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Priya PS, Boopathi S, Murugan R, Haridevamuthu B, Arshad A, Arockiaraj J. Quorum sensing signals: Aquaculture risk factor. REVIEWS IN AQUACULTURE 2023; 15:1294-1310. [DOI: 10.1111/raq.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
AbstractBacteria produce several virulence factors and cause massive mortality in fish and crustaceans. Abundant quorum sensing (QS) signals and high cell density are essentially required for the production of such virulence factors. Although several strategies have been developed to control aquatic pathogens through antibiotics and QS inhibition, the impact of pre‐existing QS signals in the aquatic environment has been overlooked. QS signals cause detrimental effects on mammalian cells and induce cell death by interfering with multiple cellular pathways. Moreover, QS signals not only function as a messenger, but also annihilate the functions of the host immune system which implies that QS signals should be designated as a major virulence factor. Despite QS signals' role has been well documented in mammalian cells, their impact on aquatic organisms is still at the budding stage. However, many aquatic organisms produce enzymes that degrade and detoxify such QS signals. In addition, physical and chemical factors also determine the stability of the QS signals in the aqueous environment. The balance between QS signals and existing QS signals degrading factors essentially determines the disease progression in aquatic organisms. In this review, we highlight the impact of QS signals on aquatic organisms and further discussed potential alternative strategies to control disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Snega Priya
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India
| | - Seenivasan Boopathi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India
| | - Raghul Murugan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India
| | - B. Haridevamuthu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India
| | - Aziz Arshad
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I‐AQUAS) Universiti Putra Malaysia Negeri Sembilan Malaysia
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India
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Diversity of Bacteria with Quorum Sensing and Quenching Activities from Hydrothermal Vents in the Okinawa Trough. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030748. [PMID: 36985321 PMCID: PMC10052519 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a chemical communication system by which bacteria coordinate gene expression and social behaviors. Quorum quenching (QQ) refers to processes of inhibiting the QS pathway. Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are extreme marine environments, where abundant and diverse microbial communities live. However, the nature of chemical communication in bacteria inhabiting the hydrothermal vent is poorly understood. In this study, the QS and QQ activities with N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) as the autoinducer were detected in bacteria isolated from hydrothermal vents in the Okinawa Trough. A total of 18 and 108 isolates possessed AHL-producing and AHL-degrading abilities, respectively. Bacteria mainly affiliated with Rhodobacterales, Hyphomicrobiales, Enterobacterales and Sphingomonadales showed QS activities; QQ was mainly associated with Bacillales, Rhodospirillales and Sphingomonadales. The results showed that the bacterial QS and QQ processes are prevalent in hydrothermal environments in the Okinawa Trough. Furthermore, QS significantly affected the activities of extracellular enzymes represented by β-glucosidase, aminopeptidase and phosphatase in the four isolates with higher QS activities. Our results increase the current knowledge of the diversity of QS and QQ bacteria in extreme marine environments and shed light on the interspecific relationships to better investigate their dynamics and ecological roles in biogeochemical cycling.
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Biţă A, Scorei IR, Bălşeanu TA, Ciocîlteu MV, Bejenaru C, Radu A, Bejenaru LE, Rău G, Mogoşanu GD, Neamţu J, Benner SA. New Insights into Boron Essentiality in Humans and Animals. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169147. [PMID: 36012416 PMCID: PMC9409115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Boron (B) is considered a prebiotic chemical element with a role in both the origin and evolution of life, as well as an essential micronutrient for some bacteria, plants, fungi, and algae. B has beneficial effects on the biological functions of humans and animals, such as reproduction, growth, calcium metabolism, bone formation, energy metabolism, immunity, and brain function. Naturally organic B (NOB) species may become promising novel prebiotic candidates. NOB-containing compounds have been shown to be essential for the symbiosis between organisms from different kingdoms. New insights into the key role of NOB species in the symbiosis between human/animal hosts and their microbiota will influence the use of natural B-based colon-targeting nutraceuticals. The mechanism of action (MoA) of NOB species is related to the B signaling molecule (autoinducer-2-borate (AI-2B)) as well as the fortification of the colonic mucus gel layer with NOB species from B-rich prebiotic diets. Both the microbiota and the colonic mucus gel layer can become NOB targets. This paper reviews the evidence supporting the essentiality of the NOB species in the symbiosis between the microbiota and the human/animal hosts, with the stated aim of highlighting the MoA and targets of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Biţă
- Department of Biochemistry, BioBoron Research Institute, S.C. Natural Research S.R.L., 31B Dunării Street, 207465 Podari, Romania
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ion Romulus Scorei
- Department of Biochemistry, BioBoron Research Institute, S.C. Natural Research S.R.L., 31B Dunării Street, 207465 Podari, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-351-407-543
| | - Tudor Adrian Bălşeanu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Maria Viorica Ciocîlteu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Cornelia Bejenaru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Antonia Radu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ludovic Everard Bejenaru
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Gabriela Rău
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - George Dan Mogoşanu
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Johny Neamţu
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Steven A. Benner
- Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution (FfAME), 13709 Progress Avenue, Room N112, Alachua, FL 32615, USA
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4
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Boat encounter with the 2019 Java bioluminescent milky sea: Views from on-deck confirm satellite detection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2207612119. [PMID: 35858363 PMCID: PMC9303900 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2207612119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
“Milky seas” are massive swaths of uniformly and steadily glowing ocean seen at night. The phenomenon is thought to be caused by luminous bacteria, but details of milky sea composition, structure, cause, and implications in nature remain largely uncertain. Between late July and early September 2019, specialized low-light satellite sensors detected a possible bioluminescent milky sea south of Java, Indonesia, spanning >100,000 km2. Upon learning of these findings, crew members of the yacht Ganesha reached out to confirm and share details of their personal encounter with this same event. Here, we document Ganesha’s experience as recalled by the crew, compare their course to satellite data, and assess their photography of this milky sea.
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Allen C, Finkel SE. Vibrio harveyi Exhibits the Growth Advantage in Stationary Phase Phenotype during Long-Term Incubation. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0214421. [PMID: 35080444 PMCID: PMC8791185 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02144-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioluminescent marine bacterium Vibrio harveyi can exist within a host, acting as a mutualist or a parasitic microbe, and as planktonic cells in open seawater. This study demonstrates the ability of V. harveyi populations to survive and adapt under nutrient stress conditions in the laboratory, starting in an initially rich medium. V. harveyi populations remain viable into long-term stationary phase, for at least 1 month, without the addition of nutrients. To determine whether these communities are dynamic, populations were sampled after 10, 20, and 30 days of incubation and examined for their competitive ability when cocultured with an unaged, parental population. While populations incubated for 10 or 20 days showed some fitness advantage over parental populations, only after 30 days of incubation did all populations examined outcompete parental populations in coculture, fully expressing the growth advantage in stationary phase (GASP) phenotype. The ability to express GASP, in the absence of additional nutrients after inoculation, verifies the dynamism of long-term stationary-phase V. harveyi populations, implies the ability to generate genetic diversity, and demonstrates the plasticity of the V. harveyi genome, allowing for rapid adaptation for survival in changing culture environments. Despite the dynamism, the adaptation to the changing culture environment occurs less rapidly than in Escherichia coli, possibly due to Vibrio harveyi's lower mutation frequency. IMPORTANCE Vibrio harveyi populations exist in many different niches within the ocean environment, as free-living cells, symbionts with particular squid and fish species, and parasites to other marine organisms. It is important to understand V. harveyi's ability to survive and evolve within each of these niches. This study focuses on V. harveyi's lifestyle outside the host environment, demonstrating this microbe's ability to survive long-term culturing after inoculation in an initially rich medium and revealing increased competitive fitness correlated with incubation time when aged V. harveyi populations are cocultured with unaged, parental cultures. Thus, this study highlights the development of the growth advantage in stationary phase (GASP) phenotype in V. harveyi populations suggesting a dynamic population with fluctuating genotype frequencies throughout long-term, host-independent incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calista Allen
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Steven E. Finkel
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
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6
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Abstract
Microbial communities associated with deep-sea animals are critical to the establishment of novel biological communities in unusual environments. Over the past few decades, rapid exploration of the deep sea has enabled the discovery of novel microbial communities, some of which form symbiotic relationships with animal hosts. Symbiosis in the deep sea changes host physiology, behavior, ecology, and evolution over time and space. Symbiont diversity within a host is often aligned with diverse metabolic pathways that broaden the environmental niche for the animal host. In this review, we focus on microbiomes and obligate symbionts found in different deep-sea habitats and how they facilitate survival of the organisms that live in these environments. In addition, we discuss factors that govern microbiome diversity, host specificity, and biogeography in the deep sea. Finally, we highlight the current limitations of microbiome research and draw a road map for future directions to advance our knowledge of microbiomes in the deep sea. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, Volume 10 is February 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam O Osman
- Biology Department, Eberly College, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA; .,Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.,Marine Biology Lab, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alexis M Weinnig
- Biology Department, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Miller SD, Haddock SHD, Straka WC, Seaman CJ, Combs CL, Wang M, Shi W, Nam S. Honing in on bioluminescent milky seas from space. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15443. [PMID: 34326427 PMCID: PMC8322353 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94823-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Milky seas are a rare form of marine bioluminescence where the nocturnal ocean surface produces a widespread, uniform and steady whitish glow. Mariners have compared their appearance to a daylit snowfield that extends to all horizons. Encountered most often in remote waters of the northwest Indian Ocean and the Maritime Continent, milky seas have eluded rigorous scientific inquiry, and thus little is known about their composition, formation mechanism, and role within the marine ecosystem. The Day/Night Band (DNB), a new-generation spaceborne low-light imager, holds potential to detect milky seas, but the capability has yet to be demonstrated. Here, we show initial examples of DNB-detected milky seas based on a multi-year (2012–2021) search. The massive bodies of glowing ocean, sometimes exceeding 100,000 km2 in size, persist for days to weeks, drift within doldrums amidst the prevailing sea surface currents, and align with narrow ranges of sea surface temperature and biomass in a way that suggests water mass isolation. These findings show how spaceborne assets can now help guide research vessels toward active milky seas to learn more about them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Menghua Wang
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Wei Shi
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.,National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - SungHyun Nam
- Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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Britton SJ, Neven H, Maskell DL. Microbial Small-Talk: Does Quorum Sensing Play a Role in Beer Fermentation? JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/03610470.2020.1843928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott J. Britton
- Research & Development, Duvel Moortgat, Puurs-Sint-Amands, Belgium
- International Centre for Brewing and Distilling, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hedwig Neven
- Research & Development, Duvel Moortgat, Puurs-Sint-Amands, Belgium
- Centre for Food and Microbial Technology (CLMT), Department M2S, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dawn L. Maskell
- International Centre for Brewing and Distilling, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
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9
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All living cells are cognitive. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 564:134-149. [PMID: 32972747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.08.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
All living cells sense and respond to changes in external or internal conditions. Without that cognitive capacity, they could not obtain nutrition essential for growth, survive inevitable ecological changes, or correct accidents in the complex processes of reproduction. Wherever examined, even the smallest living cells (prokaryotes) display sophisticated regulatory networks establishing appropriate adaptations to stress conditions that maximize the probability of survival. Supposedly "simple" prokaryotic organisms also display remarkable capabilities for intercellular signalling and multicellular coordination. These observations indicate that all living cells are cognitive.
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10
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Bazhenov SV, Khrulnova SA, Konopleva MN, Manukhov IV. Seasonal changes in luminescent intestinal microflora of the fish inhabiting the Bering and Okhotsk seas. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 366:5322163. [PMID: 30772893 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a study of luminescent intestinal microflora of the fish inhabiting Bering and Okhotsk seas in summer and winter seasons. Sampling of intestinal luminescent microflora was carried for several years, with all recovered species belonging to psychrophilic bacteria of either Aliivibrio logei or Photobacterium phosphoreum species. A seasonal change in fish intestinal luminescent microflora detected include an increase in prevalence of P. phosphoreum bacteria in summer and an increase in prevalence of A. logei bacteria in winter seasons. In fact, 90% of all luminescent bacteria isolated in winter period (January-March) were A. logei, while 88% of luminescent isolates recovered in summer period (July-September) were that of P. phosphoreum species. Seasonal changes were similar across all six sampling expeditions, three in winter and three in summer seasons, evenly spread through 2010-2018 period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Bazhenov
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russian Federation.,State Research Institute of Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms of the National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", 1st Dorozhnii pr., 1, Moscow 117545, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana A Khrulnova
- State Research Institute of Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms of the National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", 1st Dorozhnii pr., 1, Moscow 117545, Russian Federation
| | - Maria N Konopleva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya V Manukhov
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russian Federation.,State Research Institute of Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms of the National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", 1st Dorozhnii pr., 1, Moscow 117545, Russian Federation
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11
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Silva KPT, Boedicker JQ. A neural network model predicts community-level signaling states in a diverse microbial community. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1007166. [PMID: 31233492 PMCID: PMC6611639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal crosstalk within biological communication networks is common, and such crosstalk can have unexpected consequences for decision making in heterogeneous communities of cells. Here we examined crosstalk within a bacterial community composed of five strains of Bacillus subtilis, with each strain producing a variant of the quorum sensing peptide ComX. In isolation, each strain produced one variant of the ComX signal to induce expression of genes associated with bacterial competence. When strains were combined, a mixture of ComX variants was produced resulting in variable levels of gene expression. To examine gene regulation in mixed communities, we implemented a neural network model. Experimental quantification of asymmetric crosstalk between pairs of strains parametrized the model, enabling the accurate prediction of activity within the full five-strain network. Unlike the single strain system in which quorum sensing activated upon exceeding a threshold concentration of the signal, crosstalk within the five-strain community resulted in multiple community-level quorum sensing states, each with a unique combination of quorum sensing activation among the five strains. Quorum sensing activity of the strains within the community was influenced by the combination and ratio of strains as well as community dynamics. The community-level signaling state was altered through an external signal perturbation, and the output state depended on the timing of the perturbation. Given the ubiquity of signal crosstalk in diverse microbial communities, the application of such neural network models will increase accuracy of predicting activity within microbial consortia and enable new strategies for control and design of bacterial signaling networks. Bacteria can communicate with each other using chemical signals to activate genetic expression in a process known as quorum sensing. Quorum sensing in bacteria is known to regulate a number collective behaviors in bacteria such as biofilm formation, antibiotic production and production of virulence factors which leads to bacterial infections. In a community, different species of bacteria can crosstalk using these signals, such that they regulate each other’s quorum sensing activation. Crosstalk can be either excitatory or inhibitory towards quorum sensing activation. Generally, in a bacterial community, it is not straightforward to understand how cells utilize mixtures of quorum sensing signals to regulate quorum sensing activation. To address this issue, we used a neural network approach in which we were able to predict patterns of quorum sensing activation in a diverse community of Bacillus subtilis cells producing five different signals and we observed that quorum sensing activation depended on signal concentration, species ratio and time sensitive external perturbations. Our findings can be useful in systematically controlling quorum sensing and potentially devising better strategies to fight bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalinga Pavan T. Silva
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - James Q. Boedicker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Silva KPT, Yusufaly TI, Chellamuthu P, Boedicker JQ. Disruption of microbial communication yields a two-dimensional percolation transition. Phys Rev E 2019; 99:042409. [PMID: 31108688 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.99.042409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria communicate with each other to coordinate macroscale behaviors including pathogenesis, biofilm formation, and antibiotic production. Empirical evidence suggests that bacteria are capable of communicating at length scales far exceeding the size of individual cells. Several mechanisms of signal interference have been observed in nature, and how interference influences macroscale activity within microbial populations is unclear. Here we examined the exchange of quorum sensing signals to coordinate microbial activity over long distances in the presence of a variable amount of interference through a neighboring signal-degrading strain. As the level of interference increased, communication over large distances was disrupted and at a critical amount of interference, large-scale communication was suppressed. We explored this transition in experiments and reaction-diffusion models, and confirmed that this transition is a two-dimensional percolation transition. These results demonstrate the utility of applying physical models to emergence in complex biological networks to probe robustness and universal quantitative features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalinga Pavan T Silva
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Tahir I Yusufaly
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Prithiviraj Chellamuthu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - James Q Boedicker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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13
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Frère L, Maignien L, Chalopin M, Huvet A, Rinnert E, Morrison H, Kerninon S, Cassone AL, Lambert C, Reveillaud J, Paul-Pont I. Microplastic bacterial communities in the Bay of Brest: Influence of polymer type and size. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:614-625. [PMID: 30014939 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (<5 mm) exhibit intrinsic features such as density, hydrophobic surface, or high surface/volume ratio, that are known to promote microbial colonization and biofilm formation in marine ecosystems. Yet, a relatively low number of studies have investigated the nature of microplastic associated bacterial communities in coastal ecosystems and the potential factors influencing their composition and structure. Here, we characterized microplastics collected in the Bay of Brest by manual sorting followed by Raman spectroscopy and studied their associated bacterial assemblages using 16S amplicon high-throughput sequencing. Our methodology allowed discriminating polymer type (polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene) within small size ranges (0.3-1 vs. 1-2 vs. 2-5 mm) of microplastics collected. Data showed high species richness and diversity on microplastics compared to surrounding seawater samples encompassing both free living and particle attached bacteria. Even though a high proportion of operational taxonomic units (OTU; 94 ± 4%) was shared among all plastic polymers, polystyrene fragments exhibited distinct bacterial assemblages as compared to polyethylene and polypropylene samples. No effect of microplastic size was revealed regardless of polymer type, site and date of collection. The Vibrio genus was commonly detected in the microplastic fraction and specific PCR were performed to determine the presence of potentially pathogenic Vibrio strains (namely V. aestuarianus and the V. splendidus polyphyletic group). V. splendidus related species harboring putative oyster pathogens were detected on most microplastic pools (77%) emphasizing the need of further research to understand the role of microplastics on pathogen population transport and ultimate disease emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Frère
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Lois Maignien
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes (LM2E), UMR 6197 Ifremer/UBO/CNRS - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Morgane Chalopin
- Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 (UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer), Centre Bretagne - CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Arnaud Huvet
- Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 (UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer), Centre Bretagne - CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Emmanuel Rinnert
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Détection, Capteurs, Mesures (RDT-LDCM), Centre Bretagne - ZI de la Pointe du Diable - CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Hilary Morrison
- Josephine Bay Paul Centre for Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL Street Woods Hole, MA, United States
| | - Sandrine Kerninon
- LABOCEA, 22, Ave. de la Plage des Gueux, ZA de Creac'h Gwen, CS 13031, 29334 QUIMPER Cedex, France
| | - Anne-Laure Cassone
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Christophe Lambert
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Julie Reveillaud
- ASTRE, INRA, CIRAD, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ika Paul-Pont
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
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14
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Giraldo Herrera CE. Shamanic Microscopy: Cellular Souls, Microbial Spirits. ANTHROPOLOGY OF CONSCIOUSNESS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/anoc.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Costerton J, Montanaro L, Arciola C. Bacterial Communications in Implant Infections: A Target for an Intelligence War. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 30:757-63. [DOI: 10.1177/039139880703000903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The status of population density is communicated among bacteria by specific secreted molecules, called pheromones or autoinducers, and the control mechanism is called “quorum-sensing”. Quorum-sensing systems regulate the expression of a panel of genes, allowing bacteria to adapt to modified environmental conditions at a high density of population. The two known different quorum systems are described as the LuxR-LuxI system in gram-negative bacteria, which uses an N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) as signal, and the agr system in gram-positive bacteria, which uses a peptide-tiolactone as signal and the RNAIII as effector molecules. Both in gram-negative and in gram-positive bacteria, quorum-sensing systems regulate the expression of adhesion mechanisms (biofilm and adhesins) and virulence factors (toxins and exoenzymes) depending on population cell density. In gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa, analogs of signaling molecules such as furanone analogs, are effective in attenuating bacterial virulence and controlling bacterial infections. In gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, the quorum-sensing RNAIII-inhibiting peptide (RIP), tested in vitro and in animal infection models, has been proved to inhibit virulence and prevent infections. Attenuation of bacterial virulence by quorum-sensing inhibitors, rather than by bactericidal or bacteriostatic drugs, is a highly attractive concept because these antibacterial agents are less likely to induce the development of bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.W. Costerton
- Center for Biofilms, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California - USA
| | - L. Montanaro
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna - Italy
- Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, Bologna - Italy
| | - C.r. Arciola
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna - Italy
- Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, Bologna - Italy
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16
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Silva KPT, Chellamuthu P, Boedicker JQ. Quantifying the strength of quorum sensing crosstalk within microbial communities. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005809. [PMID: 29049387 PMCID: PMC5663516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In multispecies microbial communities, the exchange of signals such as acyl-homoserine lactones (AHL) enables communication within and between species of Gram-negative bacteria. This process, commonly known as quorum sensing, aids in the regulation of genes crucial for the survival of species within heterogeneous populations of microbes. Although signal exchange was studied extensively in well-mixed environments, less is known about the consequences of crosstalk in spatially distributed mixtures of species. Here, signaling dynamics were measured in a spatially distributed system containing multiple strains utilizing homologous signaling systems. Crosstalk between strains containing the lux, las and rhl AHL-receptor circuits was quantified. In a distributed population of microbes, the impact of community composition on spatio-temporal dynamics was characterized and compared to simulation results using a modified reaction-diffusion model. After introducing a single term to account for crosstalk between each pair of signals, the model was able to reproduce the activation patterns observed in experiments. We quantified the robustness of signal propagation in the presence of interacting signals, finding that signaling dynamics are largely robust to interference. The ability of several wild isolates to participate in AHL-mediated signaling was investigated, revealing distinct signatures of crosstalk for each species. Our results present a route to characterize crosstalk between species and predict systems-level signaling dynamics in multispecies communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalinga Pavan T. Silva
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Prithiviraj Chellamuthu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - James Q. Boedicker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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17
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Silva KP, Chellamuthu P, Boedicker JQ. Signal Destruction Tunes the Zone of Activation in Spatially Distributed Signaling Networks. Biophys J 2017; 112:1037-1044. [PMID: 28297640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse microbial communities coordinate group behaviors through signal exchange, such as the exchange of acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) by Gram-negative bacteria. Cellular communication is prone to interference by neighboring microbes. One mechanism of interference is signal destruction through the production of an enzyme that cleaves the signaling molecule. Here we examine the ability of one such interference enzyme, AiiA, to modulate signal propagation in a spatially distributed system of bacteria. We have developed an experimental assay to measure signal transduction and implement a theoretical model of signaling dynamics to predict how the system responds to interference. We show that titration of an interfering strain into a signaling network tunes the spatial range of activation over the centimeter length scale, quantifying the robustness of the signaling network to signal destruction and demonstrating the ability to program systems-level responses of spatially heterogeneous cellular networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalinga Pavan Silva
- Department of Physics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Prithiviraj Chellamuthu
- Department of Physics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - James Q Boedicker
- Department of Physics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
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18
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First description of wound infection with Vibrio harveyi in Spain. New Microbes New Infect 2017; 19:15-16. [PMID: 28663799 PMCID: PMC5480822 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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19
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Decho AW, Gutierrez T. Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPSs) in Ocean Systems. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:922. [PMID: 28603518 PMCID: PMC5445292 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial cells (i.e., bacteria, archaea, microeukaryotes) in oceans secrete a diverse array of large molecules, collectively called extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) or simply exopolymers. These secretions facilitate attachment to surfaces that lead to the formation of structured 'biofilm' communities. In open-water environments, they also lead to formation of organic colloids, and larger aggregations of cells, called 'marine snow.' Secretion of EPS is now recognized as a fundamental microbial adaptation, occurring under many environmental conditions, and one that influences many ocean processes. This relatively recent realization has revolutionized our understanding of microbial impacts on ocean systems. EPS occur in a range of molecular sizes, conformations and physical/chemical properties, and polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and even nucleic acids are actively secreted components. Interestingly, however, the physical ultrastructure of how individual EPS interact with each other is poorly understood. Together, the EPS matrix molecules form a three-dimensional architecture from which cells may localize extracellular activities and conduct cooperative/antagonistic interactions that cannot be accomplished efficiently by free-living cells. EPS alter optical signatures of sediments and seawater, and are involved in biogeomineral precipitation and the construction of microbial macrostructures, and horizontal-transfers of genetic information. In the water-column, they contribute to the formation of marine snow, transparent exopolymer particles (TEPs), sea-surface microlayer biofilm, and marine oil snow. Excessive production of EPS occurs during later-stages of phytoplankton blooms as an excess metabolic by product and releases a carbon pool that transitions among dissolved-, colloidal-, and gel-states. Some EPS are highly labile carbon forms, while other forms appear quite refractory to degradation. Emerging studies suggest that EPS contribute to efficient trophic-transfer of environmental contaminants, and may provide a protective refugia for pathogenic cells within marine systems; one that enhances their survival/persistence. Finally, these secretions are prominent in 'extreme' environments ranging from sea-ice communities to hypersaline systems to the high-temperatures/pressures of hydrothermal-vent systems. This overview summarizes some of the roles of exopolymer in oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan W. Decho
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, ColumbiaSC, United States
| | - Tony Gutierrez
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt UniversityEdinburgh, United Kingdom
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20
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Yang Q, Pande GSJ, Wang Z, Lin B, Rubin RA, Vora GJ, Defoirdt T. Indole signalling and (micro)algal auxins decrease the virulence of Vibrio campbellii, a major pathogen of aquatic organisms. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:1987-2004. [PMID: 28251783 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Vibrios belonging to the Harveyi clade are major pathogens of marine vertebrates and invertebrates, causing major losses in wild and cultured organisms. Despite their significant impact, the pathogenicity mechanisms of these bacteria are not yet completely understood. In this study, the impact of indole signalling on the virulence of Vibrio campbellii was investigated. Elevated indole levels significantly decreased motility, biofilm formation, exopolysaccharide production and virulence to crustacean hosts. Indole furthermore inhibited the three-channel quorum sensing system of V. campbellii, a regulatory mechanism that is required for full virulence of the pathogen. Further, indole signalling was found to interact with the stress sigma factor RpoS. Together with the observations that energy-consuming processes (motility and bioluminescence) are downregulated, and microarray-based transcriptomics demonstrating that indole decreases the expression of genes involved in energy and amino acid metabolism, the data suggest that indole is a starvation signal in V. campbellii. Finally, it was found that the auxins indole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-acetamide, which were produced by various (micro)algae sharing the aquatic environment with V. campbellii, have a similar effect as observed for indole. Auxins might, therefore, have a significant impact on the interactions between vibrios, (micro)algae and higher organisms, with major ecological and practical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Zheng Wang
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Baochuan Lin
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Robert A Rubin
- Mathematics Department, Whittier College, Whittier, CA, USA
| | - Gary J Vora
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tom Defoirdt
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.,Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (cmet), Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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21
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Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a form of chemical communication used by certain bacteria that regulates a wide range of biogeochemically important bacterial behaviors. Although QS was first observed in a marine bacterium nearly four decades ago, only in the past decade has there been a rise in interest in the role that QS plays in the ocean. It has become clear that QS, regulated by signals such as acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) or furanosyl-borate diesters [autoinducer-2 (AI-2) molecules], is involved in important processes within the marine carbon cycle, in the health of coral reef ecosystems, and in trophic interactions between a range of eukaryotes and their bacterial associates. The most well-studied QS systems in the ocean occur in surface-attached (biofilm) communities and rely on AHL signaling. AHL-QS is highly sensitive to the chemical and biological makeup of the environment and may respond to anthropogenic change, including ocean acidification and rising sea surface temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R Hmelo
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195;
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22
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Foulon V, Le Roux F, Lambert C, Huvet A, Soudant P, Paul-Pont I. Colonization of Polystyrene Microparticles by Vibrio crassostreae: Light and Electron Microscopic Investigation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:10988-10996. [PMID: 27640445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics collected at sea harbor a high diversity of microorganisms, including some Vibrio genus members, raising questions about the role of microplastics as a novel ecological niche for potentially pathogenic microorganisms. In the present study, we investigated the adhesion dynamics of Vibrio crassostreae on polystyrene microparticles (micro-PS) using electronic and fluorescence microscopy techniques. Micro-PS were incubated with bacteria in different media (Zobell culture medium and artificial seawater) with or without natural marine aggregates. The highest percentage of colonized particles (38-100%) was observed in Zobell culture medium, which may be related to nutrient availability for production of pili and exopolysaccharide adhesion structures. A longer bacterial attachment (6 days) was observed on irregular micro-PS compared to smooth particles (<10 h), but complete decolonization of all particles eventually occurred. The presence of natural marine agreggates around micro-PS led to substantial and perennial colonization featuring monospecific biofilms at the surface of the aggregates. These exploratory results suggest that V. crassostreae may be a secondary colonizer of micro-PS, requiring a multispecies community to form a durable adhesion phenotype. Temporal assessment of microbial colonization on microplastics at sea using imaging and omics approaches are further indicated to better understand the microplastics colonization dynamics and species assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Foulon
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise , Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Frédérique Le Roux
- Ifremer, Unité Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins , ZI de la Pointe du Diable, CS 10070, F-29280 Plouzané, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models , Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff, France
| | - Christophe Lambert
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise , Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Arnaud Huvet
- Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR, UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer), Centre Bretagne , ZI de la Pointe du Diable, CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Philippe Soudant
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise , Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Ika Paul-Pont
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise , Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
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23
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Wang Z, Robertson KL, Liu C, Liu JL, Johnson BJ, Leary DH, Compton JR, Vuddhakul V, Legler PM, Vora GJ. A novelVibriobeta-glucosidase (LamN) that hydrolyzes the algal storage polysaccharide laminarin. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiv087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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24
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Kricka LJ, Stanley PE. In memoriam: A life scientific--John Woodland 'Woody' Hastings (1927-2014). LUMINESCENCE 2014; 29:959-62. [PMID: 25511674 DOI: 10.1002/bio.2827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Langebrake JB, Dilanji GE, Hagen SJ, De Leenheer P. Traveling waves in response to a diffusing quorum sensing signal in spatially-extended bacterial colonies. J Theor Biol 2014; 363:53-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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26
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Shivakumar V, Chakravortty D. Biofilms: Community behavior by bacteria. RESONANCE 2014; 19:1005-1016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12045-014-0119-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
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27
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Grimes DJ, Ford TE, Colwell RR, Baker-Austin C, Martinez-Urtaza J, Subramaniam A, Capone DG. Viewing marine bacteria, their activity and response to environmental drivers from orbit: satellite remote sensing of bacteria. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2014; 67:489-500. [PMID: 24477922 PMCID: PMC4058845 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-013-0363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Satellite-based remote sensing of marine microorganisms has become a useful tool in predicting human health risks associated with these microscopic targets. Early applications were focused on harmful algal blooms, but more recently methods have been developed to interrogate the ocean for bacteria. As satellite-based sensors have become more sophisticated and our ability to interpret information derived from these sensors has advanced, we have progressed from merely making fascinating pictures from space to developing process models with predictive capability. Our understanding of the role of marine microorganisms in primary production and global elemental cycles has been vastly improved as has our ability to use the combination of remote sensing data and models to provide early warning systems for disease outbreaks. This manuscript will discuss current approaches to monitoring cyanobacteria and vibrios, their activity and response to environmental drivers, and will also suggest future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Jay Grimes
- Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, The University of Southern Mississippi, 703 East Beach Drive, Ocean Springs, MS 39564, USA
| | - Tim E. Ford
- University of New England, 716 Stevens Avenue, Portland, ME 04103, USA,
| | - Rita R. Colwell
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, UMIACS, University of Maryland, 3103 Biomolecular Sciences Building #296, College Park, MD 20742, USA,
| | - Craig Baker-Austin
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, UK,
| | - Jaime Martinez-Urtaza
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK,
| | - Ajit Subramaniam
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA,
| | - Douglas G. Capone
- Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0371, USA,
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28
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Takemura AF, Chien DM, Polz MF. Associations and dynamics of Vibrionaceae in the environment, from the genus to the population level. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:38. [PMID: 24575082 PMCID: PMC3920100 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Vibrionaceae, which encompasses several potential pathogens, including V. cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, and V. vulnificus, the deadliest seafood-borne pathogen, are a well-studied family of marine bacteria that thrive in diverse habitats. To elucidate the environmental conditions under which vibrios proliferate, numerous studies have examined correlations with bulk environmental variables—e.g., temperature, salinity, nitrogen, and phosphate—and association with potential host organisms. However, how meaningful these environmental associations are remains unclear because data are fragmented across studies with variable sampling and analysis methods. Here, we synthesize findings about Vibrio correlations and physical associations using a framework of increasingly fine environmental and taxonomic scales, to better understand their dynamics in the wild. We first conduct a meta-analysis to determine trends with respect to bulk water environmental variables, and find that while temperature and salinity are generally strongly predictive correlates, other parameters are inconsistent and overall patterns depend on taxonomic resolution. Based on the hypothesis that dynamics may better correlate with more narrowly defined niches, we review evidence for specific association with plants, algae, zooplankton, and animals. We find that Vibrio are attached to many organisms, though evidence for enrichment compared to the water column is often lacking. Additionally, contrary to the notion that they flourish predominantly while attached, Vibrio can have, at least temporarily, a free-living lifestyle and even engage in massive blooms. Fine-scale sampling from the water column has enabled identification of such lifestyle preferences for ecologically cohesive populations, and future efforts will benefit from similar analysis at fine genetic and environmental sampling scales to describe the conditions, habitats, and resources shaping Vibrio dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison F Takemura
- Parsons Lab for Environmental Science and Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Diana M Chien
- Parsons Lab for Environmental Science and Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Martin F Polz
- Parsons Lab for Environmental Science and Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, USA
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29
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Crowley TE. Fluorescence-PCR assays and isolation of luminescent bacterial clones using an automated plate reader. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION : A BIMONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 39:126-132. [PMID: 21445904 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.20447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The genes responsible for luminescence in various species of the marine microorganism Photobacterium, have been used for many years as a tool by researchers and instructors. In particular, the lux operon of Photobacterium fischeri has been used by many instructors to teach recombinant DNA techniques. Two methods using an automated plate reader and multiwell plates were applied to a set of previously-published exercises. In these exercises that involve transfer of lux genes to Escherichia coli to create a luminescent phenotype, this technology was used to screen for Lux(+) colonies. It was found to be more convenient and more sensitive than the previously used method; that is, assaying bacterial plates by direct observation. Eight students synthesized four genomic libraries and isolated six Lux(+) clones. The fluorescent-detection feature of the plate reader was used to verify amplification of target sequence in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reactions. Lux(+) E. coli colony lysates were examined. An exonuclease-activated, fluorescent DNA probe generated a signal on hybridization to an amplified portion of the luxA gene in each lysate tested. This method is suggested as a means of demonstrating the concept of real-time PCR without the expense of the specialized device typically used for this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Crowley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, USA.
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30
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Decho AW, Frey RL, Ferry JL. Chemical challenges to bacterial AHL signaling in the environment. Chem Rev 2010; 111:86-99. [PMID: 21142012 DOI: 10.1021/cr100311q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan W Decho
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
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31
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Abstract
Bioluminescence spans all oceanic dimensions and has evolved many times--from bacteria to fish--to powerfully influence behavioral and ecosystem dynamics. New methods and technology have brought great advances in understanding of the molecular basis of bioluminescence, its physiological control, and its significance in marine communities. Novel tools derived from understanding the chemistry of natural light-producing molecules have led to countless valuable applications, culminating recently in a related Nobel Prize. Marine organisms utilize bioluminescence for vital functions ranging from defense to reproduction. To understand these interactions and the distributions of luminous organisms, new instruments and platforms allow observations on individual to oceanographic scales. This review explores recent advances, including the chemical and molecular, phylogenetic and functional, community and oceanographic aspects of bioluminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven H D Haddock
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, California 95039, USA.
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32
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Mutations in the lux operon of natural dark mutants in the genus Vibrio. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 74:61-6. [PMID: 17981944 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01199-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial bioluminescence can display a wide range of intensities among strains, from very bright to undetectable, and it has been shown previously that there are nonluminous vibrios that possess lux genes. In this paper, we report the isolation and characterization of completely dark natural mutants in the genus Vibrio. Screening of over 600 Vibrio isolates with a luxA gene probe revealed that approximately 5% carried the luxA gene. Bioluminescence assays of the luxA-positive isolates, followed by repetitive extragenic palindromic-PCR fingerprinting, showed three unique genotypes that are completely dark. The dark mutants show a variety of lesions, including an insertion sequence, point mutations, and deletions. Strain BCB451 has an IS10 insertion sequence in luxA, a mutated luxE stop codon, and a truncated luxH. Strain BCB494 has a 396-bp deletion in luxC, and strain BCB440 has a frameshift in luxC. This paper represents the first molecular characterization of natural dark mutants and the first demonstration of incomplete lux operons in natural isolates.
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33
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Horswill AR, Stoodley P, Stewart PS, Parsek MR. The effect of the chemical, biological, and physical environment on quorum sensing in structured microbial communities. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 387:371-80. [PMID: 17047948 PMCID: PMC1797063 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0720-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2006] [Revised: 07/25/2006] [Accepted: 07/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
As researchers attempt to study quorum sensing in relevant clinical or environmental settings, it is apparent that many factors have the potential to affect signaling. These factors span a range of physical, chemical, and biological variables that can impact signal production, stability and distribution. Optimizing experimental systems to natural or clinical environments may be crucial for defining when and where quorum sensing occurs. These points are illustrated in our case study of S. aureus signaling in biofilms, where signal stability may be affected by the host environment. The basic signaling schemes have been worked out at the molecular level for a few of the major quorum-sensing systems. As these studies continue to refine our understanding of these mechanisms, an emerging challenge is to identify if and when the local environment can affect signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Stoodley
- Center for Genomic Sciences, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15212 USA
| | - Philip S. Stewart
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3980 USA
| | - Matthew R. Parsek
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 357242, Seattle, WA 98195-7242 USA
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