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Pugazhendhi AS, Seal A, Hughes M, Kumar U, Kolanthai E, Wei F, Schwartzman JD, Coathup MJ. Extracellular Proteins Isolated from L. acidophilus as an Osteomicrobiological Therapeutic Agent to Reduce Pathogenic Biofilm Formation, Regulate Chronic Inflammation, and Augment Bone Formation In Vitro. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302835. [PMID: 38117082 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a challenging complication that can occur following joint replacement surgery. Efficacious strategies to prevent and treat PJI and its recurrence remain elusive. Commensal bacteria within the gut convey beneficial effects through a defense strategy named "colonization resistance" thereby preventing pathogenic infection along the intestinal surface. This blueprint may be applicable to PJI. The aim is to investigate Lactobacillus acidophilus spp. and their isolated extracellular-derived proteins (LaEPs) on PJI-relevant Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and Escherichia coli planktonic growth and biofilm formation in vitro. The effect of LaEPs on cultured macrophages and osteogenic, and adipogenic human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell differentiation is analyzed. Data show electrostatically-induced probiotic-pathogen species co-aggregation and pathogenic growth inhibition together with LaEP-induced biofilm prevention. LaEPs prime macrophages for enhanced microbial phagocytosis via cathepsin K, reduce lipopolysaccharide-induced DNA damage and receptor activator nuclear factor-kappa B ligand expression, and promote a reparative M2 macrophage morphology under chronic inflammatory conditions. LaEPs also significantly augment bone deposition while abating adipogenesis thus holding promise as a potential multimodal therapeutic strategy. Proteomic analyses highlight high abundance of lysyl endopeptidase, and urocanate reductase. Further, in vivo analyses are warranted to elucidate their role in the prevention and treatment of PJIs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anouska Seal
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | | | - Udit Kumar
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, Nanoscience Technology Center (NSTC), University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| | - Elayaraja Kolanthai
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, Nanoscience Technology Center (NSTC), University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| | - Fei Wei
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | | | - Melanie J Coathup
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
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2
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Bhardwaj RG, Khalaf ME, Karched M. Secretome analysis and virulence assessment in Abiotrophia defectiva. J Oral Microbiol 2024; 16:2307067. [PMID: 38352067 PMCID: PMC10863525 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2024.2307067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Abiotrophia defectiva, although infrequently occurring, is a notable cause of culture-negative infective endocarditis with limited research on its virulence. Associated with oral infections such as dental caries, exploring its secretome may provide insights into virulence mechanisms. Our study aimed to analyze and characterize the secretome of A. defectiva strain CCUG 27639. Methods Secretome of A. defectiva was prepared from broth cultures and subjected to mass spectrometry and proteomics for protein identification. Inflammatory potential of the secretome was assessed by ELISA. Results Eighty-four proteins were identified, with diverse subcellular localizations predicted by PSORTb. Notably, 20 were cytoplasmic, 12 cytoplasmic membrane, 5 extracellular, and 9 cell wall-anchored proteins. Bioinformatics tools revealed 54 proteins secreted via the 'Sec' pathway and 8 via a non-classical pathway. Moonlighting functions were found in 23 proteins, with over 20 exhibiting potential virulence properties, including peroxiredoxin and oligopeptide ABC transporter substrate-binding protein. Gene Ontology and KEGG analyses categorized protein sequences in various pathways. STRING analysis revealed functional protein association networks. Cytokine profiling demonstrated significant proinflammatory cytokine release (IL-8, IL-1β, and CCL5) from human PBMCs. Conclusions Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of A. defectiva's secretome, laying the foundation for insights into its pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika G Bhardwaj
- Oral Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Bioclinical Sciences College of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Mai E Khalaf
- Department of General Dental Practice, College of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Maribasappa Karched
- Oral Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Bioclinical Sciences College of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
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Chan BCL, Li P, Tsang MSM, Sung JCC, Kwong KWY, Zheng T, Hon SSM, Lau CP, Cheng W, Chen F, Lau CBS, Leung PC, Wong CK. Creating a Vaccine-like Supplement against Respiratory Infection Using Recombinant Bacillus subtilis Spores Expressing SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein with Natural Products. Molecules 2023; 28:4996. [PMID: 37446658 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective method of combating COVID-19 infection, but people with a psychological fear of needles and side effects are hesitant to receive the current vaccination, and alternative delivery methods may help. Bacillus subtilis, a harmless intestinal commensal, has recently earned a strong reputation as a vaccine production host and delivery vector, with advantages such as low cost, safety for human consumption, and straightforward oral administration. In this study, we have succeeded generating "S spores" by engineering B. subtilis with spore coat proteins resembling the spike (S) protein of the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. With the addition of two immunostimulating natural products as adjuvants, namely Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge (AM) and Coriolus versicolor (CV), oral administration of S spores could elicit mild immune responses against COVID-19 infection without toxicity. Mucosal IgA against the S protein was enhanced by co-feeding with AM and CV in an S spores-inoculated mouse model. Faster and stronger IgG responses against the S protein were observed when the mice were fed with S spores prior to vaccination with the commercial COVID-19 vaccine CoronaVac. In vitro studies demonstrated that AM, CV, and B. subtilis spores could dose-dependently activate both macrophages and dendritic cells by secreting innate immunity-related IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and some other proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines. In conclusion, the combination of S spores with AM and CV may be helpful in developing a vaccine-like supplement against respiratory infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Chung-Lap Chan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peiting Li
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Miranda Sin-Man Tsang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | | | | | - Tao Zheng
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sharon Sze-Man Hon
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ching-Po Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Clara Bik-San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ping-Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Kwok Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Fatehi Z, Doosti A, Jami MS. Oral vaccination with novel Lactococcus lactis mucosal live vector-secreting Brucella lumazine synthase (BLS) protein induces humoral and cellular immune protection against Brucella abortus. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:122. [PMID: 36939918 PMCID: PMC10025791 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03471-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to provide recombinant Lactococcus lactis as a potential live vector for the manufacture of recombinant Brucella abortus (rBLS-Usp45). The sequences of the genes were collected from the GenBank database. Using Vaxijen and ccSOL, the proteins' immunogenicity and solubility were evaluated. Mice were given oral vaccinations with recombinant L. lactis. Anti-BLS-specific IgG antibodies were measured by ELISA assay. Cytokine reactions were examined using real-time PCR and the ELISA technique. The BLS protein was chosen for immunogenicity based on the vaccinology screening findings since it had maximum solubility and antigenic values of 99% and 0.75, respectively. The BLS gene, digested at 477 bp, was electrophoretically isolated to demonstrate that the recombinant plasmid was successfully produced. Protein-level antigen expression showed that the target group produced the 18 kDa-sized BLS protein, whereas the control group did not express any proteins. In the sera of mice given the L. lactis-pNZ8148-BLS-Usp45 vaccine 14 days after priming, there was a significant level of BLS-specific IgG1, IgG2a (P < 0.001) compared to the PBS control group. Vaccinated mice showed higher levels of IFN-γ, TNFα, IL-4, and IL-10 in samples obtained on days 14 and 28, after receiving the L. lactis-pNZ8148-BLS-Usp45 and IRBA vaccines (P < 0.001). The inflammatory reaction caused less severe spleen injuries, alveolar edema, lymphocyte infiltration, and morphological damage in the target group's spleen sections. Based on our findings, an oral or subunit-based vaccine against brucellosis might be developed using L. lactis-pNZ8148-BLS-Usp45 as a novel, promising, and safe alternative to the live attenuated vaccines now available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Fatehi
- Department of Biology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Abbas Doosti
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Saeid Jami
- Department of Biology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Research Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Wang N, Li J, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang D, Shi C, Li Y, Bergmann SM, Mo X, Yin J, Wang Q. Recombinant Lactococcus lactis Expressing Grass Carp Reovirus VP6 Induces Mucosal Immunity Against Grass Carp Reovirus Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:914010. [PMID: 35634331 PMCID: PMC9132009 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.914010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Grass carp haemorrhagic disease caused by grass carp reovirus II is a serious disease of the aquaculture industry and vaccination is the only effective method of GCRV protection. In this study, Lactococcus lactis was used as oral vaccine delivery to express the GCRV II VP6 protein. We evaluated the protective efficacy of the live vaccine strain to induce mucosal immune protection. After oral administration, the recombinant strains remained in the hindgut for antigen presentation and increased the survival rate 46.7% and the relative percent survival 42.9%, respectively versus control vaccination. Though L. lactis alone can induce the inflammatory response by stimulating the mucosal immune system, the recombinant L. lactis expressing VP6 greatly enhanced nonspecific immune responses via expression of immune related genes of the fish. Furthermore, both systemic and mucosal immunity was elicited following oral immunization with the recombinant strain and this strain also elicited an inflammatory response and cellular immunity to enhance the protective effect. L. lactis can therefore be utilized as a mucosal immune vector to trigger high levels of immune protection in fish at both the systemic and mucosal levels. L. lactis is a promising candidate for oral vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Li
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Defeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cunbin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sven M Bergmann
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Xubing Mo
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiyuan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Hui W, Zhang W, Li J, Kwok LY, Zhang H, Kong J, Sun T. Functional analysis of the second methyltransferase in the bacteriophage exclusion system of Lactobacillus casei Zhang. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:2049-2057. [PMID: 34998557 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The antiphage ability is an important feature of fermentation strains in the dairy industry. Our previous work described the bacteriophage exclusion (BREX) system in the probiotic strain, Lactobacillus casei Zhang. The function of L. casei Zhang pglX gene in mediating 5'-ACRCm6AG-3' methylation was also confirmed. This study aimed to further dissect the function of the BREX system of L. casei Zhang by inactivating its second methyltransferase gene (LCAZH_2054). The methylome of the mutant, L. casei Zhang Δ2054, was profiled by single-molecule real-time sequencing. Then, the cell morphology, growth, plasmid transformation efficiency, and stability of the wildtype and mutant were compared. The mutant did not have an observable effect in microscopic and colony morphology, but it reached a higher cell density after entering the exponential phase without obvious increase in the cell viability. The mutant had fewer 5'-ACRCm6AG-3' methylation compared with the wildtype (1835 versus 1906). Interestingly, no significant difference was observed in the transformation efficiency between the 2 strains when plasmids without cognate recognition sequence (pSec:Leiss:Nuc and pG+host9) were transformed, contrasting to transforming cells with cognate recognition sequence-containing plasmids (pMSP3535 and pTRKH2). The efficiency of transforming pMSP3535 into the LCAZH_2054 mutant was significantly lower than the wildtype, whereas an opposite trend was seen in pTRKH2 transformation. Moreover, compared with the wildtype, the mutant strain had higher capacity in retaining pMSP3535 and lower capacity in retaining pTRKH2, suggesting an unequal tolerance level to different foreign DNA. In conclusion, LCAZH_2054 was not directly responsible for 5'-ACRCm6AG-3' methylation in L. casei Zhang, but it might help regulate the function and specificity of the BREX system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Hui
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China
| | - Lai-Yu Kwok
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China
| | - Jian Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China.
| | - Tiansong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China.
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Pan C, Yue H, Zhu L, Ma GH, Wang HL. Prophylactic vaccine delivery systems against epidemic infectious diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113867. [PMID: 34280513 PMCID: PMC8285224 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Prophylactic vaccines have evolved from traditional whole-cell vaccines to safer subunit vaccines. However, subunit vaccines still face problems, such as poor immunogenicity and low efficiency, while traditional adjuvants are usually unable to meet specific response needs. Advanced delivery vectors are important to overcome these barriers; they have favorable safety and effectiveness, tunable properties, precise location, and immunomodulatory capabilities. Nevertheless, there has been no systematic summary of the delivery systems to cover a wide range of infectious pathogens. We herein summarized and compared the delivery systems for major or epidemic infectious diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. We also included the newly licensed vaccines (e.g., COVID-19 vaccines) and those close to licensure. Furthermore, we highlighted advanced delivery systems with high efficiency, cross-protection, or long-term protection against epidemic pathogens, and we put forward prospects and thoughts on the development of future prophylactic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Hua Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Guang-Hui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Heng-Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, PR China.
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8
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Lin CH, Chen JJ, Cheng CM. Developing a Virus-Binding Bacterium Expressing Mx Protein on the Bacterial Surface to Prevent Grouper Nervous Necrosis Virus Infection. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:1088-1097. [PMID: 34226401 PMCID: PMC9705906 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2103.03036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Grouper nervous necrosis virus (GNNV) infection causes mass grouper mortality, leading to substantial economic loss in Taiwan. Traditional methods of controlling GNNV infections involve the challenge of controlling disinfectant doses; low doses are ineffective, whereas high doses may cause environmental damage. Identifying potential methods to safely control GNNV infection to prevent viral outbreaks is essential. We engineered a virus-binding bacterium expressing a myxovirus resistance (Mx) protein on its surface for GNNV removal from phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), thus increasing the survival of grouper fin (GF-1) cells. We fused the grouper Mx protein (which recognizes and binds to the coat protein of GNNV) to the C-terminus of outer membrane lipoprotein A (lpp-Mx) and to the N-terminus of a bacterial autotransporter adhesin (Mx-AIDA); these constructs were expressed on the surfaces of Escherichia coli BL21 (BL21/lpp-Mx and BL21/Mx-AIDA). We examined bacterial surface expression capacity and GNNV binding activity through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; we also evaluated the GNNV removal efficacy of the bacteria and viral cytotoxicity after bacterial adsorption treatment. Although both constructs were successfully expressed, only BL21/lpp-Mx exhibited GNNV binding activity; BL21/lpp-Mx cells removed GNNV and protected GF-1 cells from GNNV infection more efficiently. Moreover, salinity affected the GNNV removal efficacy of BL21/lpp-Mx. Thus, our GNNV-binding bacterium is an efficient microparticle for removing GNNV from 10‰ brackish water and for preventing GNNV infection in groupers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hua Lin
- Ph.D. Program of Aquatic Science and Technology in Industry, College of Hydrosphere Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 80778, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Jie Chen
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 80778, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Min Cheng
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 80778, Taiwan,Corresponding author Phone: +886-7-3617141#23713 Fax: +886-7-6112025 E-mail:
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Shirdast H, Ebrahimzadeh F, Taromchi AH, Mortazavi Y, Esmaeilzadeh A, Sekhavati MH, Nedaei K, Mirabzadeh E. Recombinant Lactococcus Lactis Displaying Omp31 Antigen of Brucella melitensis Can Induce an Immunogenic Response in BALB/c Mice. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:80-89. [PMID: 32661939 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09684-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Since Brucella infection mostly occurs through the mucosal surfaces, immune response induced by vaccine that is delivered by a way of mucosal route can be drastically enhanced to control the brucellosis. Omp31is the major outer membrane protein of Brucella, and is considered as a protective antigen against Brucella infection. Accordingly, Lactococcus lactis has been used as an antigen-delivering vector to develop a vaccine-induced mucosal response for having a safer vaccination against brucellosis. A designed omp31 gene fused to the usp45 signal peptide and M6 cell wall anchor was sub cloned in the pNZ7021 expression vector, and a recombinant L. lactis displaying Omp31 was constructed. Omp31 protein expression was confirmed using Western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. Animals were orally and intraperitoneally immunized with live or killed L. lactis expressing Omp31, respectively. The humoral and cellular immune responses were evaluated by measuring the specific cytokines and antibodies. sIgA, serum IgA, IgM, and total IgG antibodies significantly increased in the mice immunized with live recombinant L. lactis expressing Omp31 and also serum IgM, and total IgG antibodies significantly increased in mice immunized with killed recombinant L. lactis expressing Omp31. Among IgG subtypes, IgG2a response was significantly higher in both groups compared to IgG1. In mice groups immunized with recombinant L. lactis, the IFN-γ and IL-10 level elevated; however, there was no change in the level of IL-4. These results indicated that recombinants L. lactis induce both humoral and cellular immune responses in mice, and also vaccines based on L. lactis-derived live carriers are promising interventions against Brucella melitensis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Shirdast
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Taromchi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran. .,Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Yousef Mortazavi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Keivan Nedaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Esmat Mirabzadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Rezaei M, Rabbani-Khorasgani M, Zarkesh-Esfahani SH, Emamzadeh R, Abtahi H. Lactococcus-based vaccine against brucellosis: IgG immune response in mice with rOmp16-IL2 fusion protein. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:2591-2596. [PMID: 33689001 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02241-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to introduce the recombinant Lactococcus lactis MG1363 as a cell factory candidate for production of recombinant Brucella melitensis Omp16-Human IL2 (r-Omp16-IL2) and to suggest it as a promising safe, non-pathogenic mucosal live vaccine against brucellosis. Three groups of BALB/c mice (10 mice per group) were intragastrically administrated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), L. lactis harboring the empty pAMJ2008 plasmid and with L. lactis expressing rOmp-IL2. The first two groups were classified as control groups and the third one is indicated as treatment group. Another group was injected by the intraperitoneal (i.p.) route with purified rOmp16-IL2 protein. The total serum IgG of each group was assessed with indirect ELISAs at two days before immunization and also two weeks after the last immunization. Results showed that BALB/c mice intragastrically administrated with L. lactis expressing rOmp-IL2 had dominant IgG response compared to the control (PBS administrated) group (P < 0.05). The level of IgG was significantly increased by intraperitoneally injection of recombinant Omp-IL2 in adjuvant compared to the intragastrically administration of PBS and L. lactis/pAMJ2008 as control groups, and also compared to L. lactis/pAMJ2008-rOmp-IL2 (P < 0.05). Our findings provide the use of L. lactis rOmp16-IL2 as a new promising alternative safe strategy than presently live attenuated vaccines toward developing an oral vaccine or subunit-based vaccine against brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Rezaei
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Biotechnology, University of Isfahan, 817467344, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohammad Rabbani-Khorasgani
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Biotechnology, University of Isfahan, 817467344, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Sayyed Hamid Zarkesh-Esfahani
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Biotechnology, University of Isfahan, 817467344, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Rahman Emamzadeh
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Biotechnology, University of Isfahan, 817467344, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hamid Abtahi
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, Islamic Republic of Iran
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11
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Plasmid Replicons for the Production of Pharmaceutical-Grade pDNA, Proteins and Antigens by Lactococcus lactis Cell Factories. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031379. [PMID: 33573129 PMCID: PMC7866527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Lactococcus lactis bacterium found in different natural environments is traditionally associated with the fermented food industry. But recently, its applications have been spreading to the pharmaceutical industry, which has exploited its probiotic characteristics and is moving towards its use as cell factories for the production of added-value recombinant proteins and plasmid DNA (pDNA) for DNA vaccination, as a safer and industrially profitable alternative to the traditional Escherichia coli host. Additionally, due to its food-grade and generally recognized safe status, there have been an increasing number of studies about its use in live mucosal vaccination. In this review, we critically systematize the plasmid replicons available for the production of pharmaceutical-grade pDNA and recombinant proteins by L. lactis. A plasmid vector is an easily customized component when the goal is to engineer bacteria in order to produce a heterologous compound in industrially significant amounts, as an alternative to genomic DNA modifications. The additional burden to the cell depends on plasmid copy number and on the expression level, targeting location and type of protein expressed. For live mucosal vaccination applications, besides the presence of the necessary regulatory sequences, it is imperative that cells produce the antigen of interest in sufficient yields. The cell wall anchored antigens had shown more promising results in live mucosal vaccination studies, when compared with intracellular or secreted antigens. On the other side, engineering L. lactis to express membrane proteins, especially if they have a eukaryotic background, increases the overall cellular burden. The different alternative replicons for live mucosal vaccination, using L. lactis as the DNA vaccine carrier or the antigen producer, are critically reviewed, as a starting platform to choose or engineer the best vector for each application.
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12
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Tavares LM, de Jesus LCL, da Silva TF, Barroso FAL, Batista VL, Coelho-Rocha ND, Azevedo V, Drumond MM, Mancha-Agresti P. Novel Strategies for Efficient Production and Delivery of Live Biotherapeutics and Biotechnological Uses of Lactococcus lactis: The Lactic Acid Bacterium Model. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:517166. [PMID: 33251190 PMCID: PMC7672206 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.517166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are traditionally used in fermentation and food preservation processes and are recognized as safe for consumption. Recently, they have attracted attention due to their health-promoting properties; many species are already widely used as probiotics for treatment or prevention of various medical conditions, including inflammatory bowel diseases, infections, and autoimmune disorders. Some LAB, especially Lactococcus lactis, have been engineered as live vehicles for delivery of DNA vaccines and for production of therapeutic biomolecules. Here, we summarize work on engineering of LAB, with emphasis on the model LAB, L. lactis. We review the various expression systems for the production of heterologous proteins in Lactococcus spp. and its use as a live delivery system of DNA vaccines and for expression of biotherapeutics using the eukaryotic cell machinery. We have included examples of molecules produced by these expression platforms and their application in clinical disorders. We also present the CRISPR-Cas approach as a novel methodology for the development and optimization of food-grade expression of useful substances, and detail methods to improve DNA delivery by LAB to the gastrointestinal tract. Finally, we discuss perspectives for the development of medical applications of recombinant LABs involving animal model studies and human clinical trials, and we touch on the main safety issues that need to be taken into account so that bioengineered versions of these generally recognized as safe organisms will be considered acceptable for medical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laísa M Tavares
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luís C L de Jesus
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tales F da Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernanda A L Barroso
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Viviane L Batista
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nina D Coelho-Rocha
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mariana M Drumond
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pamela Mancha-Agresti
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,FAMINAS - BH, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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13
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Senevirathne A, Hewawaduge C, Lee JH. Live vaccine consisting of attenuated Salmonella secreting and delivering Brucella ribosomal protein L7/L12 induces humoral and cellular immune responses and protects mice against virulent Brucella abortus 544 challenge. Vet Res 2020; 51:6. [PMID: 31973749 PMCID: PMC6979349 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-0735-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study employs the Brucella abortus L7/L12 antigen in a Salmonella secretion platform and investigates its ability to induce protective immune responses against wild type challenge in BALB/c mice. The highly conserved L7/L12 open reading frame was PCR amplified from B. abortus and cloned into a prokaryotic expression vector, pJHL65, directly under the beta-lactamase secretory signal. The plasmid constructs pJHL65::L7/L12 was then transformed into an attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium strain, JOL1800 (∆lon, ∆cpxR, ∆asd, and ∆rfaL), and protein secretion was verified by Western blot. Three mice groups were inoculated with either phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), vector-only control, or the vaccine strain secreting L7/L12 antigen. Assessment of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses revealed successful elicitation of Brucella antigen-specific Th1 and Th2 immune responses that were significantly higher than PBS and vector control groups. The immune responses were confirmed by splenocyte proliferation assay, flow cytometry analysis for CD4+ and CD8+ markers, and RT-PCR based cytokine profiling upon restimulation with L7/L12 purified antigen. Results indicate that immunization with Salmonella secreting L7/L12 antigen demonstrated significant enhancement of cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses in immunized mice. The overall effectiveness of the immunization was evaluated by challenging with virulent B. abortus that revealed significant reduction in Brucella colonization in spleen and liver tissues in Salmonella L7/L12 immunized mice. Delivery of Brucella protective antigen L7/L12 using the Salmonella secretion system can effectively accomplish immunogenic advantages of both Salmonella and L7/L12 to derive robust CMI responses and induce humoral immunity to protect against Brucella infection in the mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Senevirathne
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Chamith Hewawaduge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hwa Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Mucosal delivery of live Lactococcus lactis expressing functionally active JlpA antigen induces potent local immune response and prevent enteric colonization of Campylobacter jejuni in chickens. Vaccine 2020; 38:1630-1642. [PMID: 31932136 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Successful colonization of the mucosal epithelial cells is the key early step for Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) pathogenesis in humans. A set of Surface Exposed Colonization Proteins (SECPs) are known to take leading role in bacterial adhesion and subsequent host pathogenesis. Among the major SECPs, the constitutively expressed C. jejuni surface lipoprotein Jejuni lipoprotein A (JlpA), interacts with intestinal heat shock protein 90α (Hsp90α) and contributes in disease progression by triggering pro-inflammatory responses via activation of NF-κB and p38 MAP kinase pathways. In addition to its ability to express on the surface, high sequence conservation of JlpA protein among different Campylobacter spp make it a suitable vaccine target against C. jejuni. Given that chickens are the primary source for C. jejuni infection in humans and persistent cecal colonization significantly contribute in pathogen transmission, we explicitly used chickens as a model to test the immune-protective efficacy of JlpA protein. Taking into account that gastro-intestinal tract is the major site for C. jejuni colonization, we chose to use mucosal (intragastric) route as mode for JlpA antigen delivery. To deliver JlpA via mucosal route, we engineered a food grade Lactic acid producing bacteria, Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) to express functionally active JlpA protein in the surface. Further, we demonstrated its ability to substantially improve the antigen specific local immune responses in the intestine along with significant immune-protection against enteric colonization of C. jejuni in chickens.
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15
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Combinatorial cell surface display system in Escherichia coli for noninvasive colorectal cancer detection. JOURNAL OF BIO-X RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1097/jbr.0000000000000052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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16
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Rezaei M, Rabbani Khorasgani M, Zarkesh Esfahani SH, Emamzadeh R, Abtahi H. Production of Brucella melitensis Omp16 protein fused to the human interleukin 2 in Lactococcus lactis MG1363 toward developing a Lactococcus-based vaccine against brucellosis. Can J Microbiol 2019; 66:39-45. [PMID: 31574230 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2019-0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The use of the food-grade bacterium Lactococcus lactis as a new cell factory is a promising alternative expression system for producing a desired protein. The Omp16-IL2 fusion protein antigen was cloned, expressed, and purified in this study. The Omp16-IL2 fusion gene was designed and cloned in pGH plasmid with appropriate restriction sites and subcloned in pAMJ2008 expression vector digested with the same enzymes. The purified recombinant constructed pAMJ-rOmp-IL2 was introduced into L. lactis subsp. cremoris MG1363 by electrotransformation. Finally, the expression and purification of Omp16-IL2 fusion protein was investigated. This study reports the construction of a recombinant L. lactis expressing the Omp16-IL2 fusion protein as an oral Lactococcus-based vaccine, as compared with commonly used live attenuated vaccines, for future studies against brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Rezaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | | | | | - Rahman Emamzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hamid Abtahi
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, Islamic Republic of Iran
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17
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A Novel Bacteriophage Exclusion (BREX) System Encoded by the pglX Gene in Lactobacillus casei Zhang. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.01001-19. [PMID: 31399407 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01001-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacteriophage exclusion (BREX) system is a novel prokaryotic defense system against bacteriophages. To our knowledge, no study has systematically characterized the function of the BREX system in lactic acid bacteria. Lactobacillus casei Zhang is a probiotic bacterium originating from koumiss. By using single-molecule real-time sequencing, we previously identified N6-methyladenine (m6A) signatures in the genome of L. casei Zhang and a putative methyltransferase (MTase), namely, pglX This work further analyzed the genomic locus near the pglX gene and identified it as a component of the BREX system. To decipher the biological role of pglX, an L. casei Zhang pglX mutant (ΔpglX) was constructed. Interestingly, m6A methylation of the 5'-ACRCAG-3' motif was eliminated in the ΔpglX mutant. The wild-type and mutant strains exhibited no significant difference in morphology or growth performance in de Man-Rogosa-Sharpe (MRS) medium. A significantly higher plasmid acquisition capacity was observed for the ΔpglX mutant than for the wild type if the transformed plasmids contained pglX recognition sites (i.e., 5'-ACRCAG-3'). In contrast, no significant difference was observed in plasmid transformation efficiency between the two strains when plasmids lacking pglX recognition sites were tested. Moreover, the ΔpglX mutant had a lower capacity to retain the plasmids than the wild type, suggesting a decrease in genetic stability. Since the Rebase database predicted that the L. casei PglX protein was bifunctional, as both an MTase and a restriction endonuclease, the PglX protein was heterologously expressed and purified but failed to show restriction endonuclease activity. Taken together, the results show that the L. casei Zhang pglX gene is a functional adenine MTase that belongs to the BREX system.IMPORTANCE Lactobacillus casei Zhang is a probiotic that confers beneficial effects on the host, and it is thus increasingly used in the dairy industry. The possession of an effective bacterial immune system that can defend against invasion of phages and exogenous DNA is a desirable feature for industrial bacterial strains. The bacteriophage exclusion (BREX) system is a recently described phage resistance system in prokaryotes. This work confirmed the function of the BREX system in L. casei and that the methyltransferase (pglX) is an indispensable part of the system. Overall, our study characterizes a BREX system component gene in lactic acid bacteria.
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18
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López-Santiago R, Sánchez-Argáez AB, De Alba-Núñez LG, Baltierra-Uribe SL, Moreno-Lafont MC. Immune Response to Mucosal Brucella Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1759. [PMID: 31481953 PMCID: PMC6710357 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the most prevalent bacterial zoonosis of worldwide distribution. The disease is caused by Brucella spp., facultative intracellular pathogens. Brucellosis in animals results in abortion of fetuses, while in humans, it frequently manifests flu-like symptoms and a typical undulant fever, being osteoarthritis a common complication of the chronic infection. The two most common ways to acquire the infection in humans are through the ingestion of contaminated dairy products or by inhalation of contaminated aerosols. Brucella spp. enter the body mainly through the gastrointestinal and respiratory mucosa; however, most studies of immune response to Brucella spp. are performed analyzing models of systemic immunity. It is necessary to better understand the mucosal immune response induced by Brucella infection since this is the main entry site for the bacterium. In this review, some virulence factors and the mechanisms needed for pathogen invasion and persistence are discussed. Furthermore, some aspects of local immune responses induced during Brucella infection will be reviewed. With this knowledge, better vaccines can be designed focused on inducing protective mucosal immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén López-Santiago
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Beatriz Sánchez-Argáez
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Liliana Gabriela De Alba-Núñez
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Martha Cecilia Moreno-Lafont
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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19
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Azizpour Maghvan M, Jafari P, Hoseini SD, Behrozikhah AM. Cloning and Expression of B. mellitensis bp26 Gene in Lactococcus lactis as a Food Grade Vaccine. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2019; 11:264-267. [PMID: 31380001 PMCID: PMC6626509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucellosis is still an important health problem in under developing countries and researches for finding efficient vaccine are going on. Brucella melitensis (B. mellitensis) bp26 gene is a good candidate for brucellosis vaccine and investigations showed that Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) with several positive characteristic are attractive for protein expression as a live delivery vectors. These fast growing bacteria need no aeration, are easy to handle, have no exotoxin, endotoxin and protease, so the cost of culturing is inexpensive. METHODS B. mellitensis bp26 gene was cloned in food grade pNZ 8149 vector and expressed in L. lactis NZ 3900. RESULTS Results showed that we can produce a food-grade recombinant L. lactis producing the B. melitensis BP26 protein. CONCLUSION In this study, for Future evaluation about ability of L. lactis as a live delivery vector, a food-grade recombinant L. lactis producing the B. melitensis BP26 protein was produced.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parvaneh Jafari
- Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, Arak, Iran
| | - Seyed Davood Hoseini
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization, Arak, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Behrozikhah
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
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20
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Karched M, Bhardwaj RG, Tiss A, Asikainen S. Proteomic Analysis and Virulence Assessment of Granulicatella adiacens Secretome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:104. [PMID: 31069174 PMCID: PMC6491454 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite reports on the occurrence of Granulicatella adiacens in infective endocarditis, few mechanistic studies on its virulence characteristics or pathogenicity are available. Proteins secreted by this species may act as determinants of host-microbe interaction and play a role in virulence. Our aim in this study was to investigate and functionally characterize the secretome of G. adiacens. Proteins in the secretome preparation were digested by trypsin and applied to nanoLC-ESI-MS/MS. By using a combined mass spectrometry and bioinformatics approach, we identified 101 proteins. Bioinformatics tools predicting subcellular localization revealed that 18 of the secreted proteins possessed signal sequence. More than 20% of the secretome proteins were putative virulence proteins including serine protease, superoxide dismutase, aminopeptidase, molecular chaperone DnaK, and thioredoxin. Ribosomal proteins, molecular chaperones, and glycolytic enzymes, together known as "moonlighting proteins," comprised fifth of the secretome proteins. By Gene Ontology analysis, more than 60 proteins of the secretome were grouped in biological processes or molecular functions. KEGG pathway analysis disclosed that the secretome consisted of enzymes involved in biosynthesis of antibiotics. Cytokine profiling revealed that secreted proteins stimulated key cytokines, such as IL-1β, MCP-1, TNF-α, and RANTES from human PBMCs. In summary, the results from the current investigation of the G. adiacens secretome provide a basis for understanding possible pathogenic mechanisms of G. adiacens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maribasappa Karched
- Oral Microbiology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Radhika G Bhardwaj
- Oral Microbiology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ali Tiss
- Functional Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Sirkka Asikainen
- Oral Microbiology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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21
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Jiang B, Li Z, Ou B, Duan Q, Zhu G. Targeting ideal oral vaccine vectors based on probiotics: a systematical view. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:3941-3953. [PMID: 30915504 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09770-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics have great potential to be engineered into oral vaccine delivery systems, which can facilitate elicitation of mucosal immunity without latent risks of pathogenicity. Combined with the progressive understanding of probiotics and the mucosal immune system as well as the advanced biotechniques of genetic engineering, the development of promising oral vaccine vectors based on probiotics is available while complicated and demanding. Therefore, a systematical view on the design of practical probiotic vectors is necessary, which will help to logically analyze and resolve the problems that might be neglected during our exploration. Here, we attempt to systematically summarize several fundamental issues vital to the effectiveness of the vector of probiotics, including the stability of the engineered vectors, the optimization of antigen expression, the improvement of colonization, and the enhancement of immunoreactivity. We also compared the existent strategies and some developing ones, attempting to figure out an optimal strategy that might deserve to be referred in the future development of oral vaccine vectors based on probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zhendong Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Bingming Ou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,College of Life Science, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, 526061, China
| | - Qiangde Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China. .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China. .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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22
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Probiotic Lactobacillus spp. act Against Helicobacter pylori-induced Inflammation. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8010090. [PMID: 30646625 PMCID: PMC6352136 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial species, Helicobacter pylori, is associated with several gastrointestinal diseases, and poses serious health threats owing to its resistance to antibiotics. Lactobacillus spp., on the other hand, possess probiotic activities that have beneficial effects in humans. However, the mechanisms by which Lactobacillus spp. harbor favorable functions and act against H. pylori infection remain to be explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of bacterial strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus acidophilus, termed GMNL-74 and GMNL-185, respectively, to inhibit H. pylori growth and inflammation. Our results showed that GMNL-74 and GMNL-185 possess potent antimicrobial activity against multidrug resistant (MDR)-H. pylori. In addition, an in vitro cell-based model revealed that the inhibition of H. pylori adhesion and invasion of gastric epithelial cells and interleukin-8 production were significantly decreased by treatment with both the Lactobacillus strains. In vivo studies demonstrated that colonization of H. pylori and induced inflammation in the mouse stomach were also alleviated by these Lactobacillus strains. Furthermore, the abundance of beneficial gut bacteria, including Bifidobacterium spp. and Akkermansia muciniphilia, were significantly increased in H. pylori-infected mice treated with GMNL-74 and GMNL-185. These results demonstrate that Lactobacillus spp. ameliorate H. pylori-induced inflammation and supports beneficial gut specific bacteria that act against H. pylori infection.
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23
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A Cell Surface Aggregation-Promoting Factor from Lactobacillus gasseri Contributes to Inhibition of Trichomonas vaginalis Adhesion to Human Vaginal Ectocervical Cells. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00907-17. [PMID: 29784856 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00907-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichomoniasis, a prevalent sexually transmitted infection, is commonly symptomatic in women. The causative agent is Trichomonas vaginalis, an extracellular protozoan parasite. The host-protective mechanisms and molecules of vaginal lactobacilli that counteract this pathogen are largely unknown. This study examines the inhibition promoted by Lactobacillus gasseri against the adhesion of T. vaginalis to host cells, a critical virulence aspect of this pathogen. We observed that the vaginal strain L. gasseri ATCC 9857 is highly inhibitory by various contact-dependent mechanisms and that surface proteins are largely responsible for this inhibitory phenotype. We found that the aggregation-promoting factor APF-2 from these bacteria significantly contributes to inhibition of the adhesion of T. vaginalis to human vaginal ectocervical cells. Understanding the molecules and mechanisms used by lactobacilli to protect the host against T. vaginalis might help in the development of novel and specific therapeutic strategies that take advantage of the natural microbiota.
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Redesigning of Microbial Cell Surface and Its Application to Whole-Cell Biocatalysis and Biosensors. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 185:396-418. [PMID: 29168153 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2662-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microbial cell surface display technology can redesign cell surfaces with functional proteins and peptides to endow cells some unique features. Foreign peptides or proteins are transported out of cells and immobilized on cell surface by fusing with anchoring proteins, which is an effective solution to avoid substance transfer limitation, enzyme purification, and enzyme instability. As the most frequently used prokaryotic and eukaryotic protein surface display system, bacterial and yeast surface display systems have been widely applied in vaccine, biocatalysis, biosensor, bioadsorption, and polypeptide library screening. In this review of bacterial and yeast surface display systems, different cell surface display mechanisms and their applications in biocatalysis as well as biosensors are described with their strengths and shortcomings. In addition to single enzyme display systems, multi-enzyme co-display systems are presented here. Finally, future developments based on our and other previous reports are discussed.
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Nisin-induced expression of recombinant T cell epitopes of major Japanese cedar pollen allergens in Lactococcus lactis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 102:261-268. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8579-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yagnik B, Sharma D, Padh H, Desai P. Immunization with r-Lactococcus lactis expressing outer membrane protein A of Shigella dysenteriae type-1: evaluation of oral and intranasal route of administration. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 122:493-505. [PMID: 27860045 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the comparative immunogenic potential of food grade Lactococcus lactis expressing outer membrane protein A (OmpA) of Shigella dysenteriae type-1 (SD-1) when administered either orally or intranasally. METHODS AND RESULTS OmpA of SD-1 was cloned and expressed first in Escherichia coli and then in L. lactis. Presence of recombinant gene was confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and immunoblot analysis. Using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, OmpA was purified from recombinant E. coliBL21 (DE3) and subcutaneously administered in BALB/c mice. Detection of OmpA-specific IgG antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) confirmed the immunogenicity of OmpA. In order to establish r-L. lactis as a mucosal delivery vehicle, it was administered orally and nasally in BALB/c mice. Serum IgG and faecal IgA were assessed through ELISA to compare the relative potential of immunization routes and immunogenic potential of r-L. lactis. Immunization via the oral route proved superior to intranasal exposure. CONCLUSION Recombinant L. lactis expressing OmpA of SD-1 was found to be immunogenic. Oral administration of r-L. lactis elicited higher systemic and mucosal immune response when compared with the nasal route. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Using food grade recombinant L. lactis has implications in the development of a prophylactic against multidrug-resistant Shigella, which can be used as a prospective vaccine candidate. Evaluating mucosal routes of immunization demonstrated that the oral route of administration elicited better immune response against OmpA of Shigella.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Yagnik
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Ahmedabad, 380054, Gujarat, India.,B. R. D School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidhyanagar, 388120, Gujarat, India
| | - D Sharma
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Ahmedabad, 380054, Gujarat, India.,B. R. D School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidhyanagar, 388120, Gujarat, India
| | - H Padh
- Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidhyanagar, 388120, Gujarat, India
| | - P Desai
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Ahmedabad, 380054, Gujarat, India
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Michon C, Langella P, Eijsink VGH, Mathiesen G, Chatel JM. Display of recombinant proteins at the surface of lactic acid bacteria: strategies and applications. Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:70. [PMID: 27142045 PMCID: PMC4855500 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are promising vectors of choice to deliver active molecules to mucosal tissues. They are recognized as safe by the World Health Organization and some strains have probiotic properties. The wide range of potential applications of LAB-driven mucosal delivery includes control of inflammatory bowel disease, vaccine delivery, and management of auto-immune diseases. Because of this potential, strategies for the display of proteins at the surface of LAB are gaining interest. To display a protein at the surface of LAB, a signal peptide and an anchor domain are necessary. The recombinant protein can be attached to the membrane layer, using a transmembrane anchor or a lipoprotein-anchor, or to the cell wall, by a covalent link using sortase mediated anchoring via the LPXTG motif, or by non-covalent liaisons employing binding domains such as LysM or WxL. Both the stability and functionality of the displayed proteins will be affected by the kind of anchor used. The most commonly surfaced exposed recombinant proteins produced in LAB are antigens and antibodies and the most commonly used LAB are lactococci and lactobacilli. Although it is not necessarily so that surface-display is the preferred localization in all cases, it has been shown that for certain applications, such as delivery of the human papillomavirus E7 antigen, surface-display elicits better biological responses, compared to cytosolic expression or secretion. Recent developments include the display of peptides and proteins targeting host cell receptors, for the purpose of enhancing the interactions between LAB and host. Surface-display technologies have other potential applications, such as degradation of biomass, which is of importance for some potential industrial applications of LAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Michon
- />Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - P. Langella
- />Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - V. G. H. Eijsink
- />Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - G. Mathiesen
- />Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - J. M. Chatel
- />Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Trombert A. Recombinant lactic acid bacteria as delivery vectors of heterologous antigens: the future of vaccination? Benef Microbes 2016; 6:313-24. [PMID: 25245573 DOI: 10.3920/bm2014.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Lactic acid bacteria (LABs) are good candidates for the development of new oral vaccines and are attractive alternatives to attenuated pathogens. This review focuses on the use of wild-type and recombinant lactococci and lactobacilli with emphasis on their molecular design, immunomodulation and treatment of bacterial infections. The majority of studies related to recombinant LABs have focused on Lactococcus lactis, however, molecular tools have been successfully used for Lactobacillus spp. RESEARCH Recombinant lactobacilli and lactococci have several health benefits, such as immunomodulation, restoration of the microbiota, synthesis of antimicrobial substances and inhibition of virulence factors. In addition, protective immune responses that are well tolerated are induced by the expression of heterologous antigens from recombinant probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Trombert
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Piramide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile
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Implementation of the agmatine-controlled expression system for inducible gene expression in Lactococcus lactis. Microb Cell Fact 2015; 14:208. [PMID: 26715338 PMCID: PMC4696319 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactococcus lactis has been safely consumed in fermented foods for millennia. This Gram-positive bacterium has now become of industrial importance as an expression host for the overproduction of lipopolysaccharide-free recombinant proteins used as food ingredients, therapeutic proteins and biotechnological enzymes. RESULTS This paper reports an agmatine-controlled expression (ACE) system for L. lactis, comprising the lactococcal agmatine-sensor/transcriptional activator AguR and its target promoter P(aguB). The usefulness and efficiency of this system was checked via the reporter gene gfp and by producing PEP (Myxococcus xanthus prolyl-endopeptidase), an enzyme of biomedical interest able to degrade the immunotoxic peptides produced during the gastrointestinal breakdown of gluten. CONCLUSION The ACE system developed in this work was suitable for the efficient expression of the functional recombinant proteins GFP and PEP. The expression system was tightly regulated by the agmatine concentration and allowed high protein production without leakiness.
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Factors Affecting Inducible Expression of Outer Membrane Protein A (OmpA) of Shigella dysenteriae Type-1 in Lactococcus lactis Using Nisin Inducible Controlled Expression (NICE). Indian J Microbiol 2015; 56:80-7. [PMID: 26843700 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-015-0556-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Potential use of Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) as a heterologous protein expression host as well as for delivery of multiple therapeutic proteins has been investigated extensively using Nisin Inducible Controlled Expression (NICE) system. Optimum inducible expression of heterologous protein by NICE system in L. lactis depends on multiple factors. To study the unexplored role of factors affecting heterologous protein expression in L. lactis using NICE, the present study outlines the optimization of various key parameters such as inducer concentration, host's proteases and precipitating agent using Outer membrane protein A (OmpA). For efficient expression and secretion of OmpA, pSEC:OmpA vector was successfully constructed. To circumvent the troubles encountered during detection of expressed OmpA, the precipitating agent was switched from TCA to methanol. Nevertheless, detection was achieved accompanied by degraded protein products. Speculating the accountability of observed degradation at higher inducer concentration, different nisin concentrations were evaluated. Lower nisin concentrations were found desirable for optimum expression of OmpA. Consistently observed degradation was eliminated by incorporation of protease inhibitor cocktail which inhibits intracellular proteases and expression in VEL1153 (NZ9000 ΔhtrA) strain which inhibits extracellular protease leading to optimum expression of OmpA. Versatility and complexity of NICE system in L. lactis requires fine-tuning of target protein specific parameters for optimum expression.
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Kasarello K, Kwiatkowska-Patzer B, Lipkowski AW, Bardowski JK, Szczepankowska AK. Oral Administration of Lactococcus lactis Expressing Synthetic Genes of Myelin Antigens in Decreasing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Rats. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:1587-97. [PMID: 26026273 PMCID: PMC4462849 DOI: 10.12659/msm.892764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis is a human autoimmunological disease that causes neurodegeneration. One of the potential ways to stop its development is induction of oral tolerance, whose effect lies in decreasing immune response to the fed antigen. It was shown in animal models that administration of specific epitopes of the three main myelin proteins – myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), myelin basic protein (MBP), and proteolipid protein (PLP) – results in induction of oral tolerance and suppression of disease symptoms. Use of bacterial cells to produce and deliver antigens to gut mucosa seems to be an attractive method for oral tolerance induction in treatment of diseases with autoimmune background. Material/Methods Synthetic genes of MOG35-55, MBP85-97, and PLP139-151 myelin epitopes were generated and cloned in Lactococcus lactis under a CcpA-regulated promoter. The tolerogenic effect of bacterial preparations was tested on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, which is the animal model of MS. EAE was induced in rats by intradermal injection of guinea pig spinal cord homogenate into hind paws. Results Rats were administered preparations containing whole-cell lysates of L. lactis producing myelin antigens using different feeding schemes. Our study demonstrates that 20-fold, but not 4-fold, intragastric administration of autoantigen-expressing L. lactis cells under specific conditions reduces the clinical symptoms of EAE in rats. Conclusions The present study evaluated the use of myelin antigens produced in L. lactis in inhibiting the onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats. Obtained results indicate that application of such recombinant cells can be an attractive method of oral tolerance induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Kasarello
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Kwiatkowska-Patzer
- Department of Neuropeptides, Mossakowski Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej W Lipkowski
- Department of Neuropeptides, Mossakowski Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek K Bardowski
- Department of Microbial Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka K Szczepankowska
- Department of Microbial Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Wyszyńska A, Kobierecka P, Bardowski J, Jagusztyn-Krynicka EK. Lactic acid bacteria--20 years exploring their potential as live vectors for mucosal vaccination. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:2967-77. [PMID: 25750046 PMCID: PMC4365182 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a diverse group of Gram-positive, nonsporulating, low G + C content bacteria. Many of them have been given generally regarded as safe status. Over the past two decades, intensive genetic and molecular research carried out on LAB, mainly Lactococcus lactis and some species of the Lactobacillus genus, has revealed new, potential biomedical LAB applications, including the use of LAB as adjuvants, immunostimulators, or therapeutic drug delivery systems, or as factories to produce therapeutic molecules. LAB enable immunization via the mucosal route, which increases effectiveness against pathogens that use the mucosa as the major route of entry into the human body. In this review, we concentrate on the encouraging application of Lactococcus and Lactobacillus genera for the development of live mucosal vaccines. First, we present the progress that has recently been made in the field of developing tools for LAB genetic manipulations, which has resulted in the successful expression of many bacterial, parasitic, and viral antigens in LAB strains. Next, we discuss the factors influencing the efficacy of the constructed vaccine prototypes that have been tested in various animal models. Apart from the research focused on an application of live LABs as carriers of foreign antigens, a lot of work has been recently done on the potential usage of nonliving, nonrecombinant L. lactis designated as Gram-positive enhancer matrix (GEM), as a delivery system for mucosal vaccination. The advantages and disadvantages of both strategies are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Wyszyńska
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
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Zhang X, Hu S, Du X, Li T, Han L, Kong J. Heterologous expression of carcinoembryonic antigen in Lactococcus lactis via LcsB-mediated surface displaying system for oral vaccine development. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2014; 49:851-858. [PMID: 25641594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is an attractive target for immunotherapy because it is expressed minimally in normal tissue, but is overexpressed in a wide variety of malignant epithelial tissues. Lactic acid bacteria (LABs), widely used in food processes, are attractive candidates for oral vaccination. Thus, we examined whether LABs could be used as a live vaccine vector to deliver CEA antigen. METHODS CEA was cloned into an Escherichia coli/Lactococcus lactis shuttle vector pSEC:LEISS under the control of a nisin promoter. For displaying the CEA on the cell surface of the L. lactis strain, the anchor motif LcsB from the S-layer protein of Lactobacillus crispatus was fused with CEA. Intracellular and cell surface expression of the CEA-LcsB fusion was confirmed by western blot analysis. RESULTS Significantly higher levels of CEA-specific secretory immunoglobulin A in the sera of mice were observed upon oral administration of strain cultures containing the CEA-LcsB fused protein. In addition, the CEA-LcsB antigen group showed a higher spleen index compared to the CEA antigen alone or negative control, demonstrating that surface-displayed CEA antigen could induce a higher immune response. CONCLUSION These results provided the first evidence for displaying CEA antigen on the cell surfaces of LABs as oral vaccines against cancer or infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhang
- Health Science Exchange and Service Center of Jinan, Jinan 250013, China.
| | - Shumin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Fermentation Engineering of Beer, Tsingtao Brewery Co. Ltd., Qingdao, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xue Du
- Health Science Exchange and Service Center of Jinan, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Health Science Exchange and Service Center of Jinan, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Lanlan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jian Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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Gómez E, Méndez J, Cascales D, Guijarro JA. Flavobacterium psychrophilum vaccine development: a difficult task. Microb Biotechnol 2014; 7:414-23. [PMID: 25056179 PMCID: PMC4229322 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cold water disease (BCWD) is a globally distributed freshwater fish disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Flavobacterium psychrophilum. It is a particularly devastating infection in fry salmonids and may lead to high levels of mortality. In spite of its economic impact on fish farms, neither the biology of the bacterium nor the bacterium-host interactions are well understood. This review provides a synopsis of the major problems related to critical remaining questions about research into the use of vaccines against F. psychrophilum and the development of a commercial vaccine against this disease. Studies using sera from convalescent rainbow trout have shown the antigenic properties of different proteins such as OmpH, OmpA and FspA, as well as low and high molecular mass lipopolysaccharide of F. psychrophilum, which are potential candidates for subunit vaccines. Inactivated F. psychrophilum bacterins have been successfully tested as vaccines under laboratory conditions by both immersion and intraperitoneal routes. However, the efficacy and the practical usefulness of these preparations still have to be proved. The use of attenuated and wild-type strains to immunize fish showed that these systems offer high levels of protection. Nevertheless, their application clashes with the regulations for environmental protection in many countries. In conclusion, protective vaccines against BCWD are theoretically possible, but substantial efforts still have to be made in order to permit the development of a commercial vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Gómez
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, IUBA, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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Gallotta M, Gancitano G, Pietrocola G, Mora M, Pezzicoli A, Tuscano G, Chiarot E, Nardi-Dei V, Taddei AR, Rindi S, Speziale P, Soriani M, Grandi G, Margarit I, Bensi G. SpyAD, a moonlighting protein of group A Streptococcus contributing to bacterial division and host cell adhesion. Infect Immun 2014; 82:2890-901. [PMID: 24778116 PMCID: PMC4097626 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00064-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Group A streptococcus (GAS) is a human pathogen causing a wide repertoire of mild and severe diseases for which no vaccine is yet available. We recently reported the identification of three protein antigens that in combination conferred wide protection against GAS infection in mice. Here we focused our attention on the characterization of one of these three antigens, Spy0269, a highly conserved, surface-exposed, and immunogenic protein of unknown function. Deletion of the spy0269 gene in a GAS M1 isolate resulted in very long bacterial chains, which is indicative of an impaired capacity of the knockout mutant to properly divide. Confocal microscopy and immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that the protein was mainly localized at the cell septum and could interact in vitro with the cell division protein FtsZ, leading us to hypothesize that Spy0269 is a member of the GAS divisome machinery. Predicted structural domains and sequence homologies with known streptococcal adhesins suggested that this antigen could also play a role in mediating GAS interaction with host cells. This hypothesis was confirmed by showing that recombinant Spy0269 could bind to mammalian epithelial cells in vitro and that Lactococcus lactis expressing Spy0269 on its cell surface could adhere to mammalian cells in vitro and to mice nasal mucosa in vivo. On the basis of these data, we believe that Spy0269 is involved both in bacterial cell division and in adhesion to host cells and we propose to rename this multifunctional moonlighting protein as SpyAD (Streptococcus pyogenes Adhesion and Division protein).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giampiero Pietrocola
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna Rita Taddei
- Centre for High Instruments, Electron Microscopy Section, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Simonetta Rindi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pietro Speziale
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Guido Grandi
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics Srl, Siena, Italy
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Oral immunization with Lactococcus lactis-expressing EspB induces protective immune responses against Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a murine model of colonization. Vaccine 2014; 32:3909-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Expression of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus Multi-Epitope Based Peptide EpiC inLactococcus lactisfor Oral Immunization of Chickens. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 76:1871-6. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ma SJ, Li K, Li XS, Guo XQ, Fu PF, Yang MF, Chen HY. Expression of bioactive porcine interferon-alpha in Lactobacillus casei. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 30:2379-86. [PMID: 24818858 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-014-1663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we constructed an expression cassette containing the inducible lac promoter and the secretion signal from an S-layer protein of Lactobacillus brevis for the expression of porcine interferon-alpha (IFN-α) in Lactobacillus casei (Lb. casei). Reverse-transcriptase PCR verified the presence of porcine IFN-α mRNA in the recombinant Lb. casei. The porcine IFN-α protein expressed in the recombinant Lb. casei was identified by both Western blot analysis and ELISA. We used various pH values and induction times to optimize the yield of IFN-α, and found that induction with 0.8% lactose for 16 h under anaerobic conditions produced the highest concentrations of IFN-α. Furthermore, the activity of porcine IFN-α in the cultural supernatant was evaluated on ST cells infected with pseudorabies virus. The results revealed that porcine IFN-α inhibited virus replication in vitro. The findings of our study indicate that recombinant Lb. casei producing porcine IFN-α has great potential for use as a novel oral antiviral agent in animal healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-jie Ma
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road 63#, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
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Gupta V, Shivasharanappa N, Kumar V, Kumar A. Diagnostic evaluation of serological assays and different gene based PCR for detection of Brucella melitensis in goat. Small Rumin Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zadravec P, Mavric A, Bogovic Matijasic B, Strukelj B, Berlec A. Engineering BmpA as a carrier for surface display of IgG-binding domain on Lactococcus lactis. Protein Eng Des Sel 2013; 27:21-7. [DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzt059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Yang XQ, Zhao YG, Chen XQ, Jiang B, Sun DY. The protective effect of recombinant Lactococcus lactis oral vaccine on a Clostridium difficile-infected animal model. BMC Gastroenterol 2013; 13:117. [PMID: 23865596 PMCID: PMC3750240 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-13-117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oral immunization with vaccines may be an effective strategy for prevention of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). However, application of previously developed vaccines for preventing CDI has been limited due to various reasons. Here, we developed a recombinant Lactococcus lactis oral vaccine and evaluated its effect on a C. difficile-infected animal model established in golden hamsters in attempt to provide an alternative strategy for CDI prevention. Methods Recombinant L. lactis vaccine was developed using the pTRKH2 plasmid, a high-copy-number Escherichia coli-L. shuttle vector: 1) L. lactis expressing secreted proteins was constructed with recombinant pTRKH2 (secreted-protein plasmid) carrying the Usp45 signal peptide (SPUsp45), nontoxic adjuvanted tetanus toxin fragment C (TETC), and 14 of the 38 C-terminal repeats (14CDTA) of nontoxic C. difficile toxin A (TcdA); and 2) L. lactis expressing secreted and membrane proteins was constructed with recombinant pTRKH2 (membrane-anchored plasmid) carrying SPUsp45, TETC, 14CDTA, and the cell wall-anchored sequence of protein M6 (cwaM6). Then, 32 male Syrian golden hamsters were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8 each) for gavage of normal saline (blank control) and L. lactis carrying the empty shuttle vector, secreted-protein plasmid, and membrane-anchored plasmid, respectively. After 1-week gavage of clindamycin, the animals were administered with C. difficile spore suspension. General symptoms and intestinal pathological changes of the animals were examined by naked eye and microscopy, respectively. Protein levels of anti-TcdA IgG/IgA antibodies in intestinal tissue and fluid were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A cell culture cytotoxicity neutralization assay was done by TcdA treatment with or without anti-TcdA serum pre-incubation or treatment. Apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells was examined by flow cytometry (FL) assay. Expression of mucosal inflammatory cytokines in the animals was detected by polymer chain reaction (PCR) assay. Results After the C. difficile challenge, the animals of control group had severe diarrhea symptoms on day 1 and all died on day 4, indicating that the CDI animal model was established in hamster. Of the 3 immunization groups, secreted-protein and membrane-anchored plasmid groups had significantly lower mortalities, body weight decreases, and pathological scores, with higher survival rate/time than the empty plasmid group (P < 0.05). The tilter of IgG antibody directed against TcdA was significantly higher in serum and intestinal fluid of secreted-protein and membrane-anchored plasmid groups than in the empty plasmid group (P < 0.05) while the corresponding titer of IgA antibody directed against TcdA had no substantial differences (P > 0.05). The anti-TcdA serum of membrane-anchored plasmid group neutralized the cytotoxicity of 200 ng/ml TcdA with the best protective effect achieved by anti-TcdA serum pre-incubation. The incidences of TcdA-induced death and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells were significantly reduced by cell pre-incubation or treatment with anti-TcdA serum of membrane-anchored plasmid group (P < 0.05). MCP-1, ICAM-1, IL-6, and Gro-1 mRNA expression levels were the lowest in cecum tissue of the membrane-anchored groups compared to the other groups. Conclusion Recombinant L. lactis live vaccine is effective for preventing CDI in the hamster model, thus providing an alternative for immunization of C. difficile-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-qiang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of People’s Liberation Army, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong, China
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Lanotte P, Perivier M, Haguenoer E, Mereghetti L, Burucoa C, Claverol S, Atanassov C. Proteomic biomarkers associated with Streptococcus agalactiae invasive genogroups. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54393. [PMID: 23372719 PMCID: PMC3553121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Group B streptococcus (GBS, Streptococcus agalactiae) is a leading cause of meningitis and sepsis in newborns and an etiological agent of meningitis, endocarditis, osteoarticular and soft tissue infections in adults. GBS isolates are routinely clustered in serotypes and in genotypes. At present one GBS sequence type (i.e. ST17) is considered to be closely associated with bacterial invasiveness and novel proteomic biomarkers could make a valuable contribution to currently available GBS typing data. For that purpose we analyzed the protein profiles of 170 genotyped GBS isolates by Surface-Enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (SELDI). Univariate statistical analysis of the SELDI profiles identified four protein biomarkers significantly discriminating ST17 isolates from those of the other sequence types. Two of these biomarkers (MW of 7878 Da and 12200 Da) were overexpressed and the other two (MW of 6258 Da and 10463 Da) were underexpressed in ST17. The four proteins were isolated by mass spectrometry-assisted purification and their tryptic peptides analyzed by LC-MS/MS. They were thereby identified as the small subunit of exodeoxyribonuclease VII, the 50S ribosomal protein L7/L12, a CsbD-like protein and thioredoxin, respectively. In conclusion, we identified four candidate biomarkers of ST17 by SELDI for high-throughput screening. These markers may serve as a basis for further studies on the pathophysiology of GBS infection, and for the development of novel vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Lanotte
- Equipe “Bactéries et risque materno-fœtal”, UMR 1282 ISP, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
- Equipe “Bactéries et risque materno-fœtal”, UMR 1282 ISP, INRA, Nouzilly, France
- Service de Bactériologie et de Virologie, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | | | - Eve Haguenoer
- Equipe “Bactéries et risque materno-fœtal”, UMR 1282 ISP, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
- Equipe “Bactéries et risque materno-fœtal”, UMR 1282 ISP, INRA, Nouzilly, France
- Service de Bactériologie et de Virologie, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Laurent Mereghetti
- Equipe “Bactéries et risque materno-fœtal”, UMR 1282 ISP, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
- Equipe “Bactéries et risque materno-fœtal”, UMR 1282 ISP, INRA, Nouzilly, France
- Service de Bactériologie et de Virologie, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Christophe Burucoa
- Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Equipe d'accueil 4331 “Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines”, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Stéphane Claverol
- Pôle Protéomique - Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christo Atanassov
- Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Equipe d'accueil 4331 “Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines”, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- * E-mail:
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Subramaniam M, Baradaran A, Rosli MI, Rosfarizan M, Khatijah Y, Raha AR. Effect of signal peptides on the secretion of β-cyclodextrin glucanotransferase in Lactococcus lactis NZ9000. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 22:361-72. [PMID: 23295307 DOI: 10.1159/000343921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) is an extracellular enzyme which catalyzes the formation of cyclodextrin from starch. The production of CGTase using lactic acid bacterium is an attractive alternative and safer strategy to produce CGTase. In this study, we report the construction of genetically modified Lactococcus lactis strains harboring plasmids that secrete the Bacillus sp. G1 β-CGTase, with the aid of the signal peptides (SPs) SPK1, USP45 and native SP (NSP). Three constructed vectors, pNZ:NSP:CGT, pNZ:USP:CGT and pNZ:SPK1:CGT, were developed in this study. Each vector harbored a different SP fused to the CGTase. The formation of halo zones on starch plates indicated the production and secretion of β-CGTase by the recombinants. The expression of this enzyme is shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and zymogram analysis. A band size of ∼75 kDa corresponding to β-CGTase is identified in the intracellular and the extracellular environments of the host after medium modification. The replacement of glucose by starch in the medium was shown to induce β-CGTase production in L. lactis. Although β-CGTase production is comparatively low in NZ:SPK1:CGT, the SP SPK1 was shown to have higher secretion efficiency compared to the other SPs used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menaga Subramaniam
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Wieczorek AS, Martin VJJ. Effects of synthetic cohesin-containing scaffold protein architecture on binding dockerin-enzyme fusions on the surface of Lactococcus lactis. Microb Cell Fact 2012; 11:160. [PMID: 23241215 PMCID: PMC3542058 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-11-160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microbial synthesis of fuels, commodity chemicals, and bioactive compounds necessitates the assemblage of multiple enzyme activities to carry out sequential chemical reactions, often via substrate channeling by means of multi-domain or multi-enzyme complexes. Engineering the controlled incorporation of enzymes in recombinant protein complexes is therefore of interest. The cellulosome of Clostridium thermocellum is an extracellular enzyme complex that efficiently hydrolyzes crystalline cellulose. Enzymes interact with protein scaffolds via type 1 dockerin/cohesin interactions, while scaffolds in turn bind surface anchor proteins by means of type 2 dockerin/cohesin interactions, which demonstrate a different binding specificity than their type 1 counterparts. Recombinant chimeric scaffold proteins containing cohesins of different specificity allow binding of multiple enzymes to specific sites within an engineered complex. RESULTS We report the successful display of engineered chimeric scaffold proteins containing both type 1 and type 2 cohesins on the surface of Lactococcus lactis cells. The chimeric scaffold proteins were able to form complexes with the Escherichia coli β-glucuronidase fused to either type 1 or type 2 dockerin, and differences in binding efficiencies were correlated with scaffold architecture. We used E. coli β-galactosidase, also fused to type 1 or type 2 dockerins, to demonstrate the targeted incorporation of two enzymes into the complexes. The simultaneous binding of enzyme pairs each containing a different dockerin resulted in bi-enzymatic complexes tethered to the cell surface. The sequential binding of the two enzymes yielded insights into parameters affecting assembly of the complex such as protein size and position within the scaffold. CONCLUSIONS The spatial organization of enzymes into complexes is an important strategy for increasing the efficiency of biochemical pathways. In this study, chimeric protein scaffolds consisting of type 1 and type 2 cohesins anchored on the surface of L. lactis allowed for the controlled positioning of dockerin-fused reporter enzymes onto the scaffolds. By binding single enzymes or enzyme pairs to the scaffolds, our data also suggest that the size and relative positions of enzymes can affect the catalytic profiles of the resulting complexes. These insights will be of great value as we engineer more advanced scaffold-guided protein complexes to optimize biochemical pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Wieczorek
- Department of Biology, Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Vincent JJ Martin
- Department of Biology, Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, H4B 1R6, Canada
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Construction and Application of a Food-Grade Expression System for Lactococcus lactis. Mol Biotechnol 2012; 54:170-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-012-9558-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Wei Z, Fu Q, Liu X, Xiao P, Lu Z, Chen Y. Identification of Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus surface associated proteins by enzymatic shaving. Vet Microbiol 2012; 159:519-25. [PMID: 22613253 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus (Streptococcus zooepidemicus, SEZ) is responsible for a wide variety of infections in many species. Attempts to control the infection caused by this agent are hampered by a lack of effective vaccines and useful diagnostic kits. Surface proteins of bacterial species are usually involved in interaction with host and hopefully act as biomarkers for serodiagnosis and subunit vaccine components. In this study, the surface proteins of SEZ C55138 strain were systematically identified by surface shaving with trypsin and a total of 20 surface associated proteins were found. Further analysis of five selected novel proteins (SzM, FBP, SAP, CSP and 5'-Nu) revealed that they all expressed in vivo and their recombinant derived proteins could be reactive with convalescent sera. These identified immunogenic surface proteins have potential as SEZ vaccine candidates and diagnostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zigong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, North Third Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
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Sun Z, Kong J, Hu S, Kong W, Lu W, Liu W. Characterization of a S-layer protein from Lactobacillus crispatus K313 and the domains responsible for binding to cell wall and adherence to collagen. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:1941-52. [PMID: 22526799 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4044-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It was previously shown that the surface (S)-layer proteins covering the cell surface of Lactobacillus crispatus K313 were involved in the adherence of this strain to human intestinal cell line HT-29. To further elucidate the structures and functions of S-layers, three putative S-layer protein genes (slpA, slpB, and slpC) of L. crispatus K313 were amplified by PCR, sequenced, and characterized in detail. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis reveals that slpA was silent under the tested conditions; whereas slpB and slpC, the putative amino acid sequences which exhibited minor similarities to the previously reported S-layer proteins in L. crispatus, were actively expressed. slpB, which was predominantly expressed in L. crispatus K313, was further investigated for its functional domains. Genetic truncation of the untranslated leader sequence (UTLS) of slpB results in a reduction in protein production, indicating that the UTLS contributed to the efficient S-layer protein expression. By producing a set of N- and C-terminally truncated recombinant SlpB proteins in Escherichia coli, the cell wall-binding region was mapped to the C terminus, where rSlpB(380-501) was sufficient for binding to isolated cell wall fragments. Moreover, the binding ability of the C terminus was variable among the Lactobacillus species (S-layer- and non-S-layer-producing strains), and teichoic acid may be acting as the receptor of SlpB. To determine the adhesion region of SlpB to extracellular matrix proteins, ELISA was performed. Binding to immobilized types I and IV collagen was observed with the His-SlpB(1-379) peptides, suggesting that the extracellular matrix protein-binding domain was located in the N terminus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
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Hugentobler F, Yam KK, Gillard J, Mahbuba R, Olivier M, Cousineau B. Immunization against Leishmania major infection using LACK- and IL-12-expressing Lactococcus lactis induces delay in footpad swelling. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30945. [PMID: 22348031 PMCID: PMC3277590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmania is a mammalian parasite affecting over 12 million individuals worldwide. Current treatments are expensive, cause severe side effects, and emerging drug resistance has been reported. Vaccination is the most cost-effective means to control infectious disease but currently there is no vaccine available against Leishmaniasis. Lactococcus lactis is a non-pathogenic, non-colonizing Gram-positive lactic acid bacterium commonly used in the dairy industry. Recently, L. lactis was used to express biologically active molecules including vaccine antigens and cytokines. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We report the generation of L. lactis strains expressing the protective Leishmania antigen, LACK, in the cytoplasm, secreted or anchored to the bacterial cell wall. L. lactis was also engineered to secrete biologically active single chain mouse IL-12. Subcutaneous immunization with live L. lactis expressing LACK anchored to the cell wall and L. lactis secreting IL-12 significantly delayed footpad swelling in Leishmania major infected BALB/c mice. The delay in footpad swelling correlated with a significant reduction of parasite burden in immunized animals compared to control groups. Immunization with these two L. lactis strains induced antigen-specific multifunctional T(H)1 CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and a systemic LACK-specific T(H)1 immune response. Further, protection in immunized animals correlated with a Leishmania-specific T(H)1 immune response post-challenge. L. lactis secreting mouse IL-12 was essential for directing immune responses to LACK towards a protective T(H)1 response. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This report demonstrates the use of L. lactis as a live vaccine against L. major infection in BALB/c mice. The strains generated in this study provide the basis for the development of an inexpensive and safe vaccine against the human parasite Leishmania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Hugentobler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Karen K. Yam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Joshua Gillard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Raya Mahbuba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Martin Olivier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre for the Study of Host Resistance, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Member of the Centre for Host-Parasite Interaction (CHPI), Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Benoit Cousineau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Member of the Centre for Host-Parasite Interaction (CHPI), Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Heterologous protein display on the cell surface of lactic acid bacteria mediated by the s-layer protein. Microb Cell Fact 2011; 10:86. [PMID: 22035337 PMCID: PMC3215925 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-10-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have revealed that the C-terminal region of the S-layer protein from Lactobacillus is responsible for the cell wall anchoring, which provide an approach for targeting heterologous proteins to the cell wall of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). In this study, we developed a new surface display system in lactic acid bacteria with the C-terminal region of S-layer protein SlpB of Lactobacillus crispatus K2-4-3 isolated from chicken intestine. RESULTS Multiple sequence alignment revealed that the C-terminal region (LcsB) of Lb. crispatus K2-4-3 SlpB had a high similarity with the cell wall binding domains SA and CbsA of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lb. crispatus. To evaluate the potential application as an anchoring protein, the green fluorescent protein (GFP) or beta-galactosidase (Gal) was fused to the N-terminus of the LcsB region, and the fused proteins were successfully produced in Escherichia coli, respectively. After mixing them with the non-genetically modified lactic acid bacteria cells, the fused GFP-LcsB and Gal-LcsB were functionally associated with the cell surface of various lactic acid bacteria tested. In addition, the binding capacity could be improved by SDS pretreatment. Moreover, both of the fused proteins could simultaneously bind to the surface of a single cell. Furthermore, when the fused DNA fragment of gfp:lcsB was inserted into the Lactococcus lactis expression vector pSec:Leiss:Nuc, the GFP could not be secreted into the medium under the control of the nisA promoter. Western blot, in-gel fluorescence assay, immunofluorescence microscopy and SDS sensitivity analysis confirmed that the GFP was successfully expressed onto the cell surface of L. lactis with the aid of the LcsB anchor. CONCLUSION The LcsB region can be used as a functional scaffold to target the heterologous proteins to the cell surfaces of lactic acid bacteria in vitro and in vivo, and has also the potential for biotechnological application.
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Molecular fractionation and characterization of a Candida albicans fraction that increases tumor cell adhesion to hepatic endothelium. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 92:133-45. [PMID: 21858674 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3540-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Systemic candidiasis remains a major complication among patients suffering from hematological malignancies and favors the development of hepatic metastasis. To contribute to the understanding of the underlying mechanisms, the aim of this study was to identify molecules that may increase tumor cell adhesion to hepatic endothelial cells. To this end, a well-established in vitro model was used to determine the enhancement of tumor cell adhesion induced by Candida albicans and its fractions. Different fractions were obtained according to their molecular weight (M(r)) (five) or to their isoelectric point (pI) (four), using preparative electrophoresis and preparative isoelectric focusing, respectively, followed by affinity chromatography. The fraction that most enhanced melanoma cell adhesion to endothelium had an M(r) range from 45 to 66 kDa. It was characterized using two-dimensional electrophoresis, and 14 proteins were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting: Dor14p, Fba1p, Pdi1p, Pgk1p, Idh2p, Mpg1p, Sfa1p, Ape3p, Ilv5p, Tuf1p, Act1p, Eno1p, Qcr2p, and Adh1p. Of these, several are related to the immunogenic response, and the latter seven belonged to the most reactive fraction according to their pI range, from 5 to 5.6. These findings could represent a step forward in the search for new targets, to suppress the pro-metastatic effect of C. albicans.
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