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He H, Cai L, Lin Y, Zheng F, Liao W, Xue X, Pan W. Advances in the understanding of talaromycosis in HIV-negative patients (especially in children and patients with hematological malignancies): A comprehensive review. Med Mycol 2024; 62:myae094. [PMID: 39289007 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myae094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) stands out as the sole thermobiphasic fungus pathogenic to mammals, including humans, within the fungal community encompassing Ascomycota, Eurotium, Eurotiumles, Fungiaceae, and Cyanobacteria. Thriving as a saprophytic fungus in its natural habitat, it transitions into a pathogenic yeast phase at the mammalian physiological temperature of 37°C. Historically, talaromycosis has been predominantly associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), classified among the three primary opportunistic infections linked with AIDS, alongside tuberculosis and cryptococcosis. As advancements are made in HIV/AIDS treatment and control measures, the incidence of talaromycosis co-infection with HIV is declining annually, whereas the population of non-HIV-infected talaromycosis patients is steadily increasing. These patients exhibit diverse risk factors such as various types of immunodeficiency, malignant tumors, autoimmune diseases, and organ transplantation, among others. Yet, a limited number of retrospective studies have centered on the clinical characteristics and risk factors of HIV-negative talaromycosis patients, especially in children and patients with hematological malignancies, resulting in an inadequate understanding of this patient cohort. Consequently, we conducted a comprehensive review encompassing the epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of HIV-negative talaromycosis patients, concluding with a prospectus of the disease's frontier research direction. The aim is to enhance comprehension, leading to advancements in the diagnosis and treatment rates for these patients, ultimately improving their prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang He
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Mycology; The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Liuyang Cai
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Mycology; The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Yusong Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Mycology; The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Fangwei Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Linping District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou 311103, China
| | - Wanqing Liao
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Mycology; The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Xiaochun Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, No. 905 Hospital of PLA Navy, Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Weihua Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Mycology; The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
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Li K, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Chen Q, Fang X. Case report: Systemic multi-organ involvement in an adult-onset immunodeficiency patient infected with Talaromyces marneffei. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1430179. [PMID: 39315098 PMCID: PMC11417000 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1430179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Adult-onset immunodeficiency (AOID) mediated by anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies (AIGA) is a rare condition, particularly prevalent in Southeast Asia and southern China. We present a case study of a 62-year-old female with AOID who developed a severe pulmonary infection caused by Talaromyces marneffei (TM), leading to acute respiratory failure, generalized rash, multiple lymphadenopathies, bone destruction, and a mediastinal mass. Treatment included mechanical ventilation, antifungal medication, and corticosteroids, resulting in complete recovery and discharge. This case underscores the challenges of managing complex infections in AOID patients and highlights the importance of early diagnosis through metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and appropriate intervention to improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueling Fang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Liu Y, Guo H, Yuan W, Zou Y, Qian Z, Mei X, Ji L, Wang J, Zhang Y. HIV-Negative Case of Talaromyces marneffei Pulmonary Infection with Liver Cirrhosis in China: A Case Report and Literature Review. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:1333-1343. [PMID: 38596535 PMCID: PMC11001556 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s451880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Talaromyces marneffei (TM) is the third most prevalent opportunistic infection in HIV-positive patients after tuberculosis and cryptococcosis. However, such infection of non-HIV individuals has rarely been reported. Case Presentation We describe a very rare case of a 52-year-old male who presented with a single space-occupying lesion on the right lung and was eventually diagnosed with pulmonary TM infection. The patient was HIV-negative and had liver cirrhosis with portal vein thrombosis. Lung tissue next-generation sequencing (NGS) revealed TM infection. We successfully treated the patient with voriconazole for 8 weeks and observed lesion absorption via subsequent CT. The patient consumed wild bamboo rats two months before admission. Mutations related to congenital immune deficiency were not detected by whole-exome sequencing. Conclusion Early and timely diagnosis is critical for improving patient prognosis. NGS plays a vital role in the diagnosis of pulmonary TM infection in patients. To our knowledge, this is the first published case of pulmonary TM infection in an HIV-negative patient with liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Liver Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongying Guo
- Department of Liver Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Liver Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zou
- Department of Liver Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Qian
- Department of Liver Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Mei
- Department of Liver Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liujuan Ji
- Department of Liver Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiefei Wang
- Department of Liver Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuyi Zhang
- Department of Liver Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Yao Z, Pan Z, Li G, Liao Z, Yu Z, Zhan L, Xia W. Talaromycosis from Wuhan: two-case report and literature review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1347677. [PMID: 38533387 PMCID: PMC10964487 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1347677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Talaromycosis is a serious opportunistic infectious disease caused by Talaromyces marneffei, which mostly occurs in immunocompromised patients. The disease is mainly prevalent in tropical countries and regions of Southeast Asia and South Asia, but non-endemic areas also have patients with Talaromycosis. The disease has no characteristic clinical manifestations and is difficult to diagnose. Delayed diagnosis often leads to death. Case presentation Both patients had cellular immunodeficiency. Case 1 had a history of acquired immune deficiency syndrome, and case 2 had a history of renal transplantation and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. They all had fever, anemia, fatigue, and skin lesions. Case 1 had gastrointestinal bleeding, enlarged lymph nodes, and hepatosplenomegaly. Case 2 had cough and dyspnea. Both patients had thrombocytopenia and hypoalbuminemia; an increased neutrophil ratio, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein; and abnormal liver function and coagulation dysfunction. Case 1 sputum culture, blood culture, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were positive for T. marneffei. T. marneffei was detected in the blood culture of case 2, with infection of Candida parapsilosis and Pneumocystis jirovecii. Chest computed tomography scan mainly showed pulmonary exudative lesions. Although these two patients were actively treated, they died of poor efficacy. Conclusion Talaromycosis has an insidious onset, long course, atypical clinical symptoms, imaging performance and laboratory results, difficult diagnosis, and high mortality. Therefore, it is important to promptly consider and treat Talaromycosis in immunocompromised patients upon infection in order to reduce mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wenfang Xia
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Ji Y, Zhuo B, Jiang T, Chen M, Xu W, Shen Y, Cheng D, Ge Y. Talaromyces marneffei endocarditis initially detected by Next Generation Sequencing: A case report. Int J Med Microbiol 2024; 314:151615. [PMID: 38394877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) is a thermal dimorphic fungus, which can cause lung or blood stream infection in patients, often life-threatening. However, endocarditis caused by T. marneffei has not been reported. For elderly patients with implanted cardiac devices or artificial valves, the prevention and treatment of infective endocarditis should not be ignored. METHODS This is a descriptive study of a T. marneffei endocarditis by joint detection of cardiac ultrasound examination, peripheral blood DNA metagenomics Next Generation Sequencing (mNGS), and in vitro culture. RESULTS We describe an 80-year-old female patient with an unusual infection of T. marneffei endocarditis. After intravenous drip of 0.2 g voriconazole twice a day for antifungal treatment, the patient showed no signs of improvement and their family refused further treatment. CONCLUSION Infective endocarditis is becoming more and more common in the elderly due to the widely use of invasive surgical procedures and implantation of intracardiac devices. The diagnosis and treatment of T. marneffei endocarditis is challenging because of its rarity. Here, we discussed a case of T. marneffei endocarditis, and emphasized the role of mNGS in early diagnosis, which is of great significance for treatment and survival rate of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youqi Ji
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Bingqian Zhuo
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Mengyuan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Yuhuan Shen
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Dongqing Cheng
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Yumei Ge
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; Key Laboratory of Biomarkers and In Vitro Diagnosis Translation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310063, China.
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Munna MMR, Islam MA, Shanta SS, Monty MA. Structural, functional, molecular docking analysis of a hypothetical protein from Talaromyces marneffei and its molecular dynamic simulation: an in-silico approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38345137 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2314264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Telaromyces marneffei (formerly Penicillium marneffei) is an endemic pathogenic fungus in Southern China and Southeast Asia. It can cause disease in patients with travel-related exposure to this organism and high morbidity and mortality in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). In this study, we analyzed the structure and function of a hypothetical protein from T. marneffei using several bioinformatics tools and servers to unveil novel pharmacological targets and design a peptide vaccine against specific epitopes. A total of seven functional epitopes were screened on the protein, and 'STGVDMWSV' was the most antigenic, non-allergenic and non-toxic. Molecular docking showed stronger affinity between the CTL epitope 'STGVDMWSV' and the MHC I allele HLA-A*02:01, a higher docking score -234.98 kcal/mol, revealed stable interactions during a 100 ns molecular dynamic simulation. Overall, the results of this study revealed that this hypothetical protein is crucial for comprehending biochemical, physiological pathways and identifying novel therapeutic targets for human health. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Masudur Rahman Munna
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ariful Islam
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Saima Sajnin Shanta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Masuma Akter Monty
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
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Zhu L, Zhang H, Gu H, Zhou J. The pathology biopsy represents the "gold standard" for diagnosis: a case report. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 108:116138. [PMID: 37988932 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
A 70-year-old male with previously unknown immunodeficiency presented with multiple pulmonary nodular shadows observed on chest and abdomen radiography. Fungal infection was detected in brushing specimens, bronchial lavage, and transbronchial lung biopsy samples. Through next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis, the patient was ultimately diagnosed with disseminated Talaromyces marneffei infection. Treatment with voriconazole at a dosage of 200 mg every 12 hours was initiated. However, after three months of treatment, the patient still had enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes, and a lymph node aspiration biopsy was performed to further clarify the diagnosis, which ultimately led to the diagnosis of Talaromyces marneffei infection and B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The main significance of this study is to emphasize the importance for clinicians to obtain comprehensive specimens from patients presenting with multiple masses in order to ensure accurate clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linzhen Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Haoting Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Haibo Gu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310005, China.
| | - Jianying Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Yang H, Liu M, Xu N, Yang L, Wen S, Wang S, Qu C, Xu K, Sun E, Cui W, Liu H, Wang G. Disseminated Talaromyces marneffei infection associated with haemophagocytic syndrome in an HIV-negative patient in northern China: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:63. [PMID: 38191312 PMCID: PMC10775672 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08953-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Talaromyces marneffei is endemic to eastern India, Southeast Asia, and Guangdong and Guangxi provinces in China. It is common in immunocompromised individuals, especially in HIV-infected patients. CASE PRESENTATION A 66-year-old male who had a history of hypertension and resided in Shandong Province (Northern China) was admitted for recurrent fever for one month. The patient had recurrent fever, multiple lymphadenopathies, hepatosplenomegaly, a back rash, and a progressive decrease in white blood cells and platelets. Talaromyces marneffei was isolated from peripheral blood and bone marrow after admission, and suspected fungal cells were found via lymph node pathology. The patient's infection secondary to haemophagocytic syndrome continued to worsen despite antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and symptomatic treatment, leading to death due to multiple-organ failure. CONCLUSION Although rare, infection due to Talaromyces marneffei in HIV-negative patients has been increasing in recent years, and we should be vigilant about "new" infections in nonendemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Nannan Xu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lulu Yang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Sai Wen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunmei Qu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Enhua Sun
- Microbiology Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wen Cui
- Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Zhang Z, Li B, Chai Z, Yang Z, Zhang F, Kang F, Ren H, Jin Y, Yue J. Evolution of the ability to evade host innate immune defense by Talaromyces marneffei. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127597. [PMID: 37884245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei is an intracellular pathogenic fungus. Some strains of this fungus have been misidentified due to the similarity between Talaromyces and Penicillium. T. marneffei has mainly been found to afflict immunocompromised individuals, causing respiratory, skin, and systemic mycosis. Mp1p is a key virulence factor that can help T. marneffei evade clearance by the normally functioning immune system. Understanding how novel functions arise is an intriguing question in many fields of biology. Mp1p has two homologous domains (Mp1p-LBD1 and Mp1p-LBD2). Sequence similarity searches with Mp1p-LBD sequences revealed Mp1p homologs in many other pathogenic fungi. Integrated information on the taxonomic distribution, phylogenetic relationships, and sequence similarity of Mp1p domains revealed that the ancestor of Mp1p-LBDs was acquired through horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Additional evidence revealed that Mp1p homologs have undergone extensive gene duplications in T. marneffei. Mp1p might be a result of gene fusion following gene duplication. Furthermore, we propose a new method for identifying Talaromyces and identify 4 strains with misclassification errors. Our results characterize the evolutionary mechanism of T. marneffei evasion of host innate immune defense and clearly demonstrate the role of gene duplication and HGT in the evolution of host immune escape by T. marneffei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Beiping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Zili Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Zilong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Fengwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Fuqiang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Hongguang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Yuan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Junjie Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China.
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Luo S, Wang X, Ren X, Cheng Y, Guo L, Yan P, Lv J, Su X, Shen J, Zhao K, Sun K, Chen J, Wang R. A case of TM infection with challenging differential diagnosis from lymphoma post-renal transplant. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:888. [PMID: 38114917 PMCID: PMC10729359 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08912-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphomas involving the gastrointestinal tract may be manifested as anti-inflammatory tract bleeding, abdominal lymph node enlargement, or even perforation of the gastrointestinal tract. After organ transplantation, the likelihood of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders increases, and some rare infections may also appear. CASE PRESENTATION Herein, we report a living transplant patient with talaromycosis marneffei (TSM) or Talaromyces marneffei (TM) infection with gastrointestinal hemorrhage and systemic lymph node enlargement, which presented clinically as lymphoma. CONCLUSION This case is TSM in a kidney transplant patient, confirmed by lymph node biopsy and blood culture. The patient discharged from hospital successfully under the treatment of antifungal therapy and immunosuppressive therapy. Physicians should be aware that TSM can mimic lymphoma, and early diagnosis and treatment can benefit the outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulin Luo
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingxia Wang
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, 903rd Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Ren
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yamei Cheng
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luying Guo
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengpeng Yan
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junhao Lv
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinhui Su
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, PET Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Shen
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, PET Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Sun
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rending Wang
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China.
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11
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Pan L, Shao H. Ultrasound characterization of superficial lymph nodes in HIV patients with Talaromyces marneffei infection. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1243599. [PMID: 38148912 PMCID: PMC10750475 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1243599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed at exploring the ultrasound characteristics of superficial lymph nodes (LNs) in HIV patients with Talaromyces marneffei infection to provide assistance and understanding for diagnosis and therapy. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 26 patients with confirmed HIV and T.marneffei coinfection. These patients underwent ultrasound examination and ultrasound-guided puncture biopsies at our hospital from March 2015 to March 2023. Results In all 26 patients, lymphadenectasis was observed. Among the 21 cases (80.76%), LNs showed a diffusely hyperechoic appearance with a tulle-like change, and 6 cases (23.07%) showed liquefaction. When the hila were present or thinned, the blood flow signals were primarily hilar, whether rich or poor, and when the hila were absent, the blood flow signals were peripheral or poor. The axillary LN long-to-short diameter (L/S) ratios exhibited a significant positive correlation with CD4+T cell counts (r = 0.8214, p = 0.0341). Patients with retroperitoneal lymphadenectasis showed decreased NK cell counts (p = 0.03). Conclusion In summary, the T.marneffei infection of LNs in HIV patients often manifests with superficial LN enlargement, mostly affecting the cervical LNs. The T.marneffei-infected LNs exhibit several characteristics such as echogenicity, hilum, and blood flow signal. Furthermore, there might be associations between lymphocyte subsets and enlarged superficial LNs. Ultrasound examinations should be paid attention to if patients have superficial LN enlargement, and the diagnosis of the T.marneffei infection is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Pan
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huaguo Shao
- Institute of Hepatology and Epidemiology, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Pan M, Fang G, Zheng F, Lin F, Zeng W, Qiu Y, Deng J, Chen X, Zhang J. Clinical characteristics of tracheobronchial Talaromyces marneffei infection in non-HIV-infected patients in South China. Ann Med 2023; 55:2276310. [PMID: 37967226 PMCID: PMC10653738 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2276310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tracheobronchial Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) infections among non-HIV-infected patients are rare. To improve understanding, we analysed the clinical features, immune mechanisms, treatment, and prognosis. METHODS Data on hospitalized patients with tracheobronchial T. marneffei infections from September 2013 to May 2022 were collected. The clinical and imaging features were analysed. RESULTS Nineteen patients were enrolled, with a median age of 52 years (45-62 years). The most common symptoms were cough, expectoration, fever, weight loss, and anaemia. The total white blood cell and neutrophil counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and globulin were increased, and the serum albumin levels were decreased. Chest CT manifestations included patchy shadows, masses, obstructive atelectasis, cavities, pleural effusion, and hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. The fibreoptic bronchoscopy findings included masses, polyps or nodules with mucosal oedema, hypertrophic bulges, lumen stenosis or obstruction, and purulent secretions. T. marneffei infection was confirmed in 10 patients by positive culture, in five by both culture and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), in two by mNGS, in one by culture and pathology and in 1 by histopathology. BALF (15/19, 78.9%) had the highest culture positive rate, followed by sputum (3/19), bronchial mucosa (1/1), lung biopsy (1/2); 36.8% of the patients were coinfected with other pathogens. For induction therapy, 7, 6, 2, and 4 patients received voriconazole, amphotericin B, voriconazole combined with amphotericin B, and fluconazole therapy, respectively, and 26.3% received treatment combined with nebulization and/or administration of amphotericin B under fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Four patients were treated for underlying diseases or coinfection, 31.6% were cured, 42.1% improved, and 26.3% died. CONCLUSIONS T. marneffei infection is common in the tracheobronchial airway tissue or secretions, and bronchoscopy has important diagnostic and treatment value. Antifungal therapy, including systemic therapy, involves triazoles and amphotericin administration, and aerosol inhalation and administration of amphotericin B under bronchoscopy are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mianluan Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Gaoneng Fang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Fei Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Minzu Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Fanhai Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Huaihua City, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ye Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiehua Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jianquan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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13
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Thu NTM, Borda H, Vitsupakorn S, Reddy KS, Kasmani N, Barwatt J, Schwartz IS, Giamberardino C, Perfect JR, Hoa NT, Le T. Development and validation of a colorimetric antifungal susceptibility testing method for the dimorphic fungus Talaromyces marneffei. Med Mycol 2023; 61:myad111. [PMID: 37994652 PMCID: PMC10681740 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myad111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Antifungal drug resistance is an emerging cause of treatment failure in invasive fungal infections, and antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) may inform treatment decisions. Currently, there are no established AFST guidelines for Talaromyces marneffei (Tm) or other dimorphic fungi. We developed a colorimetric AFST method using a fluorescent redox indicator alamarBlue, which changes from blue to pink in proportion to cellular metabolic activity. We determined the optimal time for alamarBlue addition to be 24 h post-inoculation and for MIC reading to be 72 h post-inoculation. Our method allows three ways to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC): visual inspection of color change, optical density, and fluorescence intensity. We validated the assay by determining the MICs for seven antifungals against 32 Tm clinical isolates and assessed the essential agreement (EA) and inter-rater reliability between our alamarBlue and the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution methods. The MIC ranges (from low to high) were: 0.008-0.025 μg/ml for itraconazole, 0.004-0.13 μg/ml for voriconazole, 0.03-0.13 μg/ml for posaconazole, 0.06-0.5 µg/ml for flucytosine, 0.5-1 µg/ml for amphotericin B, 0.5-4 µg/ml for caspofungin, and 0.5-16 µg/ml for fluconazole. The EAs were 100% between all three MIC readouts of the alamarBlue method, and 94%-100% between the alamarBlue and CLSI methods. Our alamarBlue method had substantially higher inter-rater agreement and offers a more reliable method that can be standardized across laboratories in both high- and low-resource settings compared to the established CLSI methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Mai Thu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hannah Borda
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shawin Vitsupakorn
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kaushik Sreerama Reddy
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Navsin Kasmani
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joseph Barwatt
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ilan S Schwartz
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Charles Giamberardino
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John R Perfect
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ngo Thi Hoa
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Tropical Medicine Research Center for Talaromycosis, Biomedical Research Centre, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Le
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Tropical Medicine Research Center for Talaromycosis, Biomedical Research Centre, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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14
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Tan YP, Tsang CC, Chan KF, Fung SL, Kok KH, Lau SKP, Woo PCY. Differential innate immune responses of human macrophages and bronchial epithelial cells against Talaromyces marneffei. mSphere 2023; 8:e0025822. [PMID: 37695039 PMCID: PMC10597461 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00258-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Talaromyces marneffei is a thermally dimorphic fungal pathogen endemic in Southeast Asia. As inhalation of airborne conidia is believed as the major infection route, airway epithelial cells followed by pulmonary macrophages are the first cell types which the fungus encounters inside the host. In this study, we established an in vitro infection model based on human peripheral blood-derived macrophages (hPBDMs) cultured with the supplementation of autologous plasma. Using this model, we determined the transcriptomic changes of hPBDMs in response to T. marneffei infection by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction as well as high-throughput RNA sequencing. Results showed that T. marneffei infection could activate hPBDMs to the M1-like phenotype and trigger a potent induction of chemokine and pro-inflammatory cytokine production as well as the expression of other immunoregulatory genes. In contrast to hPBDMs, there was no detectable innate cytokine response against T. marneffei in human bronchial epithelial cells (hBECs). Using a green fluorescent protein-tagged T. marneffei strain and confocal microscopy, internalization of the fungus by hBECs was confirmed. Live cell imaging further demonstrated that the infected cells exhibited normal cellular physiology, especially that the process of cell division could be observed. Moreover, T. marneffei also survived better inside hBECs than hPBDMs. Our results illustrated a potential role of hBECs to serve as reservoir cells for T. marneffei to evade immunosurveillance by phagocytes, from which the fungus reactivates when the host immunity is weakened and causes infection. Such immunoevasion and reactivation may also help explain the long incubation period observed for talaromycosis, in particular the travel-related cases. IMPORTANCE Talaromyces marneffei is an important fungal pathogen especially in Southeast Asia. To understand the innate immune response to talaromycosis, a suitable infection model is needed. Here, we established an in vitro T. marneffei infection model using human peripheral blood-derived macrophages (hPBDMs). We then examined the transcriptomic changes of hPBDMs in response to T. marneffei infection with this model. We found that contact with T. marneffei could activate hPBDMs to the M1-like phenotype and induced mRNA expressions of five cytokines and eight immunoregulatory genes. Contrary to hPBDMs, such immunoresponse was not elicited in human bronchial epithelial cells (hBECs), despite normal physiology observed in infected cells. We also found that infected hBECs did not eliminate T. marneffei as efficiently as hPBDMs. Our observation suggested that hBECs may potentially serve as reservoir cells for T. marneffei to evade immunosurveillance. When the host immunity deteriorates later, then the fungus reactivates and causes infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Pei Tan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Ching Tsang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Tung Wah College, Homantin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Fai Chan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siu-Leung Fung
- Tuberculosis and Chest Medicine Unit, Grantham Hospital, Aberdeen, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin-Hang Kok
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Susanna K. P. Lau
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Patrick C. Y. Woo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
- Doctoral Program in Translational Medicine and Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Research Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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15
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Wei W, Wang G, Zhang H, Bao X, An S, Luo Q, He J, Chen L, Ning C, Lai J, Yuan Z, Chen R, Jiang J, Ye L, Liang H. Talaromyces marneffei suppresses macrophage inflammation by regulating host alternative splicing. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1046. [PMID: 37845378 PMCID: PMC10579421 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05409-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) immune escape is essential in the pathogenesis of talaromycosis. It is currently known that T. marneffei achieves immune escape through various strategies. However, the role of cellular alternative splicing (AS) in immune escape remains unclear. Here, we depict the AS landscape in macrophages upon T. marneffei infection via high-throughput RNA sequencing and detect a truncated protein of NCOR2 / SMRT, named NCOR2-013, which is significantly upregulated after T. marneffei infection. Mechanistic analysis indicates that NCOR2-013 forms a co-repression complex with TBL1XR1 / TBLR1 and HDAC3, thereby inhibiting JunB-mediated transcriptional activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines via the inhibition of histone acetylation. Furthermore, we identify TUT1 as the AS regulator that regulates NCOR2-013 production and promotes T. marneffei immune evasion. Collectively, these findings indicate that T. marneffei escapes macrophage killing through TUT1-mediated alternative splicing of NCOR2 / SMRT, providing insight into the molecular mechanisms of T. marneffei immune evasion and potential targets for talaromycosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wudi Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiuli Bao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Sanqi An
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinhao He
- Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Lixiang Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Chuanyi Ning
- Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Nursing College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jingzhen Lai
- Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Biobank, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zongxiang Yuan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Rongfeng Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Junjun Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Li Ye
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Hao Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi Biobank, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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16
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Cen J, Huang J, Zeng W, Pan M, Qiu Y, Zhang J. Clinical features of HIV positive talaromycosis marneffei patients and development of a risk prediction model. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20068. [PMID: 37809964 PMCID: PMC10559804 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims The purpose of this study was to establish and verify a nomogram to predict the prognosis of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related talaromycosis marneffei and evaluate the prognosis. Methods We examined the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients hospitalized in the Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning from 2018 to 2020 with an aetiological diagnosis of Talaromyces marneffei infection. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent risk factors for relapse or death of the prognosis of Talaromyces marneffei infection. According to the regression coefficient, the corresponding nomograph prediction model was drawn. Results A total of 400 patients were included, including 321 males and 79 females. Recurrence or death occurred in 70 cases (17.5%). The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) of the established model was 0.716 with good discrimination, calibration, and clinical effectiveness. The risks of age between 45 and 60 years old and <40 years old were successively higher than that of >60 years old, and the risks of G test <50 pg/ml and >100 pg/ml were higher than that of 50-100 pg/ml. Respiratory failure, decreased albumin and elevated total bilirubin are risk factors for relapse or death in HIV patients infected with Talaromyces marneffei. Conclusion This model can accurately predict the prognosis of HIV complicated with Talaromyces marneffei infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiemei Cen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Guangxi Nanning Fourth People's Hospital, Department of Tuberculosis Ward, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
| | - Mianluan Pan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
| | - Ye Qiu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
| | - Jianquan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
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Wangsanut T, Sukantamala P, Pongpom M. Identification of glutathione metabolic genes from a dimorphic fungus Talaromyces marneffei and their gene expression patterns under different environmental conditions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13888. [PMID: 37620377 PMCID: PMC10449922 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40932-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Talaromyces marneffei is a human fungal pathogen that causes endemic opportunistic infections, especially in Southeast Asia. The key virulence factors of T. marneffei are the ability to survive host-derived heat and oxidative stress, and the ability to convert morphology from environmental mold to fission yeast forms during infection. Glutathione metabolism plays an essential role in stress response and cellular development in multiple organisms. However, the role of the glutathione system in T. marneffei is elusive. Here, we identified the genes encoding principal enzymes associated with glutathione metabolism in T. marneffei, including glutathione biosynthetic enzymes (Gcs1 and Gcs2), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx1), glutathione reductase (Glr1), and a family of glutathione S-transferase (Gst). Sequence homology search revealed an extended family of the TmGst proteins, consisting of 20 TmGsts that could be divided into several classes. Expression analysis revealed that cells in conidia, mold, and yeast phases exhibited distinct expression profiles of glutathione-related genes. Also, TmGst genes were highly upregulated in response to hydrogen peroxide and xenobiotic exposure. Altogether, our findings suggest that T. marneffei transcriptionally regulates the glutathione genes under stress conditions in a cell-type-specific manner. This study could aid in understanding the role of glutathione in thermal-induced dimorphism and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanaporn Wangsanut
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Panwarit Sukantamala
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Monsicha Pongpom
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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18
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Sun A, Gou X, Zhu Y, Lv H, Ge Y. Identification of Talaromyces marneffei Infection in an HIV-Negative Patient by ITS Sequencing. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:5275-5282. [PMID: 37601563 PMCID: PMC10438431 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s418174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Disseminated ankle mycosis is a life-threatening systemic infection caused by the emerging opportunistic and lethal fungal pathogen Talaromyces marneffei which is more common in HIV-positive patients. However, an increasing number of infections are occurring in HIV-negative patients. Here, we report a case of Talaromyces marneffei infection in HIV-negative patient. A 50s HIV-negative male patient with fever, cough, bloody sputum expectoration, pulmonary sarcoidosis and body rashes was hospitalized at Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital. CT scanning showed pulmonary multiple nodules with apical bronchial occlusion, patchy infiltration and pathological biopsy demonstrated bronchiolitis obliterans with organized pneumonia and chronic active inflammation of lung tissue with infiltration of numerous lymphocytes, plasma cells, phagocytes and neutrophils. Laboratory tests revealed significantly increased white blood cells count 18.3 ×109/L, neutrophil count 15.34 ×109/L, monocyte count 0.66 ×109/L, platelet count 517 ×109/L, C-reactive protein 116 mg/L, erythrocyte sedimentation rate 112mm/h. The β-D-glucan test was negative (33.06 pg/mL) while fungal culture of broncho alveolar lavage fluid revealed colonies with temperature-dependent dimorphic growth character and Talaromyces marneffei was confirmed by ITS sequencing of the colonies. The patient exhibited radiological improvement and clinical recuperation after intravenously guttae of voriconazole. Talaromycosis in immunocompetent and HIV-negative individuals is relatively rare and is characterized by an insidious onset, various clinical manifestations, and is clinically challenging. Fungal culture and ITS sequencing are warranted for diagnosis Talaromyces marneffei infection. This is the first report on identification of Talaromyces marneffei infection in an HIV-negative patient with skin involvement by ITS sequencing in Zhejiang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Sun
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, People’s Republic of China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310059, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Gou
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, People’s Republic of China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310059, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongze Zhu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huoyang Lv
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yumei Ge
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, People’s Republic of China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310059, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biomarkers and in vitro Diagnosis Translation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People’s Republic of China
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Sephton-Clark P, Nguyen T, Hoa NT, Ashton P, van Doorn HR, Ly VT, Le T, Cuomo CA. Impact of pathogen genetics on clinical phenotypes in a population of Talaromyces marneffei from Vietnam. Genetics 2023; 224:iyad100. [PMID: 37226893 PMCID: PMC10411598 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Talaromycosis, a severe and invasive fungal infection caused by Talaromyces marneffei, is difficult to treat and impacts those living in endemic regions of Southeast Asia, India, and China. While 30% of infections result in mortality, our understanding of the genetic basis of pathogenesis for this fungus is limited. To address this, we apply population genomics and genome-wide association study approaches to a cohort of 336 T. marneffei isolates collected from patients who enrolled in the Itraconazole vs Amphotericin B for Talaromycosis trial in Vietnam. We find that isolates from northern and southern Vietnam form two distinct geographical clades, with isolates from southern Vietnam associated with increased disease severity. Leveraging longitudinal isolates, we identify multiple instances of disease relapse linked to unrelated strains, highlighting the potential for multistrain infections. In more frequent cases of persistent talaromycosis caused by the same strain, we identify variants arising over the course of patient infections that impact genes predicted to function in the regulation of gene expression and secondary metabolite production. By combining genetic variant data with patient metadata for all 336 isolates, we identify pathogen variants significantly associated with multiple clinical phenotypes. In addition, we identify genes and genomic regions under selection across both clades, highlighting loci undergoing rapid evolution, potentially in response to external pressures. With this combination of approaches, we identify links between pathogen genetics and patient outcomes and identify genomic regions that are altered during T. marneffei infection, providing an initial view of how pathogen genetics affects disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poppy Sephton-Clark
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Thu Nguyen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ngo Thi Hoa
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Oxford University, Ho Chi Minh City 749000, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX37LG, UK
- Microbiology department and Biological Research Center, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City 740500, Vietnam
| | - Philip Ashton
- Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Institute of Infection, University of Liverpool, Liverpool CH647TE, UK
| | - H Rogier van Doorn
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX37LG, UK
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Oxford University, Hanoi 113000, Vietnam
| | - Vo Trieu Ly
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX37LG, UK
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City 749000, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Le
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Tropical Medicine Research Center for Talaromycosis, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City 740500, Vietnam
| | - Christina A Cuomo
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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20
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Du R, Feng Y, Mao H. Case report: Diagnosis of Talaromyces marneffei infection in an HIV-negative patient with septic shock and high-titer anti-interferon gamma autoantibodies by metagenomic next-generation sequencing. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1163846. [PMID: 37469600 PMCID: PMC10352806 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1163846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by a dysfunctional response to infection from the host. Septic shock, a subset of sepsis, caused by Talaromyces marneffei infection (talaromycosis) has rarely been reported. Owing to its slow culture and low yield, talaromycosis is typically misdiagnosed in HIV-negative patients as other infections, such as tuberculosis, bacterial pneumonia, and lung cancer, especially in non-endemic regions. Early and accurate diagnosis as well as efficient treatment options are required to improve prognosis. Method A 30-year-old HIV-negative Chinese woman from a non-endemic area of T. marneffei was initially misdiagnosed with tuberculosis. She had a poor response to anti-tuberculosis treatment. On July 16, 2022, she was admitted to our hospital; the patient developed septic shock on the third day after hospitalization and was ultimately diagnosed with talaromycosis via metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). Result The condition of the patient improved after appropriate treatment with amphotericin B. Furthermore, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results confirmed that the patient had a high-titer of anti-interferon gamma (IFN-γ) autoantibodies. Conclusion HIV-negative individuals with anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies typically have relapsing, refractory, and fatal infections, such as talaromycosis, which is typically misdiagnosed in the initial course of the disease. This can lead to septic shock. Clinicians should be aware that they may encounter HIV-negative patients with T. marneffei infection in non-endemic areas. Thus, mNGS is an effective technology for detecting T. marneffei infection. Additionally, the detection of anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies in these patients would aid in knowing their susceptibility to fatal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rao Du
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Yinhe Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Deyang City, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu College of Medicine, Deyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Mao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan
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21
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Thakur R, Kalsi AS, Kushwaha P. Cutaneous cryptococcosis in an adult male of sub-saharan origin. Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS 2023; 44:161-163. [PMID: 38223162 PMCID: PMC10785107 DOI: 10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_58_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcosis is caused by the inhalation of the desiccated encapsulated yeast or basidiospores, which are found in the environment. After the infectious particles reach the lungs, get disseminated hematogenously in various organs. Meningoencephalitis is one of the most common manifestations, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The dermal lesions can be either primary due to the traumatic implantation of infectious propagule or secondary in patients with disseminated infection due to cryptococcus. The typical presentations of the cutaneous lesions are like umbilicated lesions of molluscum contagiosum. The dermal lesions can also be similar to Kaposi sarcoma or talaromycosis (formerly penicilliosis). Here, we present a 34-year-old male HIV-positive and antiretroviral therapy-naive. The patient had a very low CD4 cell count and a high viral load. The patient was referred to the dermatology clinic for multiple eruptions due to umbilicated skin colored lesions 3-5 mm in diameter on the nose.The patient was first treated for the opportunistic infection. The causes of the dermal umbilicated skin lesions are several. We must find out whether the dermal lesion is due to infection with a single organism or more than one. It can be colesional also. Punch biopsy, India ink, and culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar confirmed the diagnosis of Cryptococcus neoformans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameshwari Thakur
- Department of Microbiology, Muzaffarnagar Medical College and Hospital, Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Avneet Singh Kalsi
- Department of Dermatology, Muzaffarnagar Medical College and Hospital, Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pragya Kushwaha
- Department of Dermatology, LLRM Medical College and Hospital, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
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22
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Pruksaphon K, Amsri A, Thammasit P, Nosanchuk JD, Youngchim S. Extracellular vesicles derived from Talaromyces marneffei contain immunogenic compounds and modulate THP-1 macrophage responses. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1192326. [PMID: 37457708 PMCID: PMC10339390 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1192326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic eukaryotes including fungi release extracellular vesicles (EVs) which are composed of a variety of bioactive components, including peptides, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, and membrane lipids. EVs contain virulence-associated molecules suggesting a crucial role of these structures in disease pathogenesis. EVs derived from the pathogenic yeast phase of Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei, a causative agent of systemic opportunistic mycoses "talaromycosis," were studied for their immunogenic components and immunomodulatory properties. Some important virulence factors in EVs including fungal melanin and yeast phase specific mannoprotein were determined by immunoblotting. Furthermore, fluorescence microscopy revealed that T. marneffei EVs were internalized by THP-1 human macrophages. Co-incubation of T. marneffei EVs with THP-1 human macrophages resulted in increased levels of supernatant interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-10. The expression of THP-1 macrophage surface CD86 was significantly increased after exposed to T. marneffei EVs. These findings support the hypothesis that fungal EVs play an important role in macrophage "classical" M1 polarization. T. marneffei EVs preparations also increased phagocytosis, suggesting that EV components stimulate THP-1 macrophages to produce effective antimicrobial compounds. In addition, T. marneffei EVs stimulated THP-1 macrophages were more effective at killing T. marneffei conidia. These results indicate that T. marneffei EVs can potently modulate macrophage functions, resulting in the activation of these innate immune cells to enhance their antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritsada Pruksaphon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Artid Amsri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Patcharin Thammasit
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Joshua D. Nosanchuk
- Department of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases) and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sirida Youngchim
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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23
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Singh MK, Borson S, Lei V, Molloy R, Weng B, Sutjita M. Rare cases of Talaromyces pneumonia in individuals with underlying cancer and no travel to endemic areas. IDCases 2023; 33:e01831. [PMID: 37484827 PMCID: PMC10362278 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2023.e01831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Talaromyces marneffei causes a systemic fungal infection, referred to as talaromycosis, in immunocompromised individuals. Talaromycosis is an AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) defining illness for patients living in the Southeast Asian region. Here we present two rarely reported cases of pulmonary talaromycosis in Southern California in patients with active cancer, negative HIV status, and no prior travel history to endemic regions. Case description Case 1: A 76-year-old male with a past medical history of emphysema and latent tuberculosis status post rifampin treatment, presented with a necrotic lung mass. He was diagnosed with squamous cell lung carcinoma and bronchoalveolar lavage cultures grew Talaromyces marneffei. He had no animal exposure or prior travel history to Asia. Due to a transfusion reaction to liposomal amphotericin (the mainstay of treatment), he required a transition to posaconazole. He was HIV-negative and expired due to underlying cancer and infection complications.Case2: A 63-year-old male with a past medical history of tuberculosis, diabetes, and cavitary pneumonia with bronchoscopy positive for Talaromyces presented with worsening back pain and was found to have multiple sites of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma likely originating from gastric adenocarcinoma. He was HIV-negative and expired due to complications from underlying cancer and infection. Conclusion We demonstrate that patients with pulmonary Talaromyces are becoming more prominent outside of endemic areas even in the setting of no prior travel. In addition, since patients with this infection are severely immunosuppressed, they require extensive workup for other comorbidities such as possible underlying cancer or tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet K. Singh
- School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Sheldon Borson
- School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Victor Lei
- Department of Family Medicine, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, CA, USA
| | - Rhett Molloy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, CA, USA
| | - Bruce Weng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, CA, USA
| | - Made Sutjita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, CA, USA
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Kinnamon DS, Heggestad JT, Liu J, Nguyen T, Ly V, Hucknall AM, Fontes CM, Britton RJ, Cai JP, Chan JFW, Yuen KY, Le T, Chilkoti A. Environmentally Resilient Microfluidic Point-of-Care Immunoassay Enables Rapid Diagnosis of Talaromycosis. ACS Sens 2023; 8:2228-2236. [PMID: 37279466 PMCID: PMC10449026 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care tests (POCTs) are increasingly being used in field settings, particularly outdoors. The performance of current POCTs─most commonly the lateral flow immunoassay─can be adversely affected by ambient temperature and humidity. We developed a self-contained immunoassay platform─the D4 POCT─that can be conducted at the POC by integrating all reagents in a capillary-driven passive microfluidic cassette that minimizes user intervention. The assay can be imaged and analyzed on a portable fluorescence reader─the D4Scope─and provide quantitative outputs. Here, we systematically investigated the resilience of our D4 POCT to varied temperature and humidity and to physiologically diverse human whole blood samples that span a wide range of physiological hematocrit (30-65%). For all conditions, we showed that the platform maintained high sensitivity (0.05-0.41 ng/mL limits of detection). The platform also demonstrated good accuracy in reporting true analyte concentration across environmental extremes when compared to the manually operated format of the same test to detect a model analyte─ovalbumin. Additionally, we engineered an improved version of the microfluidic cassette that improved the ease-of-use of the device and shortened the time-to-result. We implemented this new cassette to create a rapid diagnostic test to detect talaromycosis infection in patients with advanced HIV disease at the POC, demonstrating comparable sensitivity and specificity to the laboratory test for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Kinnamon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Jacob T Heggestad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Jason Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Thu Nguyen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Vo Ly
- Hospital for Tropical Disease, Ho Chi Minh City 73009, Vietnam
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 72714, Vietnam
| | - Angus M Hucknall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Cassio M Fontes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Rhett J Britton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Jian-Piao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 000000, Hong Kong
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 000000, Hong Kong
- Hainan Medical University─The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 000000, Hong Kong
- Hainan Medical University─The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Thuy Le
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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Wangsanut T, Amsri A, Pongpom M. Antibody screening reveals antigenic proteins involved in Talaromyces marneffei and human interaction. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1118979. [PMID: 37404721 PMCID: PMC10315666 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1118979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Talaromycosis is a fungal infection that generally affects immunocompromised hosts and is one of the most frequent systemic mycoses in HIV patients, especially in endemic areas such as Southeast Asia. Talaromyces marneffei, the causative agent of talaromycosis, grows as a mold in the environment but adapts to the human body and host niches by transitioning from conidia to yeast-like cells. Knowledge of the human host and T. marneffei interaction has a direct impact on the diagnosis, yet studies are still lacking. The morbidity and mortality rates are high in taloromycosis patients if the diagnosis and treatments are delayed. Immunogenic proteins are excellent candidates for developing detection tools. Previously, we identified antigenic proteins that were recognized by antibodies from talaromycosis sera. Three of these identified proteins have been previously characterized in detail, while the others have not been explored. To expedite the progress of antigen discovery, the complete list of antigenic proteins and their features was fully reported in this study. Functional annotation and Gene Ontology examination revealed that these proteins showed a high association with membrane trafficking. Further bioinformatics analyses were performed to search for antigenic protein characteristics, including functional domains, critical residues, subcellular localization, secretory signals, and epitope peptide sequences. Expression profiling of these antigenic encoding genes was investigated using quantitative real-time PCR. The results demonstrated that most genes were expressed at low levels in the mold form, but were highly upregulated in the pathogenic yeast phase, consistent with the antigenic role of these genes during the human-host interaction. Most transcripts accumulated in the conidia, suggesting a role during phase transition. The collection of all antigen-encoding DNA sequences described here is freely accessible at GenBank, which could be useful for the research community to develop into biomarkers, diagnostic tests, research detection tools, and even vaccines.
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Zaongo SD, Zhang F, Chen Y. An Overview of Diagnostic and Management Strategies for Talaromycosis, an Underrated Disease. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:647. [PMID: 37367583 DOI: 10.3390/jof9060647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Underrated and neglected, talaromycosis is a life-threatening fungal disease endemic to the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia. In China, it has been reported that talaromycosis mortality doubles from 24 to 50% when the diagnosis is delayed, and reaches 100% when the diagnosis is missed. Thus, the accurate diagnosis of talaromycosis is of utmost importance. Herein, in the first part of this article, we provide an extensive review of the diagnostic tools used thus far by physicians in the management of cases of talaromycosis. The challenges encountered and the perspectives which may aid in the discovery of more accurate and reliable diagnostic approaches are also discussed. In the second part of this review, we discuss the drugs used to prevent and treat T. marneffei infection. Alternative therapeutic options and potential drug resistance reported in the contemporary literature are also discussed. We aim to guide researchers towards the discovery of novel approaches to prevent, diagnose, and treat talaromycosis, and therefore improve the prognosis for those afflicted by this important disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvere D Zaongo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing 400036, China
| | - Fazhen Zhang
- Fifth Unit for Tuberculosis, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing 400036, China
| | - Yaokai Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing 400036, China
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27
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Ji G, Feng S, Ren H, Chen W, Chen R. Exosomes released from macrophages infected with Talaromyces marneffei activate the innate immune responses and decrease the replication. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e881. [PMID: 37382272 PMCID: PMC10266176 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies have demonstrated that exosomes play roles in pathogenesis and in the treatment of various diseases. We explored the influence of exosomes released from Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei)-infected macrophages on human macrophages to determine whether they play a role in the pathogenesis of T. marneffei infection. METHODS Exosomes derived from macrophages infected with T. marneffei were extracted and characterized by transmission electron microscopy and western blot. Moreover, we examined exosomes that modulated IL-10 and TNF-α secretion and activation of p42 and p44 extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and activation of autophagy. RESULTS We found that exosomes promoted activation of ERK1/2 and autophagy, IL-10 and TNF-α secretion in human macrophages. Further, exosomes decreased the multiplication of T. marneffei in T. marneffei-infected human macrophages. Interestingly, exosomes isolated from T. marneffei-infected but not from uninfected macrophages can stimulate innate immune responses in resting macrophages. CONCLUSION Our studies are the first to demonstrate that exosomes isolated from T. marneffei-infected macrophages can modulate the immune system to control inflammation, and we hypothesize that exosomes play significant roles in activation of ERK1/2 and autophagy, the replication of T. marneffei and cytokine production during T. marneffei infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangquan Ji
- Department of TechnologyLianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityLianyungangChina
- Department of TechnologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical UniversityLianyungangChina
| | - Shan Feng
- Department of TechnologyLianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityLianyungangChina
- Department of TechnologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical UniversityLianyungangChina
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of DermatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical UniversityLianyungangChina
- Department of DermatologyAffiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityLianyungangChina
| | - Wenhao Chen
- Department of DermatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical UniversityLianyungangChina
- Department of DermatologyAffiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityLianyungangChina
| | - Renqiong Chen
- Department of DermatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical UniversityLianyungangChina
- Department of DermatologyAffiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityLianyungangChina
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28
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Dong RJ, Li J, Zhang Y, Li JS, Yang LH, Kuang YQ, Wang RR, Li YY. Thalidomide promotes NLRP3/caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis of macrophages in Talaromyces marneffei infection. Microb Pathog 2023:106168. [PMID: 37224982 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage-derived inflammatory cytokines are critical for host defense against Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) infection among HIV/AIDS patients, and excessive inflammatory cytokines are associated with poor outcomes of AIDS-associated talaromycosis. However, the underlying mechanisms of macrophage-caused pyroptosis and cytokine storm are poorly understood. Here, in the T. marneffei-infected mice and macrophages, we show that T. marneffei induced pyroptosis in macrophages through the NLRP3/caspase-1 pathway. The immunomodulatory drug thalidomide could promote the pyroptosis of macrophages infected T. marneffei. In T. marneffei-infected mice, the splenic macrophages underwent increasing pyroptosis as talaromycosis deteriorated. Thalidomide ameliorated inflammation of mice, while amphotericin B (AmB) in combination with thalidomide did not improve overall survival compared with AmB alone. Taken together, our findings suggest that thalidomide promotes NLRP3/caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis of macrophages in T. marneffei infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Jing Dong
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Kidney Diseases, Medical College, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jia-Sheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Lu-Hui Yang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yi-Qun Kuang
- Scientific Research Laboratory Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming650032, China.
| | - Rui-Rui Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Yu-Ye Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China.
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Yu Q, Wei M, Xiao R, Liang X, Liang S, Ma N, Wu S, Ning Y, Deng J, Yang M, Chen Q, Zeng W, Li M, Feng X, He Z. Clinical Characteristics, Course, and Long-Term Outcomes in Patients with Talaromyces marneffei Infection: A 10-Year Retrospective Cohort Study. Infect Dis Ther 2023; 12:1283-1297. [PMID: 37055706 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-023-00801-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei), a dimorphic fungus, causes local or disseminated infection in humans. We aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and survival outcomes of patients with T. marneffei infection and compare the differences between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and HIV-negative subgroups. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 241 patients with T. marneffei infection at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University between January 2012 and January 2022. The overall population was stratified into HIV-positive (n = 98) and HIV-negative (n = 143) groups according to HIV status. Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate Cox regression models were used to determine the prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS With a median follow-up time of 58.9 months, 120 patients (49.8%) experienced disease progression and 85 patients (70.8%) died. The 5-year rates of OS and PFS were 61.4% (95% CI 55.0-68.6%) and 47.8% (95% CI 41.5-55.1%), respectively. As an independent factor, patients who were HIV positive had better PFS (HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.31-0.82; p < 0.01) than patients who were HIV negative. Compared with patients who were HIV positive, patients who were HIV negative were older and had more probabilities of underlying diseases, chest involvement, bone destruction, and higher count of neutrophils (all p < 0.05). Hemoglobin (PFS: HR 0.62; 95% CI 0.39-1.00; p < 0.05; OS: HR 0.45; 95% CI 0.22-0.89; p = 0.02) and lymphocyte count (PFS: HR 0.06; 95% CI 0.01-0.26; p < 0.01; OS: HR 0.08; 95% CI 0.01-0.40; p < 0.01) were independent prognostic factors for PFS and OS in patients who were HIV negative. CONCLUSIONS Patients with T. marneffei infection have a poor prognosis. Patients who are HIV positive and HIV negative have relatively independent clinical characteristics. Multiple organ involvement and disease progression are more common in patients who are HIV negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- QingLiang Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Meifang Wei
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaona Liang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqiao Liang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Ma
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyao Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Ning
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingmin Deng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiling Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanfang Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Meihua Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokai Feng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiyi He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Chen H, Yan M, He H, Zhang L, Zeng H, Wang Y. A Retrospective Study of Clinical and Immunological Features of a Pediatric Population with Talaromyces marneffei Infection. Mycopathologia 2023:10.1007/s11046-023-00724-2. [PMID: 37012558 PMCID: PMC10069724 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-023-00724-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Talaromyces marneffei (T. Marneffei) infection is considered as an indicator of immunosuppression in immunocompromised individuals, leading to multiple organ damage. Our study aimed to evaluate both the clinical characteristics and immunological features of pediatric patients infected with T. marneffei from our institute, providing novel insights into diagnosis and treatment for this life-threatening disease. METHOD Thirteen pediatric patients with T. marneffei infection were enrolled in Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center during 2012 to 2020. Clinical data and laboratory findings were collected and further analyzed. Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to determine the relationship between serum immunoglobulins (Igs) levels and white blood cell count, or the absolute lymphocyte count. RESULTS Patients were diagnosed as having T. Marneffei infection mainly based on the results of fungal culture and Gram stain of specimens. The most common presentations were fever (69%), pneumonia (38%) and immunodeficiency (38%). The total levels of Igs (IgE, IgA, and IgM) were positively correlated with both white blood cell count and absolute lymphocyte count. CONCLUSION Serum Ig expression Pattern in patients diagnosed with T. marneffei infection might serve as an effective prognostic marker which would help with the development of early interventions for children with this fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huishan Chen
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muxia Yan
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haowei He
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 1 Xinzao Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huasong Zeng
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yiqian Wang
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 1 Xinzao Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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Sephton-Clark P, Nguyen T, Hoa NT, Ashton P, van Doorn HR, Ly VT, Le T, Cuomo CA. Impact of pathogen genetics on clinical phenotypes in a population of Talaromyces marneffei from Vietnam. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.30.534926. [PMID: 37034632 PMCID: PMC10081260 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.30.534926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Talaromycosis, a severe and invasive fungal infection caused by Talaromyces marneffei , is difficult to treat and impacts those living in endemic regions of southeast Asia, India, and China. While 30% of infections result in mortality, our understanding of the genetic basis of pathogenesis for this fungus is limited. To address this, we apply population genomics and genome wide association study approaches to a cohort of 336 T. marneffei isolates collected from patients who enrolled in the Itraconazole versus Amphotericin B for Talaromycosis (IVAP) trial in Vietnam. We find that isolates from northern and southern Vietnam form two distinct geographical clades, with isolates from southern Vietnam associated with increased disease severity. Leveraging longitudinal isolates, we identify multiple instances of disease relapse linked to unrelated strains, highlighting the potential for multi-strain infections. In more frequent cases of persistent talaromycosis caused by the same strain, we identify variants arising over the course of patient infections that impact genes predicted to function in the regulation of gene expression and secondary metabolite production. By combining genetic variant data with patient metadata for all 336 isolates, we identify pathogen variants significantly associated with multiple clinical phenotypes. In addition, we identify genes and genomic regions under selection across both clades, highlighting loci undergoing rapid evolution, potentially in response to external pressures. With this combination of approaches, we identify links between pathogen genetics and patient outcomes and identify genomic regions that are altered during T. marneffei infection, providing an initial view of how pathogen genetics affects disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poppy Sephton-Clark
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA 02142
| | - Thu Nguyen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA 27710
| | - Ngo Thi Hoa
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom OX37LG
- Microbiology department and Biological Research Center, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Philip Ashton
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK CH647TE
| | - H. Rogier van Doorn
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom OX37LG
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vo Trieu Ly
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom OX37LG
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Le
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA 27710
- Tropical Medicine Research Center for Talaromycosis, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Christina A. Cuomo
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA 02142
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Cheng K, Tong M, Cai Z, Jong MC, Zhou J, Xiao B. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial communities associated with coral species have high host specificity in the South China Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161185. [PMID: 36581277 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Reef-building corals are well known for their obligate association with Symbiodiniaceae, and an array of other microbes, including bacteria, fungi, and symbiotic algae (i.e., total microbiome), which together form the coral holobiont. The total microbiome plays an intricate part in maintaining the homeostasis of the coral holobiont and is closely associated with host health. However, the composition of the coral associated microbiome and interaction between its different members remains elusive because few analyses have bridged taxonomically disparate groups. This research gaps have prevented a holistic understanding of the total microbiome. Thus, to simultaneously characterize the bacterial, fungal and symbiotic algal communities associated with different coral species, and explore the relationship between these symbionts and coral health, healthy and bleached tissues from four coral species, Acropora muricata, Galaxea fascicularis, Platygyra daedalea, and Pavona explanulata, were collected from the Xisha Islands of the South China Sea. Using high throughput sequencing, a high degree of host-specificity was observed among bacterial, fungal, and algal groups across coral species. There were no obvious changes in the microbial community structure of apparently healthy and bleached corals, but host bleaching allowed colonization of the holobionts by diverse opportunistic microbes, resulting in a significant elevation in the α-diversity of microbial communities. In addition, co-occurrence analysis of the coral microbiota also identified more complex microbial interactions in bleached corals than in healthy ones. In summary, this study characterized the structure of coral-associated microbiomes across four coral species, and systematically studied microbiome differences between healthy and bleached corals. The findings improve our understanding of the heterogeneity of symbiotic microorganisms and the impact of coral's physiological status on its associated microbial communities composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Cheng
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Tong
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Cai
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Mui Choo Jong
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Baohua Xiao
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518114, PR China.
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Menu E, Filori Q, Dufour JC, Ranque S, L’Ollivier C. A Repertoire of Clinical Non-Dermatophytes Moulds. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9040433. [PMID: 37108888 PMCID: PMC10146755 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans are constantly exposed to micromycetes, especially filamentous fungi that are ubiquitous in the environment. In the presence of risk factors, mostly related to an alteration of immunity, the non-dermatophyte fungi can then become opportunistic pathogens, causing superficial, deep or disseminated infections. With new molecular tools applied to medical mycology and revisions in taxonomy, the number of fungi described in humans is rising. Some rare species are emerging, and others more frequent are increasing. The aim of this review is to (i) inventory the filamentous fungi found in humans and (ii) provide details on the anatomical sites where they have been identified and the semiology of infections. Among the 239,890 fungi taxa and corresponding synonyms, if any, retrieved from the Mycobank and NCBI Taxonomy databases, we were able to identify 565 moulds in humans. These filamentous fungi were identified in one or more anatomical sites. From a clinical point of view, this review allows us to realize that some uncommon fungi isolated in non-sterile sites may be involved in invasive infections. It may present a first step in the understanding of the pathogenicity of filamentous fungi and the interpretation of the results obtained with the new molecular diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Menu
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Service de Santé des Armées, VITROME: Vecteurs-Infections Tropicales et Méditerra-néennes, Aix Marseille Université, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Quentin Filori
- INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Aix Marseille University, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Charles Dufour
- INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Aix Marseille University, 13385 Marseille, France
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service Biostatistique et Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Ranque
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Service de Santé des Armées, VITROME: Vecteurs-Infections Tropicales et Méditerra-néennes, Aix Marseille Université, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Coralie L’Ollivier
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Service de Santé des Armées, VITROME: Vecteurs-Infections Tropicales et Méditerra-néennes, Aix Marseille Université, 13385 Marseille, France
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Kamtalwar S, Mirgh S, More A, Gokarn A, Dhumal S, Sharma P, Lall S, Patkar N, Shetty N, Chatterjee G, Rajpal S, Bhat V, Khattry N, Gupta S. Triple Trouble: Disseminated Penicilliosis in a Cancer patient with COVID-19. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2023. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1759505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractPenicilliosis is a fungal infection caused by the fungus Penicillium marneffei or Talaromyces marneffei. Penicillosis is commonly seen in immunocompromised patients such as in HIV(AIDS). Herein, we present a case of penicilliosis in an oral cavity cancer patient who was admitted for the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection at our hospital. A 50-year-old male patient operated on for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity who completed his adjuvant chemoradiation 2 months ago, presented to our hospital with dry cough for more than 3 weeks. His nasopharyngeal swab was positive for the severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). During his hospital stay for SARS-CoV-2 infection, he was diagnosed with disseminated penicilliosis. The patient was treated with intravenous antifungals caspofungin and voriconazole. However, he succumbed to disseminated fungal sepsis. This case highlights the need to consider penicilliosis as a possible opportunistic pathogen, especially in immunocompromised patients such as cancer.
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Wang F, Han R, Chen S. An Overlooked and Underrated Endemic Mycosis-Talaromycosis and the Pathogenic Fungus Talaromyces marneffei. Clin Microbiol Rev 2023; 36:e0005122. [PMID: 36648228 PMCID: PMC10035316 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00051-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Talaromycosis is an invasive mycosis endemic in tropical and subtropical Asia and is caused by the pathogenic fungus Talaromyces marneffei. Approximately 17,300 cases of T. marneffei infection are diagnosed annually, and the reported mortality rate is extremely high (~1/3). Despite the devastating impact of talaromycosis on immunocompromised individuals, particularly HIV-positive persons, and the increase in reported occurrences in HIV-uninfected persons, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for talaromycosis have received far too little attention worldwide. In 2021, scientists living in countries where talaromycosis is endemic raised a global demand for it to be recognized as a neglected tropical disease. Therefore, T. marneffei and the infectious disease induced by this fungus must be treated with concern. T. marneffei is a thermally dimorphic saprophytic fungus with a complicated mycological growth process that may produce various cell types in its life cycle, including conidia, hyphae, and yeast, all of which are associated with its pathogenicity. However, understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of T. marneffei has been limited until recently. To achieve a holistic view of T. marneffei and talaromycosis, the current knowledge about talaromycosis and research breakthroughs regarding T. marneffei growth biology are discussed in this review, along with the interaction of the fungus with environmental stimuli and the host immune response to fungal infection. Importantly, the future research directions required for understanding this serious infection and its causative pathogenic fungus are also emphasized to identify solutions that will alleviate the suffering of susceptible individuals worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, Biomedical Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - RunHua Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Shi Chen
- Intensive Care Unit, Biomedical Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Biomedical Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Tan XT, binti Mohd Shuhairi N, Jane Ginsapu S, Binti Shukor S, Amran F. Comparison of in vitro Susceptibilities of Talaromyces marneffei in Mold and Yeast Forms in Malaysia. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:1629-1635. [PMID: 36987447 PMCID: PMC10040151 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s398743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study was aimed to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) differences between yeast and mold forms of T. marneffei in Malaysia. Patients and Methods Ninety-seven clinical strains of T. marneffei were received from various Malaysian hospitals from the year 2020 until 2022. Their identities were determined using microscopic, macroscopic and molecular methods. Next, the susceptibility of yeast and mold forms of each isolate against amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, ketoconazole, isavuconazole, terbinafine, caspofungin and micafungin were tested according to the broth microdilution according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M38 and M27 guidelines. The geometric means of minimal inhibitory concentration (GM MIC), MIC50, and MIC90 were determined for each antifungal. Additionally, Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the significant difference of GM MICs for each antifungal, GM MIC, MIC50 and MIC90 for the combined nine antifungals against different growth forms of T. marneffei. The significance was set at p<0.05. Results Micafungin had the highest GM MIC, MIC50 and MIC90 for mold form of T. marneffei. For yeast form, amphotericin B achieved the highest GM MIC and MIC50 while micafungin achieved the highest MIC90. However, the GM MIC, MIC50 and MIC90 of terbinafine and azole antifungals on T. marneffei were similar to each other, namely between 0.03 and 0.60µg/mL. The difference of GM MIC of all tested antifungals except caspofungin and micafungin was insignificant. Overall, GM MIC, MIC50 and MIC90 of the combined nine antifungals against two growth forms were insignificant. Conclusion The findings suggested either yeast or mold form can be used in the susceptibility testing of T. marneffei against amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, ketoconazole, isavuconazole and terbinafine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Ting Tan
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: Xue Ting Tan, Bacteriology unit, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, Tel +60 333628968, Email
| | - Nurliyana binti Mohd Shuhairi
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Stephanie Jane Ginsapu
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Surianti Binti Shukor
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fairuz Amran
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Harika P, Asthana B, Vashisht R, Yadav N, Hazra N, Manrai M, Menon AS. Disseminated talaromycosis: Truly uncommon or uncommonly recognized? Med J Armed Forces India 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Gamaletsou MN, Rammaert B, Brause B, Bueno MA, Dadwal SS, Henry MW, Katragkou A, Kontoyiannis DP, McCarthy MW, Miller AO, Moriyama B, Pana ZD, Petraitiene R, Petraitis V, Roilides E, Sarkis JP, Simitsopoulou M, Sipsas NV, Taj-Aldeen SJ, Zeller V, Lortholary O, Walsh TJ. Osteoarticular Mycoses. Clin Microbiol Rev 2022; 35:e0008619. [PMID: 36448782 PMCID: PMC9769674 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00086-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarticular mycoses are chronic debilitating infections that require extended courses of antifungal therapy and may warrant expert surgical intervention. As there has been no comprehensive review of these diseases, the International Consortium for Osteoarticular Mycoses prepared a definitive treatise for this important class of infections. Among the etiologies of osteoarticular mycoses are Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., Mucorales, dematiaceous fungi, non-Aspergillus hyaline molds, and endemic mycoses, including those caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, and Coccidioides species. This review analyzes the history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, inflammatory biomarkers, diagnostic imaging modalities, treatments, and outcomes of osteomyelitis and septic arthritis caused by these organisms. Candida osteomyelitis and Candida arthritis are associated with greater events of hematogenous dissemination than those of most other osteoarticular mycoses. Traumatic inoculation is more commonly associated with osteoarticular mycoses caused by Aspergillus and non-Aspergillus molds. Synovial fluid cultures are highly sensitive in the detection of Candida and Aspergillus arthritis. Relapsed infection, particularly in Candida arthritis, may develop in relation to an inadequate duration of therapy. Overall mortality reflects survival from disseminated infection and underlying host factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria N. Gamaletsou
- Laiko General Hospital of Athens and Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Blandine Rammaert
- Université de Poitiers, Faculté de médecine, CHU de Poitiers, INSERM U1070, Poitiers, France
| | - Barry Brause
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marimelle A. Bueno
- Far Eastern University-Dr. Nicanor Reyes Medical Foundation, Manilla, Philippines
| | | | - Michael W. Henry
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aspasia Katragkou
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Matthew W. McCarthy
- Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
- New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andy O. Miller
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Zoi Dorothea Pana
- Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ruta Petraitiene
- Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Emmanuel Roilides
- Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Maria Simitsopoulou
- Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos V. Sipsas
- Laiko General Hospital of Athens and Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Valérie Zeller
- Groupe Hospitalier Diaconesses-Croix Saint-Simon, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lortholary
- Université de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, APHP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Mycologie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR 2000, Paris, France
| | - Thomas J. Walsh
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
- New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Innovative Therapeutics and Diagnostics, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Expression of Cytokine Profiles in Human THP-1 Cells during Phase Transition of Talaromyces marneffei. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121465. [PMID: 36558799 PMCID: PMC9783046 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Talaromyces marneffei, a dimorphic fungus, exhibits temperature-dependent growth, existing in a filamentous form at 25 °C and as a yeast at 37 °C. Several studies have highlighted the important roles of macrophages in defense against T. marneffei infection. However, the immune responses to the interaction of macrophages with T. marneffei cells during phase transition require further investigation. This study reports the expression of cytokine profiles in human THP-1 cells during infection by T. marneffei. THP-1 cells were infected with T. marneffei conidia at different multiplicity of infections (MOIs). Surviving conidia transformed into yeasts after phagocytosis by macrophages, and the number of yeasts gradually increased over 36 h. The transcription and secretion levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were examined at different times by qRT-PCR and ELISA. Transcription levels of IL-8, IL-12, IL-1β, and TNF-α increased significantly at 12 or 24 h and then slightly decreased at 36 h. In contrast, the transcription levels of IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β gradually increased at all MOIs. The levels of IL-6 and IL-10 secretion corresponded to their levels of transcription. These results indicated that as the number of intracellular yeasts increased, the infected macrophages first underwent slight M1 polarization before shifting to M2 polarization. This polarization transition was confirmed by the fungicidal ability and the expression of macrophage surface markers. By inducing the M2-type polarization of macrophages, the intracellular T. marneffei cells can successfully evade the immune response. Our study provides a novel insight into the immune characterization during the transition of T. marneffei infection and could further contribute to possible diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for this infection.
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Chen J, Chen R, Wei W, Qin F, Chen X, He J, Zhang H, Wang G, Shi M, Qin T, Liao Y, Wu Y, Lu B, Tao X, Ye L, Liang H, Jiang J. Effect and Mechanism of Cotrimoxazole Against Talaromyces marneffei in vitro. Mycopathologia 2022; 187:579-593. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-022-00673-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bongomin F, Ekeng BE, Kibone W, Nsenga L, Olum R, Itam-Eyo A, Kuate MPN, Pebolo FP, Davies AA, Manga M, Ocansey B, Kwizera R, Baluku JB. Invasive Fungal Diseases in Africa: A Critical Literature Review. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8121236. [PMID: 36547569 PMCID: PMC9853333 DOI: 10.3390/jof8121236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) are of huge concern in resource-limited settings, particularly in Africa, due to the unavailability of diagnostic armamentarium for IFDs, thus making definitive diagnosis challenging. IFDs have non-specific systemic manifestations overlapping with more frequent illnesses, such as tuberculosis, HIV, and HIV-related opportunistic infections and malignancies. Consequently, IFDs are often undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. We critically reviewed the available literature on IFDs in Africa to provide a better understanding of their epidemiology, disease burden to guide future research and interventions. Cryptococcosis is the most encountered IFD in Africa, accounting for most of the HIV-related deaths in sub-Saharan Africa. Invasive aspergillosis, though somewhat underdiagnosed and/or misdiagnosed as tuberculosis, is increasingly being reported with a similar predilection towards people living with HIV. More cases of histoplasmosis are also being reported with recent epidemiological studies, particularly from Western Africa, showing high prevalence rates amongst presumptive tuberculosis patients and patients living with HIV. The burden of pneumocystis pneumonia has reduced significantly probably due to increased uptake of anti-retroviral therapy among people living with HIV both in Africa, and globally. Mucormycosis, talaromycosis, emergomycosis, blastomycosis, and coccidiomycosis have also been reported but with very few studies from the literature. The emergence of resistance to most of the available antifungal drugs in Africa is yet of huge concern as reported in other regions. IFDs in Africa is much more common than it appears and contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality. Huge investment is needed to drive awareness and fungi related research especially in diagnostics and antifungal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bongomin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu P.O. Box 166, Uganda
- Correspondence:
| | - Bassey E. Ekeng
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar P.O. Box 540281, Nigeria
| | - Winnie Kibone
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda
| | - Lauryn Nsenga
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kabale University, Kabale P.O. Box 317, Uganda
| | - Ronald Olum
- Department of Medicine, St. Francis’s Hospital Nsambya, Kampala P.O. Box 7176, Uganda
| | - Asa Itam-Eyo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar P.O. Box 540281, Nigeria
| | | | - Francis Pebalo Pebolo
- Department of Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu P.O. Box 166, Uganda
| | - Adeyinka A. Davies
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu P.O. Box 121102, Nigeria
| | - Musa Manga
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 4114 McGavran-Greenberg, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bright Ocansey
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Richard Kwizera
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Research, Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 22418, Uganda
| | - Joseph Baruch Baluku
- Division of Pulmonology, Kiruddu National Referral Hospital, Kampala P.O. Box 7178, Uganda
- Makerere Lung Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 22418, Uganda
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Chen L, Zhang M, Guo W, Ding W, Tan J, Du H, Zhao Z, Zhong W. Case report: Acute Talaromyces marneffei mediastinitis in an HIV-negative patient. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1045660. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1045660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) is one of the most important opportunistic human pathogens endemic in Southeast Asia. Talaromycosis, which was once regarded as an opportunistic infectious disease in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, is being increasingly reported in HIV-negative populations. Since T. marneffei infection can be localized or disseminated, patients may present with a variety of symptoms. However, mediastinal infection attributed to T. marneffei is extremely rare. We report the case of a 32-year-old female who manifested a large mediastinal mass and was eventually diagnosed as acute T. marneffei mediastinitis. The patient was HIV-negative and had no direct contact with intermediate hosts. We successfully managed to treat the patient with inhaled amphotericin B deoxycholate and observed lesion absorption in subsequent CT examinations. To our knowledge, this is the first published case of T. marneffei mediastinitis and first use of inhaled antifungal monotherapy on patients with T. marneffei infection.
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Fang J, Chen R, Liu D. Talaromyces marneffei Can Capture CD86 Proteins of Macrophages in vitro. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:6801-6810. [DOI: 10.2147/idr.s389612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Zhu X, Liu X, Cao Q, Dai B, Xiong Y, Zhou H, Zheng J, Zhu B. Multiple intracranial space-occupying lesions caused by Talaromyces marneffei infection in an AIDS patient returning from Cambodia. Travel Med Infect Dis 2022; 50:102477. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Mao Y, Shen H, Yang C, Jia Q, Li J, Chen Y, Hu J, Huang W. Clinical performance of metagenomic next-generation sequencing for the rapid diagnosis of talaromycosis in HIV-infected patients. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:962441. [PMID: 36339344 PMCID: PMC9635894 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.962441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Talaromycosis is an invasive endemic mycosis caused by the dimorphic fungus Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei, TM). It mainly affects immunodeficient patients, especially HIV-infected individuals, which causes significant morbidity and mortality. Culture-based diagnosis takes a long turnaround time with low sensitivity, leading to treatment delay. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the performance of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS) for the rapid diagnosis of talaromycosis in HIV-infected patients. Methods Retrospectively analysis was conducted in HIV-infected cases at Changsha First Hospital (China) from January 2021 to March 2022. Patients who underwent routine microbiological examination and mNGS testing in parallel were enrolled. The clinical final diagnosis was used as a reference standard, and cases were classified into the TM group (60 cases) and the non-TM group (148 cases). The clinical performances of mNGS were compared with culture and serum Galactomannan (GM). The mixed infections detected by mNGS were analyzed. The impact of mNGS detection on treatment was also investigated. Results The sensitivity of mNGS test reached 98.3% (95% CI, 89.8-99.9), which was significantly higher than culture (66.7% [95% CI, 53.2-77.9], P < 0.001) and serum GM (83.3% [95% CI, 71.0-91.2], P < 0.05). The specificity of 98.6% (95% CI, 94.7-99.7) was similar to culture (100.0% [95% CI, 96.8-100.0], P = 0.156), and superior to serum GM (91.9% [95% CI, 85.9-95.5], P < 0.05). In bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples, the positive rate of mNGS was 97.6%, which was significantly higher than culture (28.6%, P <0.001). mNGS has excellent performance in the identification of mixed infection in TM group patients. Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and Pneumocystis jirovecii were the most common concurrent pathogens. In summary, 60.0% (36/60) patients were added or adjusted to antimicrobial therapy after mNGS test. Conclusion mNGS is a powerful technique with high specificity and sensitivity for the rapid diagnosis of talaromycosis. mNGS of BALF samples may be a good option for early identification of T. marneffei in HIV-infected individuals with manifestations of infection. Moreover, mNGS shows excellent performance in mixed infection, which benefits timely treatment and potential mortality reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhuan Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Caili Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Qunying Jia
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene and Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianying Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Jinwei Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Weiliang Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Weiliang Huang,
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Pruksaphon K, Nosanchuk JD, Thammasit P, Pongpom M, Youngchim S. Interaction of Talaromyces marneffei with free living soil amoeba as a model of fungal pathogenesis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1023067. [PMID: 36262181 PMCID: PMC9574045 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1023067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei is an important dimorphic mycosis endemic in Southeast Asia and Southern China, but the origin and maintenance of virulence traits in this organism remains obscure. Several pathogenic fungi, including Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Sporothrix schenckii, Histoplasma capsulatum and Paracoccidioides spp. interact with free living soil amoebae and data suggests that fungal pathogenic strategies may emerge from environmental interactions of these fungi with ubiquitous phagocytic microorganisms. In this study, we examined the interactions of T. marneffei with the soil amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii. T. marneffei was rapidly ingested by A. castellanii and phagocytosis of fungal cells resulted in amoeba death after 24 h of contact. Co-culture also resulted in a rapid transition for conidia to the fission-yeast form. In addition, well-established virulence factors such as melanin and a yeast specific mannoprotein of T. marneffei were expressed during interaction with A. castellanii at 37°C. Our findings support the assumption that soil amoebae environmental predators play a role in the selection and maintenance of particular features in T. marneffei that impart virulence to this clinically important dimorphic fungus in mammalian hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritsada Pruksaphon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Joshua D. Nosanchuk
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Patcharin Thammasit
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Monsicha Pongpom
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sirida Youngchim
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Sirida Youngchim,
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Ling F, Guo T, Li J, Chen Y, Xu M, Li S, Zhu L. Gastrointestinal Talaromyces marneffei infection in a patient with AIDS: A case report and systematic review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:980242. [PMID: 36248856 PMCID: PMC9561240 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.980242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Talaromyces marneffei is a thermally dimorphic fungus that affects multiple organs and frequently invades immunocompromised individuals. However, only a few studies have reported the presence of intestinal infection associated with T. marneffei. Herein, we reported a case of intestinal T. marneffei infection in a man who complained of a 1-month history of intermittent fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. The result of the human immunodeficiency virus antibody test was positive. Periodic acid-Schiff and Gomorrah’s methylamine silver staining of the intestinal biopsy tissue revealed T. marneffei infection. Fortunately, the patient’s symptoms rapidly resolved with prompt antifungal treatment. In addition, we summarized and described the clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of patients with intestinal T. marneffei infection. A total of 29 patients were identified, the majority of whom (65.52%) were comorbid with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The main clinical features included anemia, fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and lymphadenopathy. The transverse and descending colon, ileocecum, and ascending colon were the most common sites of lesions. A considerable number of patients (31.03%) developed intestinal obstruction, intestinal perforation, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Of the 29 patients, six underwent surgery, 23 survived successfully with antifungal treatment, five died of T. marneffei infection, and one died of unknown causes. T. marneffei intestinal infection should be considered when immunodeficient patients in endemic areas present with non-specific symptoms, such as fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Appropriate and timely endoscopy avoids delays in diagnosis. Early aggressive antifungal therapy improves the clinical outcomes of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangmei Ling
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junrong Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yidong Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingyang Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liangru Zhu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Liangru Zhu,
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Jiang Z, Wei Y, Huang W, Li B, Zhou S, Liao L, Li T, Liang T, Yu X, Li X, Zhou C, Cao C, Liu T. Population pharmacokinetics of voriconazole and initial dosage optimization in patients with talaromycosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:982981. [PMID: 36225581 PMCID: PMC9549404 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.982981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The high variability and unpredictability of the plasma concentration of voriconazole (VRC) pose a major challenge for clinical administration. The aim of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetics (PPK) model of VRC and identify the factors influencing VRC PPK in patients with talaromycosis. Medical records and VRC medication history of patients with talaromycosis who were treated with VRC as initial therapy were collected. A total of 233 blood samples from 69 patients were included in the study. A PPK model was developed using the nonlinear mixed-effects models (NONMEM). Monte Carlo simulation was applied to optimize the initial dosage regimens with a therapeutic range of 1.0–5.5 mg/L as the target plasma trough concentration. A one-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination adequately described the data. The typical voriconazole clearance was 4.34 L/h, the volume of distribution was 97.4 L, the absorption rate constant was set at 1.1 h-1, and the bioavailability was 95.1%. Clearance was found to be significantly associated with C-reactive protein (CRP). CYP2C19 polymorphisms had no effect on voriconazole pharmacokinetic parameters. Monte Carlo simulation based on CRP levels showed that a loading dose of 250 mg/12 h and a maintenance dose of 100 mg/12 h are recommended for patients with CRP ≤ 96 mg/L, whereas a loading dose of 200 mg/12 h and a maintenance dose of 75 mg/12 h are recommended for patients with CRP > 96 mg/L. The average probability of target attainment of the optimal dosage regimen in CRP ≤ 96 mg/L and CRP > 96 mg/L groups were 61.3% and 13.6% higher than with empirical medication, and the proportion of Cmin > 5.5 mg/L decreased by 28.9%. In conclusion, the VRC PPK model for talaromycosis patients shows good robustness and predictive performance, which can provide a reference for the clinical individualization of VRC. Adjusting initial dosage regimens based on CRP may promote the rational use of VRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Jiang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Lab of Fungi and Mycosis Research and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Yinyi Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Weie Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baise People’s Hospital, Baise, China
| | - Bingkun Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Lab of Fungi and Mycosis Research and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Siru Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Liuwei Liao
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Lab of Fungi and Mycosis Research and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Lab of Fungi and Mycosis Research and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Tianwei Liang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Lab of Fungi and Mycosis Research and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoshu Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baise People’s Hospital, Baise, China
| | - Xiuying Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Lab of Fungi and Mycosis Research and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Changjing Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baise People’s Hospital, Baise, China
- *Correspondence: Changjing Zhou, ; Cunwei Cao, ; TaoTao Liu,
| | - Cunwei Cao
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Lab of Fungi and Mycosis Research and Prevention, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Changjing Zhou, ; Cunwei Cao, ; TaoTao Liu,
| | - TaoTao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Changjing Zhou, ; Cunwei Cao, ; TaoTao Liu,
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Important Mycoses of Wildlife: Emphasis on Etiology, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Pathology—A Review: PART 1. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12151874. [PMID: 35892524 PMCID: PMC9331704 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The number of wild animals is steadily declining globally, so the early diagnosis and proper treatment of emerging diseases are vital. Fungal diseases are commonly encountered in practice and have a high zoonotic potential. This article describes aspergillosis, candidiasis, histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and penicilliosis, and is only the first part of a detailed review. The laboratory methods (fungal isolation, gross pathology, histopathology, histochemistry, cytology, immunohistochemistry, radiography, CT, PCR, or ELISA) used in the diagnosis and the clinical details that provide a complete view of the mycoses are presented. Abstract In the past few years, there has been a spurred tripling in the figures of fungal diseases leading to one of the most alarming rates of extinction ever reported in wild species. Some of these fungal diseases are capable of virulent infections and are now considered emerging diseases due to the extremely high number of cases diagnosed with fungal infections in the last few decades. Most of these mycotic diseases in wildlife are zoonotic, and with the emergence and re-emergence of viral and bacterial zoonotic diseases originating from wildlife, which are causing devastating effects on the human population, it is important to pay attention to these wildlife-borne mycotic diseases with zoonotic capabilities. Several diagnostic techniques such as fungal isolation, gross pathology, histopathology, histochemistry, cytology, immunohistochemistry, radiography, CT, and molecular methods such as PCR or ELISA have been invaluable in the diagnosis of wildlife mycoses. The most important data used in the diagnosis of these wildlife mycoses with a zoonotic potential have been re-emphasized. This will have implications for forestalling future epidemics of these potential zoonotic mycotic diseases originating from wildlife. In conclusion, this review will highlight the etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, pathogenesis, pathogenicity, pathology, and hematological/serum biochemical findings of five important mycoses found in wild animals.
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Chen ZM, Yang XY, Li ZT, Guan WJ, Qiu Y, Li SQ, Zhan YQ, Lei ZY, Liu J, Zhang JQ, Wang ZF, Ye F. Anti-Interferon-γ Autoantibodies Impair T-Lymphocyte Responses in Patients with Talaromyces marneffei Infections. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:3381-3393. [PMID: 35789796 PMCID: PMC9250332 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s364388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies predispose patients to Talaromyces marneffei infection, whether this is mediated by T cell attenuation remains elusive. Methods Total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors or patients with T. marneffei infection were stimulated with M158−66, and immunodominant influenza H1N1 peptide, or heat-inactivated T. marneffei in the presence of serum from anti-IFN-γ autoantibody-positive patients or healthy controls. The percentages of IFN-γ+TNF+CD8+ T cells and IFN-γ+CD4+ T cells were determined by flow cytometry and cytokines released in the supernatant were detected by Cytometric Bead Array. Furthermore, PBMCs from patients with T. marneffei infection and healthy individuals were stimulated with IFN-γ and anti-CD3/CD28 beads, and the levels of STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation were detected by Western blot. Results The M1-reactive CD8+ T cells that expressed IFN-γ+ TNF-α+ of healthy controls were clearly reduced in serum with high-titer anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies. In addition, the CD4+ T cell response, designated by the expression of IFN-γ, against T. marneffei in PBMCs of patients were significantly decreased when cultured in high-titer anti-IFN-γ autoantibody serum culture, compared to the healthy compartments. Moreover, the release of the cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 was significantly decreased, while IL-10 was significantly increased. There was no significant difference in the phosphorylation levels of STAT1 and STAT3 protein between patients and healthy controls after IFN-γ or anti-CD3/CD28 beads stimulation. Conclusion Anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies presence in the serum inhibited CD4+ Th1 and CD8+ T cell immune responses. There was no congenital dysfunction of STAT1 and STAT3 in anti-IFN-γ autoantibody-positive patients with T. marneffei infection. These results suggest that the production of anti-IFN-γ autoAbs impair T-lymphocyte responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou Laboratory, Bio-Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Tu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Jie Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Qiu
- Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang-Qing Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Ying Lei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Quan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou Laboratory, Bio-Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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