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Nawaz M, Afridi MN, Ullah I, Khan IA, Ishaq MS, Su Y, Rizwan HM, Cheng KW, Zhou Q, Wang M. The inhibitory effects of endophytic metabolites on glycated proteins under non-communicable disease conditions: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131869. [PMID: 38670195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Protein glycation in human body is closely linked to the onset/progression of diabetes associated complications. These glycated proteins are commonly known as advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Recent literature has also highlighted the involvement of AGEs in other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular, cancer, and Alzheimer's diseases and explored the impact of plant metabolites on AGEs formation. However, the significance of endophytic metabolites against AGEs has recently garnered attention but has not been thoroughly summarized thus far. Therefore, the objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the importance of endophytic metabolites in combating AGEs under NCDs conditions. Additionally, this review aims to elucidate the processes of AGEs formation, absorption, metabolism, and their harmful effects. Collectively, endophytic metabolites play a crucial role in modulating signaling pathways and enhancing the digestibility properties of gut microbiota (GM) by targeting on AGEs/RAGE (receptor for AGEs) axis. Furthermore, these metabolites exhibit anti-AGEs activities similar to those derived from host plants, but at a lower cost and higher production rate. The use of endophytes as a source of such metabolites offers a risk-free and sustainable approach that holds substantial potential for the treatment and management of NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nawaz
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Muhammad Naveed Afridi
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Irfan Ullah
- CPSP/REU/SGR-2016-021-8421, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ali Khan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Muhammad Saqib Ishaq
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University Peshawar, KP, Pakistan
| | - Yuting Su
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ka-Wing Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Mingfu Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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Zhu X, Wu J, Li S, Xiang L, Jin JM, Liang C, Tang SY. Artificial Biosynthetic Pathway for Efficient Synthesis of Vanillin, a Feruloyl-CoA-Derived Natural Product from Eugenol. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6463-6470. [PMID: 38501643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Eugenol, the main component of essential oil from the Syzygium aromaticum clove tree, has great potential as an alternative bioresource feedstock for biosynthesis purposes. Although eugenol degradation to ferulic acid was investigated, an efficient method for directly converting eugenol to targeted natural products has not been established. Herein we identified the inherent inhibitions by simply combining the previously reported ferulic acid biosynthetic pathway and vanillin biosynthetic pathway. To overcome this, we developed a novel biosynthetic pathway for converting eugenol into vanillin, by introducing cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR), which catalyzes conversion of coniferyl aldehyde to feruloyl-CoA. This approach bypasses the need for two catalysts, namely coniferyl aldehyde dehydrogenase and feruloyl-CoA synthetase, thereby eliminating inhibition while simplifying the pathway. To further improve efficiency, we enhanced CCR catalytic efficiency via directed evolution and leveraged an artificialvanillin biosensor for high-throughput screening. Switching the cofactor preference of CCR from NADP+ to NAD+ significantly improved pathway efficiency. This newly designed pathway provides an alternative strategy for efficiently biosynthesizing feruloyl-CoA-derived natural products using eugenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochong Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jieyuan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shizhong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - La Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jian-Ming Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chaoning Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shuang-Yan Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Madhavan A, Arun KB, Alex D, Anoopkumar AN, Emmanual S, Chaturvedi P, Varjani S, Tiwari A, Kumar V, Reshmy R, Awasthi MK, Binod P, Aneesh EM, Sindhu R. Microbial production of nutraceuticals: Metabolic engineering interventions in phenolic compounds, poly unsaturated fatty acids and carotenoids synthesis. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:2092-2104. [PMID: 37273565 PMCID: PMC10232702 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05482-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nutraceuticals have attained substantial attention due to their health-boosting or disease-prevention characteristics. Growing awareness about the potential of nutraceuticals for the prevention and management of diseases affecting human has led to an increase in the market value of nutraceuticals in several billion dollars. Nevertheless, limitations in supply and isolation complications from plants, animals or fungi, limit the large-scale production of nutraceuticals. Microbial engineering at metabolic level has been proved as an environment friendly substitute for the chemical synthesis of nutraceuticals. Extensively used microbial systems such as E. coli and S. cerevisiae have been modified as versatile cell factories for the synthesis of diverse nutraceuticals. This review describes current interventions in metabolic engineering for synthesising some of the therapeutically important nutraceuticals (phenolic compounds, polyunsaturated fatty acids and carotenoids). We focus on the interventions in enhancing product yield through engineering at gene level or pathway level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Madhavan
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695014 India
| | - K. B. Arun
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695014 India
| | - Deepthy Alex
- Department of Biotechnology, Mar Ivanios College, Trivandrum, Kerala 695015 India
| | - A. N. Anoopkumar
- Department of Zoology, Centre for Research in Emerging Tropical Diseases (CRET‑D), University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala India
| | - Shibitha Emmanual
- Department of Zoology, St. Joseph’s College, Thrissur, Kerala 680121 India
| | - Preeti Chaturvedi
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR- Indian Institute for Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), 31 MG Marg, Lucknow, 226001 India
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Paryavaran Bhavan, CHH Road, Sector 10 A, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382010 India
| | - Archana Tiwari
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201301 India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Fermentation Technology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Jammu, J & K 180001 India
| | - R. Reshmy
- Department of Science and Humanities, Providence College of Engineering, Chengannur, Kerala 689122 India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695019 India
| | - Embalil Mathachan Aneesh
- Department of Zoology, Centre for Research in Emerging Tropical Diseases (CRET‑D), University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Department of Food Technology, T K M Institute of Technology, Kollam, Kerala 691505 India
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Geng Y, Xie Y, Li W, Mou Y, Chen F, Xiao J, Liao X, Hu X, Ji J, Ma L. Toward the bioactive potential of myricitrin in food production: state-of-the-art green extraction and trends in biosynthesis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:10668-10694. [PMID: 37395263 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2227262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Myricitrin is a member of flavonols, natural phenolic compounds extracted from plant resources. It has gained great attention for various biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, as well as cardio-/neuro-/hepatoprotective activities. These effects have been demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo models, making myricitrin a favorable candidate for the exploitation of novel functional foods with potential protective or preventive effects against diseases. This review summarized the health benefits of myricitrin and attempted to uncover its action mechanism, expecting to provide a theoretical basis for their application. Despite enormous bioactive potential of myricitrin, low production, high cost, and environmental damage caused by extracting it from plant resources greatly constrain its practical application. Fortunately, innovative, green, and sustainable extraction techniques are emerging to extract myricitrin, which function as alternatives to conventional techniques. Additionally, biosynthesis based on synthetic biology plays an essential role in industrial-scale manufacturing, which has not been reported for myricitrin exclusively. The construction of microbial cell factories is absolutely an appealing and competitive option to produce myricitrin in large-scale manufacturing. Consequently, state-of-the-art green extraction techniques and trends in biosynthesis were reviewed and discussed to endow an innovative perspective for the large-scale production of myricitrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Geng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingfeng Xie
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Mou
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Xiaojun Liao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junfu Ji
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingjun Ma
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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5
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Zhang X, Cao Y, Liu Y, Lei Y, Zhai R, Chen W, Shi G, Jin JM, Liang C, Tang SY. Designing glucose utilization "highway" for recombinant biosynthesis. Metab Eng 2023; 78:235-247. [PMID: 37394056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
cAMP receptor protein (CRP) is known as a global regulatory factor mainly mediating carbon source catabolism. Herein, we successfully engineered CRP to develop microbial chassis cells with improved recombinant biosynthetic capability in minimal medium with glucose as single carbon source. The obtained best-performing cAMP-independent CRPmu9 mutant conferred both faster cell growth and a 133-fold improvement in expression level of lac promoter in presence of 2% glucose, compared with strain under regulation of CRPwild-type. Promoters free from "glucose repression" are advantageous for recombinant expression, as glucose is a frequently used inexpensive carbon source in high-cell-density fermentations. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the CRP mutant globally rewired cell metabolism, displaying elevated tricarboxylic acid cycle activity; reduced acetate formation; increased nucleotide biosynthesis; and improved ATP synthesis, tolerance, and stress-resistance activity. Metabolites analysis confirmed the enhancement of glucose utilization with the upregulation of glycolysis and glyoxylate-tricarboxylic acid cycle. As expected, an elevated biosynthetic capability was demonstrated with vanillin, naringenin and caffeic acid biosynthesis in strains regulated by CRPmu9. This study has expanded the significance of CRP optimization into glucose utilization and recombinant biosynthesis, beyond the conventionally designated carbon source utilization other than glucose. The Escherichiacoli cell regulated by CRPmu9 can be potentially used as a beneficial chassis for recombinant biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yufeng Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Yingsheng (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yanyan Lei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ruixue Zhai
- Yingsheng (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Guizhi Shi
- Yingsheng (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jian-Ming Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Chaoning Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Shuang-Yan Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Zhang J, Gong X, Gan Q, Yan Y. Application of Metabolite-Responsive Biosensors for Plant Natural Products Biosynthesis. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:633. [PMID: 37366998 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant natural products (PNPs) have shown various pharmaceutical activities, possessing great potential in global markets. Microbial cell factories (MCFs) provide an economical and sustainable alternative for the synthesis of valuable PNPs compared with traditional approaches. However, the heterologous synthetic pathways always lack native regulatory systems, bringing extra burden to PNPs production. To overcome the challenges, biosensors have been exploited and engineered as powerful tools for establishing artificial regulatory networks to control enzyme expression in response to environments. Here, we reviewed the recent progress involved in the application of biosensors that are responsive to PNPs and their precursors. Specifically, the key roles these biosensors played in PNP synthesis pathways, including isoprenoids, flavonoids, stilbenoids and alkaloids, were discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Zhang
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Xinyu Gong
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Qi Gan
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Yajun Yan
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Current advances on the therapeutic potential of pinocembrin: An updated review. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114032. [PMID: 36481404 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pinocembrin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) is a major flavonoid found in many plants, fungi and hive products, mainly honey and propolis. Several in vitro and preclinical studies revealed numerous pharmacological activities of pinocembrin including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, cardioprotective and anticancer activities. Here, we comprehensively review and critically analyze the studies carried out on pinocembrin. We also discuss its potential mechanisms of action, bioavailability, toxicity, and clinical investigations. The wide therapeutic window of pinocembrin makes it a promising drug candidate for many clinical applications. We recommend some future perspectives to improve its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties for better delivery that may also lead to new therapeutic advances.
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Wang Q, Ma L, Wang Z, Chen Q, Wang Q, Qi Q. Construction and yield optimization of a cinnamylamine biosynthesis route in Escherichia coli. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:100. [PMID: 36175923 PMCID: PMC9524069 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background With the development of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology, the biosynthesis of aromatic compounds has attracted much attention. Cinnamylamine is an aromatic compound derived from l-phenylalanine, which is used in the synthesis of biologically active molecules, including drugs, and energetic materials. Cinnamylamine has been mainly synthesized by chemical methods to date, and few reports have focused on the biosynthesis of cinnamylamine. Therefore, it is desirable to establish an efficient biosynthesis method for cinnamylamine. Results The ω-aminotransferase Cv-ωTA from Chromobacterium violaceum has been demonstrated to have high enzyme activity in the conversion of cinnamaldehyde to cinnamylamine. To prevent the preferable conversion of cinnamaldehyde to cinnamyl alcohol in wild-type Escherichia coli, the E. coli MG1655 strain with reduced aromatic aldehyde reduction (RARE) in which six aldehyde ketone reductase and alcohol dehydrogenase genes have been knocked out was employed. Then, the carboxylic acid reductase from Neurospora crassa (NcCAR) and phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase) from E. coli were screened for a high conversion rate of cinnamic acid to cinnamaldehyde. To shift the equilibrium of the reaction toward cinnamylamine, saturation mutagenesis of Cv-ωTA at key amino acid residues was performed, and Cv-ωTA Y168G had the highest conversion rate with 88.56 mg/L cinnamylamine obtained after 4 h of fermentation. Finally, by optimizing the substrates and the supply of the cofactors, PLP and NADPH, in the fermentation, the yield of cinnamylamine in engineered E. coli reached 523.15 mg/L. Conclusion We achieved the first biosynthesis of cinnamylamine using cinnamic acid as the precursor in E. coli using a combinatorial metabolic engineering strategy. This study provides a reference for the biosynthesis of other amine compounds and lays a foundation for the de novo synthesis of cinnamylamine. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13068-022-02199-7.
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Li H, Lyv Y, Zhou S, Yu S, Zhou J. Microbial cell factories for the production of flavonoids-barriers and opportunities. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127538. [PMID: 35777639 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are natural plant products with important nutritional value, health-promoting benefits, and therapeutic potential. The use of microbial cell factories to generate flavonoids is an appealing option. The microbial biosynthesis of flavonoids is compared to the classic plant extract approach in this review, and the pharmaceutical applications were presented. This paper summarize approaches for effective flavonoid biosynthesis from microorganisms, and discuss the challenges and prospects of microbial flavonoid biosynthesis. Finally, the barriers and strategies for industrial bio-production of flavonoids are highlighted. This review offers guidance on how to create robust microbial cell factories for producing flavonoids and other relevant chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbiao Li
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yunbin Lyv
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shenghu Zhou
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shiqin Yu
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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10
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Isogai S, Tominaga M, Kondo A, Ishii J. Plant Flavonoid Production in Bacteria and Yeasts. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2022.880694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids, a major group of secondary metabolites in plants, are promising for use as pharmaceuticals and food supplements due to their health-promoting biological activities. Industrial flavonoid production primarily depends on isolation from plants or organic synthesis, but neither is a cost-effective or sustainable process. In contrast, recombinant microorganisms have significant potential for the cost-effective, sustainable, environmentally friendly, and selective industrial production of flavonoids, making this an attractive alternative to plant-based production or chemical synthesis. Structurally and functionally diverse flavonoids are derived from flavanones such as naringenin, pinocembrin and eriodictyol, the major basic skeletons for flavonoids, by various modifications. The establishment of flavanone-producing microorganisms can therefore be used as a platform for producing various flavonoids. This review summarizes metabolic engineering and synthetic biology strategies for the microbial production of flavanones. In addition, we describe directed evolution strategies based on recently-developed high-throughput screening technologies for the further improvement of flavanone production. We also describe recent progress in the microbial production of structurally and functionally complicated flavonoids via the flavanone modifications. Strategies based on synthetic biology will aid more sophisticated and controlled microbial production of various flavonoids.
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11
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Using genome and transcriptome analysis to elucidate biosynthetic pathways. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 75:102708. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Zhong R, Farag MA, Chen M, He C, Xiao J. Recent advances in the biosynthesis, structure–activity relationships, formulations, pharmacology, and clinical trials of fisetin. EFOOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/efd2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruting Zhong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine University of Macau Macau China
| | - Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy Cairo University Cairo Egypt
| | - Meiwan Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine University of Macau Macau China
| | - Chengwei He
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine University of Macau Macau China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Universidade de Vigo Ourense Spain
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Sun J, Sun W, Zhang G, Lv B, Li C. High efficient production of plant flavonoids by microbial cell factories: Challenges and opportunities. Metab Eng 2022; 70:143-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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14
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Fidan O, Zhan J, Ren J. Engineered production of bioactive natural products from medicinal plants. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_66_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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15
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Fidan O, Zhan J, Ren J. Engineered production of bioactive natural products from medicinal plants. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/2311-8571.336839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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16
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Cruz L, Basílio N, Mateus N, de Freitas V, Pina F. Natural and Synthetic Flavylium-Based Dyes: The Chemistry Behind the Color. Chem Rev 2021; 122:1416-1481. [PMID: 34843220 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Flavylium compounds are a well-known family of pigments because they are prevalent in the plant kingdom, contributing to colors over a wide range from shades of yellow-red to blue in fruits, flowers, leaves, and other plant parts. Flavylium compounds include a large variety of natural compound classes, namely, anthocyanins, 3-deoxyanthocyanidins, auronidins, and their respective aglycones as well as anthocyanin-derived pigments (e.g., pyranoanthocyanins, anthocyanin-flavan-3-ol dimers). During the past few decades, there has been increasing interest among chemists in synthesizing different flavylium compounds that mimic natural structures but with different substitution patterns that present a variety of spectroscopic characteristics in view of their applications in different industrial fields. This Review provides an overview of the chemistry of flavylium-based compounds, in particular, the synthetic and enzymatic approaches and mechanisms reported in the literature for obtaining different classes of pigments, their physical-chemical properties in relation to their pH-dependent equilibria network, and their chemical and enzymatic degradation. The development of flavylium-based systems is also described throughout this Review for emergent applications to explore some of the physical-chemical properties of the multistate of species generated by these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Cruz
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Basílio
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Nuno Mateus
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Victor de Freitas
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Pina
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Sun C, Li G, Li H, Lyu Y, Yu S, Zhou J. Enhancing Flavan-3-ol Biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:12763-12772. [PMID: 34694796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Flavan-3-ols are a group of flavonoids that exert beneficial effects. This study aimed to enhance key metabolic processes related to flavan-3-ols biosynthesis. The engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain E32 that produces naringenin from glucose was further engineered for de novo production of two basic flavan-3-ols, afzelechin (AFZ) and catechin (CAT). Through introduction of flavonoid 3-hydroxylase, flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), and leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR), de novo production of AFZ and CAT can be achieved. The combination of FaDFR from Fragaria × ananassa and VvLAR from Vitis vinifera was optimal. (GGGGS)2 and (EAAAK)2 linkers between DFR and LAR proved optimal for the production of AFZ and CAT, respectively. Optimization of promoters and the enhanced supply of NADPH further increased the production. By combining the best engineering strategies, the optimum strains produced 500.5 mg/L AFZ and 321.3 mg/L CAT, respectively, after fermentation for 90 h in a 5 L bioreactor. The strategies presented could be applied for a more efficient production of flavan-3-ols by various microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Guangjian Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Hongbiao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yunbin Lyu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shiqin Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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18
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Jin H, Wang Y, Zhao P, Wang L, Zhang S, Meng D, Yang Q, Cheong LZ, Bi Y, Fu Y. Potential of Producing Flavonoids Using Cyanobacteria As a Sustainable Chassis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:12385-12401. [PMID: 34649432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Numerous plant secondary metabolites have remarkable impacts on both food supplements and pharmaceuticals for human health improvement. However, higher plants can only generate small amounts of these chemicals with specific temporal and spatial arrangements, which are unable to satisfy the expanding market demands. Cyanobacteria can directly utilize CO2, light energy, and inorganic nutrients to synthesize versatile plant-specific photosynthetic intermediates and organic compounds in large-scale photobioreactors with outstanding economic merit. Thus, they have been rapidly developed as a "green" chassis for the synthesis of bioproducts. Flavonoids, chemical compounds based on aromatic amino acids, are considered to be indispensable components in a variety of nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications. In contrast to heterotrophic metabolic engineering pioneers, such as yeast and Escherichia coli, information about the biosynthesis flavonoids and their derivatives is less comprehensive than that of their photosynthetic counterparts. Here, we review both benefits and challenges to promote cyanobacterial cell factories for flavonoid biosynthesis. With increasing concerns about global environmental issues and food security, we are confident that energy self-supporting cyanobacteria will attract increasing attention for the generation of different kinds of bioproducts. We hope that the work presented here will serve as an index and encourage more scientists to join in the relevant research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Jin
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Pengquan Zhao
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Litao Wang
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Su Zhang
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Dong Meng
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Qing Yang
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Zhi Cheong
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yonghong Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Fresh Water Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Fu
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
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19
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Lou H, Hu L, Lu H, Wei T, Chen Q. Metabolic Engineering of Microbial Cell Factories for Biosynthesis of Flavonoids: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:4522. [PMID: 34361675 PMCID: PMC8348848 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids belong to a class of plant secondary metabolites that have a polyphenol structure. Flavonoids show extensive biological activity, such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, anti-cancer, and antibacterial properties, so they are widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. However, traditional sources of flavonoids are no longer sufficient to meet current demands. In recent years, with the clarification of the biosynthetic pathway of flavonoids and the development of synthetic biology, it has become possible to use synthetic metabolic engineering methods with microorganisms as hosts to produce flavonoids. This article mainly reviews the biosynthetic pathways of flavonoids and the development of microbial expression systems for the production of flavonoids in order to provide a useful reference for further research on synthetic metabolic engineering of flavonoids. Meanwhile, the application of co-culture systems in the biosynthesis of flavonoids is emphasized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanghang Lou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.L.); (H.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Lifei Hu
- Hubei Key Lab of Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Health Food, Huangshi 435100, China;
| | - Hongyun Lu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.L.); (H.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Tianyu Wei
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.L.); (H.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Qihe Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.L.); (H.L.); (T.W.)
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20
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Naturally Occurring Flavonoids and Isoflavonoids and Their Microbial Transformation: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215112. [PMID: 33153224 PMCID: PMC7663748 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids and isoflavonoids are polyphenolic secondary metabolites usually produced by plants adapting to changing ecological environments over a long period of time. Therefore, their biosynthesis pathways are considered as the most distinctive natural product pathway in plants. Seemingly, the flavonoids and isoflavones from fungi and actinomycetes have been relatively overlooked. In this review, we summarized and classified the isoflavones and flavonoids derived from fungi and actinomycetes and described their biological activities. Increasing attention has been paid to bioactive substances derived from microorganism whole-cell biotransformation. Additionally, we described the utilization of isoflavones and flavonoids as substrates by fungi and actinomycetes for biotransformation through hydroxylation, methylation, halogenation, glycosylation, dehydrogenation, cyclisation, and hydrogenation reactions to obtain rare and highly active biofunctional derivatives. Overall, among all microorganisms, actinomycetes are the main producers of flavonoids. In our review, we also summarized the functional genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis.
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21
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Sheng H, Sun X, Yan Y, Yuan Q, Wang J, Shen X. Metabolic Engineering of Microorganisms for the Production of Flavonoids. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:589069. [PMID: 33117787 PMCID: PMC7576676 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.589069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a class of secondary metabolites found in plant and fungus. They have been widely used in food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries owing to their significant biological activities, such as antiaging, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. However, the traditional approaches for the production of flavonoids including chemical synthesis and plant extraction involved hazardous materials and complicated processes and also suffered from low product titer and yield. Microbial synthesis of flavonoids from renewable biomass such as glucose and xylose has been considered as a sustainable and environmentally friendly method for large-scale production of flavonoids. Recently, construction of microbial cell factories for efficient biosynthesis of flavonoids has gained much attention. In this article, we summarize the recent advances in microbial synthesis of flavonoids including flavanones, flavones, isoflavones, flavonols, flavanols, and anthocyanins. We put emphasis on developing pathway construction and optimization strategies to biosynthesize flavonoids and to improve their titer and yield. Then, we discuss the current challenges and future perspectives on successful strain development for large-scale production of flavonoids in an industrial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huakang Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Raesource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Raesource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yajun Yan
- College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Raesource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Raesource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Raesource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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22
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Kufs JE, Hoefgen S, Rautschek J, Bissell AU, Graf C, Fiedler J, Braga D, Regestein L, Rosenbaum MA, Thiele J, Valiante V. Rational Design of Flavonoid Production Routes Using Combinatorial and Precursor-Directed Biosynthesis. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:1823-1832. [PMID: 32525654 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Combinatorial biosynthesis has great potential for designing synthetic circuits and amplifying the production of new active compounds. Studies on multienzyme cascades are extremely useful for improving our knowledge on enzymatic catalysis. In particular, the elucidation of enzyme substrate promiscuity can be potentially used for bioretrosynthetic approaches, leading to the design of alternative and more convenient routes to produce relevant molecules. In this perspective, plant-derived polyketides are extremely adaptable to those synthetic biological applications. Here, we present a combination of an in vitro CoA ligase activity assay coupled with a bacterial multigene expression system that leads to precursor-directed biosynthesis of 21 flavonoid derivatives. When the vast knowledge from protein databases is exploited, the herein presented procedure can be easily repeated with additional plant-derived polyketides. Lastly, we report an efficient in vivo expression system that can be further exploited to heterologously express pathways not necessarily related to plant polyketide synthases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann E. Kufs
- Leibniz Research Cluster Group “Biobricks of Microbial Natural Product Syntheses”, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology − Hans Knöll Institute, Jena 07745, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Sandra Hoefgen
- Leibniz Research Cluster Group “Biobricks of Microbial Natural Product Syntheses”, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology − Hans Knöll Institute, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Julia Rautschek
- Leibniz Research Cluster Group “Biobricks of Microbial Natural Product Syntheses”, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology − Hans Knöll Institute, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Alexander U. Bissell
- Leibniz Research Cluster Group “Biobricks of Microbial Natural Product Syntheses”, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology − Hans Knöll Institute, Jena 07745, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Carola Graf
- Leibniz Research Cluster Group “Polymer Micro (bio)reactors”, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Jonas Fiedler
- Leibniz Research Cluster Group “Biobricks of Microbial Natural Product Syntheses”, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology − Hans Knöll Institute, Jena 07745, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Daniel Braga
- Synthetic Microbiology Group, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology − Hans Knöll Institute, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Lars Regestein
- Bio Pilot Plant, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology − Hans Knöll Institute, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Miriam A. Rosenbaum
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena 07743, Germany
- Bio Pilot Plant, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology − Hans Knöll Institute, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Julian Thiele
- Leibniz Research Cluster Group “Polymer Micro (bio)reactors”, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Vito Valiante
- Leibniz Research Cluster Group “Biobricks of Microbial Natural Product Syntheses”, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology − Hans Knöll Institute, Jena 07745, Germany
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Kausar H, Ambrin G, Okla MK, Soufan W, Al-Ghamdi AA, Ahmad A. Metabolic Flux Analysis of Catechin Biosynthesis Pathways Using Nanosensor. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040288. [PMID: 32244268 PMCID: PMC7222200 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
(+)-Catechin is an important antioxidant of green tea (Camelia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze). Catechin is known for its positive role in anticancerous activity, extracellular matrix degradation, cell death regulation, diabetes, and other related disorders. As a result of enormous interest in and great demand for catechin, its biosynthesis using metabolic engineering has become the subject of concentrated research with the aim of enhancing (+)-catechin production. Metabolic flux is an essential concept in the practice of metabolic engineering as it helps in the identification of the regulatory element of a biosynthetic pathway. In the present study, an attempt was made to analyze the metabolic flux of the (+)-catechin biosynthesis pathway in order to decipher the regulatory element of this pathway. Firstly, a genetically encoded fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based nanosensor (FLIP-Cat, fluorescence indicator protein for (+)-catechin) was developed for real-time monitoring of (+)-catechin flux. In vitro characterization of the purified protein of the nanosensor showed that the nanosensor was pH stable and (+)-catechin specific. Its calculated Kd was 139 µM. The nanosensor also performed real-time monitoring of (+)-catechin in bacterial cells. In the second step of this study, an entire (+)-catechin biosynthesis pathway was constructed and expressed in E. coli in two sets of plasmid constructs: pET26b-PT7-rbs-PAL-PT7-rbs-4CL-PT7-rbs-CHS-PT7-rbs-CHI and pET26b-T7-rbs-F3H-PT7-rbs- DFR-PT7-rbs-LCR. The E. coli harboring the FLIP-Cat was transformed with these plasmid constructs. The metabolic flux analysis of (+)-catechin was carried out using the FLIP-Cat. The FLIP-Cat successfully monitored the flux of catechin after adding tyrosine, 4-coumaric acid, 4-coumaroyl CoA, naringenin chalcone, naringenin, dihydroquercetin, and leucocyanidin, individually, with the bacterial cells expressing the nanosensor as well as the genes of the (+)-catechin biosynthesis pathway. Dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR) was identified as the main regulatory element of the (+)-catechin biosynthesis pathway. Information about this regulatory element of the (+)-catechin biosynthesis pathway can be used for manipulating the (+)-catechin biosynthesis pathway using a metabolic engineering approach to enhance production of (+)-catechin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habiba Kausar
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (H.K.); (G.A.)
| | - Ghazala Ambrin
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (H.K.); (G.A.)
| | - Mohammad K. Okla
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.O.); (A.A.A.-G.)
| | - Walid Soufan
- Plant Production Department, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah A. Al-Ghamdi
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.O.); (A.A.A.-G.)
| | - Altaf Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (H.K.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-817-8045-031
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24
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Dinh CV, Chen X, Prather KLJ. Development of a Quorum-Sensing Based Circuit for Control of Coculture Population Composition in a Naringenin Production System. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:590-597. [PMID: 32040906 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As synthetic biology and metabolic engineering tools improve, it is feasible to construct more complex microbial synthesis systems that may be limited by the machinery and resources available in an individual cell. Coculture fermentation is a promising strategy for overcoming these constraints by distributing objectives between subpopulations, but the primary method for controlling the composition of the coculture of production systems has been limited to control of the inoculum composition. We have developed a quorum sensing (QS)-based growth-regulation circuit that provides an additional parameter for regulating the composition of a coculture over the course of the fermentation. Implementation of this tool in a naringenin-producing coculture resulted in a 60% titer increase over a system that was optimized by varying inoculation ratios only. We additionally demonstrated that the growth control circuit can be implemented in combination with a communication module that couples transcription in one subpopulation to the cell-density of the other population for coordination of behavior, resulting in an additional 60% improvement in naringenin titer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina V Dinh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kristala L J Prather
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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25
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Braga A, Faria N. Bioprocess Optimization for the Production of Aromatic Compounds With Metabolically Engineered Hosts: Recent Developments and Future Challenges. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:96. [PMID: 32154231 PMCID: PMC7044121 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common route to produce aromatic chemicals - organic compounds containing at least one benzene ring in their structure - is chemical synthesis. These processes, usually starting from an extracted fossil oil molecule such as benzene, toluene, or xylene, are highly environmentally unfriendly due to the use of non-renewable raw materials, high energy consumption and the usual production of toxic by-products. An alternative way to produce aromatic compounds is extraction from plants. These extractions typically have a low yield and a high purification cost. This motivates the search for alternative platforms to produce aromatic compounds through low-cost and environmentally friendly processes. Microorganisms are able to synthesize aromatic amino acids through the shikimate pathway. The construction of microbial cell factories able to produce the desired molecule from renewable feedstock becomes a promising alternative. This review article focuses on the recent advances in microbial production of aromatic products, with a special emphasis on metabolic engineering strategies, as well as bioprocess optimization. The recent combination of these two techniques has resulted in the development of several alternative processes to produce phenylpropanoids, aromatic alcohols, phenolic aldehydes, and others. Chemical species that were unavailable for human consumption due to the high cost and/or high environmental impact of their production, have now become accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide Braga
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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26
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Zang Y, Zha J, Wu X, Zheng Z, Ouyang J, Koffas MAG. In Vitro Naringenin Biosynthesis from p-Coumaric Acid Using Recombinant Enzymes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:13430-13436. [PMID: 30919618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Naringenin is an important precursor for the production of a wide spectrum of flavonoids, and its production is of great interest in metabolic engineering. However, in cellular systems, identification of rate-limiting factors is often difficult because of complex regulatory networks. Cell-free catalytic systems emerge as a promising method to address this issue. Here, we explored the cell-free biosystem for naringenin production by combining different sources of 4-coumaroyl-CoA ligase (4CL), chalcone synthase (CHS), and chalcone isomerase (CHI). After systematic analysis of enzyme levels, substrate concentrations, and cofactors, 4CL and CHS were found to be crucial to the reaction. The best loading ratio of 4CL/CHS/CHI was 10:10:1, and malonyl-CoA was the limiting factor, as identified previously in fermentation. For the first time, we successfully constructed the system for naringenin production in vitro. Our study will deepen our understanding of the key factors in naringenin production and guide further engineering.
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Shah FLA, Ramzi AB, Baharum SN, Noor NM, Goh HH, Leow TC, Oslan SN, Sabri S. Recent advancement of engineering microbial hosts for the biotechnological production of flavonoids. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:6647-6659. [PMID: 31535322 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05066-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenols that are important organic chemicals in plants. The health benefits of flavonoids that result in high commercial values make them attractive targets for large-scale production through bioengineering. Strategies such as engineering a flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in microbial hosts provide an alternative way to produce these beneficial compounds. Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Streptomyces sp. are among the expression systems used to produce recombinant products, as well as for the production of flavonoid compounds through various bioengineering approaches including clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based genome engineering and genetically encoded biosensors to detect flavonoid biosynthesis. In this study, we review the recent advances in engineering model microbial hosts as being the factory to produce targeted flavonoid compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatin Lyana Azman Shah
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Malaysia.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Bazli Ramzi
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syarul Nataqain Baharum
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Normah Mohd Noor
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hoe-Han Goh
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thean Chor Leow
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Malaysia.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nurbaya Oslan
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Malaysia.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Suriana Sabri
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Malaysia. .,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Malaysia.
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Madhavan A, Arun KB, Sindhu R, Binod P, Kim SH, Pandey A. Tailoring of microbes for the production of high value plant-derived compounds: From pathway engineering to fermentative production. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2019; 1867:140262. [PMID: 31404685 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.140262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Plant natural products have been an attracting platform for the isolation of various active drugs and other bioactives. However large-scale extraction of these compounds is affected by the difficulty in mass cultivation of these plants and absence of strategies for successful extraction. Even though, synthesis by chemical method is an alternative method; it is less efficient as their chemical structure is highly complex which involve enantio-selectivity. Thus an alternate bio-system for heterologous production of plant natural products using microbes has emerged. Advent of various omics, synthetic and metabolic engineering strategies revolutionised the field of heterologous plant metabolite production. In this context, various engineering methods taken to synthesise plant natural products are described with an additional focus to fermentation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Madhavan
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum 695 014, India
| | | | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR- NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR- NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - Sang Hyoun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; Center for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow 226 001, India.
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Mark R, Lyu X, Ng KR, Chen WN. Gene Source Screening as a Tool for Naringenin Production in Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:12872-12879. [PMID: 31460414 PMCID: PMC6682025 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are plant secondary metabolites with great potential in the food industry. Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a sustainable production technique. However, the current naringenin production yield is low because of inefficient enzymatic activity. Hence, this study uses gene source screening as a tool to identify the best gene source for enzymes such as 4-coumarate: coenzyme ligase (4CL) and chalcone synthase (CHS). For the first time, the 4CL gene from Medicago truncatula and the CHS gene from Vitis vinifera were expressed in S. cerevisiae, and this combination provided the highest yield of naringenin, which was 28-fold higher as compared to the reference strain. The combinations obtained similar performance in the Y-28 strains, where the highest production was 28.68 mg/L. Our results demonstrated that the selection and combination of enzymes from the correct gene source could greatly improve naringenin production. For the future, this could help commercialize flavonoid production, which would result in natural food preservatives and additives.
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Kan E, Katsuyama Y, Maruyama JI, Tamano K, Koyama Y, Ohnishi Y. Production of the plant polyketide curcumin in Aspergillus oryzae: strengthening malonyl-CoA supply for yield improvement. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:1372-1381. [PMID: 31023165 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1606699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae was recently used as a heterologous host for fungal secondary metabolite production. Here, we aimed to produce the plant polyketide curcumin in A. oryzae. Curcumin is synthesized from feruloyl-coenzyme A (CoA) and malonyl-CoA by curcuminoid synthase (CUS). A. oryzae expressing CUS produced curcumin (64 μg/plate) on an agar medium containing feruloyl-N-acetylcysteamine (a feruloyl-CoA analog). To increase curcumin yield, we attempted to strengthen the supply of malonyl-CoA using two approaches: enhancement of the reaction catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), which produces malonyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA, and inactivation of the acetyl-CoA-consuming sterol biosynthesis pathway. Finally, we succeeded in increasing curcumin yield sixfold by the double disruption of snfA and SCAP; SnfA is a homolog of SNF1, which inhibits ACC activity by phosphorylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and SCAP is positively related to sterol biosynthesis in Aspergillus terreus. This study provided useful information for heterologous polyketide production in A. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichiro Kan
- a Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku , Japan.,b Noda Institute for Scientific Research , Noda City , Japan
| | - Yohei Katsuyama
- a Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku , Japan.,c Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology , The University of Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku , Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Maruyama
- a Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku , Japan.,c Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology , The University of Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku , Japan
| | - Koichi Tamano
- d Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Toyohira-ku, Sapporo , Japan
| | - Yasuji Koyama
- b Noda Institute for Scientific Research , Noda City , Japan
| | - Yasuo Ohnishi
- a Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku , Japan.,c Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology , The University of Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku , Japan
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Lin GM, Warden-Rothman R, Voigt CA. Retrosynthetic design of metabolic pathways to chemicals not found in nature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coisb.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Eichenberger M, Hansson A, Fischer D, Dürr L, Naesby M. De novo biosynthesis of anthocyanins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res 2019; 18:4975775. [PMID: 29771352 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foy046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins (ACNs) are plant secondary metabolites responsible for most of the red, purple and blue colors of flowers, fruits and vegetables. They are increasingly used in the food and beverage industry as natural alternative to artificial colorants. Production of these compounds by fermentation of microorganisms would provide an attractive alternative. In this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was engineered for de novo production of the three basic anthocyanins, as well as the three main trans-flavan-3-ols. Enzymes from different plant sources were screened and efficient variants found for most steps of the biosynthetic pathway. However, the anthocyanidin synthase was identified as a major obstacle to efficient production. In yeast, this enzyme converts the majority of its natural substrates leucoanthocyanidins into the off-pathway flavonols. Nonetheless, de novo biosynthesis of ACNs was shown for the first time in yeast and for the first time in a single microorganism. It provides a framework for optimizing the activity of anthocyanidin synthase and represents an important step towards sustainable industrial production of these highly relevant molecules in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Eichenberger
- Evolva SA, Duggingerstrasse 23, 4153 Reinach, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, Technical University Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Anders Hansson
- Evolva SA, Duggingerstrasse 23, 4153 Reinach, Switzerland
| | - David Fischer
- Evolva SA, Duggingerstrasse 23, 4153 Reinach, Switzerland
| | - Lara Dürr
- Evolva SA, Duggingerstrasse 23, 4153 Reinach, Switzerland
| | - Michael Naesby
- Evolva SA, Duggingerstrasse 23, 4153 Reinach, Switzerland
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Santos-Buelga C, González-Paramás AM, Oludemi T, Ayuda-Durán B, González-Manzano S. Plant phenolics as functional food ingredients. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2019; 90:183-257. [PMID: 31445596 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds have attracted much attention in recent times as their dietary intake has been associated with the prevention of some chronic and degenerative diseases that constitute major causes of death and incapacity in developed countries, such as cardiovascular diseases, type II diabetes, some types of cancers or neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Nowadays it is considered that these compounds contribute, at least in part, for the protective effects of fruit and vegetable-rich diets, so that the study of their role in human nutrition has become a central issue in food research. This chapter reviews the current knowledge on the phenolic compounds as food components, namely their occurrence in the diet, bioavailability and metabolism, biological activities and mechanisms of action. Besides, the approaches for their extraction from plant matrices and technological improvements regarding their preparation, stability and bioavailability in order to be used as functional food ingredients are also reviewed, as well as their legal situation regarding the possibility of making "health claims" based on their presence in food and beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celestino Santos-Buelga
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Ana M González-Paramás
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Taofiq Oludemi
- Mountain Research Center (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Begoña Ayuda-Durán
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Susana González-Manzano
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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35
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Yuan SF, Alper HS. Metabolic engineering of microbial cell factories for production of nutraceuticals. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:46. [PMID: 30857533 PMCID: PMC6410520 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1096-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic engineering allows for the rewiring of basic metabolism to overproduce both native and non-native metabolites. Among these biomolecules, nutraceuticals have received considerable interest due to their health-promoting or disease-preventing properties. Likewise, microbial engineering efforts to produce these value-added nutraceuticals overcome traditional limitations of low yield from extractions and complex chemical syntheses. This review covers current strategies of metabolic engineering employed for the production of a few key nutraceuticals with selecting polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyphenolic compounds, carotenoids and non-proteinogenic amino acids as exemplary molecules. We focus on the use of both mono-culture and co-culture strategies to produce these molecules of interest. In each of these cases, metabolic engineering efforts are enabling rapid production of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo-Fu Yuan
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Hal S Alper
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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36
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Huccetogullari D, Luo ZW, Lee SY. Metabolic engineering of microorganisms for production of aromatic compounds. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:41. [PMID: 30808357 PMCID: PMC6390333 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic engineering has been enabling development of high performance microbial strains for the efficient production of natural and non-natural compounds from renewable non-food biomass. Even though microbial production of various chemicals has successfully been conducted and commercialized, there are still numerous chemicals and materials that await their efficient bio-based production. Aromatic chemicals, which are typically derived from benzene, toluene and xylene in petroleum industry, have been used in large amounts in various industries. Over the last three decades, many metabolically engineered microorganisms have been developed for the bio-based production of aromatic chemicals, many of which are derived from aromatic amino acid pathways. This review highlights the latest metabolic engineering strategies and tools applied to the biosynthesis of aromatic chemicals, many derived from shikimate and aromatic amino acids, including L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine and L-tryptophan. It is expected that more and more engineered microorganisms capable of efficiently producing aromatic chemicals will be developed toward their industrial-scale production from renewable biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damla Huccetogullari
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program) and Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Zi Wei Luo
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program) and Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program) and Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- BioProcess Engineering Research Center and Bioinformatics Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Aschenbrenner J, Marx P, Pietruszka J, Marienhagen J. Microbial Production of Natural and Unnatural Monolignols with
Escherichia coli. Chembiochem 2019; 20:949-954. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Aschenbrenner
- Institute of Bio- and GeosciencesIBG-1: BiotechnologyForschungszentrum Jülich GmbH 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Patrick Marx
- Institute of Bio- and GeosciencesIBG-1: BiotechnologyForschungszentrum Jülich GmbH 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Jörg Pietruszka
- Institute of Bio- and GeosciencesIBG-1: BiotechnologyForschungszentrum Jülich GmbH 52425 Jülich Germany
- Institute of Bioorganic ChemistryHeinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Jan Marienhagen
- Institute of Bio- and GeosciencesIBG-1: BiotechnologyForschungszentrum Jülich GmbH 52425 Jülich Germany
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Pei J, Chen A, Dong P, Shi X, Zhao L, Cao F, Tang F. Modulating heterologous pathways and optimizing fermentation conditions for biosynthesis of kaempferol and astragalin from naringenin in Escherichia coli. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 46:171-186. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-018-02134-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Kaempferol and astragalin are used as standards to assess the quality of Ginkgo biloba extract and Radix astragali, respectively, and possess numerous biological properties. In this study, we constructed a recombinant strain with a highly efficient biosynthetic pathway of kaempferol by screening key enzyme genes, designing a synthetic fusion enzyme and increasing the gene copy number. By optimizing conversion and fed-batch fermentation conditions, maximal kaempferol production reached 1184.2 ± 16.5 mg/L, which represents the highest yield of kaempferol from naringenin reported to date. Based on this result, glycosyltransferase (AtUGT78D2) and an efficient UDP-glucose synthesis pathway were introduced into the recombinant strain to produce astragalin, resulting in maximal astragalin production at 1738.5 ± 24.8 mg/L without kaempferol accumulation. The efficient synthesis pathway described in this study for kaempferol and astragalin biosynthesis can be widely used for flavonoid biosynthesis in Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Pei
- grid.410625.4 Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
- grid.410625.4 College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University 210037 Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass Nanjing China
| | - Anna Chen
- grid.410625.4 Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
- grid.410625.4 College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University 210037 Nanjing China
| | - Ping Dong
- grid.410625.4 Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
- grid.410625.4 College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University 210037 Nanjing China
| | - Xuejia Shi
- grid.410625.4 Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
- grid.410625.4 College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University 210037 Nanjing China
| | - Linguo Zhao
- grid.410625.4 Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
- grid.410625.4 College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University 210037 Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass Nanjing China
| | - Fuliang Cao
- grid.410625.4 Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
- grid.410625.4 College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University 210037 Nanjing China
| | - Feng Tang
- 0000 0001 0742 5632 grid.459618.7 International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan Beijing China
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Zhang R, Li C, Wang J, Yang Y, Yan Y. Microbial production of small medicinal molecules and biologics: From nature to synthetic pathways. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:2219-2231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Leistra AN, Curtis NC, Contreras LM. Regulatory non-coding sRNAs in bacterial metabolic pathway engineering. Metab Eng 2018; 52:190-214. [PMID: 30513348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are versatile and powerful controllers of gene expression that have been increasingly linked to cellular metabolism and phenotype. In bacteria, identified and characterized ncRNAs range from trans-acting, multi-target small non-coding RNAs to dynamic, cis-encoded regulatory untranslated regions and riboswitches. These native regulators have inspired the design and construction of many synthetic RNA devices. In this work, we review the design, characterization, and impact of ncRNAs in engineering both native and exogenous metabolic pathways in bacteria. We also consider the opportunities afforded by recent high-throughput approaches for characterizing sRNA regulators and their corresponding networks to showcase their potential applications and impact in engineering bacterial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail N Leistra
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 200 E. Dean Keeton Street Stop C0400, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Nicholas C Curtis
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 200 E. Dean Keeton Street Stop C0400, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Lydia M Contreras
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 200 E. Dean Keeton Street Stop C0400, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Palmer CM, Alper HS. Expanding the Chemical Palette of Industrial Microbes: Metabolic Engineering for Type III PKS-Derived Polyketides. Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1700463. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire M. Palmer
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology; The University of Texas at Austin; Austin 200 E Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400 Austin TX 78712
| | - Hal S. Alper
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology; The University of Texas at Austin; Austin 200 E Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400 Austin TX 78712
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering; The University of Texas at Austin; Austin 200 E Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400 Austin TX 78712
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Flavonoid biosynthetic pathways in plants: Versatile targets for metabolic engineering. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 38:107316. [PMID: 30458225 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants, fungi, and microorganisms are equipped with biosynthesis machinery for producing thousands of secondary metabolites. These compounds have important functions in nature as a defence against predators or competitors as well as other ecological significances. The full utilization of these compounds for food, medicine, and other purposes requires a thorough understanding of their structures and the distinct biochemical pathways of their production in cellular systems. In this review, flavonoids as classical examples of secondary metabolites are employed to highlight recent advances in understanding how valuable compounds can be regulated at various levels. With extensive diversity in their chemistry and pharmacology, understanding the metabolic engineering of flavonoids now allows us to fine-tune the eliciting of their production, accumulation, and extraction from living systems. More specifically, recent advances in the shikimic acid and acetate biosynthetic pathways of flavonoids production from metabolic engineering point of view, from genes expression to multiple principles of regulation, are addressed. Specific examples of plants and microorganisms as the sources of flavonoids-based compounds with particular emphasis on therapeutic applications are also discussed.
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Marín L, Gutiérrez-del-Río I, Entrialgo-Cadierno R, Villar CJ, Lombó F. De novo biosynthesis of myricetin, kaempferol and quercetin in Streptomyces albus and Streptomyces coelicolor. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207278. [PMID: 30440014 PMCID: PMC6237366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonols are a flavonoid subfamily widely distributed in plants, including several ones of great importance in human and animal diet (apple, tomato, broccoli, onion, beans, tea). These polyphenolic nutraceuticals exert potent antimicrobial (membrane potential disruptors), antioxidant (free-radical scavengers), pharmacokinetic (CYP450 modulators), anti-inflammatory (lipoxygenase inhibitors), antiangiogenic (VEGF inhibitors) and antitumor (cyclin inhibitors) activities. Biotechnological production of these nutraceuticals, for example via heterologous biosynthesis in industrial actinomycetes, is favored since in plants these polyphenols appear as inactive glycosylated derivatives, in low concentrations or as part of complex mixtures with other polyphenolic compounds. In this work, we describe the de novo biosynthesis of three important flavonols, myricetin, kaempferol and quercetin, in the industrially relevant actinomycetes Streptomyces coelicolor and S. albus. De novo biosynthesis of kaempferol, myricetin and quercetin in actinomycetes has not been described before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marín
- Research Group BIONUC (Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds), Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain
- IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias) Principality of Asturias, Spain
- ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), Principality of Asturias, Spain
| | - Ignacio Gutiérrez-del-Río
- Research Group BIONUC (Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds), Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain
- IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias) Principality of Asturias, Spain
- ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), Principality of Asturias, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Entrialgo-Cadierno
- Research Group BIONUC (Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds), Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain
- IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias) Principality of Asturias, Spain
- ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), Principality of Asturias, Spain
| | - Claudio J. Villar
- Research Group BIONUC (Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds), Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain
- IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias) Principality of Asturias, Spain
- ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), Principality of Asturias, Spain
| | - Felipe Lombó
- Research Group BIONUC (Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds), Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain
- IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias) Principality of Asturias, Spain
- ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), Principality of Asturias, Spain
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Teplova VV, Isakova EP, Klein OI, Dergachova DI, Gessler NN, Deryabina YI. Natural Polyphenols: Biological Activity, Pharmacological Potential, Means of Metabolic Engineering (Review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683818030146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Strategies for microbial synthesis of high-value phytochemicals. Nat Chem 2018; 10:395-404. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0013-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Profiling of the Major Phenolic Compounds and Their Biosynthesis Genes in Sophora flavescens Aiton. ScientificWorldJournal 2018; 2018:6218430. [PMID: 29686587 PMCID: PMC5852875 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6218430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sophorae Radix (Sophora flavescens Aiton) has long been used in traditional medicine in East Asia due to the various biological activities of its secondary metabolites. Endogenous contents of phenolic compounds (phenolic acid, flavonol, and isoflavone) and the main bioactive compounds of Sophorae Radix were analyzed based on the qualitative HPLC analysis and evaluated in different organs and at different developmental stages. In total, 11 compounds were detected, and the composition of the roots and aerial parts (leaves, stems, and flowers) was significantly different. trans-Cinnamic acid and p-coumaric acid were observed only in the aerial parts. Large amounts of rutin and maackiain were detected in the roots. Four phenolic acid compounds (benzoic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and chlorogenic acid) and four flavonol compounds (kaempferol, catechin hydrate, epicatechin, and rutin) were higher in aerial parts than in roots. To identify putative genes involved in phenolic compounds biosynthesis, a total of 41 transcripts were investigated. Expression patterns of these selected genes, as well as the multiple isoforms for the genes, varied by organ and developmental stage, implying that they are involved in the biosynthesis of various phenolic compounds both spatially and temporally.
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Thuan NH, Chaudhary AK, Van Cuong D, Cuong NX. Engineering co-culture system for production of apigetrin in Escherichia coli. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 45:175-185. [PMID: 29362971 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-018-2012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microbial cells have extensively been utilized to produce value-added bioactive compounds. Based on advancement in protein engineering, DNA recombinant technology, genome engineering, and metabolic remodeling, the microbes can be re-engineered to produce industrially and medicinally important platform chemicals. The emergence of co-culture system which reduces the metabolic burden and allows parallel optimization of the engineered pathway in a modular fashion restricting the formation of undesired byproducts has become an alternative way to synthesize and produce bioactive compounds. In this study, we present genetically engineered E. coli-based co-culture system to the de novo synthesis of apigetrin (APG), an apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside of apigenin. The culture system consists of an upstream module including 4-coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL), chalcone synthase, chalcone flavanone isomerase (CHS, CHI), and flavone synthase I (FNSI) to synthesize apigenin (API) from p-coumaric acid (PCA). Whereas, the downstream system contains a metabolizing module to enhance the production of UDP-glucose and expression of glycosyltransferase (PaGT3) to convert API into APG. To accomplish this improvement in titer, the initial inoculum ratio of strains for making the co-culture system, temperature, and media component was optimized. Following large-scale production, a yield of 38.5 µM (16.6 mg/L) of APG was achieved. In overall, this study provided an efficient tool to synthesize bioactive compounds in microbial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Huy Thuan
- Center for Molecular Biology, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung Street, Haichau District, Danang, Vietnam.
| | - Amit Kumar Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Duong Van Cuong
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Thainguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Thainguyen, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Xuan Cuong
- Lab of Marine Medicinal Materials, Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Production of plant-derived polyphenols in microorganisms: current state and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:1575-1585. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8747-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Park SY, Yang D, Ha SH, Lee SY. Metabolic Engineering of Microorganisms for the Production of Natural Compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seon Young Park
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program); Institute for the BioCentury; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsoo Yang
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program); Institute for the BioCentury; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Hee Ha
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program); Institute for the BioCentury; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program); Institute for the BioCentury; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- BioProcess Engineering Research Center; KAIST; Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- BioInformatics Research Center; KAIST; Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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Chouhan S, Sharma K, Zha J, Guleria S, Koffas MAG. Recent Advances in the Recombinant Biosynthesis of Polyphenols. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2259. [PMID: 29201020 PMCID: PMC5696593 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are the source of various natural compounds with pharmaceutical and nutraceutical importance which have shown numerous health benefits with relatively fewer side effects. However, extraction of these compounds from native producers cannot meet the ever-increasing demands of the growing population due to, among other things, the limited production of the active compound(s). Their production depends upon the metabolic demands of the plant and is also subjected to environmental conditions, abundance of crop species and seasonal variations. Moreover, their extraction from plants requires complex downstream processing and can also lead to the extinction of many useful plant varieties. Microbial engineering is one of the alternative approaches which can meet the global demand for natural products in an eco-friendly manner. Metabolic engineering of microbes or pathway reconstruction using synthetic biology tools and novel enzymes lead to the generation of a diversity of compounds (like flavonoids, stilbenes, anthocyanins etc.) and their natural and non-natural derivatives. Strain and pathway optimization, pathway regulation and tolerance engineering have produced microbial cell factories into which the metabolic pathway of plants can be introduced for the production of compounds of interest on an industrial scale in an economical and eco-friendly way. While microbial production of phytochemicals needs to further increase product titer if it is ever to become a commercial success. The present review covers the advancements made for the improvement of microbial cell factories in order to increase the product titer of recombinant polyphenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Chouhan
- Natural Product Laboratory, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Kanika Sharma
- Natural Product Laboratory, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Jian Zha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Sanjay Guleria
- Natural Product Laboratory, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Mattheos A G Koffas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
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