Immunofluorescence staining of group B coxsackieviruses

Viral myocarditis. A review

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Factors involved in enzyme-linked immunoassay of viruses and evaluation of the method for identification of enteroviruses

A quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for identification of selected enteroviruses: poliovirus type 1, echovirus type 6, coxsackievirus A type 9, and coxsackievirus B types 1 through 6. Partially purified viral antigens or virus-specific antibodies were adsorbed to polystyrene spectrophotometer cuvettes, which permitted the assays to be reported and compared in terms of enzyme units specifically reacting. Both the adsorbed antigen and the adsorbed antibody methods were approximately equal in terms of sensitivity and specificity of reaction. By use [14C]leucine-labeled enteroviruses, the amount of virus that bound to the plastics used was shown to be dependent on the purity of the virus preparation used, but it was higher than the amount that was bound by plastics coated with viral antibody. Diluents which contained 0.15% (vol/vol) Tween 20 and 2.0% (wt/vol) bovine serum albumin in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2, were found to be the most effective in inhibiting nonspecific adsorption of immunoreagents. However, the presence of these inhibitors in phosphate-buffered saline solutions also caused desorption of virus or viral antibody during immunoassays; the amount of virus desorption varied with the type of preparation used, and antibody desorption was dependent on the concentration of antibody initially used for adsorption. For specific identification of a given enterovirus type by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method used, approximately 10(5) plaque-forming units of virus per assay tube were required.

Antibody levels in human sera measured by the fluorescent-antibody technique against the coxsackie B viruses types 1-5 grown in HEp2 cells compared with results obtained by neutralization

Twenty pairs of acute and convalescent sera were tested for antibody to the coxsackie B viruses types 1-5 by neutralization and fluorescent-antibody techniques. Results by fluorescence were difficult to read and sensitivity was therefore reduced. Rises by neutralization were type specific in the majority of cases, while those by fluorescence were always against more than one viral type.