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Zhou L, Höfte M, Hennessy RC. Does regulation hold the key to optimizing lipopeptide production in Pseudomonas for biotechnology? Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1363183. [PMID: 38476965 PMCID: PMC10928948 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1363183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipopeptides (LPs) produced by Pseudomonas spp. are specialized metabolites with diverse structures and functions, including powerful biosurfactant and antimicrobial properties. Despite their enormous potential in environmental and industrial biotechnology, low yield and high production cost limit their practical use. While genome mining and functional genomics have identified a multitude of LP biosynthetic gene clusters, the regulatory mechanisms underlying their biosynthesis remain poorly understood. We propose that regulation holds the key to unlocking LP production in Pseudomonas for biotechnology. In this review, we summarize the structure and function of Pseudomonas-derived LPs and describe the molecular basis for their biosynthesis and regulation. We examine the global and specific regulator-driven mechanisms controlling LP synthesis including the influence of environmental signals. Understanding LP regulation is key to modulating production of these valuable compounds, both quantitatively and qualitatively, for industrial and environmental biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhou
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Monica Höfte
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rosanna C. Hennessy
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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2
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Jama D, Łaba W, Kruszelnicki M, Polowczyk I, Lazar Z, Janek T. Bioconversion of waste glycerol into viscosinamide by Pseudomonas fluorescens DR54 and its activity evaluation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1531. [PMID: 38233450 PMCID: PMC10794706 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipopeptides, derived from microorganisms, are promising surface-active compounds known as biosurfactants. However, the high production costs of biosurfactants, associated with expensive culture media and purification processes, limit widespread industrial application. To enhance the sustainability of biosurfactant production, researchers have explored cost-effective substrates. In this study, crude glycerol was evaluated as a promising and economical carbon source in viscosinamide production by Pseudomonas fluorescens DR54. Optimization studies using the Box - Behnken design and response surface methodology were performed. Optimal conditions for viscosinamide production including glycerol 70.8 g/L, leucine 2.7 g/L, phosphate 3.7 g/L, and urea 9.3 g/L were identified. Yield of viscosinamide production, performed under optimal conditions, reached 7.18 ± 0.17 g/L. Preliminary characterization of viscosinamide involved the measurement of surface tension. The critical micelle concentration of lipopeptide was determined to be 5 mg/L. Furthermore, the interactions between the viscosinamide and lipase from Candida rugosa (CRL) were investigated by evaluating the impact of viscosinamide on lipase activity and measuring circular dichroism. It was observed that the α-helicity of CRL increases with increasing viscosinamide concentration, while the random coil structure decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Jama
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wojciech Łaba
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kruszelnicki
- Department of Process Engineering and Technology of Polymers and Carbon Materials, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Izabela Polowczyk
- Department of Process Engineering and Technology of Polymers and Carbon Materials, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Lazar
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz Janek
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland.
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Hansen ML, Dénes Z, Jarmusch SA, Wibowo M, Lozano-Andrade CN, Kovács ÁT, Strube ML, Andersen AJC, Jelsbak L. Resistance towards and biotransformation of a Pseudomonas-produced secondary metabolite during community invasion. THE ISME JOURNAL 2024; 18:wrae105. [PMID: 38874164 PMCID: PMC11203913 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The role of antagonistic secondary metabolites produced by Pseudomonas protegens in suppression of soil-borne phytopathogens has been clearly documented. However, their contribution to the ability of P. protegens to establish in soil and rhizosphere microbiomes remains less clear. Here, we use a four-species synthetic community (SynCom) in which individual members are sensitive towards key P. protegens antimicrobial metabolites (DAPG, pyoluteorin, and orfamide A) to determine how antibiotic production contributes to P. protegens community invasion and to identify community traits that counteract the antimicrobial effects. We show that P. protegens readily invades and alters the SynCom composition over time, and that P. protegens establishment requires production of DAPG and pyoluteorin. An orfamide A-deficient mutant of P. protegens invades the community as efficiently as wildtype, and both cause similar perturbations to community composition. Here, we identify the microbial interactions underlying the absence of an orfamide A mediated impact on the otherwise antibiotic-sensitive SynCom member, and show that the cyclic lipopeptide is inactivated and degraded by the combined action of Rhodococcus globerulus D757 and Stenotrophomonas indicatrix D763. Altogether, the demonstration that the synthetic community constrains P. protegens invasion by detoxifying its antibiotics may provide a mechanistic explanation to inconsistencies in biocontrol effectiveness in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten L Hansen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads bldg. 221, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Zsófia Dénes
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads bldg. 221, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Scott A Jarmusch
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads bldg. 221, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mario Wibowo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads bldg. 221, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Carlos N Lozano-Andrade
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads bldg. 221, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ákos T Kovács
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads bldg. 221, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mikael L Strube
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads bldg. 221, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Aaron J C Andersen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads bldg. 221, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lars Jelsbak
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads bldg. 221, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
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Watanabe Y, Hansen J, Kotake M, Fujii R, Matsuoka H, Yoshinaga T. Effect of Biokos, a natural lipopeptide surfactant extracted from a bacterium of the Pseudomonas genus, on infection of Cryptocaryon irritans. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:1311-1319. [PMID: 37579018 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Cryptocaryoniasis (marine white spot disease), caused by Cryptocaryon irritans, is a major threat to marine fish cultures in tropical and subtropical waters, and a serious nuisance to hobbyists with saltwater fish tanks. With only classical treatment schedules such as copper salts or hyposaline baths being available, control of the disease remains a challenge. In this study, we investigated the effect of Biokos, a viscosin-like lipopeptide surfactant extracted from a bacterium of the Pseudomonas genus, on the external life stages of C. irritans, including theronts, protomonts and tomonts. The present study demonstrated that the compound has an antiparasitic effect on all tested external stages of the parasite. In particular, when Biokos was used at 48 mg/L, it was able to kill almost all theronts and protomonts within 1 h in in vitro experiments, and using the same concentration in an in vivo challenge experiment, the parasitic load was reduced by more than 95% compared to the control group with no Biokos. Additionally, cultured fish cells were able to proliferate, and fish showed no adverse signs at Biokos concentrations that were effective in killing the parasite. Thus, Biokos may be a promising way for preventing or reducing the burden of this parasitic disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuho Watanabe
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Maho Kotake
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Fujii
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Matsuoka
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Yoshinaga
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Mishra RK, Pandey S, Rathore US, Mishra M, Kumar K, Kumar S, Manjunatha L. Characterization of plant growth-promoting, antifungal, and enzymatic properties of beneficial bacterial strains associated with pulses rhizosphere from Bundelkhand region of India. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2349-2360. [PMID: 37584890 PMCID: PMC10485202 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01051-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to characterize the native plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) from the pulse rhizosphere of the Bundelkhand region of India. Twenty-four bacterial isolates belonging to nineteen species (B. amyloliquefaciens, B. subtilis, B. tequilensis, B. safensis, B. haynesii, E. soli, E. cloacae, A. calcoaceticus, B. valezensis, S. macrescens, P. aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, P. guariconensis, B. megaterium, C. lapagei, P. putida, K. aerogenes, B. cereus, and B. altitudinis) were categorized and evaluated for their plant growth-promoting potential, antifungal properties, and enzymatic activities to identify the most potential strain for commercialization and wider application in pulse crops. Phylogenetic identification was done on the basis of 16 s rRNA analysis. Among the 24 isolates, 12 bacterial strains were gram positive, and 12 were gram negative. Among the tested 24 isolates, IIPRAJCP-6 (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens), IIPRDSCP-1 (Bacillus subtilis), IIPRDSCP-10 (Bacillus tequilensis), IIPRRLUCP-5 (Bacillus safensis), IIPRCDCP-2 (Bacillus subtilis), IIPRAMCP-1 (Bacillus safensis), IIPRMKCP-10 (Bacillus haynesii), IIPRANPP-3 (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens), IIPRKAPP-5 (Enterobacter soli), IIPRAJCP-2 (Enterobacter cloacae), IIPRDSCP-11 (Acinetobacter calcoaceticus), IIPRDSCP-9 (Bacillus valezensis), IIPRMKCP-3 (Seratia macrescens), IIPRMKCP-1 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), IIPRCKPP-3 (Pseudomonas fluorescens), IIPRMKCP-9 (Pseudomonas guariconensis), IIPRMKCP-8 (Bacillus megatirium), IIPRMWCP-9 (Cedecea lapagei), IIPRKUCP-10 (Pseudomonas putida), IIPRAMCP-4 (Klebsiella aerogenes), IIPRCKPP-7 (Enterobacter cloacae), IIPRAMCP-5 (Bacillus cereus), IIPRSHEP-6 (Bacillus subtilis), IIPRRSBa89 (Bacillus altitudinis) bacterial isolates, IIPRMKCP-9, IIPRAJCP-6, IIPRMKCP-10, IIPRAMCP-5, IIPRSHEP-6, and IIPRMKCP-3 showed the maximum antagonistic activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris (FOC), Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis (FOL), and Fusarium udum (FU) causing wilt disease of chickpea, lentil, and pigeonpea, respectively, and maximum plant growth-promoting enzyme (phosphatase), plant growth hormone (IAA), and siderophore production show promising results under greenhouse conditions. This study is the first report of bacterial diversity in the pulse-growing region of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj K Mishra
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, 208024, India.
| | - Sonika Pandey
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, 208024, India
| | - U S Rathore
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, 208024, India
| | - Monika Mishra
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, 208024, India
| | - Krishna Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, 208024, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, 208024, India
| | - L Manjunatha
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, 208024, India
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Martins SJ, Pasche J, Silva HAO, Selten G, Savastano N, Abreu LM, Bais HP, Garrett KA, Kraisitudomsook N, Pieterse CMJ, Cernava T. The Use of Synthetic Microbial Communities to Improve Plant Health. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:1369-1379. [PMID: 36858028 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-23-0016-ia] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the numerous benefits plants receive from probiotics, maintaining consistent results across applications is still a challenge. Cultivation-independent methods associated with reduced sequencing costs have considerably improved the overall understanding of microbial ecology in the plant environment. As a result, now, it is possible to engineer a consortium of microbes aiming for improved plant health. Such synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) contain carefully chosen microbial species to produce the desired microbiome function. Microbial biofilm formation, production of secondary metabolites, and ability to induce plant resistance are some of the microbial traits to consider when designing SynComs. Plant-associated microbial communities are not assembled randomly. Ecological theories suggest that these communities have a defined phylogenetic organization structured by general community assembly rules. Using machine learning, we can study these rules and target microbial functions that generate desired plant phenotypes. Well-structured assemblages are more likely to lead to a stable SynCom that thrives under environmental stressors as compared with the classical selection of single microbial activities or taxonomy. However, ensuring microbial colonization and long-term plant phenotype stability is still one of the challenges to overcome with SynComs, as the synthetic community may change over time with microbial horizontal gene transfer and retained mutations. Here, we explored the advances made in SynCom research regarding plant health, focusing on bacteria, as they are the most dominant microbial form compared with other members of the microbiome and the most commonly found in SynCom studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Martins
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, U.S.A
| | - Josephine Pasche
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, U.S.A
| | - Hiago Antonio O Silva
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, U.S.A
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Gijs Selten
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Noah Savastano
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, 311 AP Biopharma, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, U.S.A
| | - Lucas Magalhães Abreu
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Harsh P Bais
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, 311 AP Biopharma, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, U.S.A
| | - Karen A Garrett
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, U.S.A
| | | | - Corné M J Pieterse
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, 8020, Austria
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K
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Niem JM, Billones-Baaijens R, Stodart BJ, Reveglia P, Savocchia S. Biocontrol Potential of an Endophytic Pseudomonas poae Strain against the Grapevine Trunk Disease Pathogen Neofusicoccum luteum and Its Mechanism of Action. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112132. [PMID: 37299111 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) impact the sustainability of vineyards worldwide and management options are currently limited. Biological control agents (BCAs) may offer a viable alternative for disease control. With an aim to develop an effective biocontrol strategy against the GTD pathogen Neofusicoccum luteum, this study investigated the following: (1) the efficacy of the strains in suppressing the BD pathogen N. luteum in detached canes and potted vines; (2) the ability of a strain of Pseudomonas poae (BCA17) to colonize and persist within grapevine tissues; and (3) the mode of action of BCA17 to antagonize N. luteum. Co-inoculations of the antagonistic bacterial strains with N. luteum revealed that one strain of P. poae (BCA17) suppressed infection by 100% and 80% in detached canes and potted vines, respectively. Stem inoculations of a laboratory-generated rifampicin-resistant strain of BCA17 in potted vines (cv. Shiraz) indicated the bacterial strain could colonize and persist in the grapevine tissues, potentially providing some protection against GTDs for up to 6 months. The bioactive diffusible compounds secreted by BCA17 significantly reduced the spore germination and fungal biomass of N. luteum and the other representative GTD pathogens. Complementary analysis via MALDI-TOF revealed the presence of an unknown cyclic lipopeptide in the bioactive diffusible compounds, which was absent in a non-antagonistic strain of P. poae (JMN13), suggesting this novel lipopeptide may be responsible for the biocontrol activity of the BCA17. Our study provided evidence that P. poae BCA17 is a potential BCA to combat N. luteum, with a potential novel mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Millera Niem
- Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
- Faculty of Science and Health, School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
- UPLB Museum of Natural History, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Los Baños 4031, Laguna, Philippines
- Institute of Weed Science, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Los Baños 4031, Laguna, Philippines
| | | | - Benjamin J Stodart
- Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
- Faculty of Science and Health, School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Pierluigi Reveglia
- Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
- Faculty of Science and Health, School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sandra Savocchia
- Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
- Faculty of Science and Health, School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
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Chafale A, Kapley A. Biosurfactants as microbial bioactive compounds in microbial enhanced oil recovery. J Biotechnol 2022; 352:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Sarubbo LA, Silva MDGC, Durval IJB, Bezerra KGO, Ribeiro BG, Silva IA, Twigg MS, Banat IM. Biosurfactants: Production, Properties, Applications, Trends, and General Perspectives. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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10
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Oni FE, Esmaeel Q, Onyeka JT, Adeleke R, Jacquard C, Clement C, Gross H, Ait Barka E, Höfte M. Pseudomonas Lipopeptide-Mediated Biocontrol: Chemotaxonomy and Biological Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:372. [PMID: 35056688 PMCID: PMC8777863 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas lipopeptides (Ps-LPs) play crucial roles in bacterial physiology, host-microbe interactions and plant disease control. Beneficial LP producers have mainly been isolated from the rhizosphere, phyllosphere and from bulk soils. Despite their wide geographic distribution and host range, emerging evidence suggests that LP-producing pseudomonads and their corresponding molecules display tight specificity and follow a phylogenetic distribution. About a decade ago, biocontrol LPs were mainly reported from the P. fluorescens group, but this has drastically advanced due to increased LP diversity research. On the one hand, the presence of a close-knit relationship between Pseudomonas taxonomy and the molecule produced may provide a startup toolbox for the delineation of unknown LPs into existing (or novel) LP groups. Furthermore, a taxonomy-molecule match may facilitate decisions regarding antimicrobial activity profiling and subsequent agricultural relevance of such LPs. In this review, we highlight and discuss the production of beneficial Ps-LPs by strains situated within unique taxonomic groups and the lineage-specificity and coevolution of this relationship. We also chronicle the antimicrobial activity demonstrated by these biomolecules in limited plant systems compared with multiple in vitro assays. Our review further stresses the need to systematically elucidate the roles of diverse Ps-LP groups in direct plant-pathogen interactions and in the enhancement of plant innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feyisara Eyiwumi Oni
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Unité de Recherche RIBP EA4707 USC INRAE 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, 51100 Reims, France; (Q.E.); (C.J.); (C.C.); (E.A.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Anchor University, Ayobo P.M.B 00001, Lagos State, Nigeria
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa;
| | - Qassim Esmaeel
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Unité de Recherche RIBP EA4707 USC INRAE 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, 51100 Reims, France; (Q.E.); (C.J.); (C.C.); (E.A.B.)
| | - Joseph Tobias Onyeka
- Plant Pathology Unit, National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI), Umudike 440001, Abia State, Nigeria;
| | - Rasheed Adeleke
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa;
| | - Cedric Jacquard
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Unité de Recherche RIBP EA4707 USC INRAE 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, 51100 Reims, France; (Q.E.); (C.J.); (C.C.); (E.A.B.)
| | - Christophe Clement
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Unité de Recherche RIBP EA4707 USC INRAE 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, 51100 Reims, France; (Q.E.); (C.J.); (C.C.); (E.A.B.)
| | - Harald Gross
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tubingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Essaid Ait Barka
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Unité de Recherche RIBP EA4707 USC INRAE 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, 51100 Reims, France; (Q.E.); (C.J.); (C.C.); (E.A.B.)
| | - Monica Höfte
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium;
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11
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Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria as Antifungal Antibiotics Producers. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-04805-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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12
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Wang H, Liu R, You MP, Barbetti MJ, Chen Y. Pathogen Biocontrol Using Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPR): Role of Bacterial Diversity. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091988. [PMID: 34576883 PMCID: PMC8470069 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A vast microbial community inhabits in the rhizosphere, among which, specialized bacteria known as Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) confer benefits to host plants including growth promotion and disease suppression. PGPR taxa vary in the ways whereby they curtail the negative effects of invading plant pathogens. However, a cumulative or synergistic effect does not always ensue when a bacterial consortium is used. In this review, we reassess the disease-suppressive mechanisms of PGPR and present explanations and illustrations for functional diversity and/or stability among PGPR taxa regarding these mechanisms. We also provide evidence of benefits when PGPR mixtures, rather than individuals, are used for protecting crops from various diseases, and underscore the critical determinant factors for successful use of PGPR mixtures. Then, we evaluate the challenges of and limitations to achieving the desired outcomes from strain/species-rich bacterial assemblages, particularly in relation to their role for plant disease management. In addition, towards locating additive or synergistic outcomes, we highlight why and how the benefits conferred need to be categorized and quantified when different strains/species of PGPR are used in combinations. Finally, we highlight the critical approaches needed for developing PGPR mixtures with improved efficacy and stability as biocontrols for utilization in agricultural fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xianyang 712100, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Runjin Liu
- Institute of Mycorrhizal Biotechnology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;
| | - Ming Pei You
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, LB 5005, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (M.P.Y.); (M.J.B.)
| | - Martin J. Barbetti
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, LB 5005, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (M.P.Y.); (M.J.B.)
| | - Yinglong Chen
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, LB 5005, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (M.P.Y.); (M.J.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Kumar A, Singh SK, Kant C, Verma H, Kumar D, Singh PP, Modi A, Droby S, Kesawat MS, Alavilli H, Bhatia SK, Saratale GD, Saratale RG, Chung SM, Kumar M. Microbial Biosurfactant: A New Frontier for Sustainable Agriculture and Pharmaceutical Industries. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1472. [PMID: 34573103 PMCID: PMC8469275 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current scenario of changing climatic conditions and the rising global population, there is an urgent need to explore novel, efficient, and economical natural products for the benefit of humankind. Biosurfactants are one of the latest explored microbial synthesized biomolecules that have been used in numerous fields, including agriculture, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food processing, and environment-cleaning industries, as a source of raw materials, for the lubrication, wetting, foaming, emulsions formulations, and as stabilizing dispersions. The amphiphilic nature of biosurfactants have shown to be a great advantage, distributing themselves into two immiscible surfaces by reducing the interfacial surface tension and increasing the solubility of hydrophobic compounds. Furthermore, their eco-friendly nature, low or even no toxic nature, durability at higher temperatures, and ability to withstand a wide range of pH fluctuations make microbial surfactants preferable compared to their chemical counterparts. Additionally, biosurfactants can obviate the oxidation flow by eliciting antioxidant properties, antimicrobial and anticancer activities, and drug delivery systems, further broadening their applicability in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Nowadays, biosurfactants have been broadly utilized to improve the soil quality by improving the concentration of trace elements and have either been mixed with pesticides or applied singly on the plant surfaces for plant disease management. In the present review, we summarize the latest research on microbial synthesized biosurfactant compounds, the limiting factors of biosurfactant production, their application in improving soil quality and plant disease management, and their use as antioxidant or antimicrobial compounds in the pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Center, Department of Postharvest Science, Rishon Lezzion 50250, Israel; (A.K.); (A.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Centre of Advance Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (S.K.S.); (D.K.); (P.P.S.)
| | - Chandra Kant
- Department of Botany, Dharma Samaj College, Aligarh 202001, India;
| | - Hariom Verma
- Department of Botany, B.R.D. Government Degree College, Sonbhadra, Duddhi 231218, India;
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- Centre of Advance Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (S.K.S.); (D.K.); (P.P.S.)
| | - Prem Pratap Singh
- Centre of Advance Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (S.K.S.); (D.K.); (P.P.S.)
| | - Arpan Modi
- Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Center, Department of Postharvest Science, Rishon Lezzion 50250, Israel; (A.K.); (A.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Samir Droby
- Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Center, Department of Postharvest Science, Rishon Lezzion 50250, Israel; (A.K.); (A.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Mahipal Singh Kesawat
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Sri Sri University, Cuttack 754006, India;
| | - Hemasundar Alavilli
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea;
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | | | - Rijuta Ganesh Saratale
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Korea;
| | - Sang-Min Chung
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Korea;
| | - Manu Kumar
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Korea;
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Patiño AD, Montoya-Giraldo M, Quintero M, López-Parra LL, Blandón LM, Gómez-León J. Dereplication of antimicrobial biosurfactants from marine bacteria using molecular networking. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16286. [PMID: 34381106 PMCID: PMC8357792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95788-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biosurfactants are amphiphilic surface-active molecules of microbial origin principally produced by hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria; in addition to the bioremediation properties, they can also present antimicrobial activity. The present study highlights the chemical characterization and the antimicrobial activities of biosurfactants produced by deep-sea marine bacteria from the genera Halomonas, Bacillus, Streptomyces, and Pseudomonas. The biosurfactants were extracted and chemically characterized through Chromatography TLC, FT-IR, LC/ESI-MS/MS, and a metabolic analysis was done through molecular networking. Six biosurfactants were identified by dereplication tools from GNPS and some surfactin isoforms were identified by molecular networking. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of biosurfactant from Halomonas sp. INV PRT125 (7.27 mg L-1) and Halomonas sp. INV PRT124 (8.92 mg L-1) were most effective against the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans ATCC 10231. For Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, the biosurfactant from Bacillus sp. INV FIR48 was the most effective with IC50 values of 25.65 mg L-1 and 21.54 mg L-1 for C. albicans, without hemolytic effect (< 1%), and non-ecotoxic effect in brine shrimp larvae (Artemia franciscana), with values under 150 mg L-1, being a biosurfactant promising for further study. The extreme environments as deep-sea can be an important source for the isolation of new biosurfactants-producing microorganisms with environmental and pharmaceutical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert D Patiño
- Marine Bioprospecting Line, Marine and Coastal Research Institute "José Benito Vives de Andréis"-INVEMAR, Calle 25 No. 2-55, Playa Salguero, Santa Marta D.T.C.H., Santa Marta, Colombia
| | - Manuela Montoya-Giraldo
- Marine Bioprospecting Line, Marine and Coastal Research Institute "José Benito Vives de Andréis"-INVEMAR, Calle 25 No. 2-55, Playa Salguero, Santa Marta D.T.C.H., Santa Marta, Colombia
| | - Marynes Quintero
- Marine Bioprospecting Line, Marine and Coastal Research Institute "José Benito Vives de Andréis"-INVEMAR, Calle 25 No. 2-55, Playa Salguero, Santa Marta D.T.C.H., Santa Marta, Colombia
| | - Lizbeth L López-Parra
- Grupo de Investigación en Electroquímica y Medio Ambiente (GIEMA), Universidad Santiago de Cali, Calle 5 # 62-00, Santiago de Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Lina M Blandón
- Marine Bioprospecting Line, Marine and Coastal Research Institute "José Benito Vives de Andréis"-INVEMAR, Calle 25 No. 2-55, Playa Salguero, Santa Marta D.T.C.H., Santa Marta, Colombia.
| | - Javier Gómez-León
- Marine Bioprospecting Line, Marine and Coastal Research Institute "José Benito Vives de Andréis"-INVEMAR, Calle 25 No. 2-55, Playa Salguero, Santa Marta D.T.C.H., Santa Marta, Colombia
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Sarkar T, Chetia M, Chatterjee S. Antimicrobial Peptides and Proteins: From Nature's Reservoir to the Laboratory and Beyond. Front Chem 2021; 9:691532. [PMID: 34222199 PMCID: PMC8249576 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.691532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid rise of antimicrobial resistance against conventional antimicrobials, resurgence of multidrug resistant microbes and the slowdown in the development of new classes of antimicrobials, necessitates the urgent development of alternate classes of therapeutic molecules. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small proteins present in different lifeforms in nature that provide defense against microbial infections. They have been effective components of the host defense system for a very long time. The fact that the development of resistance by the microbes against the AMPs is relatively slower or delayed compared to that against the conventional antibiotics, makes them prospective alternative therapeutics of the future. Several thousands of AMPs have been isolated from various natural sources like microorganisms, plants, insects, crustaceans, animals, humans, etc. to date. However, only a few of them have been translated commercially to the market so far. This is because of some inherent drawbacks of the naturally obtained AMPs like 1) short half-life owing to the susceptibility to protease degradation, 2) inactivity at physiological salt concentrations, 3) cytotoxicity to host cells, 4) lack of appropriate strategies for sustained and targeted delivery of the AMPs. This has led to a surge of interest in the development of synthetic AMPs which would retain or improve the antimicrobial potency along with circumventing the disadvantages of the natural analogs. The development of synthetic AMPs is inspired by natural designs and sequences and strengthened by the fusion with various synthetic elements. Generation of the synthetic designs are based on various strategies like sequence truncation, mutation, cyclization and introduction of unnatural amino acids and synthons. In this review, we have described some of the AMPs isolated from the vast repertoire of natural sources, and subsequently described the various synthetic designs that have been developed based on the templates of natural AMPs or from de novo design to make commercially viable therapeutics of the future. This review entails the journey of the AMPs from their natural sources to the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sunanda Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
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Hyder S, Gondal AS, Rizvi ZF, Atiq R, Haider MIS, Fatima N, Inam-Ul-Haq M. Biological Control of Chili Damping-Off Disease, Caused by Pythium myriotylum. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:587431. [PMID: 34054741 PMCID: PMC8155717 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.587431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pythium myriotylum is a notorious soil-borne oomycete that causes post-emergence damping-off in chili pepper. Of various disease management strategies, utilization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in disease suppression and plant growth promotion is an interesting strategy. The present study was performed to isolate and characterize PGPR indigenous to the chili rhizosphere in Pakistan, and to test the potential to suppress the damping-off and plant growth promotion in chili. Out of a total of 28 antagonists, eight bacterial isolates (4a2, JHL-8, JHL-12, 1C2, RH-24, 1D, 5C, and RH-87) significantly suppressed the colony growth of P. myriotylum in a dual culture experiment. All the tested bacterial isolates were characterized for biochemical attributes, and 16S rRNA sequence based phylogenetic analysis identified these isolates as Flavobacterium spp., Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus cereus, and Pseudomonas libanensis. All the tested bacterial isolates showed positive test results for ammonia production, starch hydrolase (except 4a2), and hydrogen cyanide production (except 4a2 and 1D). All the tested antagonists produced indole-3-acetic acid (13.4–39.0 μg mL–1), solubilized inorganic phosphate (75–103 μg mL–1), and produced siderophores (17.1–23.7%) in vitro. All the tested bacterial isolates showed varying levels of susceptibility and resistance response against different antibiotics and all these bacterial isolates were found to be non-pathogenic to chili seeds and notably enhanced percentage seed germination, plumule, redical length, and vigor index over un-inoculated control. Additionally, under pathogen pressure, bacterization increased the defense related enzymes such as Peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activates. Moreover, the treatment of chili seeds with these bacterial isolates significantly suppressed the damping-off caused by P. myriotylum and improved PGP traits compared to the control. In addition, a positive correlation was noticed between shoot, root length, and dry shoot and root weight, and there was a negative correlation between dry shoot, root weight, and seedling percentage mortality. These results showed that native PGPR possesses multiple traits beneficial to the chili plants and can be used to develop eco-friendly and effective seed treatment formulation as an alternative to synthetic chemical fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Hyder
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | | | - Zarrin Fatima Rizvi
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Rashida Atiq
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Nida Fatima
- Department of Soil Science and SWC, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Inam-Ul-Haq
- Department of Plant Pathology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Meena M, Swapnil P, Divyanshu K, Kumar S, Harish, Tripathi YN, Zehra A, Marwal A, Upadhyay RS. PGPR-mediated induction of systemic resistance and physiochemical alterations in plants against the pathogens: Current perspectives. J Basic Microbiol 2020; 60:828-861. [PMID: 32815221 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202000370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are diverse groups of plant-associated microorganisms, which can reduce the severity or incidence of disease during antagonism among bacteria and soil-borne pathogens, as well as by influencing a systemic resistance to elicit defense response in host plants. An amalgamation of various strains of PGPR has improved the efficacy by enhancing the systemic resistance opposed to various pathogens affecting the crop. Many PGPR used with seed treatment causes structural improvement of the cell wall and physiological/biochemical changes leading to the synthesis of proteins, peptides, and chemicals occupied in plant defense mechanisms. The major determinants of PGPR-mediated induced systemic resistance (ISR) are lipopolysaccharides, lipopeptides, siderophores, pyocyanin, antibiotics 2,4-diacetylphoroglucinol, the volatile 2,3-butanediol, N-alkylated benzylamine, and iron-regulated compounds. Many PGPR inoculants have been commercialized and these inoculants consequently aid in the improvement of crop growth yield and provide effective reinforcement to the crop from disease, whereas other inoculants are used as biofertilizers for native as well as crops growing at diverse extreme habitat and exhibit multifunctional plant growth-promoting attributes. A number of applications of PGPR formulation are needed to maintain the resistance levels in crop plants. Several microarray-based studies have been done to identify the genes, which are associated with PGPR-induced systemic resistance. Identification of these genes associated with ISR-mediating disease suppression and biochemical changes in the crop plant is one of the essential steps in understanding the disease resistance mechanisms in crops. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the PGPR-mediated innovative methods, focusing on the mode of action of compounds authorized that may be significant in the development contributing to enhance plant growth, disease resistance, and serve as an efficient bioinoculants for sustainable agriculture. The review also highlights current research progress in this field with a special emphasis on challenges, limitations, and their environmental and economic advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Meena
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.,Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Prashant Swapnil
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.,Department of Botany, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Kumari Divyanshu
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Harish
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Yashoda Nandan Tripathi
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Andleeb Zehra
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Avinash Marwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Vigyan Bhawan-Block B, New Campus, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ram Sanmukh Upadhyay
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Characterization of native plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and their anti-oomycete potential against Phytophthora capsici affecting chilli pepper (Capsicum annum L.). Sci Rep 2020; 10:13859. [PMID: 32807801 PMCID: PMC7431856 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69410-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytophthora capsici is a notorious fungus which infects many crop plants at their early and late growth stages. In the present study, twelve P. capsici isolates were morphologically characterized, and based on pathogenicity assays; two highly virulent isolates causing post-emergence damping-off on locally cultivated chilli pepper were screened. Two P. capsici isolates, HydPak1 (MF322868) and HydPk2 (MF322869) were identified based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence homology. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) play a significant role in disease suppression and plant growth promotion in various crops. Out of fifteen bacterial strains recovered from chilli rhizosphere, eight were found potential antagonists to P. capsici in vitro. Bacterial strains with strong antifungal potential were subjected to biochemical and molecular analysis. All tested bacterial strains, were positive for hydrogen cyanide (HCN), catalase production and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production (ranging from 6.10 to 56.23 µg ml-1), while siderophore production varied between 12.5 and 33.5%. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis of tested bacterial strains showed 98-100% identity with Pseudomonas putida, P. libanensis, P. aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, B. megaterium, and B. cereus sequences available in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank nucleotide database. All sequences of identified bacteria were submitted to GenBank for accessions numbers (MH796347-50, MH796355-56, MH801129 and MH801071). Greenhouse studies concluded that all tested bacterial strains significantly suppressed the P. capsici infections (52.3-63%) and enhanced the plant growth characters in chilli pepper. Efficacy of many of these tested rhizobacteria is being first time reported against P. capsici from Pakistan. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) exhibiting multiple traits may be used in the development of new, eco-friendly, and effective bioformulations as an alternative to synthetic fungicides.
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Odaro-Junior Umukoro B. Tropical Crops and Microbes. Microorganisms 2020. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.89531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Li M, Yang F, Wu X, Yan H, Liu Y. Effects of continuous cropping of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) on its endophytic and soil bacterial community by high-throughput sequencing. ANN MICROBIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-020-01583-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
As a major sugar crop, sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) plays an important role in both sugar industry and feed products. Soil, acts as the substrate for plant growth, provides not only nutrients to plants but also a habitat for soil microorganisms. High soil fertility and good micro-ecological environment are basic requirements for obtaining high-yield and high-sugar sugar beets. This study aimed at exploring the effects of continuous cropping of sugar beet on its endophytic, soil bacterial community structures, and diversity.
Methods
Using high-throughput sequencing technology which is based on Illumina Hiseq 2500 platform, the seeds of sugar beet (sample S), non-continuous cropping sugar beet (sample Bn) with its rhizosphere soil (sample Sr), and planting soil (sample Sn), continuous cropping sugar beet (sample Bc) with its planting soil (sample Sc), were collected as research materials.
Result
The results showed that the bacterial communities and diversity in each sample exhibited different OTU richness; 67.9% and 63.8% of total endophytic OTUs from samples Bc and Bn shared with their planting soil samples Sc and Sn, while sharing 36.4% and 31.8% of total OTUs with their seed sample S. Pseudarthrobacter and Bacillus as the two major groups coexisted among all samples, and other shared groups belonged to Achromobacter, Sphingomonas, Novosphingobium, Terribacillus, Planococcus, Paracoccus, Nesterenkonia, Halomonas, and Nocardioides. Genera, including Pantoea, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Weissella, Leuconostoc, and Acinetobacter, were detected in each sugar beet sample but not in their corresponding soil sample. In this study, the bacterial community structures and soil compositions have significantly changed before and after continuous cropping; however, the effects of continuous cropping on endophytic bacteria of sugar beet were not statistically significant.
Conclusion
This study would provide a scientific basis and reference information for in-depth research on correlations between continuous cropping and micro-ecological environment of sugar beet plant.
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Endophytic microbes: biodiversity, plant growth-promoting mechanisms and potential applications for agricultural sustainability. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2020; 113:1075-1107. [PMID: 32488494 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-020-01429-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Endophytic microbes are known to live asymptomatically inside their host throughout different stages of their life cycle and play crucial roles in the growth, development, fitness, and diversification of plants. The plant-endophyte association ranges from mutualism to pathogenicity. These microbes help the host to combat a diverse array of biotic and abiotic stressful conditions. Endophytic microbes play a major role in the growth promotion of their host by solubilizing of macronutrients such as phosphorous, potassium, and zinc; fixing of atmospheric nitrogen, synthesizing of phytohormones, siderophores, hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, and act as a biocontrol agent against wide array of phytopathogens. Endophytic microbes are beneficial to plants by directly promoting their growth or indirectly by inhibiting the growth of phytopathogens. Over a long period of co-evolution, endophytic microbes have attained the mechanism of synthesis of various hydrolytic enzymes such as pectinase, xylanases, cellulase, and proteinase which help in the penetration of endophytic microbes into tissues of plants. The effective usage of endophytic microbes in the form of bioinoculants reduce the usage of chemical fertilizers. Endophytic microbes belong to different phyla such as Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Deinococcus-thermus, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. The most predominant and studied endophytic bacteria belonged to Proteobacteria followed by Firmicutes and then by Actinobacteria. The most dominant among reported genera in most of the leguminous and non-leguminous plants are Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Fusarium, Burkholderia, Rhizobium, and Klebsiella. In future, endophytic microbes have a wide range of potential for maintaining health of plant as well as environmental conditions for agricultural sustainability. The present review is focused on endophytic microbes, their diversity in leguminous as well as non-leguminous crops, biotechnological applications, and ability to promote the growth of plant for agro-environmental sustainability.
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Götze S, Stallforth P. Structure, properties, and biological functions of nonribosomal lipopeptides from pseudomonads. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:29-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c9np00022d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria of the genusPseudomonasdisplay a fascinating metabolic diversity. In this review, we focus our attention on the natural product class of nonribosomal lipopeptides, which help pseudomonads to colonize a wide range of ecological niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Götze
- Faculty 7: Natural and Environmental Sciences
- Institute for Environmental Sciences
- University Koblenz Landau
- 76829 Landau
- Germany
| | - Pierre Stallforth
- Junior Research Group Chemistry of Microbial Communication
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology Hans Knöll Institute (HKI)
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
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Fenibo EO, Ijoma GN, Selvarajan R, Chikere CB. Microbial Surfactants: The Next Generation Multifunctional Biomolecules for Applications in the Petroleum Industry and Its Associated Environmental Remediation. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E581. [PMID: 31752381 PMCID: PMC6920868 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactants are a broad category of tensio-active biomolecules with multifunctional properties applications in diverse industrial sectors and processes. Surfactants are produced synthetically and biologically. The biologically derived surfactants (biosurfactants) are produced from microorganisms, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis Candida albicans, and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus as dominant species. Rhamnolipids, sophorolipids, mannosylerithritol lipids, surfactin, and emulsan are well known in terms of their biotechnological applications. Biosurfactants can compete with synthetic surfactants in terms of performance, with established advantages over synthetic ones, including eco-friendliness, biodegradability, low toxicity, and stability over a wide variability of environmental factors. However, at present, synthetic surfactants are a preferred option in different industrial applications because of their availability in commercial quantities, unlike biosurfactants. The usage of synthetic surfactants introduces new species of recalcitrant pollutants into the environment and leads to undesired results when a wrong selection of surfactants is made. Substituting synthetic surfactants with biosurfactants resolves these drawbacks, thus interest has been intensified in biosurfactant applications in a wide range of industries hitherto considered as experimental fields. This review, therefore, intends to offer an overview of diverse applications in which biosurfactants have been found to be useful, with emphases on petroleum biotechnology, environmental remediation, and the agriculture sector. The application of biosurfactants in these settings would lead to industrial growth and environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel O. Fenibo
- World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence, Centre for Oilfield Chemical Research, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt 500272, Nigeria
| | - Grace N. Ijoma
- Institute for the Development of Energy for African Sustainability, University of South Africa, Roodepoort 1709, South Africa;
| | - Ramganesh Selvarajan
- Department of Environmental Science, University of South Africa, Florida Campus, Rooderpoort 1709, South Africa
| | - Chioma B. Chikere
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt 500272, Nigeria;
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Bacterial Dispersers along Preferential Flow Paths of a Clay Till Depth Profile. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.02658-18. [PMID: 30658975 PMCID: PMC6414393 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02658-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to disperse is considered essential for soil bacteria colonization and survival, yet very little is known about the dispersal ability of communities from different heterogeneous soil compartments. Important factors for dispersal are the thickness and connectivity of the liquid film between soil particles. The present results from a fractured clay till depth profile suggest that dispersal ability is common in various soil compartments and that most are dominated by a few dispersing taxa. Importantly, an increase in shared dispersers among the preferential flow paths of the clay till suggests that active dispersal plays a role in the successful colonization of these habitats. This study assessed the dispersal of five bacterial communities from contrasting compartments along a fractured clay till depth profile comprising plow layer soil, preferential flow paths (biopores and the tectonic fractures below), and matrix sediments, down to 350 cm below the surface. A recently developed expansion of the porous surface model (PSM) was used to capture bacterial communities dispersing under controlled hydration conditions on a soil-like surface. All five communities contained bacteria capable of active dispersal under relatively low hydration conditions (−3.1 kPa). Further testing of the plow layer community revealed active dispersal even at matric potentials of −6.3 to −8.4 kPa, previously thought to be too dry for dispersal on the PSM. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, the dispersing communities were found to be less diverse than their corresponding total communities. The dominant dispersers in most compartments belonged to the genus Pseudomonas and, in the plow layer soil, to Rahnella as well. An exception to this was the dispersing community in the matrix at 350 cm below the surface, which was dominated by Pantoea. Hydrologically connected compartments shared proportionally more dispersing than nondispersing amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), suggesting that active dispersal is important for colonizing these compartments. These results highlight the importance of including soil profile heterogeneity when assessing the role of active dispersal and contribute to discerning the importance of active dispersal in the soil environment. IMPORTANCE The ability to disperse is considered essential for soil bacteria colonization and survival, yet very little is known about the dispersal ability of communities from different heterogeneous soil compartments. Important factors for dispersal are the thickness and connectivity of the liquid film between soil particles. The present results from a fractured clay till depth profile suggest that dispersal ability is common in various soil compartments and that most are dominated by a few dispersing taxa. Importantly, an increase in shared dispersers among the preferential flow paths of the clay till suggests that active dispersal plays a role in the successful colonization of these habitats.
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Kenawy A, Dailin DJ, Abo-Zaid GA, Malek RA, Ambehabati KK, Zakaria KHN, Sayyed RZ, El Enshasy HA. Biosynthesis of Antibiotics by PGPR and Their Roles in Biocontrol of Plant Diseases. PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA FOR SUSTAINABLE STRESS MANAGEMENT 2019:1-35. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6986-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Achari GA, Ramesh R. Characterization of quorum quenching enzymes from endophytic and rhizosphere colonizing bacteria. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hennessy RC, Glaring MA, Olsson S, Stougaard P. Transcriptomic profiling of microbe-microbe interactions reveals the specific response of the biocontrol strain P. fluorescens In5 to the phytopathogen Rhizoctonia solani. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:376. [PMID: 28807055 PMCID: PMC5557065 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2704-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies to date report the transcriptional response of biocontrol bacteria toward phytopathogens. In order to gain insights into the potential mechanism underlying the antagonism of the antimicrobial producing strain P. fluorescens In5 against the phytopathogens Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium aphanidermatum, global RNA sequencing was performed. METHODS Differential gene expression profiling of P. fluorescens In5 in response to either R. solani or P. aphanidermatum was investigated using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). Total RNA was isolated from single bacterial cultures of P. fluorescens In5 or bacterial cultures in dual-culture for 48 h with each pathogen in biological triplicates. RNA-seq libraries were constructed following a default Illumina stranded RNA protocol including rRNA depletion and were sequenced 2 × 100 bases on Illumina HiSeq generating approximately 10 million reads per sample. RESULTS No significant changes in global gene expression were recorded during dual-culture of P. fluorescens In5 with any of the two pathogens but rather each pathogen appeared to induce expression of a specific set of genes. A particularly strong transcriptional response to R. solani was observed and notably several genes possibly associated with secondary metabolite detoxification and metabolism were highly upregulated in response to the fungus. A total of 23 genes were significantly upregulated and seven genes were significantly downregulated with at least respectively a threefold change in expression level in response to R. solani compared to the no fungus control. In contrast, only one gene was significantly upregulated over threefold and three transcripts were significantly downregulated over threefold in response to P. aphanidermatum. Genes known to be involved in synthesis of secondary metabolites, e.g. non-ribosomal synthetases and hydrogen cyanide were not differentially expressed at the time points studied. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that genes possibly involved in metabolite detoxification are highly upregulated in P. fluorescens In5 when co-cultured with plant pathogens and in particular the fungus R. solani. This highlights the importance of studying microbe-microbe interactions to gain a better understanding of how different systems function in vitro and ultimately in natural systems where biocontrol agents can be used for the sustainable management of plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna C Hennessy
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Mikkel A Glaring
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Stefan Olsson
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
| | - Peter Stougaard
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Radhajeyalakshmi R, Sethuraman K, Ganesan KN, Kumari VN, Karthikeyan G, Bharathi C. Cyclic depsipeptide producing fluorescent pseudomonads exerts antifungal activity against fungal pathogens of maize (Zea mays). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/ajmr2016.8265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Huang CJ, Pauwelyn E, Ongena M, Debois D, Leclère V, Jacques P, Bleyaert P, Höfte M. Characterization of Cichopeptins, New Phytotoxic Cyclic Lipodepsipeptides Produced by Pseudomonas cichorii SF1-54 and Their Role in Bacterial Midrib Rot Disease of Lettuce. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2015; 28:1009-22. [PMID: 25961750 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-03-15-0061-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The lettuce midrib rot pathogen Pseudomonas cichorii SF1-54 produces seven bioactive compounds with biosurfactant properties. Two compounds exhibited necrosis-inducing activity on chicory leaves. The structure of the two phytotoxic compounds, named cichopeptin A and B, was tentatively characterized. They are related cyclic lipopeptides composed of an unsaturated C12-fatty acid chain linked to the N-terminus of a 22-amino acid peptide moiety. Cichopeptin B differs from cichopeptin A only in the last C-terminal amino acid residue, which is probably Val instead of Leu/Ile. Based on peptide sequence similarity, cichopeptins are new cyclic lipopeptides related to corpeptin, produced by the tomato pathogen Pseudomonas corrugata. Production of cichopeptin is stimulated by glycine betaine but not by choline, an upstream precursor of glycine betaine. Furthermore, a gene cluster encoding cichopeptin synthethases, cipABCDEF, is responsible for cichopeptin biosynthesis. A cipA-deletion mutant exhibited significantly less virulence and rotten midribs than the parental strain upon spray inoculation on lettuce. However, the parental and mutant strains multiplied in lettuce leaves at a similar rate. These results demonstrate that cichopeptins contribute to virulence of P. cichorii SF1-54 on lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Jui Huang
- 1 Department of Crop Protection, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- 2 Department of Plant Medicine, National Chiayi University, No. 300, Syuefu Rd., Chiayi City, 60004, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Ellen Pauwelyn
- 1 Department of Crop Protection, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- 3 Inagro vzw, Ieperseweg 87, 8800 Rumbeke, Belgium
| | - Marc Ongena
- 4 Walloon Centre for Industrial Biology, University of Liège-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Delphine Debois
- 5 Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSM/GIGA-R), Chemistry Department, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Valerie Leclère
- 6 Laboratoire de Procédés Biologiques, Génie Enzymatique et Microbien (ProBioGEM), Université de Lille Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Jacques
- 6 Laboratoire de Procédés Biologiques, Génie Enzymatique et Microbien (ProBioGEM), Université de Lille Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | | | - Monica Höfte
- 1 Department of Crop Protection, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Liu Y, Rzeszutek E, van der Voort M, Wu CH, Thoen E, Skaar I, Bulone V, Dorrestein PC, Raaijmakers JM, de Bruijn I. Diversity of Aquatic Pseudomonas Species and Their Activity against the Fish Pathogenic Oomycete Saprolegnia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136241. [PMID: 26317985 PMCID: PMC4552890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging fungal and oomycete pathogens are increasingly threatening animals and plants globally. Amongst oomycetes, Saprolegnia species adversely affect wild and cultivated populations of amphibians and fish, leading to substantial reductions in biodiversity and food productivity. With the ban of several chemical control measures, new sustainable methods are needed to mitigate Saprolegnia infections in aquaculture. Here, PhyloChip-based community analyses showed that the Pseudomonadales, particularly Pseudomonas species, represent one of the largest bacterial orders associated with salmon eggs from a commercial hatchery. Among the Pseudomonas species isolated from salmon eggs, significantly more biosurfactant producers were retrieved from healthy salmon eggs than from Saprolegnia-infected eggs. Subsequent in vivo activity bioassays showed that Pseudomonas isolate H6 significantly reduced salmon egg mortality caused by Saprolegnia diclina. Live colony mass spectrometry showed that strain H6 produces a viscosin-like lipopeptide surfactant. This biosurfactant inhibited growth of Saprolegnia in vitro, but no significant protection of salmon eggs against Saprolegniosis was observed. These results indicate that live inocula of aquatic Pseudomonas strains, instead of their bioactive compound, can provide new (micro)biological and sustainable means to mitigate oomycete diseases in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Liu
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elzbieta Rzeszutek
- Division of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Menno van der Voort
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cheng-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, United States of America
| | - Even Thoen
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida Skaar
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vincent Bulone
- Division of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pieter C. Dorrestein
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jos M. Raaijmakers
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Irene de Bruijn
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Lee DW, Kim BS. Antimicrobial cyclic peptides for plant disease control. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 31:1-11. [PMID: 25774105 PMCID: PMC4356600 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.rw.08.2014.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial cyclic peptides derived from microbes bind stably with target sites, have a tolerance to hydrolysis by proteases, and a favorable degradability under field conditions, which make them an attractive proposition for use as agricultural fungicides. Antimicrobial cyclic peptides are classified according to the types of bonds within the ring structure; homodetic, heterodetic, and complex cyclic peptides, which in turn reflect diverse physicochemical features. Most antimicrobial cyclic peptides affect the integrity of the cell envelope. This is achieved through direct interaction with the cell membrane or disturbance of the cell wall and membrane component biosynthesis such as chitin, glucan, and sphingolipid. These are specific and selective targets providing reliable activity and safety for non-target organisms. Synthetic cyclic peptides produced through combinatorial chemistry offer an alternative approach to develop antimicrobials for agricultural uses. Those synthesized so far have been studied for antibacterial activity, however, the recent advancements in powerful technologies now promise to provide novel antimicrobial cyclic peptides that are yet to be discovered from natural resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beom Seok Kim
- Corresponding author. Phone) 2-3290-3047, FAX) 2-921-1715, E-mail)
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Bak F, Bonnichsen L, Jørgensen NOG, Nicolaisen MH, Nybroe O. The biosurfactant viscosin transiently stimulates n-hexadecane mineralization by a bacterial consortium. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:1475-83. [PMID: 25216581 PMCID: PMC4306737 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6054-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas produces powerful lipopeptide biosurfactants including viscosin, massetolide A, putisolvin, and amphisin, but their ability to stimulate alkane mineralization and their utility for bioremediation have received limited attention. The four Pseudomonas lipopeptides yielded emulsification indices on hexadecane of 20–31 % at 90 mg/l, which is comparable to values for the synthetic surfactant Tween 80. Viscosin was the optimal emulsifier and significantly stimulated n-hexadecane mineralization by diesel-degrading bacterial consortia but exclusively during the first 2 days of batch culture experiments. Growth of the consortia, as determined by OD600 measurements and quantification of the alkB marker gene for alkane degradation, was arrested after the first day of the experiment. In contrast, the control consortia continued to grow and reached higher OD600 values and higher alkB copy numbers during the next days. Due to the short-lived stimulation of n-hexadecane mineralization, the stability of viscosin was analyzed, and it was observed that added viscosin was degraded by the bacterial consortium during the first 2 days. Hence, viscosin has a potential as stimulator of alkane degradation, but its utility in bioremediation may be limited by its rapid degradation and growth-inhibiting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Bak
- Section of Genetics and Microbiology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Yang MM, Wen SS, Mavrodi DV, Mavrodi OV, von Wettstein D, Thomashow LS, Guo JH, Weller DM. Biological control of wheat root diseases by the CLP-producing strain Pseudomonas fluorescens HC1-07. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2014; 104:248-56. [PMID: 24512115 PMCID: PMC5523110 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-13-0142-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas fluorescens HC1-07, previously isolated from the phyllosphere of wheat grown in Hebei province, China, suppresses the soilborne disease of wheat take-all, caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. We report here that strain HC1-07 also suppresses Rhizoctonia root rot of wheat caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-8. Strain HC1-07 produced a cyclic lipopeptide (CLP) with a molecular weight of 1,126.42 based on analysis by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Extracted CLP inhibited the growth of G. graminis var. tritici and R. solani in vitro. To determine the role of this CLP in biological control, plasposon mutagenesis was used to generate two nonproducing mutants, HC1-07viscB and HC1-07prtR2. Analysis of regions flanking plasposon insertions in HC1-07prtR2 and HC1-07viscB revealed that the inactivated genes were similar to prtR and viscB, respectively, of the well-described biocontrol strain P. fluorescens SBW25 that produces the CLP viscosin. Both genes in HC1-07 were required for the production of the viscosin-like CLP. The two mutants were less inhibitory to G. graminis var. tritici and R. solani in vitro and reduced in ability to suppress take-all. HC1-07viscB but not HC-07prtR2 was reduced in ability to suppress Rhizoctonia root rot. In addition to CLP production, prtR also played a role in protease production.
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Janek T, Krasowska A, Radwańska A, Łukaszewicz M. Lipopeptide biosurfactant pseudofactin II induced apoptosis of melanoma A 375 cells by specific interaction with the plasma membrane. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57991. [PMID: 23483962 PMCID: PMC3590301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the case of melanoma, advances in therapies are slow, which raises the need to evaluate new therapeutic strategies and natural products with potential cancer cell inhibiting effect. Pseudofactin II (PFII), a novel cyclic lipopeptide biosurfactant has been isolated from the Arctic strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens BD5. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PFII on A375 melanoma cells compared with the effect of PFII on Normal Human Dermis Fibroblast (NHDF) cells and elucidate the underlying mechanism of PFII cytotoxic activity. Melanoma A375 cells and NHDF cells were exposed to PFII or staurosporine and apoptotic death was assessed by monitoring caspase 3-like activity and DNA fragmentation. From time-dependent monitoring of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, Ca(2+) influx, and a correlation between Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) we concluded that cell death is the consequence of plasma membrane permeabilisation by micelles. This finding suggests that pro-apoptotic mechanism of PFII is different from previously described cyclic lipopeptides. The mechanism of PFII specificity towards malignant cells remains to be discovered. The results of this study show that PFII could be a new promising anti-melanoma agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Janek
- Department of Biotransformation, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Krasowska
- Department of Biotransformation, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agata Radwańska
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Łukaszewicz
- Department of Biotransformation, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
- Division of Chemistry and Technology Fuels, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
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Biosurfactants in agriculture. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:1005-16. [PMID: 23280539 PMCID: PMC3555348 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural productivity to meet growing demands of human population is a matter of great concern for all countries. Use of green compounds to achieve the sustainable agriculture is the present necessity. This review highlights the enormous use of harsh surfactants in agricultural soil and agrochemical industries. Biosurfactants which are reported to be produced by bacteria, yeasts, and fungi can serve as green surfactants. Biosurfactants are considered to be less toxic and eco-friendly and thus several types of biosurfactants have the potential to be commercially produced for extensive applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food industries. The biosurfactants synthesized by environmental isolates also has promising role in the agricultural industry. Many rhizosphere and plant associated microbes produce biosurfactant; these biomolecules play vital role in motility, signaling, and biofilm formation, indicating that biosurfactant governs plant–microbe interaction. In agriculture, biosurfactants can be used for plant pathogen elimination and for increasing the bioavailability of nutrient for beneficial plant associated microbes. Biosurfactants can widely be applied for improving the agricultural soil quality by soil remediation. These biomolecules can replace the harsh surfactant presently being used in million dollar pesticide industries. Thus, exploring biosurfactants from environmental isolates for investigating their potential role in plant growth promotion and other related agricultural applications warrants details research. Conventional methods are followed for screening the microbial population for production of biosurfactant. However, molecular methods are fewer in reaching biosurfactants from diverse microbial population and there is need to explore novel biosurfactant from uncultured microbes in soil biosphere by using advanced methodologies like functional metagenomics.
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Mitter B, Brader G, Afzal M, Compant S, Naveed M, Trognitz F, Sessitsch A. Advances in Elucidating Beneficial Interactions Between Plants, Soil, and Bacteria. ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY 2013:381-445. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407685-3.00007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
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Kupferschmied P, Maurhofer M, Keel C. Promise for plant pest control: root-associated pseudomonads with insecticidal activities. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:287. [PMID: 23914197 PMCID: PMC3728486 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Insects are an important and probably the most challenging pest to control in agriculture, in particular when they feed on belowground parts of plants. The application of synthetic pesticides is problematic owing to side effects on the environment, concerns for public health and the rapid development of resistance. Entomopathogenic bacteria, notably Bacillus thuringiensis and Photorhabdus/Xenorhabdus species, are promising alternatives to chemical insecticides, for they are able to efficiently kill insects and are considered to be environmentally sound and harmless to mammals. However, they have the handicap of showing limited environmental persistence or of depending on a nematode vector for insect infection. Intriguingly, certain strains of plant root-colonizing Pseudomonas bacteria display insect pathogenicity and thus could be formulated to extend the present range of bioinsecticides for protection of plants against root-feeding insects. These entomopathogenic pseudomonads belong to a group of plant-beneficial rhizobacteria that have the remarkable ability to suppress soil-borne plant pathogens, promote plant growth, and induce systemic plant defenses. Here we review for the first time the current knowledge about the occurrence and the molecular basis of insecticidal activity in pseudomonads with an emphasis on plant-beneficial and prominent pathogenic species. We discuss how this fascinating Pseudomonas trait may be exploited for novel root-based approaches to insect control in an integrated pest management framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kupferschmied
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
| | - Monika Maurhofer
- Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Keel
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Christoph Keel, Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland e-mail:
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Mavrodi DV, Mavrodi OV, Parejko JA, Bonsall RF, Kwak YS, Paulitz TC, Thomashow LS, Weller DM. Accumulation of the antibiotic phenazine-1-carboxylic acid in the rhizosphere of dryland cereals. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:804-12. [PMID: 22138981 PMCID: PMC3264129 DOI: 10.1128/aem.06784-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural antibiotics are thought to function in the defense, fitness, competitiveness, biocontrol activity, communication, and gene regulation of microorganisms. However, the scale and quantitative aspects of antibiotic production in natural settings are poorly understood. We addressed these fundamental questions by assessing the geographic distribution of indigenous phenazine-producing (Phz(+)) Pseudomonas spp. and the accumulation of the broad-spectrum antibiotic phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) in the rhizosphere of wheat grown in the low-precipitation zone (<350 mm) of the Columbia Plateau and in adjacent, higher-precipitation areas. Plants were collected from 61 commercial wheat fields located within an area of about 22,000 km(2). Phz(+) Pseudomonas spp. were detected in all sampled fields, with mean population sizes ranging from log 3.2 to log 7.1 g(-1) (fresh weight) of roots. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a significant inverse relationship between annual precipitation and the proportion of plants colonized by Phz(+) Pseudomonas spp. (r(2) = 0.36, P = 0.0001). PCA was detected at up to nanomolar concentrations in the rhizosphere of plants from 26 of 29 fields that were selected for antibiotic quantitation. There was a direct relationship between the amount of PCA extracted from the rhizosphere and the population density of Phz(+) pseudomonads (r(2) = 0.46, P = 0.0006). This is the first demonstration of accumulation of significant quantities of a natural antibiotic across a terrestrial ecosystem. Our results strongly suggest that natural antibiotics can transiently accumulate in the plant rhizosphere in amounts sufficient not only for inter- and intraspecies signaling but also for the direct inhibition of sensitive organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri V. Mavrodi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Olga V. Mavrodi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - James A. Parejko
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Robert F. Bonsall
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Youn-Sig Kwak
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Timothy C. Paulitz
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Root Disease and Biological Control Research Unit, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Linda S. Thomashow
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Root Disease and Biological Control Research Unit, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - David M. Weller
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Root Disease and Biological Control Research Unit, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Abdelmohsen UR, Zhang G, Philippe A, Schmitz W, Pimentel-Elardo SM, Hertlein-Amslinger B, Hentschel U, Bringmann G. Cyclodysidins A–D, cyclic lipopeptides from the marine sponge-derived Streptomyces strain RV15. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Raaijmakers JM, Mazzola M. Diversity and natural functions of antibiotics produced by beneficial and plant pathogenic bacteria. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2012; 50:403-24. [PMID: 22681451 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-081211-172908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Soil- and plant-associated environments harbor numerous bacteria that produce antibiotic metabolites with specific or broad-spectrum activities against coexisting microorganisms. The function and ecological importance of antibiotics have long been assumed to yield a survival advantage to the producing bacteria in the highly competitive but resource-limited soil environments through direct suppression. Although specific antibiotics may enhance producer persistence when challenged by competitors or predators in soil habitats, at subinhibitory concentrations antibiotics exhibit a diversity of other roles in the life history of the producing bacteria. Many processes modulated by antibiotics may be inherently critical to the producing bacterium, such as the acquisition of substrates or initiation of developmental changes that will ensure survival under stressful conditions. Antibiotics may also have roles in more complex interactions, including in virulence on host plants or in shaping the outcomes of multitrophic interactions. The innate functions of antibiotics to producing bacteria in their native ecosystem are just beginning to emerge, but current knowledge already reveals a breadth of activities well beyond the historical perspective of antibiotics as weaponry in microbial conflicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos M Raaijmakers
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Yeung AT, Gu YY. A review on techniques to enhance electrochemical remediation of contaminated soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 195:11-29. [PMID: 21889259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical remediation is a promising remediation technology for soils contaminated with inorganic, organic, and mixed contaminants. A direct-current electric field is imposed on the contaminated soil to extract the contaminants by the combined mechanisms of electroosmosis, electromigration, and/or electrophoresis. The technology is particularly effective in fine-grained soils of low hydraulic conductivity and large specific surface area. However, the effectiveness of the technology may be diminished by sorption of contaminants on soil particle surfaces and various effects induced by the hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions generated at the electrodes. Various enhancement techniques have been developed to tackle these diminishing effects. A comprehensive review of these techniques is given in this paper with a view to providing useful information to researchers and practitioners in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert T Yeung
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
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Novel application of cyclolipopeptide amphisin: feasibility study as additive to remediate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contaminated sediments. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:1787-806. [PMID: 21673923 PMCID: PMC3111634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12031787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To decontaminate dredged harbor sediments by bioremediation or electromigration processes, adding biosurfactants could enhance the bioavailability or mobility of contaminants in an aqueous phase. Pure amphisin from Pseudomonas fluorescens DSS73 displays increased effectiveness in releasing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) strongly adsorbed to sediments when compared to a synthetic anionic surfactant. Amphisin production by the bacteria in the natural environment was also considered. DSS73’s growth is weakened by three model PAHs above saturation, but amphisin is still produced. Estuarine water feeding the dredged material disposal site of a Norman harbor (France) allows both P. fluorescens DSS73 growth and amphisin production.
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Pedersen AL, Winding A, Altenburger A, Ekelund F. Protozoan growth rates on secondary-metabolite-producing Pseudomonas spp. correlate with high-level protozoan taxonomy. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2011; 316:16-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.02182.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Raaijmakers JM, De Bruijn I, Nybroe O, Ongena M. Natural functions of lipopeptides fromBacillusandPseudomonas: more than surfactants and antibiotics. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2010; 34:1037-62. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2010.00221.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 719] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Cameotra SS, Makkar RS, Kaur J, Mehta SK. Synthesis of biosurfactants and their advantages to microorganisms and mankind. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 672:261-80. [PMID: 20545289 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-5979-9_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biosurfactants are surface-active compounds synthesized by a wide variety of microorganisms. They are molecules that have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains and are capable of lowering the surface tension and the interfacial tension of the growth medium. Biosurfactants possess different chemical structures--lipopeptides, glycolipids, neutral lipids and fatty acids. They are nontoxic biomolecules that are biodegradable. Biosurfactants also exhibit strong emulsification of hydrophobic compounds and form stable emulsions. The low water solubility of these hydrophobic compounds limits their availability to microorganisms, which is a potential problem for bioremediation of contaminated sites. Microbially produced surfactants enhance the bioavailability of these hydrophobic compounds for bioremediation. Therefore, biosurfactant-enhanced solubility of pollutants has potential applications in bioremediation. Not only are the biosurfactants useful in a variety of industrial processes, they are also of vital importance to the microbes in adhesion, emulsification, bioavailability, desorption and defense strategy. These interesting facts are discussed in this chapter.
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Mazzola M, de Bruijn I, Cohen MF, Raaijmakers JM. Protozoan-induced regulation of cyclic lipopeptide biosynthesis is an effective predation defense mechanism for Pseudomonas fluorescens. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:6804-11. [PMID: 19717630 PMCID: PMC2772446 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01272-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental bacteria are exposed to a myriad of biotic interactions that influence their function and survival. The grazing activity of protozoan predators significantly impacts the dynamics, diversification, and evolution of bacterial communities in soil ecosystems. To evade protozoan predation, bacteria employ various defense strategies. Soil-dwelling Pseudomonas fluorescens strains SS101 and SBW25 produce the cyclic lipopeptide surfactants (CLPs) massetolide and viscosin, respectively, in a quorum-sensing-independent manner. In this study, CLP production was shown to protect these bacteria from protozoan predation as, compared to CLP-deficient mutants, strains SS101 and SBW25 exhibited resistance to grazing by Naegleria americana in vitro and superior persistence in soil in the presence of this bacterial predator. In the wheat rhizosphere, CLP-producing strains had a direct deleterious impact on the survival of N. americana. In vitro assays further showed that N. americana was three times more sensitive to viscosin than to massetolide and that exposure of strain SS101 or SBW25 to this protozoan resulted in upregulation of CLP biosynthesis genes. Enhanced expression of the massABC and viscABC genes did not require physical contact between the two organisms as gene expression levels were up to threefold higher in bacterial cells harvested 1 cm from feeding protozoans than in cells collected 4 cm from feeding protozoans. These findings document a new natural function of CLPs and highlight that bacterium-protozoan interactions can result in activation of an antipredator response in prey populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Mazzola
- USDA-ARS, 1104 N. Western Ave., Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA.
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Wang C, Ng T, Cao X, Jiang Y, Liu Z, Wen T, Liu F. CLP induces apoptosis in human leukemia K562 cells through Ca2+ regulating extracellular-related protein kinase ERK activation. Cancer Lett 2009; 276:221-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2008] [Revised: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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