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Aina OO, Busari AA, Oladele DA, Esezobor C, Akase IE, Okwuraiwe AP, Okoyenta CO, Otrofanowei E, James AB, Bamidele TA, Olopade OB, Ajibaye O, Musa AZ, Salako AO, Agabi OP, Olakiigbe AK, Akintan PE, Amoo OS, Ima-Edomwonyi E, Raheem TY, David AN, Akinbode GO, Nmadu N, Osuolale KA, Fadipe B, Abiola A, Tade T, Audu RA, Adeyemo WL, Ezechi OC, Bode C, Salako BL. Preliminary Study on Open Labelled Randomized Controlled Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine Phosphate for the Treatment of Persons Infected with 2019 Coronavirus Disease in Nigeria. West Afr J Med 2023; 40:1049-1059. [PMID: 37906618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a causative agent of COVID-19 is a leading cause of ill-health and deaths worldwide. Currently, COVID-19 has no known widely approved therapeutics. Thus, the need for effective treatment. OBJECTIVES We investigated the safety and efficacy of two (2) therapeutic agents; chloroquine phosphate (CQ), 2- hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and a control (standard supportive therapy) among hospitalized adults with COVID-19. METHODS The clinical trial was done in accordance to the World Health Organization master protocol for investigational therapeutics for COVID-19. Atotal of 40 participants with laboratory-confirmed positive COVID-19 were enrolled. Blood samples and oropharyngeal (OP) swabs were obtained on days 1,3,15 and 29 for safety and efficacy assessments. RESULTS The baseline demographics showed that the median ages in years (range) were 45 (31-57) in CQ, 45 (36.5-60.5) in HCQ, 43 (39.5-67.0) and 44.5 (25.3-51.3) in the control (P<0.042).At randomization, seven (7) participants were asymptomatic, thirty-three (33) had mild symptoms, eight (8) had moderate symptoms while three (3) had severe symptoms. The average day of conversion to negative COVID-19 was 15.5 days for CQ, 16 days for HCQ and 18 days for the control(P=0.036). CONCLUSION The safety assessment revealed no adverse effect of the drugs in COVID-19 patients after treatment. These findings proved that chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are effective for the treatment of COVID-19 among hospitalized adults. It also confirmed that they are safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- O O Aina
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A A Busari
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - D A Oladele
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - C Esezobor
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - I E Akase
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A P Okwuraiwe
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - C O Okoyenta
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - E Otrofanowei
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A B James
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - T A Bamidele
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O B Olopade
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O Ajibaye
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A Z Musa
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A O Salako
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O P Agabi
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A K Olakiigbe
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - P E Akintan
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O S Amoo
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - E Ima-Edomwonyi
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - T Y Raheem
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A N David
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - G O Akinbode
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - N Nmadu
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - K A Osuolale
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - B Fadipe
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A Abiola
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - T Tade
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - R A Audu
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - W L Adeyemo
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O C Ezechi
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - C Bode
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - B L Salako
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
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Ezechi OC, Ohihoin GA, Oladele DA, Bamidele TA, Gbajabiamila TA, Salako AO, Musa ZA, Ohihoin E, Odubela OO, Gab-Okafor CV, Ezeobi PM, David AN, Odunukwe NN, Salako BL. Intimate Partner Violence and Risk Factors among Women during the COVID-19 Movement Restriction in Nigeria: An Online Survey. West Afr J Med 2023; 40:654-662. [PMID: 37390493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in the absence of treatment or the presence of vaccines is forcing nations to respond with strong preventive measures ranging from mitigation, containment, and in extreme cases, quarantines. While these measures are a useful measure of infection control, they can lead to significant social, economic, and psychological consequences. This study sought to establish the prevalence and risk factors of intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 movement restriction in Nigeria among girls and women. METHODS An online-based questionnaire survey using Google Forms was conducted over four weeks among girls and women aged 15 years and above. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20, and logistic regression was used to determine risk factors for IPV experience during the lockdown. RESULTS Overall, 32.8% of respondents reported ever experiencing IPV, and 42.5% experienced IPV during the lockdown. Verbal (35.1%) and psychological (24.1%) violence were the commonest forms of violence in the study. There was considerable overlap between the various forms of IPV in the study. Age less than 35 years (aOR = 1.3; CI = 1.2 - 1.4), resident in the northeast region (aOR=1.6; CI=1.41.9), alcohol (aOR=1.3;CI=1.2-1.5) and substance (aOR = 1.5; CI = 1.3 - 1.8) use, average family monthly income < $100 (aOR = 1.4;CI=1.2 - 1.5), daily or weekly income (aOR = 2.7; CI = 2.5-3.1) had an increased association with IPV during the lockdown, residency in the southeast region had lower odds of experiencing IPV (aOR=.0.5; CI = 0.3-0.8). CONCLUSION The reported lockdown prevalence of IPV was 42.8%, with verbal and psychological violence being the most prevalent form of IPV. Age less than 35 years, resident in northeast and southeast, use of alcohol or substances, average family monthly income < $100, and partner being a daily-weekly earner was associated with IPV experience. Policymakers in the future should consider the consequences, including IPV, before issuing such an order.
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Affiliation(s)
- O C Ezechi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos State, Nigeria. Phone: +2348033065683
| | - G A Ohihoin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos State, Nigeria. Phone: +2348033065683
| | - D A Oladele
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos State, Nigeria. Phone: +2348033065683
| | - T A Bamidele
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - T A Gbajabiamila
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos State, Nigeria. Phone: +2348033065683
| | - A O Salako
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos State, Nigeria. Phone: +2348033065683
| | - Z A Musa
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos State, Nigeria. Phone: +2348033065683
| | - E Ohihoin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos State, Nigeria. Phone: +2348033065683
| | - O O Odubela
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos State, Nigeria. Phone: +2348033065683
| | - C V Gab-Okafor
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - P M Ezeobi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos State, Nigeria. Phone: +2348033065683
| | - A N David
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos State, Nigeria. Phone: +2348033065683
| | - N N Odunukwe
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos State, Nigeria. Phone: +2348033065683
| | - B L Salako
- Director General's Office, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos State, Nigeria
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Panasenko LM, Nefedova ZV, Kartseva TV, Fadeeva KA, Oladele DA, Leonova NV. Analysis of risk factors for the formation of insufficiency and deficiency of vitamin D in children. Ross vestn perinatol pediatr 2023. [DOI: 10.21508/1027-4065-2023-68-1-91-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The article discusses the main risk factors for the formation of insufficiency and deficiency of vitamin D in children. Particular attention is paid to the course and dietary preferences of the mother during pregnancy, the intake of vitamin and mineral complexes, the nutrition of the child after birth, the type of feeding, the subsidy of vitamin D preparations and complementary foods. 1246 children under four years of age with no history of vitamin D deficiency were examined. With clinical manifestations of rickets, 52 children were identified, who underwent determination of 25(OH) D in serum, while low availability was detected in 21.1%, vitamin D insufficiency — in 63.4% of children, deficiency — in 15.3% of cases. There was an interaction between the use of dairy products enriched with a vitamin-mineral complex containing vitamin D and Ca, the use of therapeutic doses of vitamin D, and an increase in the level of 25 (OH) D in the blood serum.
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Salako AO, Amoo OS, Odubela OO, Osuolale KA, James AB, Oladele DA, Musa AZ, Ige FA, Okwuraiwe AP, Onwuamah CK, Shaibu JO, David AN, Audu RA, Ezechi OC, Odunukwe NN, Salako BL. Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Seen at a Testing Centre in Lagos Nigeria. West Afr J Med 2021; 38:54-58. [PMID: 33463708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 infection continues to ravage the global community since it was declared a pandemic. The socio-demographic and clinical characteristics defining the disease are mainly from Europe and Asia. The disease symptomatology is similar to the prevalent diseases in our environment, this could result in the delay in prompt identification and appropriate management of suspected cases toward combating community transmission. This study evaluates the prevalence, socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of positive cases of COVID -19. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study. Data on the socio-demographic, clinical characteristics and the results of the SARS-CoV-2 test of participants at the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research [NIMR] Modified Drive-through Centre for COVID-19 test sample collection over two months [24th February 2020- 27th April 2020] were retrieved from the electronic medical records (EMR). Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. RESULTS A total number of 481 clients were evaluated in this review. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the population was 14.6%. The mean age of the positive cases was 42.2 [±15.9] years. The common symptoms reported by the positive cases were fever (40.0%), cough (32.9%), sore throat (17.1%) and running nose (15.7%). Fever depicted statistical significance with positive cases with the majority being of mild to moderate clinical severity. CONCLUSION The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among this cohort was 14.6% with a male preponderance. Fever and sore throat were the variables that predicted SARS CoV-2 infection among our cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Salako
- Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - O S Amoo
- Centre for Human Virology and Genomics, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - O O Odubela
- Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - K A Osuolale
- Monitoring and Evaluation Unit, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - A B James
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - D A Oladele
- Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - A Z Musa
- Monitoring and Evaluation Unit, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - F A Ige
- Centre for Human Virology and Genomics, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - A P Okwuraiwe
- Centre for Human Virology and Genomics, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - C K Onwuamah
- Centre for Human Virology and Genomics, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - J O Shaibu
- Centre for Human Virology and Genomics, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - A N David
- Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - R A Audu
- Centre for Human Virology and Genomics, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - O C Ezechi
- Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - N N Odunukwe
- Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - B L Salako
- Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria and College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Ezechi OC, Gab-Okafor CV, Oladele DA, Kalejaiye OO, Oke BO, Ohwodo HO, Adu RA, Ekama SO, Musa Z, Onwujekwe DI, David AN, Ujah IAO. Pregnancy, obstetric and neonatal outcomes in HIV positive Nigerian women. Afr J Reprod Health 2013; 17:160-168. [PMID: 24069778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
While the effect of HIV infection on some maternal outcomes is well established, for some others there is conflicting information on possible association with HIV. In this study we investigated pregnancy and neonatal outcome of HIV positive women in large HIV treatment centre over a period of 84 months. They were managed according to the Nigerian PMTCT protocol. Adverse obstetric and neonatal outcome were observed in 48.3% HIV positives compared 30.3% to the negatives (OR: 2.08; CI: 1.84-2.34). Low birth weight ( OR:2.95; CI:1.95-3.1), preterm delivery (OR:2.05; CI:1.3-3.1), perinatal death (OR:1.9;CI:1.3-3.2), and spontaneous abortion (OR:1.37; CI:1.1-2.3) were factors found to be independently associated with HIV. Low CD4 count (OR: 2.45; CI: 1.34- 4.56) and opportunistic infections (OR: 2.11; CI: 1.56-3.45) were to be associated with adverse obstetric and neonatal outcome. This study confirms the association of HIV, severe immunosuppression and opportunistic infection and adverse obstetric and neonatal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- O C Ezechi
- Clinical Sciences, Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos Nigeria.
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Ezechi OC, Kalejaiye OO, Gab-Okafor CV, Oladele DA, Oke B, Ekama SO, Odunukwe NN, Ujah IAO. The burden of anaemia and associated factors in HIV positive Nigerian women. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2012; 287:239-44. [PMID: 23011732 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-012-2573-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaemia is the most common complication of pregnancy and a predictor of poor maternal and foetal outcomes. HIV infection is now recognized as one of the major contributors to anaemia in pregnancy. It is therefore important to determine the burden and risk factors of anaemia in maternal HIV infection in others to plan effective prevention strategies as well as optimize management outcomes. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and risk factors of anaemia in pregnant HIV positive Nigerians. METHODS The prevalence and possible risk factors of anaemia were investigated in HIV positive pregnant Nigerian women at a large HIV treatment clinic in southwestern Nigeria using a cross-sectional design between January 2006 and December 2011. RESULTS Nine hundred and eighty-five (42.5 %) women of 2,318 HIV positive pregnant women seen during the period were anaemic by WHO standard defined by haemoglobin <11 g/dl. Majority were of mild to moderate severity (97.9 %). Short inter birth interval (p = 0.002), presence of opportunistic infections (OIs), (p = 0.001), use of zidovudine containing regimen (p = 0.0005) and CD4 cell count <200 cells/mm(3) (p = 0.001) were found to be independently associated with anaemia in HIV positive pregnant women after controlling for confounding variables. CONCLUSION Anaemia was found to be high at 42.5 % among the HIV positive women studied and was found to be independently associated with short inter birth interval, presence of OIs, advanced HIV disease and use of zidovudine containing HAART regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- O C Ezechi
- Clinical Sciences Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 488, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria.
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