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Lou B, Liu Y, Shi M, Chen J, Li K, Tan Y, Chen L, Wu Y, Wang T, Liu X, Jiang T, Peng D, Liu Z. Aptamer-based biosensors for virus protein detection. Trends Analyt Chem 2022; 157:116738. [PMID: 35874498 PMCID: PMC9293409 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Virus threatens life health seriously. The accurate early diagnosis of the virus is vital for clinical control and treatment of virus infection. Aptamers are small single-stranded oligonucleotides (DNAs or RNAs). In this review, we summarized aptasensors for virus detection in recent years according to the classification of the viral target protein, and illustrated common detection mechanisms in the aptasensors (colorimetry, fluorescence assay, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy (SERS), electrochemical detection, and field-effect transistor (FET)). Furthermore, aptamers against different target proteins of viruses were summarized. The relationships between the different biomarkers of the viruses and the detection methods, and their performances were revealed. In addition, the challenges and future directions of aptasensors were discussed. This review will provide valuable references for constructing on-site aptasensors for detecting viruses, especially the SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Lou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Meilin Shi
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Yifu Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Liwei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Yuwei Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Dongming Peng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, PR China
| | - Zhenbao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, PR China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China
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Busari AA, Oshikoya KA, Adejumo IA, Olanrewaju OA, Usman SO, Badru WA, Oreagba IA, Olayemi SO. Low prevalence of isoniazid preventive therapy uptake among HIV-infected patients attending tertiary health facility in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 39:123. [PMID: 34527139 PMCID: PMC8418174 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.39.123.28095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction the burden of HIV and tuberculosis co-infection is a global public health challenge. Despite the benefit of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) in reducing the rate of co-infection, the uptake is generally limited in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of IPT use and the factors affecting the uptake among HIV-infected patients attending our Teaching Hospital. Methods this cross-sectional survey involved 300 HIV-infected individuals attending the AIDS prevention initiatives in Nigeria clinic of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital. A self-designed and well-structured questionnaire was used to document the demographic data, patients’ exposure to tuberculosis, and IPT uptake. Clinical data of eligible patients were also extracted from their case notes. The main outcome measure was the prevalence of IPT use and non-use. Results out of the respondents evaluated, (72.7%, n = 218) were females. Tuberculosis was the predominant comorbidity (15.7%, n = 47) and majority (53.0%, n = 159) had a CD4 count of < 500 cells/ml. Overall prevalence of IPT uptake was very low (7.1%, n = 18) among HIV-infected patients. Major factors affecting uptake were lack of awareness of benefit (44.4%, n = 8) and lack of fear of contracting tuberculosis (22.2%, n = 4). However, lack of awareness of IPT benefit was the only independent factor associated with poor IPT uptake (adjusted odds 1168.75, 95% confidence interval: 85.05-16060.33; p = 0.001). Conclusion isoniazid preventive therapy uptake was found to be very low in this study. Increased awareness and policy implementation of IPT by the healthcare provider is necessary.
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Caglayan MO, Üstündağ Z. Spectrophotometric ellipsometry based Tat-protein RNA-aptasensor for HIV-1 diagnosis. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 227:117748. [PMID: 31707021 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and reliable diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type I that causes autoimmune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is still important today. In this study, the HIV-I Tat (trans-activator of transcription) protein-specific RNA-aptamer (antiTat) and spectroscopic ellipsometer were preferred to increase specificity and sensitivity in the diagnosis. The ellipsometry is a well-known characterization tool for the ultra-thin films, where polarization state changes show surface deposition in terms of the ellipsometric angles, psi (Ψ) and delta (Δ). Here, we reported the HIV-Tat protein detection performance of antiTat aptamers both for the spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and for the surface plasmon resonance enhanced total internal reflection ellipsometry (SPReTIRE), first time. Detection limits for antiTat aptamers with various configurations were in the range of nM-pM protein in the buffer solution. For instance, SPRe-TIRE configuration revealed a detection limit of 1 pM (or about 1.5 pg/mL) for HIV-Tat protein in the range of 1.0-500 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Oguzhan Caglayan
- Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Faculty of Eng., Department of Bioengineering, 11210 Bilecik, Turkey; Cumhuriyet University, Nanotechnology Department, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Zafer Üstündağ
- Dumlupınar University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Chemistry Department, 43100 Kütahya, Turkey.
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Abubakar A. Frequency of human immunodeficiency virus infection among students of tertiary and secondary institutions in an endemic state. NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2012; 4:170-3. [PMID: 22536559 PMCID: PMC3334256 DOI: 10.4103/1947-2714.94941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Students are pivotal to manpower development and technological advancement of any nation. Nigerian nation was recently ranked third human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) most endemic nation in the world AIM The study was designed to determine the frequency of HIV infection among Nigerian tertiary and secondary institution students. MATERIALS AND METHODS A HIV screening test was conducted on 1,978 apparently healthy students composed of 981 males and 997 females aged 11-35 years, randomly selected from some Nigerian tertiary and secondary institutions RESULTS Overall, the sero-prevalence rate of 13.7% was recorded consisting 9.9% in the tertiary and 3.8% in secondary institutions. The distribution of the infection showed no significant difference by age (χ(2)=1.07, P>0.05) and by gender (χ(2)=0.85, P>0.05). Also, the prevalence had no significant association with the settlement of students (χ(2)=0.96, P>0.05) and the status of educational institutions (χ(2)=1.42, P>0.05). CONCLUSION The findings indicate a high HIV prevalence rate among students in this part of the globe. General behavioral changes about sex among the students are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulazeez Abubakar
- Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Kwara State University, Malete-Ilorin, Nigeria
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Sachdeva RK, Wanchu A, Bagga R, Malla N, Sharma M. Effect of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors on cytokine, chemokine, and immunoglobulin profiles in serum and genital secretions of HIV-infected women. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2010; 30:299-310. [PMID: 20187769 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2009.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) is widely accepted as first-line ART in developing countries. Although reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based regimens have been studied in the peripheral blood, no studies have analyzed alterations in cytokine and chemokine levels, together in peripheral blood and genital secretions. Forty HIV-infected women with CD4 cell counts <200 cells/mm(3), asymptomatic, with no genital tract infection, willing to participate in the study, and adhere to ART were enrolled. Cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) was collected in the mid-cycle phase of menstrual cycle. Patients were initiated with reverse transcriptase-based antiretrovirals. Repeat sampling was performed at 24 weeks. Cytokines and chemokines were measured using ultrasensitive ELISA kits. Viral load declined to undetectable levels in 29 patients in the blood and in 33 cases in the CVL. Proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-alpha, interleukin-6 [IL-6], IL-1beta) in the serum and CVL showed a significant decrease in mean levels after therapy. IL-2 levels increased significantly whereas IL-12 and (IFN-gamma decreased in both compartments. Mean levels of IL-4 and IL-10 decreased significantly in the serum. There was direct correlation between serum and CVL levels of IL-2 and IL-10. IL-10 had a negative correlation with CD4% at baseline and 6 months of therapy. Mean levels of all alpha- and beta-chemokines decreased in serum after therapy. In CVL, mean levels of MIP-1alpha, RANTES, and IL-8 reduced and SDF-1alpha increased significantly (P value <0.001). Serum levels of all the cytokines, except IL-2, and all chemokines prior to therapy, were significantly higher than healthy controls. In CVL, mean levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta, IL-12, IFN-gamma, IL-10, RANTES, and IL-8 were significantly higher, whereas IL-2, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta were significantly lower than healthy controls. The mean levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines significantly decreased in serum and CVL after therapy, possibly due to reduced viral load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Kaur Sachdeva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh, India
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Rasool ST, Tang H, Wu J, Li W, Mukhtar MM, Zhang J, Mu Y, Xing HX, Wu J, Zhu Y. Increased level of IL-32 during human immunodeficiency virus infection suppresses HIV replication. Immunol Lett 2008; 117:161-7. [PMID: 18329725 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2008.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2007] [Revised: 01/10/2008] [Accepted: 01/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-32 was recently identified as a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by T-lymphocytes, natural killer cells, epithelial cells, and blood monocytes. IL-32 is induced by IFN-gamma in a time-dependent manner suggesting a role for IL-32 in innate and adaptive immune responses. In this study we present evidence that Human immunodeficiency virus promotes interleukin-32 production at both mRNA and protein levels. Our results showed that there is a 74% increase in the serum levels of IL-32 among HIV patients as compared to healthy individuals. There was a three-fold increase in the promoter activity of the IL-32 in the present infections HIV clone. This increase in IL-32 promoter activity was substantiated by increased IL-32 mRNA and protein levels. We have also demonstrated that IL-32 suppresses HIV replication. Our results show that HIV LTR activity was increased by more than six-folds when endogenous IL-32 was knocked down by IL-32-specific siRNA whereas it decreased by one-fold when IL-32 was over expressed in the cells. Similarly a more than two-fold increase and a 50% decrease in HIV p24 values were noted when IL-32 was knocked down and when IL-32 was over expressed in the cells, respectively. Our present work shows that raised IL-32 levels in HIV infection may in turn hamper HIV replication; one of the protective mechanisms of nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahibzada T Rasool
- Medical Virology Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, PR China
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Nair MPN, Mahajan SD, Schwartz SA, Reynolds J, Whitney R, Bernstein Z, Chawda RP, Sykes D, Hewitt R, Hsiao CB. Cocaine modulates dendritic cell-specific C type intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin expression by dendritic cells in HIV-1 patients. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 174:6617-26. [PMID: 15905500 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.11.6617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We report that cocaine may act as cofactor in HIV pathogenesis by increasing dendritic cell-specific C type ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) expression on dendritic cells (DC). Our results show that cocaine-using, long-term nonprogressors and normal progressors of HIV infection manifest significantly higher levels of DC-SIGN compared with cocaine-nonusing long-term nonprogressors and normal progressors, respectively. Furthermore, in vitro HIV infection of MDC from normal subjects cultured with cocaine and/or HIV peptides up-regulated DC-SIGN, confirming our in vivo finding. Cocaine, in synergy with HIV peptides, also up-regulates DC-SIGN gene expression by MDC. Furthermore, the cocaine-induced effects were reversed by a D1 receptor antagonist demonstrating the specificity of the reaction. Our results indicate that cocaine exacerbates HIV infection by up-regulating DC-SIGN on DC and these effects are mediated via dysregulation of MAPKs. These data are the first evidence that cocaine up-regulates the expression of DC-SIGN on DC. A better understanding of the role of DC-SIGN in HIV infection may help to design novel therapeutic strategies against the progression of HIV disease in the drug-using population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavan P N Nair
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, State University of New York and Buffalo General Hospital, 14203, USA.
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Viveros-Rogel M, Soto-Ramirez L, Chaturvedi P, Newburg DS, Ruiz-Palacios GM. Inhibition of HIV-1 Infection in Vitro by Human Milk Sulfated Glycolipids and Glycosaminoglycans. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2004; 554:481-7. [PMID: 15384629 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-4242-8_69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Viveros-Rogel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Mahajan SD, Schwartz SA, Shanahan TC, Chawda RP, Nair MPN. Morphine Regulates Gene Expression of α- and β-Chemokines and Their Receptors on Astroglial Cells Via the Opioid μ Receptor. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2002; 169:3589-99. [PMID: 12244149 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.7.3589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The brain is a target organ for recreational drugs and HIV-1. Epidemiological data demonstrate that opioid abuse is a risk factor for HIV-1 infection and progression to AIDS. Chemokines and their receptors have been implicated in the neuropathogenesis of HIV-1 infections. However, little is known about the effects of opioids on the expression of chemokines and their receptors (the latter also are HIV-1 coreceptors) by cells of the CNS. Herein we describe the effects of morphine on gene expression of the alpha- and beta-chemokines and their receptors by the astrocytoma cell line U87 and by primary normal human astrocyte (NHA) cultures. U87 cells treated with morphine showed significant down-regulation of IL-8 gene expression, whereas expression of the IL-8 receptor CXCR2 was reciprocally up-regulated as detected by RT-PCR. Treatment of NHAs with morphine suppressed IL-8 and macrophage-inflammatory protein-1beta gene expression, whereas expression of their receptor genes, CCR3 and CCR5, was simultaneously enhanced. These morphine-induced effects on U87 and NHA cells were reversed by the opioid mu receptor antagonist beta-funaltrexamine. Morphine also enhanced the constitutive expression of the opioid mu receptor on astroglial cells. Our results support the hypothesis that opioids play a significant role in the susceptibility of the CNS to HIV-1 infection and subsequent encephalopathy by inhibiting local production of HIV-1-protective chemokines (IL-8 and macrophage-inflammatory protein-1beta) and enhancing expression of HIV-1 entry coreceptor genes (CCR3, CCR5, and CXCR2) within the CNS. These effects of opioids appear to be mediated through the opioid mu receptor that we demonstrated on astroglial cells.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/antagonists & inhibitors
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Astrocytes/immunology
- Astrocytes/metabolism
- Astrocytoma/immunology
- Astrocytoma/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokine CCL4
- Chemokines, CC/biosynthesis
- Chemokines, CC/genetics
- Chemokines, CXC/biosynthesis
- Chemokines, CXC/genetics
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Down-Regulation/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Interleukin-8/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-8/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-8/genetics
- Interleukin-8/metabolism
- Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins/biosynthesis
- Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins/genetics
- Morphine/pharmacology
- Naltrexone/analogs & derivatives
- Naltrexone/pharmacology
- Receptors, CCR3
- Receptors, CCR5/biosynthesis
- Receptors, CCR5/genetics
- Receptors, Chemokine/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/physiology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- Up-Regulation/genetics
- Up-Regulation/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya D Mahajan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, State University of New York and Buffalo General Hospital, Kaleida Health System, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
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Toro MJ, Escalona L, Chaiyarit P, Warner NA, Gregory RL. Salivary immunoglobulin A antibodies to gp41 in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients: lack of correlation with disease progression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001; 16:188-92. [PMID: 11358543 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-302x.2001.016003188.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mucous membranes are the main route of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Interestingly, some viral inhibitory activities have been found in saliva. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies to gp41 in HIV+ patients at various disease stages to identify whether gp41 was able to induce vigorous humoral responses. Unstimulated saliva samples were obtained from three groups of subjects (n=37): group A (HIV-), group B (HIV+, CD4+ <200/mm3), and group C (HIV+, CD4+ >200/mm3). IgA antibody levels to purified gp41 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blot analyses were performed using HIV+ saliva to confirm IgA reactivity to gp41. ELISA demonstrated that HIV+ subjects had higher IgA antibody to gp41 than HIV- individuals. No significant differences were noted between HIV+, CD4+ <200/mm3 and CD4+ >200/mm3 subjects. High (81.25%) IgA reactivity to gp41 was demonstrated by Western blotting of saliva from all HIV+ individuals. In conclusion, gp41 responses are important in the HIV disease process, as indicated by the high IgA levels and gp41 reactivity in saliva of HIV+ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Toro
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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