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Adejare A, Oloyo AK, Ishola IO, Busari AA, Ismail-Badmus KB, Abdulrazaq MM, Osifala OO, Salami MO. Brain antioxidant status and gene expressions of nicotinic and dopamine receptors are improved by black seed oil administration in cigarette smoke or nicotine vapour-exposed rats. Niger J Physiol Sci 2023; 38:157-169. [PMID: 38696688 DOI: 10.54548/njps.v38i2.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is associated with dysregulation of the antioxidant system and addiction. AIM This study sought to ascertain the effect of Nigella Sativa (NS) oil on the antioxidant system, nicotine/tobacco addiction as well as the expressions of α4β2 nicotinic (nAChR) and dopamine type-2 (DRD2) receptors in selected brain regions of the rat. METHODS Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups comprising of vehicle-treated control, NS oil only, Smoke only, Smoke + NS oil, Nicotine only and Nicotine + NS oil. Animals were passively exposed to cigarette smoke or nicotine vapour for 12 weeks, however, NS oil treatment commenced from 9th-12th week of the experimental duration. RESULTS Nicotine vapour and cigarette smoke-induced increase in cotinine level were significantly ameliorated by NS treatment. Cigarette smoke or nicotine vapour exposure significantly (p<0.05) decreased the level of antioxidant enzymes while increasing malondialdehyde level in the brain homogenates of the rats. Administration of NS oil significantly (p<0.05) reversed the reduced antioxidant level. Cigarette-smoke also significantly increased α4-nAChR expression in the frontal cortex and olfactory bulb compared to control. Nicotine vapour significantly increased DRD2 expression only in the olfactory cortex. NS oil administration reduced both the cigarette-smoke-induced increase in α4-nAChR and nicotine vapour-induced increase in DRD2 gene expression only in the olfactory cortex. CONCLUSION Findings from this study suggest that NS oil improves brain antioxidant status while ameliorating nicotine vapour and cigarette smoke addiction through down-regulation of α4-nAChR and DRD2 gene expressions in discrete brain regions in Sprague-Dawley rats.
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Aina OO, Busari AA, Oladele DA, Esezobor C, Akase IE, Okwuraiwe AP, Okoyenta CO, Otrofanowei E, James AB, Bamidele TA, Olopade OB, Ajibaye O, Musa AZ, Salako AO, Agabi OP, Olakiigbe AK, Akintan PE, Amoo OS, Ima-Edomwonyi E, Raheem TY, David AN, Akinbode GO, Nmadu N, Osuolale KA, Fadipe B, Abiola A, Tade T, Audu RA, Adeyemo WL, Ezechi OC, Bode C, Salako BL. Preliminary Study on Open Labelled Randomized Controlled Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine Phosphate for the Treatment of Persons Infected with 2019 Coronavirus Disease in Nigeria. West Afr J Med 2023; 40:1049-1059. [PMID: 37906618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a causative agent of COVID-19 is a leading cause of ill-health and deaths worldwide. Currently, COVID-19 has no known widely approved therapeutics. Thus, the need for effective treatment. OBJECTIVES We investigated the safety and efficacy of two (2) therapeutic agents; chloroquine phosphate (CQ), 2- hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and a control (standard supportive therapy) among hospitalized adults with COVID-19. METHODS The clinical trial was done in accordance to the World Health Organization master protocol for investigational therapeutics for COVID-19. Atotal of 40 participants with laboratory-confirmed positive COVID-19 were enrolled. Blood samples and oropharyngeal (OP) swabs were obtained on days 1,3,15 and 29 for safety and efficacy assessments. RESULTS The baseline demographics showed that the median ages in years (range) were 45 (31-57) in CQ, 45 (36.5-60.5) in HCQ, 43 (39.5-67.0) and 44.5 (25.3-51.3) in the control (P<0.042).At randomization, seven (7) participants were asymptomatic, thirty-three (33) had mild symptoms, eight (8) had moderate symptoms while three (3) had severe symptoms. The average day of conversion to negative COVID-19 was 15.5 days for CQ, 16 days for HCQ and 18 days for the control(P=0.036). CONCLUSION The safety assessment revealed no adverse effect of the drugs in COVID-19 patients after treatment. These findings proved that chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are effective for the treatment of COVID-19 among hospitalized adults. It also confirmed that they are safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- O O Aina
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A A Busari
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - D A Oladele
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - C Esezobor
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - I E Akase
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A P Okwuraiwe
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - C O Okoyenta
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - E Otrofanowei
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A B James
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - T A Bamidele
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O B Olopade
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O Ajibaye
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A Z Musa
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A O Salako
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O P Agabi
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A K Olakiigbe
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - P E Akintan
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O S Amoo
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - E Ima-Edomwonyi
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - T Y Raheem
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A N David
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - G O Akinbode
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - N Nmadu
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - K A Osuolale
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - B Fadipe
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A Abiola
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - T Tade
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - R A Audu
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - W L Adeyemo
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O C Ezechi
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - C Bode
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - B L Salako
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
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Ola-Bello OI, Akintan PE, Osuagwu CS, Oshun PO, Fajolu IB, Nwaiwu O, Olusanya A, Busari AA, Roberts AA, Temiye EO, Omotayo O, Oduyebo OO. 'Prospective audit with intervention and feedback' as a core antimicrobial stewardship strategy in the paediatrics department of a Nigerian tertiary hospital. Niger Postgrad Med J 2023; 30:137-143. [PMID: 37148116 DOI: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_257_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Inappropriate use of antibiotics for childhood illnesses, especially for non-bacterial infections, contributes to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Globally, implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programme (ASP) in all healthcare institutions is a strategic intervention to improve the appropriate use of antibiotics, reduce antimicrobial consumption and tackle AMR. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of prospective audit with intervention and feedback as an antimicrobial stewardship strategy on antimicrobial use, evaluate prescribers' response to recommendations and determine the rate of AMR in the Paediatrics Department of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Materials and Methods This was an implementation study of the paediatrics Antimicrobial Stewardship Programme (ASP) over a period of 6 months. It was initiated with a point prevalence survey (PPS) to describe the antimicrobial prescribing patterns and followed by prospective audit with interventions and feedback using an antimicrobial checklist and the existing antimicrobial guidelines in the Paediatrics Department. Results The antibiotic prescribing prevalence was high (79.9%) at baseline PPS with 139 patients on admission, of which 111 (79.9%) were treated with 202 antibiotic therapies. Over the 6 months of study, 582 patients on 1146 antimicrobial therapies were audited. Compliance with departmental guidelines was 58.1% of the total 1146 prescriptions audited (n = 666), making the antimicrobial prescription inappropriate in 41.9% (n = 480) of therapies. The most recommended intervention for inappropriateness was 'change antibiotics' 48.8% (n = 234), followed by 'stop antibiotics' 26% (n = 125), 'reduce the number of antibiotics' 19.6% (n = 194) and 'de-escalate' 2.4% (n = 11). Agreement with ASP interventions occurred in 193 (40.2%) cases, and the least agreed intervention was 'stop antibiotics' (n = 40, 32%). However, there was a steady increase in compliance rates with ASP interventions over the 6 months of period study, which was statically significant (χ2: 30.005; P = 0.001). Conclusion ASP prospective audit with intervention and feedback was of significant benefit in improving compliance with antimicrobial guidelines, thereby improving antimicrobial therapy in the Paediatrics Department of LUTH, Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia Eyanya Akintan
- College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba Lagos; Department of Paediatrics, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Chioma Stella Osuagwu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital; College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Philip Olayiwola Oshun
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital; College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Iretiola Bamikeolu Fajolu
- College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba Lagos; Department of Paediatrics, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Obiyo Nwaiwu
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adedunni Olusanya
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Abdulwasiu Adeniyi Busari
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Alero Ann Roberts
- College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba; Department of Community Health and Primary Care, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Edamisan Olusoji Temiye
- College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba Lagos; Department of Paediatrics, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Oyinlola Omoniyi Oduyebo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital; College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba Lagos, Nigeria
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Busari AA, Oshikoya KA, Adejumo IA, Olanrewaju OA, Usman SO, Badru WA, Oreagba IA, Olayemi SO. Low prevalence of isoniazid preventive therapy uptake among HIV-infected patients attending tertiary health facility in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 39:123. [PMID: 34527139 PMCID: PMC8418174 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.39.123.28095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction the burden of HIV and tuberculosis co-infection is a global public health challenge. Despite the benefit of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) in reducing the rate of co-infection, the uptake is generally limited in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of IPT use and the factors affecting the uptake among HIV-infected patients attending our Teaching Hospital. Methods this cross-sectional survey involved 300 HIV-infected individuals attending the AIDS prevention initiatives in Nigeria clinic of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital. A self-designed and well-structured questionnaire was used to document the demographic data, patients’ exposure to tuberculosis, and IPT uptake. Clinical data of eligible patients were also extracted from their case notes. The main outcome measure was the prevalence of IPT use and non-use. Results out of the respondents evaluated, (72.7%, n = 218) were females. Tuberculosis was the predominant comorbidity (15.7%, n = 47) and majority (53.0%, n = 159) had a CD4 count of < 500 cells/ml. Overall prevalence of IPT uptake was very low (7.1%, n = 18) among HIV-infected patients. Major factors affecting uptake were lack of awareness of benefit (44.4%, n = 8) and lack of fear of contracting tuberculosis (22.2%, n = 4). However, lack of awareness of IPT benefit was the only independent factor associated with poor IPT uptake (adjusted odds 1168.75, 95% confidence interval: 85.05-16060.33; p = 0.001). Conclusion isoniazid preventive therapy uptake was found to be very low in this study. Increased awareness and policy implementation of IPT by the healthcare provider is necessary.
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Busari AA, Oreagba IA, Oshikoya KA, Kayode MO, Olayemi SO. High Risk of Drug-drug interactions among Hospitalized Patients with kidney Diseases at a Nigerian Teaching Hospital: A Call for Action. Niger Med J 2020; 60:317-325. [PMID: 32180663 PMCID: PMC7053273 DOI: 10.4103/nmj.nmj_2_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are increasingly common in clinical practice, especially among individuals with chronic conditions, such as chronic kidney dysfunction. However, data relating to DDIs among chronically ill patients are limited in Nigeria. We, therefore, investigated the prevalence and pattern of DDIs among patients with kidney diseases on admission at a tertiary hospital in Lagos, Nigeria. Materials and Methods This was a prospective observational study involving 61 adults with kidney diseases and on admission in medical wards of the study center, over a 3-month period. Data extractions were with a purposefully designed pro forma to extract relevant data on demographic, clinical, and dosing regimens of the prescribed drugs for individual patients. Potential DDIs were identified, and their severity was rated using the MICROMEDEX® software database (IBM® Watson-Truven Health Analytics), which is available online with limited access. Results Of the 61 patients evaluated, majority were males (34; 55.7%), were elderly (26; 42.6%), and had chronic kidney disease Stage 3 (40; 65.5%). The most common cause of kidney disease was hypertension (20; 32.8%). Out of the 542 prescriptions received by the patients, potential DDI was observed in 508 (93.7%) prescriptions. Clinically significant drug interactions (CSDIs) were detected in 486 (85.7%) prescriptions. Pharmacodynamic DDIs (466; 91.7%) were the most common. Pill burden exceeding 25 pills/day was present in nine (14.8%) patients. The severities of the potential DDIs were major (135; 24.9%), moderate (333; 61.4%), and minor (38; 7.1%). Only two different potential DDIs were rated X (contraindicated). Conclusion Exposure to drugs with potential DDIs was very common among patients with kidney diseases. Most of the CSDIs observed were of major severity. The use of DDI checker before prescribing drugs for individuals with kidney diseases could avert clinically significant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulwasiu Adeniyi Busari
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim A Oreagba
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Kazeem A Oshikoya
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Mary O Kayode
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Sunday O Olayemi
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
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Awodele O, Badru WA, Busari AA, Kale OE, Ajayi TB, Udeh RO, Emeka PM. Toxicological evaluation of therapeutic and supra-therapeutic doses of Cellgevity® on reproductive function and biochemical indices in Wistar rats. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 19:68. [PMID: 30359320 PMCID: PMC6202817 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-018-0253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The misconception about dietary supplements being safe has led many into the in-patient wards. Cellgevity® (CGV) is a Max International premiere antioxidant supplement formula used by a large population. This study evaluated the effects of therapeutic and supra-therapeutic doses of CGV on reproductive function and biochemical indices in Wistar rats. METHODS Seventy-two Wistar rats weighing 130 ± 15.8 g were grouped into two categories (male or female) of six rats per group. Control group received distilled water (10 ml/kg). Others received therapeutic (14.3 mg/kg or 28.6 mg/kg) and supra-therapeutic CGV doses (1000, 2000 or 3000 mg/kg) body weight per oral respectively. RESULTS After 60 days, supra-therapeutic doses of CGV reduced sperm motility (p < 0.05) by 31.8%, 31.3% and 34.5% respectively and increased (p < 0.05) abnormality in sperms by 200%, 241% and 141.3% respectively. CGV altered male (luteinizing, follicle stimulating hormones and testosterone) and female reproductive hormones (luteinizing, follicle stimulating hormones estrogen and progesterone) respectively. Therapeutic doses of CGV elevated reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase, although, this was exceeded by supra-therapeutic doses and more in females than male rats. Supra-therapeutic dose (3000 mg/kg CGV) decreased body weight in both male and female rats by 50% (F(1.5, 30) = 1.2, p = 0.041) and 62.7% (F(2.1, 30) = 0.38, p = 0.038) respectively in treated rats. Supratherapeutic (3000 mg/kg) dose of CGV increased (p < 0.05) creatinine level by 99.1% while serum total protein was reduced (p < 0.05) by 60.1% (2000 mg/kg) and 57.2% (3000 mg/kg) respectively in male animals. In Female rats, supra-therapeutic doses of CGV elevated creatinine levels by 72.2% (1000 mg/kg), 60.2% (2000 mg/kg) and 124.8% (3000 mg/kg) respectively and 3000 mg/kg produces elevated serum low density lipoprotein by 34.6% in treated rats. Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, albumin, alkaline phosphatase were unaltered by CGV dosing. Histology shows seminiferous tubules with reduced spermatogenic cells. Also, female rat kidney revealed acute tubular necrosis at highest dose used in this study. CONCLUSION Overall, these data suggest that pro-oxidant potential of the supra-therapeutic CGV doses is evident. Hence, it is necessary that its administration be done with caution using appropriate doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Awodele
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Idi-Araba Campus, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - W A Badru
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Idi-Araba Campus, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A A Busari
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Idi-Araba Campus, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O E Kale
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Idi-Araba Campus, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - T B Ajayi
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Idi-Araba Campus, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - R O Udeh
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Idi-Araba Campus, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - P M Emeka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, King Faisal University Hofuf, Hofuf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Bello BT, Busari AA, Amira CO, Raji YR, Braimoh RW. Acute kidney injury in Lagos: Pattern, outcomes, and predictors of in-hospital mortality. Niger J Clin Pract 2018; 20:194-199. [PMID: 28091436 DOI: 10.4103/1119-3077.183258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The pattern of acute kidney injury (AKI) differs significantly between developed and developing countries. AIMS The aim of th study was to determine the pattern and clinical outcomes of AKI in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A retrospective review of hospital records of all patients with a diagnosis of AKI over a 20-month period. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Records of 54 patients were reviewed. Information retrieved included, bio-data, etiology of AKI, results of laboratory investigations, and patient outcomes. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Continuous data are presented as means while categorical data are presented as proportions. The Student's t-test was used to compare means while Chi-square test was used to compare percentages. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors that predicted in-hospital mortality. RESULTS Twenty-seven (50%) of the patients were male. The mean age of the study population was 39.7 years ± 16.3 years. Sepsis was the etiology of AKI in 52.1% of cases. Overall, in-hospital mortality was 29.6%. Patients who died had a shorter mean duration of hospital stay (9.2 days vs. 33.9 days [P < 0.01]), lower mean serum bicarbonate (19.5 mmol/L vs. 22.9 mmmol/L [P = 0.02]), were more likely to be admitted unconscious (82.4% vs. 17.6% [P = 0.01]) and to have been admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (37.5% vs. 7.9% [P = 0.01]). In addition, when dialysis was indicated, patients who did not have dialysis were more likely to die (58.3% vs. 41.7% [P = 0.02]). CONCLUSIONS The pattern of AKI in this study is similar to that from other developing countries. In-hospital mortality remains high although most of the causes are preventable.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Bello
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A A Busari
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - C O Amira
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Y R Raji
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - R W Braimoh
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
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Busari AA, Bello BT. Anomalous renal artery is potential cause of resistant hypertension in a 53 year old patient: case report. Niger J Med 2016; 25:192-196. [PMID: 29944319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-resistant hypertension can be attributable to secondary hypertension and other causes. Anomalous renal artery is uncommon but can be a potential cause of resistant hypertension. CASE REPORT We highlight the challenges in management of resistant hypertension and describe its unusual association with renal artery anomaly in 53 years old man who was referred to our nephrology clinic from a peripheral general hospital on account of poorly controlled hypertension. At presentation, BP was severely elevated at 208/100mmHg but no remarkable findings in the rest of the examination. Several investigations done including abdominal ultrasound scan and Computerised Tomography (CT) Renal angiogram revealed a Left anomalous renal artery. Patient declined all suggested urologic interventions and he was then managed conservatively. CONCLUSION We found that anomalous renal arteries can be a potential cause of resistant hypertension. We therefore recommend ultrasound scan of the abdomen as a screening modality due to its being non-invasive.
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Busari AA, Bello BT. Anomalous renal artery is potential cause of resistant hypertension in a 53 year old patient: Case report. Niger J Med 2016. [DOI: 10.4103/1115-2613.278276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
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