside the clinical setting is associated with human impact. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:5100-10. [PMID: 19502434 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00133-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An intI-targeted PCR assay was optimized to evaluate the frequency of partial class 2-like integrases relative to putative, environmental IntI elements in clone libraries generated from 17 samples that included various terrestrial, marine, and deep-sea habitats with different exposures to human influence. We identified 169 unique IntI phylotypes (< or =98% amino acid identity) relative to themselves and with respect to those previously described. Among these, six variants showed an undescribed, extended, IntI-specific additional domain. A connection between human influence and the dominance of IntI-2-like variants was also observed. IntI phylotypes 80 to 99% identical to class 2 integrases comprised approximately 70 to 100% (n = 65 to 87) of the IntI elements detected in samples with a high input of fecal waste, whereas IntI2-like sequences were undetected in undisturbed settings and poorly represented (1 to 10%; n = 40 to 79) in environments with moderate or no recent fecal or anthropogenic impact. Eleven partial IntI2-like sequences lacking the signature ochre 179 codon were found among samples of biosolids and agricultural soil supplemented with swine manure, indicating a wider distribution of potentially functional IntI2 variants than previously reported. To evaluate IntI2 distribution patterns beyond the usual hosts, namely, the Enterobacteriaceae, we coupled PCR assays targeted at intI and 16S rRNA loci to G+C fractionation of total DNA extracted from manured cropland. IntI2-like sequences and 16S rRNA phylotypes related to Firmicutes (Clostridium and Bacillus) and Bacteroidetes (Chitinophaga and Sphingobacterium) dominated a low-G+C fraction ( approximately 40 to 45%), suggesting that these groups could be important IntI2 hosts in manured soil. Moreover, G+G fractionation uncovered an additional set of 36 novel IntI phylotypes (< or =98% amino acid identity) undetected in bulk DNA and revealed the prevalence of potentially functional IntI2 variants in the low-G+C fraction.
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Modesto M, D'Aimmo MR, Stefanini I, Trevisi P, De Filippi S, Casini L, Mazzoni M, Bosi P, Biavati B. A novel strategy to select Bifidobacterium strains and prebiotics as natural growth promoters in newly weaned pigs. Livest Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2008.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Polyphasic study of microbial communities of two Spanish farmhouse goats' milk cheeses from Sierra de Aracena. Food Microbiol 2009; 26:294-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2008.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Revised: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 12/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ramiah K, Ten Doeschate K, Smith R, Dicks LMT. Safety Assessment of Lactobacillus plantarum 423 and Enterococcus mundtii ST4SA Determined in Trials with Wistar Rats. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2009; 1:15-23. [PMID: 26783128 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-009-9010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2008] [Accepted: 02/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Colonization of Lactobacillus plantarum 423 and Enterococcus mundtii ST4SA in the gastro-intestinal tract was determined by using Wistar rats as model. The strains were administered through intragastric gavage over 14 days. FISH with strain-specific oligonucleotide probes indicated that Lact. plantarum 423 adhered to the surfaces of the ileum and the cecum. Enterococcus mundtii ST4SA, on the other hand, adhered to the surfaces of the cecum and colon. Results obtained by DGGE have shown that strains 423 and ST4SA excluded Enterobacteriaceae, but not lactic acid bacteria, from the cecum and colon. No signs of perforation of epithelial cells by strains 423 and ST4SA were detected. The spleen and liver appeared healthy and blood counts were normal, suggesting that the strains are not pathogenic. Both strains produce antimicrobial peptides active against a number of pathogens and may be considered as probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ramiah
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - K Ten Doeschate
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Rob Smith
- Department of Physiology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Leon M T Dicks
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa.
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Kalliomäki M, Salminen S, Isolauri E. Positive interactions with the microbiota: probiotics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2009; 635:57-66. [PMID: 18841703 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-09550-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rigorous research in the field of probiotics is a fairly new phenomenon although first reports about beneficial effects of specific gut bacteria on human health originated already a century ago. A prerequisite for such a scrutiny has been a definition of criteria for probiotics. Recently, novel molecular technologies have characterized both potential targets of probiotic action, like gut microbiota and established and candidate probiotic strains in more detail. We thus propose here revised criteria for selection ofprobiotics. In addition to several promising clinical studies e.g., in the prevention and treatment of atopic eczema, certain probiotics have been found to maintain intestinal equilibrium by enhancing the gut mucosal barrier via manipulation of expression of several their own and the host's genes. Introduction of genetic engineering has provided advanced tools to amend probiotics' properties in the fight against different inflammatory conditions.
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Ballesta S, Velasco C, Victoria Borobio M, Argüelles F, Perea EJ. Yogures frescos frente a pasteurizados: estudio comparativo de sus efectos sobre los parámetros microbiológicos, inmunológicos y el bienestar gastrointestinal. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2008; 26:552-7. [DOI: 10.1157/13128271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Dowd SE, Sun Y, Wolcott RD, Domingo A, Carroll JA. Bacterial Tag–Encoded FLX Amplicon Pyrosequencing (bTEFAP) for Microbiome Studies: Bacterial Diversity in the Ileum of Newly WeanedSalmonella-Infected Pigs. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2008; 5:459-72. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2008.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Scot E. Dowd
- USDA-ARS Livestock Issues Research Unit, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Yan Sun
- Medical Biofilm Research Institute, Lubbock, Texas
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Polyphasic approach to bacterial dynamics during the ripening of Spanish farmhouse cheese, using culture-dependent and -independent methods. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74:5662-73. [PMID: 18658288 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00418-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the dynamics of the microbial population during ripening of Cueva de la Magahá cheese using a combination of classical and molecular techniques. Samples taken during ripening of this Spanish goat's milk cheese in which Lactococcus lactis and Streptococcus thermophilus were used as starter cultures were analyzed. All bacterial isolates were clustered by using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, species-specific PCR, and multiplex PCR. Our results indicate that the majority of the 225 strains isolated and enumerated on solid media during the ripening period were nonstarter lactic acid bacteria, and Lactobacillus paracasei was the most abundant species. Other Lactobacillus species, such as Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus parabuchneri, were also detected at the beginning and end of ripening, respectively. Non-lactic-acid bacteria, mainly Kocuria and Staphylococcus strains, were also detected at the end of the ripening period. Microbial community dynamics determined by temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis provided a more precise estimate of the distribution of bacteria and enabled us to detect Lactobacillus curvatus and the starter bacteria S. thermophilus and L. lactis, which were not isolated. Surprisingly, the bacterium most frequently found using culture-dependent analysis, L. paracasei, was scarcely detected by this molecular approach. Finally, we studied the composition of the lactobacilli and their evolution by using length heterogeneity PCR.
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Rapid determination of the bacterial composition of commercial probiotic products by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2008; 46:608-11. [PMID: 18493222 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0b013e3181660694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Label claims on probiotic products often do not represent the true constituents. With the increased use of probiotics in clinical studies, it is necessary to know the true composition of probiotic products to better interpret study outcomes. We used terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis to rapidly determine the overall bacterial composition of 14 commercial probiotic products and validated the results with species-specific polymerase chain reaction. The results show that many probiotic products contain unadvertised additional lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, whereas others are missing species listed on the product label. In summary, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism is a rapid method for profiling the microbial contents of probiotic products used in clinical studies.
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Prilassnig M, Wenisch C, Daxboeck F, Feierl G. Are probiotics detectable in human feces after oral uptake by healthy volunteers? Wien Klin Wochenschr 2008; 119:456-62. [PMID: 17721765 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-007-0808-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2006] [Accepted: 11/27/2006] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
GOALS Assessment of the presence of probiotic bacteria in feces after oral ingestion. BACKGROUND Probiotic bacteria are said to have beneficial effects on the host. As a precondition for any effect, probiotic strains must survive passage through the gastrointestinal tract. STUDY The feces of seven volunteers were analyzed for the presence of probiotic strains after one week's oral ingestion of each of six commercially available products: E. coli Nissle 0.5-5 x 10(9) cells (Mutaflor), Enterococcus faecium SF 68 7.5 x 10(7) cells (Bioflorin), Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium infantis both 1 x 10(9) cells (Infloran), Lactobacillus gasseri and Bifidobacterium longum both 1 x 10(8) cells (Omniflora), Lactobacillus casei rhamnosus 1 x 10(9) cells (Antibiophilus), and yoghurt enriched with Lactobacillus casei Immunitas 1 x 10(10) cells (Actimel). Ten colonies were selected from each stool sample, and DNA was extracted and typed using random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Typing patterns of the ingested probiotics and the fecal isolates were compared. RESULTS Fingerprints identical to the ingested probiotic strains were recovered from fecal samples of 4/7 volunteers after one week of Mutaflor, from 4/6 after taking Bioflorin, and from 1/6 after Infloran. Cultivation of strains of the same species from fecal specimens was negative after consumption of Antibiophilus, Omniflora and Actimel. CONCLUSIONS After oral consumption of probiotics, E. coli and enterococci could be detected in stool samples (57% and 67%, respectively). In contrast, with only one exception, ingested lactobacilli and bifidobacteria could not be detected in human feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Prilassnig
- 4. Medizinische Abteilung mit Infektions- und Tropenmedizin, SMZ-Süd-Kaiser Franz Josef Spital, Vienna, Austria
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Guarner F, Perdigon G, Corthier G, Salminen S, Koletzko B, Morelli L. Should yoghurt cultures be considered probiotic? Br J Nutr 2007; 93:783-6. [PMID: 16022746 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20051428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are live micro-organisms that when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. Consumption of yoghurt has been shown to induce measurable health benefits linked to the presence of live bacteria. A number of human studies have clearly demonstrated that yoghurt containing viable bacteria (Streptococcus thermophilusandLactobacillus delbrueckiisp.bulgaricus) improves lactose digestion and eliminates symptoms of lactose intolerance. Thus, these cultures clearly fulfil the current concept of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Guarner
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
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Alvaro E, Andrieux C, Rochet V, Rigottier-Gois L, Lepercq P, Sutren M, Galan P, Duval Y, Juste C, Doré J. Composition and metabolism of the intestinal microbiota in consumers and non-consumers of yogurt. Br J Nutr 2007; 97:126-33. [PMID: 17217568 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114507243065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of a regular consumption of yogurt on the composition and metabolism of the human intestinal microbiota. Adult subjects were selected on the basis of daily food records and divided into two groups: yogurt consumers (at least 200 g yogurt consumed per d, n 30); non-consumers (no yogurt, n 21). Their faecal microbiota was analysed using molecular methods (in situ hybridisation and PCR amplification combined with separation by denaturing gel electrophoresis) and its metabolic characteristics were assessed by measuring glycosidase, P-glucuronidase and reductase activities and profiling SCFA, neutral sterols and bile acids. The yogurt starter Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus (identity confirmed by 16S rRNA sequencing) was detected in 73% of faecal samples from fermented milk consumers v. 28% from non-consumers (P=0.003). In yogurt consumers, the level of Enterobacteriaceae was significantly lower (P=0.006) and 13-galactosidase activity was significantly increased (P=0.048). In addition, within this group, 3-galactosidase activity and the Bifidobacterium population were both positively correlated with the amount of fermented milk ingested (r 0.66, P<0.0001 and r 0.43, P=0.018, respectively). Apart from these effects, which can be considered beneficial to the host, no other major differences could be detected regarding the composition and metabolic activity of intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Alvaro
- Unité d'Ecologie et de Physiologie du Système Digestif, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Carmen Collado M, Hernández M. Identification and differentiation of Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Bifidobacterium species in fermented milk products with bifidobacteria. Microbiol Res 2006; 162:86-92. [PMID: 17112712 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2006.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2006] [Revised: 09/05/2006] [Accepted: 09/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify and discriminate bacteria contained in commercial fermented milks with bifidobacteria by the use of amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) techniques. ARDRA of the 16S rDNA gene and RAPD were performed on 13 Lactobacillus strains, 13 Streptococcus and 13 Bifidobacterium strains isolated from commercial fermented milk. Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Streptococcus thermophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis isolates were identified by genus- and species-PCR and also, they were differentiated at genus and species level by ARDRA using MwoI restriction enzyme. The ARDRA technique allowed for the discrimination among these three related genus with the use of only one restriction enzyme, since distinctive profiles were obtained for each genus. Therefore it can be a simple, rapid and useful method for routine identification. Also, RAPD technique allowed the discrimination of all bacteria contained in dairy products, at genus- and strain-level by the performance of one PCR reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmen Collado
- Dpto. Biotecnología. Area Microbiología, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera, 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Maré L, Wolfaardt GM, Dicks LMT. Adhesion of Lactobacillus plantarum 423 and Lactobacillus salivarius 241 to the intestinal tract of piglets, as recorded with fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), and production of plantaricin 423 by cells colonized to the ileum. J Appl Microbiol 2006; 100:838-45. [PMID: 16553740 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02835.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine which intestinal section of pre and postweaned piglets are colonized by Lactobacillus plantarum 423 and Lactobacillus salivarius 241, and follow production of plantaricin 423 in a gastro-intestinal model. METHODS AND RESULTS Lactobacillus plantarum 423 and Lact. salivarius 241, single or in combination, were administered to 1-, 14- and 28-day-old (postweaned) piglets. According to results obtained by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), Lact. plantarum 423 adhered strongly to the ileum and posterior colon and Lact. salivarius 241 to the duodenum in preweaned piglets. High numbers of strain 241 were recorded in the duodenum and posterior colon of postweaned piglets, whereas strain 423 remained localized to the ileum. Lowering in Enterococcus faecalis cell numbers were recorded when preweaned piglets were challenged with strain 241. Plantaricin 423 was produced for 96 h in the ileum section of a gastro-intestinal model. CONCLUSIONS Lactobacillus plantarum 423 and Lact. salivarius 241 adhere to different sections of the intestinal tract, depending on the piglet's age. Ent. faecalis were inhibited in vivo, probably by plantaricin 423. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Fluorescent in situ hybridization proved valuable in the detection of probiotic bacteria adhered to the intestine. This is the first report of bacteriocin production in a model simulating the porcine gastro-intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Maré
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Schillinger U, Guigas C, Heinrich Holzapfel W. In vitro adherence and other properties of lactobacilli used in probiotic yoghurt-like products. Int Dairy J 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2004.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Broom LJ, Miller HM, Kerr KG, Knapp JS. Effects of zinc oxide and Enterococcus faecium SF68 dietary supplementation on the performance, intestinal microbiota and immune status of weaned piglets. Res Vet Sci 2005; 80:45-54. [PMID: 15946717 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2005.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2004] [Accepted: 04/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of zinc oxide (ZnO) and the probiotic Enterococcus faecium SF68 (Cylactin) dietary supplementation on the performance, intestinal microbiota and immune parameters of the weaned piglet reared under commercial conditions. The diets were devoid of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP). Two hundred and eight crossbred piglets were allocated to a 2 x 2 factorial experiment involving two levels of zinc oxide supplementation (0 or 3100 mg ZnO/kg feed), and two levels of E. faecium SF68 supplementation (0 or 1.4 x 10(9)CFU/kg feed (Cylactin ME10)). The diets were offered ad libitum for 20 days post-weaning. Piglet performance was assessed by calculating average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) on a pen basis. In addition, components of the distal ileal digesta, tissue-associated and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) bacterial populations were enumerated and serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentrations were determined on days 6 and 20 post-weaning. Regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between the bacterial populations at the different sites. Supplementation of the post-weaning diet with either ZnO or E. faecium SF68 did not affect piglet performance. E. faecium SF68 did not affect gastrointestinal bacterial populations but did tend to reduce serum IgG (P<0.1) on day 20. Zinc oxide reduced anaerobic (P<0.05) and tended to decrease lactic acid (P<0.1) bacterial translocation to the MLN, and tended to increase intestinal IgA concentration (P<0.1) on day 20. Generally, luminal bacterial populations were found to be poor predictors of tissue-associated or MLN populations. ZnO and E. faecium SF68 dietary supplementation were ineffective under these trial conditions. Further investigations into the possible immunomodulator role of dietary ZnO are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Broom
- School of Biology, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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Erratum to: Evaluation of Five Probiotic Products for Label Claims by DNA Extraction and Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis. Dig Dis Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10620-005-2931-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Drisko J, Bischoff B, Giles C, Adelson M, Rao RVS, McCallum R. Evaluation of five probiotic products for label claims by DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction analysis. Dig Dis Sci 2005; 50:1113-7. [PMID: 15986864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Label claims were evaluated for five probiotic products. Specific oligonucleotide primers were designed for 11 species from the Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Streptococcus genera. Polymerase chain reaction, gel electrophoresis, and amplicon excision with DNA sequencing were performed: Sequence analysis and DNA homology comparisons followed. Bifidobacterium bifidum was not detected in two of the five samples by PCR analysis. Also, Lactobacillus species were found in two of the five product samples for which the species was not listed as an ingredient. We conclude that (1) lack of B. bifidum in two probiotic products may be attributed to different preparation standards among probiotic manufacturers, and (2) identificaition of additional Lactobacillus species may represent contamination of the samples related to the fact that manufacturers utilize shared equipment to produce all probiotics and PCR is a highly sensitive technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Drisko
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Program in Integrative Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA.
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del Campo R, Bravo D, Cantón R, Ruiz-Garbajosa P, García-Albiach R, Montesi-Libois A, Yuste FJ, Abraira V, Baquero F. Scarce evidence of yogurt lactic acid bacteria in human feces after daily yogurt consumption by healthy volunteers. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:547-9. [PMID: 15640233 PMCID: PMC544258 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.1.547-549.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In a double-blind prospective study including 114 healthy young volunteers, the presence in human feces of the yogurt organisms Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Streptococcus thermophilus after repeated yogurt consumption (15 days) was analyzed by culture, specific PCR, and DNA hybridization of total fecal DNA. Detection of yogurt lactic acid bacteria in total fecal DNA by bacterial culture and PCR assay was consistently negative. DNA compatible with yogurt bacteria was found by hybridization experiments in only 10 (10.52%) of 96 individuals after consumption of fresh yogurt and in 2 (2.10%) of 96 individuals after consumption of pasteurized yogurt (P = 0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa del Campo
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Ctra. Colmenar, Km 9.1, Madrid 28.034, Spain.
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Assessment of novel probiotic Lactobacillus casei strains for the production of functional dairy foods. Int Dairy J 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2004.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Jonganurakkun B, Liu XD, Nodasaka Y, Nomizu M, Nishi N. Survival of lactic acid bacteria in simulated gastrointestinal juice protected by a DNA-based complex gel. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2003; 14:1269-81. [PMID: 14768913 DOI: 10.1163/156856203322553482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Salmon milt DNA was utilized in the approach to protect functional materials, proteins, microorganisms, drugs, etc., by forming a DNA-based complex gel with gelatin and kappa-carrageenan. The multiplier effect of the combination of DNA, gelatin and kappa-carrageenan was examined by measuring the release of methyl orange from the gel after being incubated in simulated gastric juice. The results indicated that the hydrogel made of DNA, gelatin and kappa-carrageenan can efficiently maintain the functional materials. Furthermore, a complex gel was developed and optimized by applying an emulsion of lactic acid bacteria and cacao oil onto the already prepared hydrogel. The existence of the lactic acid bacteria in the oil emulsion particles was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The protection capabilities in the simulated gastrointestinal juice, which had a viability of 1.50 x 10(6) CFU/g gel after 2 h incubation in the simulated gastric juice and 2.53 x 10(7) CFU/g gel after 6 h continued incubation in the simulated intestinal juice, were measured, in contrast to 2.58 x 10(7) CPU/g in the original gel before treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamas Jonganurakkun
- Division of Bioscience, Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-08110, Japan
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