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Omame A, Han Q, Iyaniwura SA, Ebenezer A, Bragazzi NL, Wang X, Kong JD, Woldegerima WA. Understanding the impact of HIV on mpox transmission in the MSM population: A mathematical modeling study. Infect Dis Model 2024; 9:1117-1137. [PMID: 39022298 PMCID: PMC11253271 DOI: 10.1016/j.idm.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent mpox outbreak (in 2022-2023) has different clinical and epidemiological features compared with previous outbreaks of the disease. During this outbreak, sexual contact was believed to be the primary transmission route of the disease. In addition, the community of men having sex with men (MSM) was disproportionately affected by the outbreak. This population is also disproportionately affected by HIV infection. Given that both diseases can be transmitted sexually, the endemicity of HIV, and the high sexual behavior associated with the MSM community, it is essential to understand the effect of the two diseases spreading simultaneously in an MSM population. Particularly, we aim to understand the potential effects of HIV on an mpox outbreak in the MSM population. We develop a mechanistic mathematical model of HIV and mpox co-infection. Our model incorporates the dynamics of both diseases and considers HIV treatment with anti-retroviral therapy (ART). In addition, we consider a potential scenario where HIV infection increases susceptibility to mpox, and investigate the potential impact of this mechanism on mpox dynamics. Our analysis shows that HIV can facilitate the spread of mpox in an MSM population, and that HIV treatment with ART may not be sufficient to control the spread of mpox in the population. However, we showed that a moderate use of condoms or reduction in sexual contact in the population combined with ART is beneficial in controlling mpox transmission. Based on our analysis, it is evident that effective control of HIV, specifically through substantial ART use, moderate condom compliance, and reduction in sexual contact, is imperative for curtailing the transmission of mpox in an MSM population and mitigating the compounding impact of these intertwined epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Omame
- Abdus Salam School of Mathematical Sciences, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Mathematics, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
| | - Qing Han
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Africa-Canada Artificial Intelligence and Data Innovation Consortium (ACADIC), Canada
- Global South Artificial Intelligence for Pandemic and Epidemic Preparedness and Response Network (AI4PEP), Canada
| | - Sarafa A. Iyaniwura
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Adeniyi Ebenezer
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Africa-Canada Artificial Intelligence and Data Innovation Consortium (ACADIC), Canada
- Global South Artificial Intelligence for Pandemic and Epidemic Preparedness and Response Network (AI4PEP), Canada
| | - Nicola L. Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Postgraduate School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, 16126, Genoa, Italy
- United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Health Anthropology Biosphere and Healing Systems, University of Genoa, 16126, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Mathematics, Trent University Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jude D. Kong
- Africa-Canada Artificial Intelligence and Data Innovation Consortium (ACADIC), Canada
- Artificial Intelligence & Mathematical Modeling Lab (AIMM Lab), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St Room 500, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
- Department of Mathematics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Global South Artificial Intelligence for Pandemic and Epidemic Preparedness and Response Network (AI4PEP), Canada
| | - Woldegebriel A. Woldegerima
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Africa-Canada Artificial Intelligence and Data Innovation Consortium (ACADIC), Canada
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Ren ZC, Luo J, Zhu YL. AIDS complicated by monkeypox infection: A case report. Asian J Surg 2024; 47:3326-3327. [PMID: 38604840 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2024.03.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zuo-Cheng Ren
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Ya-Li Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
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Yang Y, Niu S, Shen C, Yang L, Song S, Peng Y, Xu Y, Guo L, Shen L, Liao Z, Liu J, Zhang S, Cui Y, Chen J, Chen S, Huang T, Wang F, Lu H, Liu Y. Longitudinal viral shedding and antibody response characteristics of men with acute infection of monkeypox virus: a prospective cohort study. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4488. [PMID: 38802350 PMCID: PMC11130326 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48754-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding of infection dynamics is important for public health measures against monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection. Herein, samples from multiple body sites and environmental fomites of 77 acute MPXV infections (HIV co-infection: N = 42) were collected every two to three days and used for detection of MPXV DNA, surface protein specific antibodies and neutralizing titers. Skin lesions show 100% positivity rate of MPXV DNA, followed by rectum (88.16%), saliva (83.78%) and oropharynx (78.95%). Positivity rate of oropharynx decreases rapidly after 7 days post symptom onset (d.p.o), while the rectum and saliva maintain a positivity rate similar to skin lesions. Viral dynamics are similar among skin lesions, saliva and oropharynx, with a peak at about 6 d.p.o. In contrast, viral levels in the rectum peak at the beginning of symptom onset and decrease rapidly thereafter. 52.66% of environmental fomite swabs are positive for MPXV DNA, with highest positivity rate (69.89%) from air-conditioning air outlets. High seropositivity against A29L (100%) and H3L (94.74%) are detected, while a correlation between IgG endpoint titers and neutralizing titers is only found for A29L. Most indexes are similar between HIV and Non-HIV participants, while HIV and rectitis are associated with higher viral loads in rectum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious diseases, Shenzhen, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Shiyu Niu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious diseases, Shenzhen, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenguang Shen
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuo Song
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun Peng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liping Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Shen
- Department of Central Laboratory, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Zhonghui Liao
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Jiexiang Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shengjie Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanxin Cui
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Jiayin Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen, China
| | - Si Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuxiang Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious diseases, Shenzhen, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious diseases, Shenzhen, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yingxia Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious diseases, Shenzhen, China.
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Nakamura H, Yamamoto K. Mpox in people with HIV: A narrative review. HIV Med 2024. [PMID: 38745559 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The 2022 global mpox outbreak disproportionately impacted people living with HIV. This review explores recent evidence on mpox in this group, focusing on clinical presentation, complications, treatment modalities and vaccine strategies. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have suggested that people with HIV diagnosed with mpox have a greater risk of proctitis and hospitalization compared with people without HIV. In addition, those with advanced immunosuppression face an elevated risk of severe mpox infection, which can lead to mortality. Comprehensive and prompt supportive care using antiretrovirals and mpox antivirals is crucial in this group. Although results from randomized clinical trials are still forthcoming, recent studies suggest that early initiation of tecovirimat can prevent disease progression in people with HIV. The non-replicative attenuated smallpox vaccine is well tolerated and effective in preventing monkeypox virus infections in people with HIV. Further studies are needed regarding long-term vaccine effectiveness for this population. CONCLUSION Evaluating the risk of severe mpox in people living with HIV requires assessing the level of immune suppression and viral control. Universal access to vaccination is imperative to prevent the resurgence of future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideta Nakamura
- First Department of International Medicine, Division of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, University of the Ryukyus Graduate School of Medicine, Nishihara-cho, Japan
| | - Kazuko Yamamoto
- First Department of International Medicine, Division of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, University of the Ryukyus Graduate School of Medicine, Nishihara-cho, Japan
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Acharya A, Kumar N, Singh K, Byrareddy SN. "Mpox in MSM: Tackling Stigma, Minimizing Risk Factors, Exploring Pathogenesis, and Treatment Approaches". Biomed J 2024:100746. [PMID: 38734408 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2024.100746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mpox is a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPV), primarily found in Central and West African countries. The typical presentation of the disease before the 2022 mpox outbreak includes a febrile prodrome 5-13 days post-exposure, accompanied by lymphadenopathy, malaise, headache, and muscle aches. Unexpectedly, during the 2022 outbreak, several cases of atypical presentations of the disease were reported, such as the absence of prodromal symptoms and the presence of genital skin lesions suggestive of sexual transmission. As per the World Health Organization (WHO), as of March 20, 2024, 94,707 cases of mpox were reported worldwide, resulting in 181 deaths (22 in African endemic regions and 159 in non-endemic countries). The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports a total of 32,063 cases (33.85% of total cases globally), with 58 deaths (32.04% of global deaths) due to mpox. Person-to-person transmission of mpox can occur through respiratory droplets and sustained close contact. However, during the 2022 outbreak of mpox, a high incidence of anal and perianal lesions among MSMs indicated sexual transmission of MPV as a major route of transmission. Since MSMs are disproportionately at risk for HIV transmission, this review discusses the risk factors, transmission patterns, pathogenesis, vaccine, and treatment options for mpox among MSM and people living with HIV (PLWH). Furthermore, we provide a brief perspective on the evolution of the MPV in immunocompromised people like PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Narendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kamal Singh
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Siddappa N Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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da Silva GB, de Carvalho Braga G, Simões JLB, Kempka AP, Bagatini MD. Cytokine storm in human monkeypox: A possible involvement of purinergic signaling. Cytokine 2024; 177:156560. [PMID: 38447385 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Some evidence has indicated that monkeypox can induce a cytokine storm. Purinergic signaling is a cell pathway related to the cytokine storm. However, the precise mechanisms that lead to cytokine storms in monkeypox infections and the possible involvement of purinergic signaling in the immune response to this virus remain unknown. In this review article, we aimed to highlight a body of scientific evidence that consolidates the role of the cytokine storm in monkeypox infection and proposes a new hypothesis regarding the roles of purinergic signaling in this immune-mediated mechanism. We further suggested some purinergic signaling modulators to mitigate the deleterious and aggravating effects of immune dysregulation in human monkeypox virus infection by inhibiting P2X3, P2X7, P2Y2, and P2Y12, reducing inflammation, and activating A1 and A2A receptors to promote an anti-inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilnei Bruno da Silva
- Multicentric Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, SC, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Aniela Pinto Kempka
- Multicentric Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Margarete Dulce Bagatini
- Multicentric Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, SC, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
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7
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Mariotti S, Venturi G, Chiantore MV, Teloni R, De Santis R, Amendola A, Fortuna C, Marsili G, Grilli G, Lia MS, Kiros ST, Lagi F, Bartoloni A, Iacobino A, Cresta R, Lastilla M, Biselli R, Di Bonito P, Lista F, Nisini R. Antibodies Induced by Smallpox Vaccination after at Least 45 Years Cross-React with and In Vitro Neutralize Mpox Virus: A Role for Polyclonal B Cell Activation? Viruses 2024; 16:620. [PMID: 38675961 PMCID: PMC11054675 DOI: 10.3390/v16040620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate whether antibodies specific for the vaccinia virus (VV) are still detectable after at least 45 years from immunization. To confirm that VV-specific antibodies are endowed with the capacity to neutralize Mpox virus (MPXV) in vitro. To test a possible role of polyclonal non-specific activation in the maintenance of immunologic memory. METHODS Sera were collected from the following groups: smallpox-vaccinated individuals with or without latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), unvaccinated donors, and convalescent individuals after MPXV infection. Supernatant of VV- or MPXV-infected Vero cells were inactivated and used as antigens in ELISA or in Western blot (WB) analyses. An MPXV plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) was optimized and performed on study samples. VV- and PPD-specific memory T cells were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS None of the smallpox unvaccinated donors tested positive in ELISA or WB analysis and their sera were unable to neutralize MPXV in vitro. Sera from all the individuals convalescing from an MPXV infection tested positive for anti-VV or MPXV IgG with high titers and showed MPXV in vitro neutralization capacity. Sera from most of the vaccinated individuals showed IgG anti-VV and anti-MPXV at high titers. WB analyses showed that positive sera from vaccinated or convalescent individuals recognized both VV and MPXV antigens. Higher VV-specific IgG titer and specific T cells were observed in LTBI individuals. CONCLUSIONS ELISA and WB performed using supernatant of VV- or MPXV-infected cells are suitable to identify individuals vaccinated against smallpox at more than 45 years from immunization and individuals convalescing from a recent MPXV infection. ELISA and WB results show a good correlation with PRNT. Data confirm that a smallpox vaccination induces a long-lasting memory in terms of specific IgG and that antibodies raised against VV may neutralize MPXV in vitro. Finally, higher titers of VV-specific antibodies and higher frequency of VV-specific memory T cells in LTBI individuals suggest a role of polyclonal non-specific activation in the maintenance of immunologic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Mariotti
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (S.M.); (G.V.); (M.V.C.); (R.T.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (G.M.); (A.I.); (P.D.B.)
| | - Giulietta Venturi
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (S.M.); (G.V.); (M.V.C.); (R.T.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (G.M.); (A.I.); (P.D.B.)
| | - Maria Vincenza Chiantore
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (S.M.); (G.V.); (M.V.C.); (R.T.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (G.M.); (A.I.); (P.D.B.)
| | - Raffaela Teloni
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (S.M.); (G.V.); (M.V.C.); (R.T.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (G.M.); (A.I.); (P.D.B.)
| | - Riccardo De Santis
- Defense Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 00184 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (G.G.); (M.S.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Antonello Amendola
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (S.M.); (G.V.); (M.V.C.); (R.T.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (G.M.); (A.I.); (P.D.B.)
| | - Claudia Fortuna
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (S.M.); (G.V.); (M.V.C.); (R.T.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (G.M.); (A.I.); (P.D.B.)
| | - Giulia Marsili
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (S.M.); (G.V.); (M.V.C.); (R.T.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (G.M.); (A.I.); (P.D.B.)
| | - Giorgia Grilli
- Defense Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 00184 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (G.G.); (M.S.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Maria Stella Lia
- Defense Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 00184 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (G.G.); (M.S.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Seble Tekle Kiros
- University Hospital Careggi, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (S.T.K.); (F.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Filippo Lagi
- University Hospital Careggi, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (S.T.K.); (F.L.); (A.B.)
| | | | - Angelo Iacobino
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (S.M.); (G.V.); (M.V.C.); (R.T.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (G.M.); (A.I.); (P.D.B.)
| | - Raffaele Cresta
- Aeronautica Militare, Comando Logistico, Servizio Sanitario, 00185 Roma, Italy; (R.C.); (M.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Marco Lastilla
- Aeronautica Militare, Comando Logistico, Servizio Sanitario, 00185 Roma, Italy; (R.C.); (M.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Roberto Biselli
- Aeronautica Militare, Comando Logistico, Servizio Sanitario, 00185 Roma, Italy; (R.C.); (M.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Paola Di Bonito
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (S.M.); (G.V.); (M.V.C.); (R.T.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (G.M.); (A.I.); (P.D.B.)
| | - Florigio Lista
- Defense Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 00184 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (G.G.); (M.S.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Roberto Nisini
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (S.M.); (G.V.); (M.V.C.); (R.T.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (G.M.); (A.I.); (P.D.B.)
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8
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Ritter JM, Martines RB, Bhatnagar J, Rao AK, Villalba JA, Silva-Flannery L, Lee E, Bullock HA, Hutson CL, Cederroth T, Harris CK, Hord K, Xu Y, Brown CA, Guccione JP, Miller M, Paddock CD, Reagan-Steiner S. Pathology and Monkeypox virus Localization in Tissues From Immunocompromised Patients With Severe or Fatal Mpox. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:S219-S228. [PMID: 38243606 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathology and Monkeypox virus (MPXV) tissue tropism in severe and fatal human mpox is not thoroughly described but can help elucidate the disease pathogenesis and the role of coinfections in immunocompromised patients. METHODS We analyzed biopsy and autopsy tissues from 22 patients with severe or fatal outcomes to characterize pathology and viral antigen and DNA distribution in tissues by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Tissue-based testing for coinfections was also performed. RESULTS Mucocutaneous lesions showed necrotizing and proliferative epithelial changes. Deceased patients with autopsy tissues evaluated had digestive tract lesions, and half had systemic tissue necrosis with thrombotic vasculopathy in lymphoid tissues, lung, or other solid organs. Half also had bronchopneumonia, and one-third had acute lung injury. All cases had MPXV antigen and DNA detected in tissues. Coinfections were identified in 5 of 16 (31%) biopsy and 4 of 6 (67%) autopsy cases. CONCLUSIONS Severe mpox in immunocompromised patients is characterized by extensive viral infection of tissues and viremic dissemination that can progress despite available therapeutics. Digestive tract and lung involvement are common and associated with prominent histopathological and clinical manifestations. Coinfections may complicate mpox diagnosis and treatment. Significant viral DNA (likely correlating to infectious virus) in tissues necessitates enhanced biosafety measures in healthcare and autopsy settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Agam K Rao
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Lee
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | | | - Christina L Hutson
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Kristin Hord
- Office of Chief Medical Examiner, New York City, New York
| | - Ya Xu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ben Taub Hospital, Harris Health System, Houston, Texas
| | - Cameron A Brown
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ben Taub Hospital, Harris Health System, Houston, Texas
| | - Jack P Guccione
- Department of Medical Examiner-Coroner, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California
| | - Matthew Miller
- Department of Medical Examiner-Coroner, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christopher D Paddock
- Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic and Emerging Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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9
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McLean J, Gunaratne S, Zucker J. Update on Mpox: What the Primary Care Clinician Should Know. Med Clin North Am 2024; 108:355-371. [PMID: 38331485 PMCID: PMC10853636 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Mpox is a viral infection, which primarily caused sporadic outbreaks in West and Central Africa until causing a global epidemic in 2022. The disease has disproportionately affected people with human immunodeficiency virus and men who have sex with men. Transmission is through close physical contact, including sexual contact. Infection presents with a characteristic rash, with frequent anogenital involvement-polymerase chain reaction of skin lesions is diagnostic. Vaccination is available for primary prevention and postexposure prophylaxis. Treatment consists of supportive care, with antiviral medications available via clinical trials and/or for patients with severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob McLean
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, Suite 876, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Shauna Gunaratne
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, Suite 876, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jason Zucker
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, Suite 876, New York, NY 10032, USA
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10
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Thai QM, Phung HTT, Pham NQA, Horng JT, Tran PT, Tung NT, Ngo ST. Natural compounds inhibit Monkeypox virus methyltransferase VP39 in silico studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38419271 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2321509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
VP39, an essential 2'-O-RNA methyltransferase enzyme discovered in Monkeypox virus (MPXV), plays a vital role in viral RNA replication and transcription. Inhibition of the enzyme may prevent viral replication. In this context, using a combination of molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MDs) simulations, the inhibitory ability of NCI Diversity Set VII natural compounds to VP39 protein was investigated. It should be noted that the computed binding free energy of ligand via molecular docking and linear interaction energy (LIE) approaches are in good agreement with the corresponding experiments with coefficients of R = 0.72 and 0.75, respectively. NSC 319990, NSC 196515 and NSC 376254 compounds were demonstrated that can inhibit MPVX methyltransferase VP39 protein with the similar affinity compared to available inhibitor sinefungin. Moreover, nine residues involving Gln39, Gly68, Gly72, Asp95, Arg97, Val116, Asp138, Arg140 and Asn156 may be argued that they play an important role in binding process of inhibitors to VP39.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh Mai Thai
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute for Advanced Study in Technology, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Huong T T Phung
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Quynh Anh Pham
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, ROC
| | - Jim-Tong Horng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, ROC
| | - Phuong-Thao Tran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thanh Tung
- Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Son Tung Ngo
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute for Advanced Study in Technology, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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11
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Ahamed MA, Khalid MAU, Dong M, Politza AJ, Zhang Z, Kshirsagar A, Liu T, Guan W. Sensitive and specific CRISPR-Cas12a assisted nanopore with RPA for Monkeypox detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 246:115866. [PMID: 38029710 PMCID: PMC10842690 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) poses a global health emergency, necessitating rapid, simple, and accurate detection to manage its spread effectively. The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) technique has emerged as a promising next-generation molecular diagnostic approach. Here, we developed a highly sensitive and specific CRISPR-Cas12a assisted nanopore (SCAN) with isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) for MPXV detection. The RPA-SCAN method offers a sensitivity unachievable with unamplified SCAN while also addressing the obstacles of PCR-SCAN for point-of-care applications. We demonstrated that size-counting of single molecules enables analysis of reaction-time dependent distribution of the cleaved reporter. Our MPXV-specific RPA assay achieved a limit of detection (LoD) of 19 copies in a 50 μL reaction system. By integrating 2 μL of RPA amplifications into a 20 μL CRISPR reaction, we attained an overall LoD of 16 copies/μL (26.56 aM) of MPXV at a 95% confidence level using the SCAN sensor. We also verified the specificity of RPA-SCAN in distinguishing MPXV from cowpox virus with 100% accuracy. These findings suggest that the isothermal RPA-SCAN device is well-suited for highly sensitive and specific Monkeypox detection. Given its electronic nature and miniaturization potential, the RPA-SCAN system paves the way for diagnosing a wide array of other infectious pathogens at the point of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ahasan Ahamed
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA
| | | | - Ming Dong
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA
| | - Anthony J Politza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA
| | - Zhikun Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA
| | - Aneesh Kshirsagar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA
| | - Weihua Guan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA.
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12
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Ejaz M, Jabeen M, Sharif M, Syed MA, Shah PT, Faryal R. Human monkeypox: An updated appraisal on epidemiology, evolution, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment strategies. J Basic Microbiol 2024; 64:e2300455. [PMID: 37867205 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Monkeypox (Mpox) is a zoonotic viral disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus. The recent occurrence of Mpox infections has become a significant global issue in recent months. Despite being an old disease with a low mortality rate, the ongoing multicountry outbreak is atypical due to its occurrence in nonendemic countries. The current review encompasses a comprehensive analysis of the literature pertaining to MPXV, with the aim of consolidating the existing data on the virus's epidemiological, biological, and clinical characteristics, as well as vaccination and treatment regimens against the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ejaz
- Department of Microbiology, Government Postgraduate College Mandian, Abbottabad, Pakistan
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Momina Jabeen
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mehmoona Sharif
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Syed
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Pir T Shah
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Rani Faryal
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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13
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Maan I, Kohli M, Gilson R. Mpox in people living with HIV. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2024; 37:1-7. [PMID: 38112084 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The 2022 global outbreak of mpox disproportionally affected people with HIV (PWH). We review the data on the presentation, treatment, and prevention of mpox in PWH. RECENT FINDINGS Most PWH with mpox had a mild and self-limiting illness, no different to people without HIV. A higher rate of rectal symptoms has been reported among PWH and those with advanced HIV disease were at higher risk of severe disease, hospitalization, and death. Treatment with antivirals was widely used in hospitalized patients without any randomized control trial data to support its use and without any data specifically in PWH. Use of smallpox vaccines to prevent mpox is safe in PWH regardless of CD4+ cell count. There is limited data on efficacy in those with lower CD4+ cell count and on long-term protective efficacy. SUMMARY PWH should be offered vaccination against mpox in line with national guidelines. PWH should be individually risk-assessed for severe mpox, based on their CD4+ cell count and co-morbidities and ideally recruited into treatment trials to build an evidence base on efficacy. HIV and other sexually transmitted infection testing should be offered to all people diagnosed with mpox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfaan Maan
- Institute for Global Health, University College London
- Mortimer Market Centre, Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Manik Kohli
- Institute for Global Health, University College London
- Mortimer Market Centre, Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Richard Gilson
- Institute for Global Health, University College London
- Mortimer Market Centre, Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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14
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Jin Y, Asad Gillani SJ, Batool F, Alshabrmi FM, Alatawi EA, Waheed Y, Mohammad A, Khan A, Wei DQ. Structural and molecular investigation of the impact of S30L and D88N substitutions in G9R protein on coupling with E4R from Monkeypox virus (MPXV). J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38174700 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2291159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the pathogenesis mechanism of the Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is essential to guide therapeutic development against the Monkeypox virus. In the current study, we investigated the impact of the only two reported substitutions, S30L, D88N, and S30L-D88N on the G9R of the replication complex in 2022 with E4R using structural modeling, simulation, and free energy calculation methods. From the molecular docking and dissociation constant (KD) results, it was observed that the binding affinity did not increase in the mutants, but the interaction paradigm was altered by these substitutions. Molecular simulation data revealed that these mutations are responsible for destabilization, changes in protein packing, and internal residue fluctuations, which can cause functional variance. Additionally, hydrogen bonding analysis revealed that the estimated number of hydrogen bonds are almost equal among the wild-type G9R and each mutant. The total binding free energy for the wild-type G9R with E4R was -85.00 kcal/mol while for the mutants the TBE was -42.75 kcal/mol, -43.68 kcal/mol, and -48.65 kcal/mol respectively. This shows that there is no direct impact of these two reported mutations on the binding with E4R, or it may affect the whole replication complex or any other mechanism involved in pathogenesis. To explore these variations further, we conducted PCA and FEL analyses. Based on our findings, we speculate that within the context of interaction with E4R, the mutations in the G9R protein might be benign, potentially leading to functional diversity associated with other proteins.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Jin
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | | | - Farah Batool
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fahad M Alshabrmi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eid A Alatawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir Waheed
- Office of Research, Innovation, and Commercialization (ORIC), Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University (SZABMU), Islamabad, Pakistan
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Anwar Mohammad
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Abbas Khan
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Zhongjing Research and Industrialization Institute of Chinese Medicine, Zhongguancun Scientific Park, Nanyang, China
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
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15
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He Y, Tang Y, Wang C, Zhou Z, Li W, Tian M. The Global Health Threat of Monkeypox Virus: Understanding Its Biology, Transmission, and Potential Therapeutic Interventions. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:7759-7766. [PMID: 38146310 PMCID: PMC10749784 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s438725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Monkeypox virus (MPXV), a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus, shares its genus with Variola virus (VARV), the causative agent of smallpox, and Vaccinia virus (VACV), used for smallpox vaccination. While smallpox has been eradicated, MPXV and related poxviruses continue to pose a global health threat. Monkeypox (Mpox), similar in clinical presentation to smallpox but milder, is endemic in Central and West Africa. Sporadic outbreaks emphasize the potential for wider dissemination. Understanding their biology, transmission, immune evasion, and clinical features informs disease control strategies. The intersection of medical innovation and biotechnology with poxviruses underscores their importance in both disease and scientific advancement. Further research is essential to enhance prevention, management, and therapeutic interventions for these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- Department of Infection Management, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostic, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caiyun Wang
- Department of Respiratory, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zilie Zhou
- Department of Respiratory, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Clinical Research, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Man Tian
- Department of Respiratory, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Lv X, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Sun X, Jiang H, Zhang S, Sun X, Qiu X, Li Y. Label-free detection of virus based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 302:123087. [PMID: 37406546 PMCID: PMC10300235 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to the background interference from biological samples, detecting viruses using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in clinical samples is challenging. This study is based on SERS by reducing sodium borohydride and aggregating silver nanoparticles to develop suitable virus detection "hot spot." The monkeypox virus and human papillomavirus fingerprints were quickly obtained, tested, and identified in serum and artificial vaginal discharge, respectively, by combining the principal component analysis method. Therefore, these viruses were successfully identified in the biological background. In addition, the lowest detection limit was 100 copies/mL showing good reproducibility and signal-to-noise ratio. The concentration-dependent curve of the monkeypox virus had a good linear relationship. This method helps solve the SERS signal interference problem in complex biological samples, with low detection limits and high selectivity in virus characterization and quantitative analysis. Therefore, this method has a reasonable prospect of clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Lv
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xiaomeng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Heng Jiang
- College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road No. 157, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, China
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xianqi Sun
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xiaohong Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Yang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; Genomics Research Center (Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
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17
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Decousser JW, Romano-Bertrand S, Aho Glele LS, Baron R, Carre Y, Cassier P, Dananche C, Depaix-Champagnac F, Fournier S, Racaud J, Rogues AM, Tamames C, Keita-Perse O, Parneix P, Lavigne T. Healthcare worker protection against mpox contamination: position paper of the French Society for Hospital Hygiene. J Hosp Infect 2023; 140:156-164. [PMID: 37562588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
In the context of the recent re-emergence of mpox worldwide, the French Society for Hospital Hygiene (SF2H) performed a literature review of the transmission paths and proposed specific recommendations for healthcare workers (HCWs) caring for patients with suspected or confirmed MPXV. In developed countries, the risk of contamination among HCWs in healthcare facilities seemed to be very low, limited to contamination through needle stick injuries. Two additional contamination cases were reported and not fully explained. Beyond healthcare settings, the analysis of the literature highlighted (i) a main contamination route during sexual intercourse, mainly among men who have sex with men, and (ii) a very low secondary attack rate in other contexts, such as schools or jails. Numerous studies have reported molecular or virus identification on surfaces or in the air surrounding patients, without any association with the low secondary case incidence; moreover, the minimum infectious dose through air or mucosal exposure is still unknown. Owing to the lack of evidence of MPXV respiratory transmission in the healthcare setting, the SF2H recommends the implementation of standard and contact precautions combined with medical/surgical mask use. Owing to the lack of evidence of transcutaneous contamination, the SF2H recommends the use of gloves only if contact with cutaneous lesions or mucous membranes occurs. Regarding the risk of contamination from the environment in healthcare facilities, additional studies must be conducted to investigate this.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-W Decousser
- Equipe Opérationnelle d'Hygiène, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri-Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, UR DYNAMYC 7380, Faculté de Santé, Univ Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Enva, USC ANSES, Créteil, France.
| | - S Romano-Bertrand
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier University, Hospital Hygiene and Infection Control Department, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - L S Aho Glele
- Epidémiologie et hygiène hospitalière, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Dijon, hôpital d'enfants, Dijon, France
| | - R Baron
- Service Hygiène Hospitalière, Pôle Recherche et Santè Publique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Y Carre
- CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Santé Publique, Infection Control Unit, Bordeaux, France
| | - P Cassier
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - C Dananche
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Service Hygiène, épidémiologie, infectiovigilance et prévention Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - S Fournier
- Service Prévention du risque infectieux, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - J Racaud
- Service de lutte des infections nosocomiales, Centre Hospitalier Alpes-Leman, Contamine-sur-Arve, France
| | - A-M Rogues
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team Pharmacoepidemiology, UMR 1219, CHU Bordeaux, Hygiene Hospitalière, Bordeaux, France
| | - C Tamames
- Service de Prévention et contrôle de l'infection, site Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - O Keita-Perse
- Service d'Epidémiologie et d'Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Princesse Grace, Monaco
| | - P Parneix
- Nouvelle Aquitaine Healthcare-Associated Infection Control Centre, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - T Lavigne
- Service d'Hygiène Hospitalière, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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18
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Alandijany TA, El-Daly MM, Tolah AM, Bajrai LH, Khateb AM, Kumar GS, Dubey A, Dwivedi VD, Azhar EI. A multi-targeted computational drug discovery approach for repurposing tetracyclines against monkeypox virus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14570. [PMID: 37666979 PMCID: PMC10477205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41820-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Monkeypox viral infection is an emerging threat and a major concern for the human population. The lack of drug molecules to treat this disease may worsen the problem. Identifying potential drug targets can significantly improve the process of developing potent drug molecules for treating monkeypox. The proteins responsible for viral replication are attractive drug targets. Identifying potential inhibitors from known drug molecules that target these proteins can be key to finding a cure for monkeypox. In this work, two viral proteins, DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (DdRp) and viral core cysteine proteinase, were considered as potential drug targets. Sixteen antibiotic drugs from the tetracycline class were screened against both viral proteins through high-throughput virtual screening. These tetracycline class of antibiotic drugs have the ability to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis, which makes these antibiotics drugs a prominent candidate for drug repurposing. Based on the screening result obtained against DdRp, top two compounds, namely Tigecycline and Eravacycline with docking scores of - 8.88 and - 7.87 kcal/mol, respectively, were selected for further analysis. Omadacycline and minocycline, with docking scores of - 10.60 and - 7.51 kcal/mol, are the top two compounds obtained after screening proteinase with the drug library. These compounds, along with reference compounds GTP for DdRp and tecovirimat for proteinase, were used to form protein-ligand complexes, followed by their evaluation through a 300 ns molecular dynamic simulation. The MM/GBSA binding free energy calculation and principal components analysis of these selected complexes were also conducted for understanding the dynamic stability and binding affinity of these compounds with respective target proteins. Overall, this study demonstrates the repurposing of tetracycline-derived drugs as a therapeutic solution for monkeypox viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamir A Alandijany
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, 21362, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, 21362, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai M El-Daly
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, 21362, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, 21362, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Tolah
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, 21362, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena H Bajrai
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, 21362, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aiah M Khateb
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, 21362, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, 42353, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Geethu S Kumar
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Dubey
- Computational Chemistry and Drug Discovery Division, Quanta Calculus, Greater Noida, India
| | - Vivek Dhar Dwivedi
- Bioinformatics Research Division, Quanta Calculus, Greater Noida, India.
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
| | - Esam I Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, 21362, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, 21362, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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19
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Saldana CS, Kelley CF, Aldred BM, Cantos VD. Mpox and HIV: a Narrative Review. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2023; 20:261-269. [PMID: 37178205 PMCID: PMC10182557 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-023-00661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We reviewed the available literature on mpox in People with HIV (PWH). We highlight special considerations of mpox infection related to epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic and treatment considerations, prevention, and public health messaging in PWH. RECENT FINDINGS During the 2022 mpox outbreak, PWH were disproportionally impacted worldwide. Recent reports suggest that the disease presentation, management, and prognosis of these patients, especially those with advanced HIV disease, can widely differ from those without HIV-associated immunodeficiency. Mpox can often be mild and resolve on its own in PWH with controlled viremia and higher CD4 counts. However, it can be severe, with necrotic skin lesions and protracted healing; anogenital, rectal, and other mucosal lesions; and disseminated organ systems involvement. Higher rates of healthcare utilization are seen in PWH. Supportive, symptomatic care and single or combination mpox-directed antiviral drugs are commonly used in PWH with severe mpox disease. Data from randomized clinical control trials on the efficacy of therapeutic and preventive tools against mpox among PWH are needed to better guide clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos S Saldana
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Ponce de Leon Center, 341 Ponce de Leon Ave NE, Atlanta, GA, 30308, USA.
| | - Colleen F Kelley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Ponce de Leon Center, 341 Ponce de Leon Ave NE, Atlanta, GA, 30308, USA
| | - Bruce M Aldred
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Ponce de Leon Center, 341 Ponce de Leon Ave NE, Atlanta, GA, 30308, USA
| | - Valeria D Cantos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Ponce de Leon Center, 341 Ponce de Leon Ave NE, Atlanta, GA, 30308, USA
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20
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Malick H, Youssef R, Altman K. A Case of Mistaken Identity: Varicella Zoster and Monkeypox. Cureus 2023; 15:e41775. [PMID: 37575831 PMCID: PMC10416746 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mpox, previously referred to as monkeypox, is a zoonotic virus originally endemic to West Africa which has recently garnered significant attention due to a global outbreak. It remains a challenging diagnosis due to varying clinical presentations and similarities with other infectious pathogens. While diligent monitoring of its prevalence remains crucial, clinicians should combat recency bias when forming differentials for viral illnesses with similar presentations. Here, we discuss the case of an immigrant child with self-reported vaccination history of Varicella Zoster who was diagnosed with Mpox in the emergency department but was subsequently found to have Varicella Zoster after further testing. To effectively manage outbreaks and provide optimal care, healthcare professionals should stay up to date on the latest advancements in diagnostic techniques and available interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Malick
- Medical School, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Dallas, USA
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21
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Hantz S, Mafi S, Pinet P, Deback C. [Monkeypox to Mpox or the re-emergence of an old zoonosis]. REVUE FRANCOPHONE DES LABORATOIRES : RFL 2023; 2023:25-37. [PMID: 37333061 PMCID: PMC10261911 DOI: 10.1016/s1773-035x(23)00132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease caused by the Monkeypox virus (MPXV) of the Orthopoxvirus genus. The first human cases occurred in Africa in the 1970s and remained confined to the African continent for a long time until 2003, when several dozen cases occurred in the United States, following contamination by prairie dogs. Unprecedented transmission events have led to more than 80,000 reported cases worldwide between May 2022 and February 2023, primarily affecting men who have sex with men. The changing epidemiology of Mpox has raised concerns about its ability to become endemic beyond its traditional geographic areas. Confirmatory diagnosis is based on direct detection by molecular biology. Pre- or post-exposure smallpox vaccination was widely deployed in early summer 2022 to limit the spread of the disease. In case of severe forms, the use of antivirals can be considered, only tecovirimat being recommended in this indication. The current epidemic has had the merit of showing that a disease that was previously confined to regions of initial virus circulation can spread very rapidly in Western countries and of the need to reinforce the implementation of tools for the surveillance and control of communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Hantz
- Université de Limoges, INSERM, U1092, RESINFIT, 2 rue du Docteur-Marcland, 87025 Limoges cedex, France
- CHU Limoges, service de bactériologie-virologie-hygiène, 2, avenue Martin-Luther-King, 87042 Limoges cedex, France
| | - Sarah Mafi
- Université de Limoges, INSERM, U1092, RESINFIT, 2 rue du Docteur-Marcland, 87025 Limoges cedex, France
- CHU Limoges, service de bactériologie-virologie-hygiène, 2, avenue Martin-Luther-King, 87042 Limoges cedex, France
| | - Pauline Pinet
- CHU Limoges, service de maladies infectieuses, 16 rue Bernard-Descottes, 87042 Limoges cedex, France
| | - Claire Deback
- Université de Paris-Sud, INSERM U996, Inflammation, microbiome et immunosurveillance, 17, avenue des Sciences, 91400 Orsay, France
- Hôpital Paul Brousse, service de virologie, AP-HP, 12 avenue Paul-Vaillant-Couturier, 94804 Villejuif cedex, France
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22
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Yang X, Zeng X, Chen X, Huang J, Wei X, Ying X, Tan Q, Wang Y, Li S. Development of a CRISPR/Cas12a-recombinase polymerase amplification assay for visual and highly specific identification of the Congo Basin and West African strains of mpox virus. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28757. [PMID: 37212293 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Human mpox is a zoonotic disease, similar to smallpox, caused by the mpox virus, which is further subdivided into Congo Basin and West African clades with different pathogenicity. In this study, a novel diagnostic protocol utilizing clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 12a nuclease (CRISPR/Cas12a)-mediated recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) was developed to identify mpox in the Congo Basin and West Africa (CRISPR-RPA). Specific RPA primers targeting D14L and ATI were designed. CRISPR-RPA assay was performed using various target templates. In the designed CRISPR-RPA reaction system, the exponentially amplified RPA amplification products with a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) site can locate the Cas12a/crRNA complex to its target regions, which successfully activates the CRISPR/Cas12a effector and achieves ultrafast trans-cleavage of a single-stranded DNA probe. The limit of detection for the CRISPR-RPA assay was 10 copies per reaction for D14L- and ATI-plasmids. No cross-reactivity was observed with non-mpox strains, confirming the high specificity of the CRISPR-RPA assay for distinguishing between the Congo Basin and West African mpox. The CRISPR-RPA assay can be completed within 45 min using real-time fluorescence readout. Moreover, the cleavage results were visualized under UV light or an imaging system, eliminating the need for a specialized apparatus. In summary, the developed CRISPR/RPA assay is a visual, rapid, sensitive, and highly specific detection technique that can be used as an attractive potential identification tool for Congo Basin and West African mpox in resource-limited laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinggui Yang
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Zeng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Xu Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Junfei Huang
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Wei
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Xia Ying
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Qinqin Tan
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Experimental Research Center, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shijun Li
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China
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23
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Wang J, Shahed-Ai-Mahmud M, Chen A, Li K, Tan H, Joyce R. An Overview of Antivirals against Monkeypox Virus and Other Orthopoxviruses. J Med Chem 2023; 66:4468-4490. [PMID: 36961984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
The current monkeypox outbreaks during the COVID-19 pandemic have reignited interest in orthopoxvirus antivirals. Monkeypox belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae family, which also includes the variola virus, vaccinia virus, and cowpox virus. Two orally bioavailable drugs, tecovirimat and brincidofovir, have been approved for treating smallpox infections. Given their human safety profiles and in vivo antiviral efficacy in animal models, both drugs have also been recommended to treat monkeypox infection. To facilitate the development of additional orthopoxvirus antivirals, we summarize the antiviral activity, mechanism of action, and mechanism of resistance of orthopoxvirus antivirals. This perspective covers both direct-acting and host-targeting antivirals with an emphasis on drug candidates showing in vivo antiviral efficacy in animal models. We hope to speed the orthopoxvirus antiviral drug discovery by providing medicinal chemists with insights into prioritizing proper drug targets and hits for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Md Shahed-Ai-Mahmud
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Angelo Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Kan Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Haozhou Tan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Ryan Joyce
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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24
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Khan A, Adil S, Qudsia HA, Waheed Y, Alshabrmi FM, Wei DQ. Structure-based design of promising natural products to inhibit thymidylate kinase from Monkeypox virus and validation using free energy calculations. Comput Biol Med 2023; 158:106797. [PMID: 36966556 PMCID: PMC10029349 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Monkeypox (MPXV) is a globally growing public health concern with 80,328 active cases and 53 deaths have been reported. No specific vaccine or drug is available for the treatment of MPXV. Hence, the current study also employed structure-based drug designing, molecular simulation, and free energy calculation methods to identify potential hit molecules against the TMPK of MPXV, which is a replicatory protein that helps the virus to replicate its DNA and increase the number of DNAs in the host cell. The 3D structure of TMPK was modeled with AlphaFold and screening of multiple natural products libraries (4,71,470 compounds) identified TCM26463, TCM2079, and TCM29893 from traditional Chinese medicines database (TCM), SANC00240, SANC00984, and SANC00986 South African natural compounds database (SANCDB), NPC474409, NPC278434 and NPC158847 from NPASS (natural product activity and species source database) while CNP0404204, CNP0262936, and CNP0289137 were shortlisted from coconut database (collection of open natural products) as the best hits. These compounds interact with the key active site residues through hydrogen bonds, salt bridges, and pie-pie interactions. The structural dynamics and binding free energy results further revealed that these compounds possess stable dynamics with excellent binding free energy scores. Moreover, the dissociation constant (KD) and bioactivity analysis revealed stronger activity of these compounds exhibit stronger biological activity against MPXV and may inhibit it in in vitro conditions. All the results demonstrated that the designed novel compounds possess stronger inhibitory activity than the control complex (TPD-TMPK) from the vaccinia virus. The current study is the first to design small molecule inhibitors for the replication protein of MPXV which may help in controlling the current epidemic and also overcome the challenge of vaccine evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Khan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; Zhongjing Research and Industrialization Institute of Chinese Medicine, Zhongguancun Scientific Park, Meixi, Nanyang, Henan, 473006, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, PR China
| | - Shoaib Adil
- Gujranwala Medical College, Gondlanwala Rd, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - Yasir Waheed
- Office of Research, Innovation, and Commercialization (ORIC), Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University (SZABMU), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan; Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, 1401, Lebanon
| | - Fahad M Alshabrmi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; Zhongjing Research and Industrialization Institute of Chinese Medicine, Zhongguancun Scientific Park, Meixi, Nanyang, Henan, 473006, PR China; Peng Cheng Laboratory, Vanke Cloud City Phase I Building 8, Xili Street, Nashan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, PR China.
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25
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Barboza JJ, León-Figueroa DA, Saldaña-Cumpa HM, Valladares-Garrido MJ, Moreno-Ramos E, Sah R, Bonilla-Aldana DK, Rodriguez-Morales AJ. Virus Identification for Monkeypox in Human Seminal Fluid Samples: A Systematic Review. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8030173. [PMID: 36977174 PMCID: PMC10057446 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8030173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Public health officials around the world are extremely concerned about the global outbreak of monkeypox (MPX), which has been claimed to have originated in Africa. As a result, studies into the origins and reasons behind the outbreak’s rapid spread have been sped up. The goal of the current investigation is to determine whether the monkeypox virus (MPXV) is present in seminal fluid samples from MPX cases that have been verified. Up until 6 January 2023, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and ScienceDirect databases were used to conduct a thorough evaluation of the literature. The search technique returned a total of 308 items. Fourteen studies reporting the presence of MPXV in the seminal fluid of MPX-confirmed cases were included after the duplicates (n = 158) and searches by title, abstract, and full text were eliminated. In 84 out of the 643 confirmed MPX cases (13.06% or n = 643), MPXV was discovered in seminal fluid. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to identify MPXV, and samples taken from skin lesions (96.27%), pharynx or oropharynx (30.48%), and blood all had higher positivity rates than other samples (12.44%). Additionally, 99.85% of respondents were male with a mean age of 36, 98.45% engaged in MSM (men who have sex with men) sexual conduct, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) accounted for 56.9% of all STD cases. This study offers proof that MPXV can be found in the seminal fluid of MPX sufferers. Our data imply that MPXV transmission is a possibility in these samples and that MSM are more vulnerable to it. The creation of hygienic standards is essential for the early identification of MPX cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshuan J. Barboza
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Trujillo 13007, Peru
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +51-99-2108-520
| | - Darwin A. León-Figueroa
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Chiclayo 15011, Peru
- Centro de Investigación en Atención Primaria en Salud, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
| | - Hortencia M. Saldaña-Cumpa
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Chiclayo 15011, Peru
- Centro de Investigación en Atención Primaria en Salud, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
| | - Mario J. Valladares-Garrido
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima 15108, Peru
- Oficina de Epidemiología, Hospital Regional Lambayeque, Chiclayo 14012, Peru
| | - Emilly Moreno-Ramos
- División de Revisiones Sistemáticas y Meta-Análisis, Tau-Relaped Group, Trujillo 13007, Peru
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas-Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Pereira 660003, Colombia
- Master of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima 15067, Peru
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102, Lebanon
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26
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Clinical Manifestation, Transmission, Pathogenesis, and Diagnosis of Monkeypox Virus: A Comprehensive Review. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020522. [PMID: 36836879 PMCID: PMC9962527 DOI: 10.3390/life13020522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Monkeypox virus is a double-stranded DNA virus species that causes disease in humans and mammals. It is a zoonotic virus belongs the genus Orthopoxviral, the family of Poxviridae, associated with the smallpox virus in many aspects. The first human case of monkeypox was reported throughout the Democratic Republic of Congo in 1970. In April 2022, several cases were recorded in widespread regions of Africa, the Northern and western hemispheres. The current review spotlights taxonomic classification, clinical presentations during infection, and the pathogenicity of the monkeypox virus in humans. Furthermore, the current review also highlights different diagnostics used for virus detection.
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27
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Yan D, Yan B. Metabolism Pathways of Major Therapeutics for Treating Monkeypox Mono- and Co-infection with Human Immunodeficient Virus or SARS-CoV-2. Curr Drug Metab 2023; 24:240-249. [PMID: 37287302 PMCID: PMC11089469 DOI: 10.2174/1389200224666230607124102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Monkeypox is a zoonotic viral disease and remains endemic in tropical regions of Central and West Africa. Since May of 2022, cases of monkeypox have soared and spread worldwide. Confirmed cases have shown no travel history to the endemic regions as seen in the past. The World Health Organization declared monkeypox a global public health emergency in July 2022, and the United States government followed suit one month later. The current outbreak, in contrast to traditional epidemics, has high coinfection rates, particularly with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), and to a lesser extent with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), the pathogen of COVID-19. No drugs have been approved specifically for monkeypox. However, there are therapeutic agents authorized to treat monkeypox under the Investigational New Drug protocol, including brincidofovir, cidofovir, and tecovirimat. In contrast to limited options for monkeypox treatment, there are available drugs specifically for HIV or SARS-CoV-2 infection. Interestingly, these HIV and COVID-19 medicines share metabolism pathways with those authorized to treat monkeypox, particularly of hydrolysis, phosphorylation, and active membrane transport. This review discusses how these pathways shared by these medicines should be considered to gain therapeutic synergy and maximize safety for treating monkeypox coinfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, 609 Albany Street Boston, MA, 02118, United States
| | - Bingfang Yan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, United States
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