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Wijesundara YH, Howlett TS, Kumari S, Gassensmith JJ. The Promise and Potential of Metal-Organic Frameworks and Covalent Organic Frameworks in Vaccine Nanotechnology. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3013-3036. [PMID: 38408451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The immune system's complexity and ongoing evolutionary struggle against deleterious pathogens underscore the value of vaccination technologies, which have been bolstering human immunity for over two centuries. Despite noteworthy advancements over these 200 years, three areas remain recalcitrant to improvement owing to the environmental instability of the biomolecules used in vaccines─the challenges of formulating them into controlled release systems, their need for constant refrigeration to avoid loss of efficacy, and the requirement that they be delivered via needle owing to gastrointestinal incompatibility. Nanotechnology, particularly metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), has emerged as a promising avenue for confronting these challenges, presenting a new frontier in vaccine development. Although these materials have been widely explored in the context of drug delivery, imaging, and cancer immunotherapy, their role in immunology and vaccine-related applications is a recent yet rapidly developing field. This review seeks to elucidate the prospective use of MOFs and COFs for biomaterial stabilization, eliminating the necessity for cold chains, enhancing antigen potency as adjuvants, and potentializing needle-free delivery of vaccines. It provides an expansive and critical viewpoint on this rapidly evolving field of research and emphasizes the vital contribution of chemists in driving further advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalini H Wijesundara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Thomas S Howlett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Sneha Kumari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Jeremiah J Gassensmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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Kim JC, Choi JA, Park H, Yang E, Noh S, Kim JS, Kim MJ, Song M, Park JH. Pharmaceutical and Immunological Evaluation of Cholera Toxin A1 Subunit as an Adjuvant of Hepatitis B Vaccine Microneedles. Pharm Res 2023; 40:3059-3071. [PMID: 37914841 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03623-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE For successful delivery of a solid vaccine formulation into the skin using microneedles, the solubility of an adjuvant should be considered because the decrease in the dissolution rate by the addition of adjuvant decreases the delivery efficiency of the vaccine. METHODS In this study, cholera toxin A subunit 1 (CTA1) was examined as an adjuvant to Hepatitis B vaccine (HBV) microneedles because of its good water solubility, improved safety, and positive effect as shown in intramuscular administration of a liquid vaccine. RESULTS All solid formulations with CTA 1 dissolved in in vivo mouse skin within 30 min, and they were successfully delivered into the skin. In experiments with mice, the addition of CTA1 led to improved IgG immune response compared to the use of an aluminum hydroxide-based formulation and intramuscular administration of HBV. In addition, CTA1 induced CD8 + T cell response as much as in which the aluminum hydroxide-based formulation induced. CONCLUSIONS CTA1 is an adjuvant that satisfies both the delivery efficiency and the immunological characteristics required for vaccine microneedles. CTA1 will be used as a potential adjuvant through vaccine microneedles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Chan Kim
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon BioNano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jung-Ah Choi
- Science Unit, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hayan Park
- Science Unit, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunji Yang
- Science Unit, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shinyoung Noh
- Science Unit, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Seok Kim
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon BioNano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Moon-Jin Kim
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon BioNano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Manki Song
- Science Unit, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jung-Hwan Park
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon BioNano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea.
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Wang EY, Sarmadi M, Ying B, Jaklenec A, Langer R. Recent advances in nano- and micro-scale carrier systems for controlled delivery of vaccines. Biomaterials 2023; 303:122345. [PMID: 37918182 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines provide substantial safety against infectious diseases, saving millions of lives each year. The recent COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of vaccination in providing mass-scale immunization against outbreaks. However, the delivery of vaccines imposes a unique set of challenges due to their large molecular size and low room temperature stability. Advanced biomaterials and delivery systems such as nano- and mciro-scale carriers are becoming critical components for successful vaccine development. In this review, we provide an updated overview of recent advances in the development of nano- and micro-scale carriers for controlled delivery of vaccines, focusing on carriers compatible with nucleic acid-based vaccines and therapeutics that emerged amid the recent pandemic. We start by detailing nano-scale delivery systems, focusing on nanoparticles, then move on to microscale systems including hydrogels, microparticles, and 3D printed microneedle patches. Additionally, we delve into emerging methods that move beyond traditional needle-based applications utilizing innovative delivery systems. Future challenges for clinical translation and manufacturing in this rapidly advancing field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Yan Wang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Morteza Sarmadi
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Binbin Ying
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ana Jaklenec
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Robert Langer
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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Dahri M, Beheshtizadeh N, Seyedpour N, Nakhostin-Ansari A, Aghajani F, Seyedpour S, Masjedi M, Farjadian F, Maleki R, Adibkia K. Biomaterial-based delivery platforms for transdermal immunotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115048. [PMID: 37385212 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, immunotherapy is one of the most essential treatments for various diseases and a broad spectrum of disorders are assumed to be treated by altering the function of the immune system. For this reason, immunotherapy has attracted a great deal of attention and numerous studies on different approaches for immunotherapies have been investigated, using multiple biomaterials and carriers, from nanoparticles (NPs) to microneedles (MNs). In this review, the immunotherapy strategies, biomaterials, devices, and diseases supposed to be treated by immunotherapeutic strategies are reviewed. Several transdermal therapeutic methods, including semisolids, skin patches, chemical, and physical skin penetration enhancers, are discussed. MNs are the most frequent devices implemented in transdermal immunotherapy of cancers (e.g., melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, cervical, and breast cancer), infectious (e.g., COVID-19), allergic and autoimmune disorders (e.g., Duchenne's muscular dystrophy and Pollinosis). The biomaterials used in transdermal immunotherapy vary in shape, size, and sensitivity to external stimuli (e.g., magnetic field, photo, redox, pH, thermal, and even multi-stimuli-responsive) were reported. Correspondingly, vesicle-based NPs, including niosomes, transferosomes, ethosomes, microemulsions, transfersomes, and exosomes, are also discussed. In addition, transdermal immunotherapy using vaccines has been reviewed for Ebola, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Hepatitis B virus, Influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, Hand-foot-and-mouth disease, and Tetanus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Dahri
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Computational Biology and Chemistry Group (CBCG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Beheshtizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Regenerative Medicine group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Seyedpour
- Nanomedicine Research Association (NRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Nakhostin-Ansari
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Aghajani
- Research Development Center, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simin Seyedpour
- Nanomedicine Research Association (NRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moein Masjedi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Farjadian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Maleki
- Department of Chemical Technologies, Iranian Research Organization for Sciences and Technology (IROST), P.O. Box 33535111 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Khosro Adibkia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Zhang XP, He YT, Li WX, Chen BZ, Zhang CY, Cui Y, Guo XD. An update on biomaterials as microneedle matrixes for biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:6059-6077. [PMID: 35916308 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00905f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Microneedles (MNs) have been developed for various applications such as drug delivery, cosmetics, diagnosis, and biosensing. To meet the requirements of MNs used in these areas, numerous materials have been used for the fabrication of MNs. However, MNs will be exposed to skin tissues after piercing the stratum corneum barrier. Thus, it is necessary to ensure that the matrix materials of MNs have the characteristics of low toxicity, good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and sufficient mechanical properties for clinical application. In this review, the matrix materials currently used for preparing MNs are summarized and reviewed in terms of these factors. In addition, MN products used on the market and their applications are summarized in the end. This work may provide some basic information to researchers in the selection of MN matrix materials and in developing new materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 10029, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yu Ting He
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 10029, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Wen Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 10029, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 10029, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Can Yang Zhang
- Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering Division, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, East Street Cherry Park, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Dong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 10029, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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Microneedle-Mediated Vaccination: Innovation and Translation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:113919. [PMID: 34375682 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vaccine administration by subcutaneous or intramuscular injection is the most commonly prescribed route for inoculation, however, it is often associated with some deficiencies such as low compliance, high professionalism, and risk of infection. Therefore, the application of microneedles for vaccine delivery has gained widespread interests in the past few years due to its high compliance, minimal invasiveness, and convenience. This review focuses on recent advances in the development and application of microneedles for vaccination based on different delivery strategies, and introduces the current status of microneedle-mediated vaccination in clinical translation. The prospects for its application including opportunities and challenges are further discussed.
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Hossain MK, Ahmed T, Bhusal P, Subedi RK, Salahshoori I, Soltani M, Hassanzadeganroudsari M. Microneedle Systems for Vaccine Delivery: the story so far. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 19:1153-1166. [PMID: 33427523 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1874928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccine delivery via a microneedle (MN) system has been identified as a potential alternative to conventional vaccine delivery. MN can be self-administered, is pain-free and is capable of producing superior immunogenicity. Over the last few decades, significant research has been carried out in this area, and this review aims to provide a comprehensive picture on the progress of this delivery platform. AREAS COVERED This review highlights the potential role of skin as a vaccine delivery route using a microneedle system, examines recent advancements in microneedle fabrication techniques, and provides an update on potential preclinical and clinical studies on vaccine delivery through microneedle systems against various infectious diseases. Articles for the review study were searched electronically in PubMed, Google, Google Scholar, and Science Direct using specific keywords to cover the scope of the article. The advanced search strategy was employed to identify the most relevant articles. EXPERT OPINION A significant number of MN mediated vaccine candidates have shown promising results in preclinical and clinical trials. The recent emergence of cleanroom free, 3D or additive manufacturing of MN systems and stability, together with the dose-sparing capacity of the Nanopatch® system, have made this platform, commercially, highly lucrative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Kamal Hossain
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University , Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Taksim Ahmed
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Prabhat Bhusal
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago , Dunedin New Zealand
| | | | - Iman Salahshoori
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran, Iran
| | - M Soltani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology , Tehran, Iran.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CBB), University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.,Advanced Bioengineering Initiative Center, Multidisciplinary International Complex, K. N. Toosi University of Technology , Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Hassanzadeganroudsari
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University , Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran, Iran
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Nguyen TT, Oh Y, Kim Y, Shin Y, Baek SK, Park JH. Progress in microneedle array patch (MAP) for vaccine delivery. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 17:316-327. [PMID: 32667239 PMCID: PMC7872046 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1767997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A microneedle array patch (MAP) has been developed as a new delivery system for vaccines. Preclinical and clinical trials with a vaccine MAP showed improved stability, safety, and immunological efficacy compared to conventional vaccine administration. Various vaccines can be delivered with a MAP. Currently, microneedle manufacturers can mass-produce pharmaceutical MAP and cosmetic MAP and this mass-production system can be adapted to produce a vaccine MAP. Clinical trials with a vaccine MAP have shown comparable efficacy with conventional administration, and discussions about regulations for a vaccine MAP are underway. However, there are concerns of reasonable cost, mass production, efficacy, and safety standards that meet FDA approval, as well as the need for feedback regarding the best method of administration. Currently, microneedles have been studied for the delivery of many kinds of vaccines, and preclinical and clinical studies of vaccine microneedles are in progress. For the foreseeable future, some vaccines will continue to be administered with syringes and needles while the use of a vaccine MAP continues to be improved because of the advantages of less pain, self-administration, improved stability, convenience, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Trang Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology-HUTECH , Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Yujeong Oh
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon BioNano Research Institute, Gachon University , Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunseo Kim
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon BioNano Research Institute, Gachon University , Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yura Shin
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon BioNano Research Institute, Gachon University , Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Baek
- QuadMedicine R&D Centre, QuadMedicine Inc , Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Park
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon BioNano Research Institute, Gachon University , Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Badizadegan K, Goodson JL, Rota PA, Thompson KM. The potential role of using vaccine patches to induce immunity: platform and pathways to innovation and commercialization. Expert Rev Vaccines 2020; 19:175-194. [PMID: 32182145 PMCID: PMC7814398 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1732215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: In the last two decades, the evidence related to using vaccine patches with multiple short projections (≤1 mm) to deliver vaccines through the skin increased significantly and demonstrated their potential as an innovative delivery platform.Areas covered: We review the vaccine patch literature published in English as of 1 March 2019, as well as available information from key stakeholders related to vaccine patches as a platform. We identify key research topics related to basic and translational science on skin physical properties and immunobiology, patch development, and vaccine manufacturing.Expert opinion: Currently, vaccine patch developers continue to address some basic science and other platform issues in the context of developing a potential vaccine patch presentation for an existing or new vaccine. Additional clinical data and manufacturing experience could shift the balance toward incentivizing existing vaccine manufactures to further explore the use of vaccine patches to deliver their products. Incentives for innovation of vaccine patches differ for developed and developing countries, which will necessitate different strategies (e.g. public-private partnerships, push, or pull mechanisms) to support the basic and applied research needed to ensure a strong evidence base and to overcome translational barriers for vaccine patches as a delivery platform.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James L Goodson
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Paul A Rota
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Wang Y, Deng L, Gonzalez GX, Luthra L, Dong C, Ma Y, Zou J, Kang SM, Wang BZ. Double-Layered M2e-NA Protein Nanoparticle Immunization Induces Broad Cross-Protection against Different Influenza Viruses in Mice. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901176. [PMID: 31840437 PMCID: PMC6980908 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of a universal influenza vaccine is an ideal strategy to eliminate public health threats from influenza epidemics and pandemics. This ultimate goal is restricted by the low immunogenicity of conserved influenza epitopes. Layered protein nanoparticles composed of well-designed conserved influenza structures have shown improved immunogenicity with new physical and biochemical features. Herein, structure-stabilized influenza matrix protein 2 ectodomain (M2e) and M2e-neuraminidase fusion (M2e-NA) recombinant proteins are generated and M2e protein nanoparticles and double-layered M2e-NA protein nanoparticles are produced by ethanol desolvation and chemical crosslinking. Immunizations with these protein nanoparticles induce immune protection against different viruses of homologous and heterosubtypic NA in mice. Double-layered M2e-NA protein nanoparticles induce higher levels of humoral and cellular responses compared with their comprising protein mixture or M2e nanoparticles. Strong cytotoxic T cell responses are induced in the layered M2e-NA protein nanoparticle groups. Antibody responses contribute to the heterosubtypic NA immune protection. The protective immunity is long lasting. These results demonstrate that double-layered protein nanoparticles containing structure-stabilized M2e and NA can be developed into a universal influenza vaccine or a synergistic component of such vaccines. Layered protein nanoparticles can be a general vaccine platform for different pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 100 Piedmont Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, USA
| | | | - Gilbert X. Gonzalez
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 100 Piedmont Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, USA
| | - Latika Luthra
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 100 Piedmont Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, USA
| | - Chunhong Dong
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 100 Piedmont Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, USA
| | - Yao Ma
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 100 Piedmont Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, USA
| | - Jun Zou
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 100 Piedmont Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, USA
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 100 Piedmont Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, USA
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 100 Piedmont Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, USA
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Lee SH, Chu KB, Kang HJ, Quan FS. Virus-like particles containing multiple antigenic proteins of Toxoplasma gondii induce memory T cell and B cell responses. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220865. [PMID: 31465461 PMCID: PMC6715270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the efforts to develop vaccine against Toxoplasma gondii infection were made for decades, there is currently no licensed vaccine available for humans. Upon discovering a number of T or B cell epitope regions from T. gondii IMC, ROP18 and MIC8, multi-antigen VLPs or combination VLPs were generated. Mice immunized with multi-antigen VLPs or combination VLPs were challenge infected with T. gondii (ME49). T. gondii-specific IgG, IgG isotypes and IgA antibody responses, memory T and B cell responses and protection were evaluated. All the mice survived upon T. gondii challenge infection by multi-antigen VLPs vaccination. Vaccinated mice elicited higher levels of parasite-specific IgG and IgG2a antibody responses in sera, IgA antibody responses in feces, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses, and cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-10) responses compared to combination VLPs. In particular, the multi-antigen VLPs vaccination showed significantly higher levels of antibody secreting cell (ASC) responses, CD4+ and CD8+ effector memory T cells, and memory B cells than combination VLPs. Multi-antigen VLPs vaccination showed significant reduction of brain cyst counts and size, and all mice survived. Prediction and analysis of epitopes have indicated that IMC, ROP18 and MIC8 showed partially overlapping epitopes for T and B cells. Our results indicated that antibody responses, memory T and B cells induced by multi-antigen VLPs vaccination might contribute to the complete protection upon T. gondii (ME49) challenge infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hwa Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Back Chu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Ji Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Fu-Shi Quan
- Department of Medical Zoology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Graduate school, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Pre-clinical evaluation of a quadrivalent HCV VLP vaccine in pigs following microneedle delivery. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9251. [PMID: 31239471 PMCID: PMC6592879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45461-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of directly acting antiviral agents (DAAs) has produced significant improvements in the ability to cure chronic hepatitis C infection. However, with over 2% of the world’s population infected with HCV, complications arising from the development of cirrhosis of the liver, chronic hepatitis C infection remains the leading indication for liver transplantation. Several modelling studies have indicated that DAAs alone will not be sufficient to eliminate HCV, but if combined with an effective vaccine this regimen would provide a significant advance towards achieving this critical World Health Organisation goal. We have previously generated a genotype 1a, 1b, 2a, 3a HCV virus like particle (VLP) quadrivalent vaccine. The HCV VLPs contain the core and envelope proteins (E1 and E2) of HCV and the vaccine has been shown to produce broad humoral and T cell immune responses following vaccination of mice. In this report we further advanced this work by investigating vaccine responses in a large animal model. We demonstrate that intradermal microneedle vaccination of pigs with our quadrivalent HCV VLP based vaccine produces long-lived multi-genotype specific and neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses together with strong T cell and granzyme B responses and normal Th1 and Th2 cytokine responses. These responses were achieved without the addition of adjuvant. Our study demonstrates that our vaccine is able to produce broad immune responses in a large animal that, next to primates, is the closest animal model to humans. Our results are important as they show that the vaccine can produce robust immune responses in a large animal model before progressing the vaccine to human trials.
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Ingrole RSJ, Gill HS. Microneedle Coating Methods: A Review with a Perspective. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 370:555-569. [PMID: 31175217 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.258707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A coated microneedle array comprises sharp micrometer-sized needle shafts attached to a base substrate and coated with a drug on their surfaces. Coated microneedles are under investigation for drug delivery into the skin and other tissues, and a broad assortment of active materials, including small molecules, peptides, proteins, deoxyribonucleic acids, and viruses, have been coated onto microneedles. To coat the microneedles, different methods have been developed. Some coating methods achieve selective coating of just the microneedle shafts, whereas other methods coat not only microneedle shafts but also the array base substrate. Selective coating of just the microneedle shafts is more desirable since it provides control over drug dosage, prevents drug waste, and offers high delivery efficiency. Different excipients are added to the coating liquid to modulate its viscosity and surface tension in order to achieve uniform coatings on microneedles. Coated microneedles have been used in a broad range of biomedical applications. To highlight these different applications, a table summarizing the different active materials and the amounts coated on microneedles is provided. We also discuss factors that should be considered when deciding suitability of coated microneedles for new-drug delivery applications. In recent years, many coated microneedles have been investigated in human clinical trials, and there is now a strong effort to bring the first coated microneedle-based product to market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan S J Ingrole
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
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16
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Insertion-responsive microneedles for rapid intradermal delivery of canine influenza vaccine. J Control Release 2018; 286:460-466. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Liu Y, Ye L, Lin F, Gomaa Y, Flyer D, Carrion R, Patterson JL, Prausnitz MR, Smith G, Glenn G, Wu H, Compans RW, Yang C. Intradermal immunization by Ebola virus GP subunit vaccines using microneedle patches protects mice against lethal EBOV challenge. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11193. [PMID: 30046140 PMCID: PMC6060117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29135-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of a safe and efficacious filovirus vaccine is of high importance to public health. In this study, we compared immune responses induced by Ebola virus (EBOV) glycoprotein (GP) subunit vaccines via intradermal immunization with microneedle (MN) patches and the conventional intramuscular (IM) injection in mice, which showed that MN delivery of GP induced higher levels and longer lasting antibody responses against GP than IM injection. Further, we found that EBOV GP in formulation with a saponin-based adjuvant, Matrix-M, can be efficiently loaded onto MN patches. Co-delivery of Matrix-M with GP significantly enhanced induction of antibody responses by MN delivery, as also observed for IM injection. Results from challenge studies showed that all mice that received the GP/adjuvant formulation by MN or IM immunizations were protected from lethal EBOV challenge. Further, 4 out of 5 mice vaccinated by MN delivery of unadjuvanted GP also survived the challenge, whereas only 1 out of 5 mice vaccinated by IM injection of unadjuvanted GP survived the challenge. These results demonstrate that MN patch delivery of EBOV GP subunit vaccines, which is expected to enable improved safety and thermal stability, can confer effective protection against EBOV infection that is superior to IM vaccination.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/genetics
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibody Formation/immunology
- Ebola Vaccines/immunology
- Ebolavirus/immunology
- Ebolavirus/pathogenicity
- Glycoproteins/administration & dosage
- Glycoproteins/immunology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/genetics
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/immunology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/prevention & control
- Humans
- Immunization
- Injections, Intradermal
- Mice
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, Subunit/genetics
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences CAAS, Changchun, Jilin 130112, P. R. China
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ling Ye
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Fang Lin
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Central Laboratory, Tangdu Hospital at the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'An, 710038, China
| | - Yasmine Gomaa
- Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - David Flyer
- Novavax Inc., 20 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Ricardo Carrion
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Jean L Patterson
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Gale Smith
- Novavax Inc., 20 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Gregory Glenn
- Novavax Inc., 20 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Hua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences CAAS, Changchun, Jilin 130112, P. R. China
| | - Richard W Compans
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Chinglai Yang
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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18
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Zheng Z, Diaz-Arévalo D, Guan H, Zeng M. Noninvasive vaccination against infectious diseases. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:1717-1733. [PMID: 29624470 PMCID: PMC6067898 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1461296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of a successful vaccine, which should elicit a combination of humoral and cellular responses to control or prevent infections, is the first step in protecting against infectious diseases. A vaccine may protect against bacterial, fungal, parasitic, or viral infections in animal models, but to be effective in humans there are some issues that should be considered, such as the adjuvant, the route of vaccination, and the antigen-carrier system. While almost all licensed vaccines are injected such that inoculation is by far the most commonly used method, injection has several potential disadvantages, including pain, cross contamination, needlestick injury, under- or overdosing, and increased cost. It is also problematic for patients from rural areas of developing countries, who must travel to a hospital for vaccine administration. Noninvasive immunizations, including oral, intranasal, and transcutaneous administration of vaccines, can reduce or eliminate pain, reduce the cost of vaccinations, and increase their safety. Several preclinical and clinical studies as well as experience with licensed vaccines have demonstrated that noninvasive vaccine immunization activates cellular and humoral immunity, which protect against pathogen infections. Here we review the development of noninvasive immunization with vaccines based on live attenuated virus, recombinant adenovirus, inactivated virus, viral subunits, virus-like particles, DNA, RNA, and antigen expression in rice in preclinical and clinical studies. We predict that noninvasive vaccine administration will be more widely applied in the clinic in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Zheng
- a Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine , Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China.,b Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases , Department of Biomedical Sciences , Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso , El Paso , Texas , USA
| | - Diana Diaz-Arévalo
- c Grupo Funcional de Inmunología , Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia-FIDIC, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.A, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario , Bogotá , DC . Colombia
| | - Hongbing Guan
- a Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine , Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Mingtao Zeng
- a Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine , Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China.,b Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases , Department of Biomedical Sciences , Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso , El Paso , Texas , USA
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19
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Chen WC, Murawsky CM. Strategies for Generating Diverse Antibody Repertoires Using Transgenic Animals Expressing Human Antibodies. Front Immunol 2018; 9:460. [PMID: 29563917 PMCID: PMC5845867 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic molecules derived from antibodies have become a dominant class of drugs used to treat human disease. Increasingly, therapeutic antibodies are discovered using transgenic animal systems that have been engineered to express human antibodies. While the engineering details differ, these platforms share the ability to raise an immune response that is comprised of antibodies with fully human idiotypes. Although the predominant transgenic host species has been mouse, the genomes of rats, rabbits, chickens, and cows have also been modified to express human antibodies. The creation of transgenic animal platforms expressing human antibody repertoires has revolutionized therapeutic antibody drug discovery. The observation that the immune systems of these animals are able to recognize and respond to a wide range of therapeutically relevant human targets has led to a surge in antibody-derived drugs in current development. While the clinical success of fully human monoclonal antibodies derived from transgenic animals is well established, recent trends have seen increasingly stringent functional design goals and a shift in difficulty as the industry attempts to tackle the next generation of disease-associated targets. These challenges have been met with a number of novel approaches focused on the generation of large, high-quality, and diverse antibody repertoires. In this perspective, we describe some of the strategies and considerations we use for manipulating the immune systems of transgenic animal platforms (such as XenoMouse®) with a focus on maximizing the diversity of the primary response and steering the ensuing antibody repertoire toward a desired outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihsu C Chen
- Biologics Discovery, Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen British Columbia Inc., Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Christopher M Murawsky
- Biologics Discovery, Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen British Columbia Inc., Burnaby, BC, Canada
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20
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Inactivated rotavirus vaccine by parenteral administration induces mucosal immunity in mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:561. [PMID: 29330512 PMCID: PMC5766576 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18973-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To improve the safety and efficacy of oral rotavirus vaccines, we developed an inactivated rotavirus vaccine (IRV) for parenteral administration. Since it remains unknown whether parenteral vaccination can induce mucosal immunity, we performed a comprehensive assessment of immune responses to IRV in mice with an adjuvant-free dissolving polymer MN patch or by alum-adjuvanted IM injection. We demonstrated that IRV induced the expression of the gut homing receptor LPAM-1 on T and B cells in spleen and mLN of vaccinated mice. MN patch IRV vaccination induced a slight Th1 phenotype while IM vaccination induced a balanced Th1/Th2 phenotype. In addition, a dose-sparing effect was seen for rotavirus-specific serum IgG and neutralizing activity for both vaccination routes. Our study is the first to show that parenterally administered IRV can induce mucosal immunity in the gut, in addition to strong serum antibody response, and is a promising candidate vaccine in achieving global immunization against rotavirus.
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21
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Advances in novel influenza vaccines: a patent review. J Microbiol 2016; 54:403-12. [PMID: 27225456 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-016-6176-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The threat of a major human influenza pandemic such as the avian H5N1 or the 2009 new H1N1 has emphasized the need for effective prevention strategies to combat these pathogens. Although egg based influenza vaccines have been well established for a long time, it remains an ongoing public health need to develop alternative production methods that ensures improved safety, efficacy, and ease of administration compared with conventional influenza vaccines. This article is intended to cover some of the recent advances and related patents on the development of influenza vaccines including live attenuated, cell based, genomic and synthetic peptide vaccines.
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22
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Amante DH, Smith TRF, Mendoza JM, Schultheis K, McCoy JR, Khan AS, Sardesai NY, Broderick KE. Skin Transfection Patterns and Expression Kinetics of Electroporation-Enhanced Plasmid Delivery Using the CELLECTRA-3P, a Portable Next-Generation Dermal Electroporation Device. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2016. [PMID: 26222896 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2015.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The CELLECTRA-3P dermal electroporation device (Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA) has been evaluated in the clinic and shown to enhance the delivery of an influenza DNA vaccine. To understand the mechanism by which this device aids in enhancing the host immune response to DNA vaccines we investigated the expression kinetics and localization of a reporter plasmid (pGFP) delivered via the CELLECTRA-3P. Histological analysis revealed green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression as early as 1 hr posttreatment in the epidermal and dermal layers, and as early as 2 hr posttreatment in the subdermal layers. Immunofluorescence techniques identified keratinocytes, fibrocytes, dendritic-like cells, adipocytes, and myocytes as the principal cell populations transfected. We proceeded to demonstrate elicitation of robust host immune responses after plasmid DNA (pDNA) vaccination. In guinea pigs equivalent humoral (antibody binding titers) immune responses were observed between protocols using either CELLECTRA-3P or intramuscular electroporation to deliver the DNA vaccine. In nonhuman primates, robust interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot and protective levels of hemagglutination inhibition titers after pDNA vaccination were observed in groups treated with the CELLECTRA-3P. In conclusion, these findings may assist in the future to design efficient, tolerable DNA vaccination strategies for the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jay R McCoy
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals , Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania
| | - Amir S Khan
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals , Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania
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23
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Mooney K, McElnay JC, Donnelly RF. Paediatricians' opinions of microneedle-mediated monitoring: a key stage in the translation of microneedle technology from laboratory into clinical practice. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2016; 5:346-59. [PMID: 25787733 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-015-0223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microneedle (MN) arrays could offer an alternative method to traditional drug delivery and blood sampling methods. However, acceptance among key end-users is critical for new technologies to succeed. MNs have been advocated for use in children and so, paediatricians are key potential end-users. However, the opinions of paediatricians on MN use have been previously unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate the views of UK paediatricians on the use of MN technology within neonatal and paediatric care. An online survey was developed and distributed among UK paediatricians to gain their opinions of MN technology and its use in the neonatal and paediatric care settings, particularly for MN-mediated monitoring. A total of 145 responses were obtained, with a completion response rate of 13.7 %. Respondents believed an alternative monitoring technique to blood sampling in children was required. Furthermore, 83 % of paediatricians believed there was a particular need in premature neonates. Overall, this potential end-user group approved of the MN technology and a MN-mediated monitoring approach. Minimal pain and the perceived ease of use were important elements in gaining favour. Concerns included the need for confirmation of correct application and the potential for skin irritation. The findings of this study provide an initial indication of MN acceptability among a key potential end-user group. Furthermore, the concerns identified present a challenge to those working within the MN field to provide solutions to further improve this technology. The work strengthens the rationale behind MN technology and facilitates the translation of MN technology from lab bench into the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Mooney
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
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24
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Wang X, Wang N, Li N, Zhen Y, Wang T. Multifunctional particle-constituted microneedle arrays as cutaneous or mucosal vaccine adjuvant-delivery systems. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:2075-2089. [PMID: 27159879 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1158368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To overcome drawbacks of current injection vaccines, such as causing needle phobia, needing health professionals for inoculation, and generating dangerous sharps wastes, researchers have designed novel vaccines that are combined with various microneedle arrays (MAs), in particular, with the multifunctional particle-constructed MAs (MPMAs). MPMAs prove able to enhance vaccine stability through incorporating vaccine ingredients in the carrier, and can be painlessly inoculated by minimally trained workers or by self-administration, leaving behind no metal needle pollution while eliciting robust systemic and mucosal immunity to antigens, thanks to delivering vaccines to cutaneous or mucosal compartments enriched in professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Especially, MPMAs can be easily integrated with functional molecules fulfilling targeting vaccine delivery or controlling immune response toward a Th1 or Th2 pathway to generate desired immunity against pathogens. Herein, we introduce the latest research and development of various MPMAs which are a novel but promising vaccine adjuvant delivery system (VADS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Wang
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China
| | - Ning Wang
- b School of Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , China
| | - Ning Li
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhen
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China
| | - Ting Wang
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China
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25
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Marshall S, Sahm LJ, Moore AC. The success of microneedle-mediated vaccine delivery into skin. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:2975-2983. [PMID: 27050528 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1171440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microneedles (MNs) are designed to specifically target the outermost, skin barrier layer, the stratum corneum, creating transient pathways for minimally invasive transcutaneous delivery. It is reported that MNs can facilitate delivery without stimulating the pain receptors or damaging blood vessels that lie beneath, thus being perceived as painless and associated with reduced bleeding. This immunocompetence of the skin, coupled with its ease of access, makes this organ an attractive vaccination site. The purpose of this review was to collate primary scientific literature pertaining to MN-mediated in vivo vaccination programmes. A total of 62 original research articles are presented, compiling vaccination strategies in 6 different models (mouse, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, pig, macaque and human). Vaccines tested span a wide range of viral, bacterial and protozoan pathogens and includes 7 of the 13 vaccine-preventable diseases, as defined by the WHO. This review highlights the paucity of available clinical trial data. MN-delivered vaccines have demonstrated safety and immunogenicity in pre-clinical models and boast desirable attributes such as painless administration, thermostability, dose-sparing capacity and the potential for self-administration. These advantages should contribute to enhanced global vaccine access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Marshall
- a School of Pharmacy, University College Cork , Cork , Ireland
| | - Laura J Sahm
- a School of Pharmacy, University College Cork , Cork , Ireland.,b Department of Pharmacy , Mercy University Hospital , Cork , Ireland
| | - Anne C Moore
- a School of Pharmacy, University College Cork , Cork , Ireland.,c Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics , University College Cork , Cork , Ireland
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26
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Kim YC, Lee SH, Choi WH, Choi HJ, Goo TW, Lee JH, Quan FS. Microneedle delivery of trivalent influenza vaccine to the skin induces long-term cross-protection. J Drug Target 2016; 24:943-951. [PMID: 26957023 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2016.1159213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A painless self-immunization method with effective and broad cross-protection is urgently needed to prevent infections against newly emerging influenza viruses. In this study, we investigated the cross-protection efficacy of trivalent influenza vaccine containing inactivated A/PR/8/34 (H1N1), A/Hong Kong/68 (H3N2) and B/Lee/40 after skin vaccination using microneedle patches coated with this vaccine. Microneedle vaccination of mice in the skin provided 100% protection against lethal challenges with heterologous pandemic strain influenza A/California/04/09, heterogeneous A/Philippines/2/82 and B/Victoria/287 viruses 8 months after boost immunization. Cross-reactive serum IgG antibody responses against heterologous influenza viruses A/California/04/09, A/Philippines/2/82 and B/Victoria/287 were induced at high levels. Hemagglutination inhibition titers were also maintained at high levels against these heterogeneous viruses. Microneedle vaccination induced substantial levels of cross-reactive IgG antibody responses in the lung and cellular immune responses, as well as cross-reactive antibody-secreting plasma cells in the spleen. Viral loads in the lung were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced. All mice survived after viral challenges. These results indicate that skin vaccination with trivalent vaccine using a microneedle array could provide protection against seasonal epidemic or new pandemic strain of influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeu-Chun Kim
- a Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Su-Hwa Lee
- b Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Hyung Choi
- c Department of Medical Zoology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jick Choi
- d Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tae-Won Goo
- e Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine , Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Ju-Hie Lee
- f Department of Pathology, Kyung Hee University Medical Center , Seoul, Korea
| | - Fu-Shi Quan
- c Department of Medical Zoology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
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27
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Caucheteux SM, Mitchell JP, Ivory MO, Hirosue S, Hakobyan S, Dolton G, Ladell K, Miners K, Price DA, Kan-Mitchell J, Sewell AK, Nestle F, Moris A, Karoo RO, Birchall JC, Swartz MA, Hubbel JA, Blanchet FP, Piguet V. Polypropylene Sulfide Nanoparticle p24 Vaccine Promotes Dendritic Cell-Mediated Specific Immune Responses against HIV-1. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1172-1181. [PMID: 26896775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of vaccine formulations into the dermis using antigen-coated microneedle patches is a promising and safe approach because of efficient antigen delivery and safety. We evaluated an intradermal vaccine using HIV-1 p24 Gag peptide-conjugated polypropylene sulfide nanoparticles to induce immunity against HIV-1. This peptide-conjugated polypropylene sulfide nanoparticle formulation did not accelerate the maturation of blood- or skin-derived subsets of dendritic cells, either generated in vitro or purified ex vivo, despite efficient uptake in the absence of adjuvant. Moreover, dendritic cell-mediated capture of particulate antigen in this form induced potent HIV-1-specific CD4(+) T-cell responses, as well as B-cell-mediated antibody production. Nanoparticle-based intradermal antigen delivery may therefore provide a new option in the global effort to develop an effective vaccine against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan M Caucheteux
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - John P Mitchell
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Matthew O Ivory
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sachiko Hirosue
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Svetlana Hakobyan
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Garry Dolton
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kelly Miners
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - David A Price
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - June Kan-Mitchell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew K Sewell
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Frank Nestle
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Arnaud Moris
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections, F-75013, Paris, France
| | | | - James C Birchall
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Melody A Swartz
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Hubbel
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Fabien P Blanchet
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Vincent Piguet
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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28
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Foldvari M, Chen DW, Nafissi N, Calderon D, Narsineni L, Rafiee A. Non-viral gene therapy: Gains and challenges of non-invasive administration methods. J Control Release 2015; 240:165-190. [PMID: 26686079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy is becoming an influential part of the rapidly increasing armamentarium of biopharmaceuticals for improving health and combating diseases. Currently, three gene therapy treatments are approved by regulatory agencies. While these treatments utilize viral vectors, non-viral alternative technologies are also being developed to improve the safety profile and manufacturability of gene carrier formulations. We present an overview of gene-based therapies focusing on non-viral gene delivery systems and the genetic therapeutic tools that will further revolutionize medical treatment with primary focus on the range and development of non-invasive delivery systems for dermal, transdermal, ocular and pulmonary administrations and perspectives on other administration methods such as intranasal, oral, buccal, vaginal, rectal and otic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Foldvari
- School of Pharmacy, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Ding Wen Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Nafiseh Nafissi
- School of Pharmacy, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Daniella Calderon
- School of Pharmacy, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Lokesh Narsineni
- School of Pharmacy, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Amirreza Rafiee
- School of Pharmacy, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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29
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Chu LY, Ye L, Dong K, Compans RW, Yang C, Prausnitz MR. Enhanced Stability of Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Encapsulated in Dissolving Microneedle Patches. Pharm Res 2015; 33:868-78. [PMID: 26620313 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1833-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study tested the hypothesis that encapsulation of influenza vaccine in microneedle patches increases vaccine stability during storage at elevated temperature. METHODS Whole inactivated influenza virus vaccine (A/Puerto Rico/8/34) was formulated into dissolving microneedle patches and vaccine stability was evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays of antigenicity and immunogenicity after storage for up to 3 months at 4, 25, 37 and 45°C. RESULTS While liquid vaccine completely lost potency as determined by hemagglutination (HA) activity within 1-2 weeks outside of refrigeration, vaccine in microneedle patches lost 40-50% HA activity during or shortly after fabrication, but then had no significant additional loss of activity over 3 months of storage, independent of temperature. This level of stability required reduced humidity by packaging with desiccant, but was not affected by presence of oxygen. This finding was consistent with additional stability assays, including antigenicity of the vaccine measured by ELISA, virus particle morphological structure captured by transmission electron microscopy and protective immune responses by immunization of mice in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These data show that inactivated influenza vaccine encapsulated in dissolving microneedle patches has enhanced stability during extended storage at elevated temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Y Chu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Technology and Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA
| | - Ling Ye
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30329, USA
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30329, USA
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30329, USA
| | - Chinglai Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30329, USA
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Technology and Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA. .,School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA.
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30
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Jain NK, Sahni N, Kumru OS, Joshi SB, Volkin DB, Russell Middaugh C. Formulation and stabilization of recombinant protein based virus-like particle vaccines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 93:42-55. [PMID: 25451136 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine formulation development has traditionally focused on improving antigen storage stability and compatibility with conventional adjuvants. More recently, it has also provided an opportunity to modify the interaction and presentation of an antigen/adjuvant to the immune system to better stimulate the desired immune responses for maximal efficacy. In the last decade, there has been a paradigm shift in vaccine antigen and formulation design involving an improved physical understanding of antigens and a better understanding of the immune system. In addition, the discovery of novel adjuvants and delivery systems promises to further improve the design of new, more effective vaccines. Here we describe some of the fundamental aspects of formulation design applicable to virus-like-particle based vaccine antigens (VLPs). Case studies are presented for commercially approved VLP vaccines as well as some investigational VLP vaccine candidates. An emphasis is placed on the biophysical analysis of vaccines to facilitate formulation and stabilization of these particulate antigens.
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31
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Lee BY, Bartsch SM, Mvundura M, Jarrahian C, Zapf KM, Marinan K, Wateska AR, Snyder B, Swaminathan S, Jacoby E, Norman JJ, Prausnitz MR, Zehrung D. An economic model assessing the value of microneedle patch delivery of the seasonal influenza vaccine. Vaccine 2015; 33:4727-36. [PMID: 25772675 PMCID: PMC4623320 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New vaccine technologies may improve the acceptability, delivery (potentially enabling self-administration), and product efficacy of influenza vaccines. One such technology is the microneedle patch (MNP), a skin delivery technology currently in development. Although MNPs hold promise in preclinical studies, their potential economic and epidemiologic impacts have not yet been evaluated. METHODS We utilized a susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) transmission model linked to an economic influenza outcomes model to assess the economic value of introducing the MNP into the current influenza vaccine market in the United States from the third-party payer and societal perspectives. We also explored the impact of different vaccination settings, self-administration, the MNP price, vaccine efficacy, compliance, and MNP market share. Outcomes included costs, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), cases, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs; cost/QALY). RESULTS With healthcare provider administration, MNP introduction would be cost-effective (ICERs ≤$23,347/QALY) at all MNP price points ($9.50-$30) and market shares (10-60%) assessed, except when compliance and efficacy were assumed to be the same as existing vaccines and the MNP occupied a 10% market share. If MNP self-administration were available (assuming the same efficacy as current technologies), MNP compliance or its efficacy would need to increase by ≥3% in order to be cost-effective (ICERs ≤$1401/QALY), assuming a 2% reduction in administration success with unsupervised self-administration. Under these conditions, MNP introduction would be cost-effective for all price points and market shares assessed. CONCLUSIONS When healthcare providers administered the MNP, its introduction would be cost-effective or dominant (i.e., less costly and more effective) in the majority of scenarios assessed. If self-administration were available, MNP introduction would be cost-effective if it increased compliance enough to overcome any decrease in self-administration success or if the MNP presentation afforded an increase in efficacy over current delivery methods for influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Y Lee
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 855 N Wolfe Street, Suite 600, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
| | - Sarah M Bartsch
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 855 N Wolfe Street, Suite 600, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Mercy Mvundura
- PATH, 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA 98121, United States
| | | | - Kristina M Zapf
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 855 N Wolfe Street, Suite 600, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Kathleen Marinan
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 855 N Wolfe Street, Suite 600, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Angela R Wateska
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 855 N Wolfe Street, Suite 600, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Bill Snyder
- PATH, 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA 98121, United States
| | | | - Erica Jacoby
- PATH, 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA 98121, United States
| | - James J Norman
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Darin Zehrung
- PATH, 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA 98121, United States
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Opportunities and challenges in delivering influenza vaccine by microneedle patch. Vaccine 2015; 33:4699-704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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33
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Shakya AK, Gill HS. A comparative study of microneedle-based cutaneous immunization with other conventional routes to assess feasibility of microneedles for allergy immunotherapy. Vaccine 2015; 33:4060-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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34
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Bonificio A, Ghartey-Tagoe E, Gallorini S, Baudner B, Chen G, Singh P, O'Hagan DT, Kommareddy S. Fabrication of cell culture-derived influenza vaccine dissolvable microstructures and evaluation of immunogenicity in guinea pigs. Vaccine 2015; 33:2930-8. [PMID: 25930118 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Microstructure patches provide an opportunity for simple, effective, and safe vaccine administration, while achieving the desired immune response. We have evaluated the MicroCor transdermal system for cell culture-derived trivalent influenza vaccine administration. Influenza monovalent purified bulk vaccines (monobulks) (H1N1, H3N2, B) were concentrated by tangential flow filtration, lyophilized, and formulated with biocompatible excipients to form the microstructure array dissolvable tips. Standard single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) determined that the influenza antigens retained potency through the formulation and microstructure array fabrication processes. Array stability was evaluated for storage in both refrigerated and room temperature conditions. Microstructure mechanical strength was confirmed by application to excised pig skin, resulting in successful skin penetration and tip dissolution within 5 min of microstructure insertion. Guinea pigs immunized with influenza vaccine-loaded microstructures had hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) and IgG titers comparable to those obtained by intramuscular injection. After two immunizations, serum HI titers for all immunized groups were greater than 40 (>4-fold higher than the untreated group). These data demonstrate the feasibility for the development of skin delivery technologies that are compatible with cell culture-derived influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Guohua Chen
- Corium International, Inc., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | | | - Derek T O'Hagan
- Vaccines Research, Novartis Vaccines, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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35
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Kines RC, Zarnitsyn V, Johnson TR, Pang YYS, Corbett KS, Nicewonger JD, Gangopadhyay A, Chen M, Liu J, Prausnitz MR, Schiller JT, Graham BS. Vaccination with human papillomavirus pseudovirus-encapsidated plasmids targeted to skin using microneedles. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120797. [PMID: 25785935 PMCID: PMC4364728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papilloma virus-like particles (HPV VLP) serve as the basis of the current licensed vaccines for HPV. We have previously shown that encapsidation of DNA expressing the model antigen M/M2 from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in HPV pseudovirions (PsV) is immunogenic when delivered intravaginally. Because the HPV capsids confer tropism for basal epithelium, they represent attractive carriers for vaccination targeted to the skin using microneedles. In this study we asked: 1) whether HPV16 VLP administered by microneedles could induce protective immune responses to HPV16 and 2) whether HPV16 PsV-encapsidated plasmids delivered by microneedles could elicit immune responses to both HPV and the antigen delivered by the transgene. Mice immunized with HPV16 VLP coated microneedles generated robust neutralizing antibody responses and were protected from HPV16 challenge. Microneedle arrays coated with HPV16-M/M2 or HPV16-F protein (genes of RSV) were then tested and dose-dependent HPV and F-specific antibody responses were detected post-immunization, and M/M2-specific T-cell responses were detected post RSV challenge, respectively. HPV16 PsV-F immunized mice were fully protected from challenge with HPV16 PsV and had reduced RSV viral load in lung and nose upon intranasal RSV challenge. In summary, HPV16 PsV-encapsidated DNA delivered by microneedles induced neutralizing antibody responses against HPV and primed for antibody and T-cell responses to RSV antigens encoded by the encapsidated plasmids. Although the immunogenicity of the DNA component was just above the dose response threshold, the HPV-specific immunity was robust. Taken together, these data suggest microneedle delivery of lyophilized HPV PsV could provide a practical, thermostable combined vaccine approach that could be developed for clinical evaluation.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Cutaneous
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- DNA, Viral/immunology
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Genes, Reporter
- Human papillomavirus 16/drug effects
- Human papillomavirus 16/genetics
- Human papillomavirus 16/immunology
- Humans
- Luciferases/genetics
- Luciferases/metabolism
- Mice
- Microinjections
- Needles
- Papillomavirus Infections/immunology
- Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Papillomavirus Infections/virology
- Papillomavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Papillomavirus Vaccines/genetics
- Papillomavirus Vaccines/immunology
- Plasmids/administration & dosage
- Plasmids/genetics
- Plasmids/immunology
- Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/genetics
- Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/immunology
- Skin/immunology
- Transgenes
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/immunology
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/genetics
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/immunology
- Viral Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage
- Viral Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Viral Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Viral Matrix Proteins/administration & dosage
- Viral Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Viral Matrix Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda C. Kines
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vladimir Zarnitsyn
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Teresa R. Johnson
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yuk-Ying S. Pang
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kizzmekia S. Corbett
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John D. Nicewonger
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anu Gangopadhyay
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Man Chen
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jie Liu
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mark R. Prausnitz
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - John T. Schiller
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Barney S. Graham
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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36
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Xue P, Zhang X, Chuah YJ, Wu Y, Kang Y. Flexible PEGDA-based microneedle patches with detachable PVP–CD arrowheads for transdermal drug delivery. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra09329e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A polymer-based microneedle patch with drug-loaded and detachable arrowhead tips for transdermal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xue
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637459
- Singapore
| | - Xuyang Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637459
- Singapore
| | - Yon Jin Chuah
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637459
- Singapore
| | - Yafeng Wu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637459
- Singapore
| | - Yuejun Kang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637459
- Singapore
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37
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Mitragotri S, Burke PA, Langer R. Overcoming the challenges in administering biopharmaceuticals: formulation and delivery strategies. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2014; 13:655-72. [PMID: 25103255 PMCID: PMC4455970 DOI: 10.1038/nrd4363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1073] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The formulation and delivery of biopharmaceutical drugs, such as monoclonal antibodies and recombinant proteins, poses substantial challenges owing to their large size and susceptibility to degradation. In this Review we highlight recent advances in formulation and delivery strategies--such as the use of microsphere-based controlled-release technologies, protein modification methods that make use of polyethylene glycol and other polymers, and genetic manipulation of biopharmaceutical drugs--and discuss their advantages and limitations. We also highlight current and emerging delivery routes that provide an alternative to injection, including transdermal, oral and pulmonary delivery routes. In addition, the potential of targeted and intracellular protein delivery is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Mitragotri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Bioengineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 92106, USA
| | - Paul A Burke
- Burke Bioventures LLC, 277 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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38
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Hung IFN, Zhang AJ, To KKW, Chan JFW, Li C, Zhu HS, Li P, Li C, Chan TC, Cheng VCC, Chan KH, Yuen KY. Immunogenicity of intradermal trivalent influenza vaccine with topical imiquimod: a double blind randomized controlled trial. Clin Infect Dis 2014; 59:1246-55. [PMID: 25048848 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imiquimod, a synthetic Toll-like receptor 7 agonist enhanced immunogenicity of influenza vaccine in a mouse model. We hypothesized that topical imiquimod before intradermal influenza vaccination (TIV) would produce similar effect in human. METHODS We performed a prospective 1-year follow-up, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial with adults with comorbidities. Participants were randomized to 1 of the following 3 vaccinations: topical 5% 250 mg imiquimod ointment followed by intradermal TIV, topical aqueous-cream followed by intradermal TIV, or topical aqueous-cream followed by intramuscular TIV. Patients and investigators were blinded to the type of topical treatment applied. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and microneutralization antibody titers were measured. The primary outcome was the day 7 seroconversion rate. RESULTS Ninety-one recruited participants completed the study. The median age was 73 years. On day 7, 27/30 (90%) patients who received imiquimod and intradermal TIV achieved seroconversion against the H1N1 strain by HI, compared with 4/30 (13.3%) who received aqueous-cream and intramuscular TIV (P < .001), and 12/31 (38.7%) who received aqueous-cream and intradermal TIV (P < .001). The seroconversion, seroprotection, and geometric mean titer-fold increase were met in all 3 strains in the imiquimod and intradermal TIV group 2 weeks earlier, and the better seroconversion rate was sustained from day 7 to year 1 (P ≤ .001). The better immunogenicity was associated with fewer hospitalizations for influenza or pneumonia (P < .05). All adverse reactions were self-limited. CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment with topical imiquimod significantly expedited, augmented, and prolonged the immunogenicity of influenza vaccination. This strategy for influenza immunization should be considered for the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan F N Hung
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu's Centre for Infection and Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Anna J Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu's Centre for Infection and Division of Infectious Diseases
| | - Kelvin K W To
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu's Centre for Infection and Division of Infectious Diseases
| | - Jasper F W Chan
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu's Centre for Infection and Division of Infectious Diseases
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu's Centre for Infection and Division of Infectious Diseases
| | - Hou-Shun Zhu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Patrick Li
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu's Centre for Infection and Division of Infectious Diseases
| | - Clara Li
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu's Centre for Infection and Division of Infectious Diseases
| | - Tuen-Ching Chan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Vincent C C Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu's Centre for Infection and Division of Infectious Diseases
| | - Kwok-Hung Chan
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu's Centre for Infection and Division of Infectious Diseases
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu's Centre for Infection and Division of Infectious Diseases
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39
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Rattanapak T, Birchall JC, Young K, Kubo A, Fujimori S, Ishii M, Hook S. Dynamic visualization of dendritic cell-antigen interactions in the skin following transcutaneous immunization. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89503. [PMID: 24586830 PMCID: PMC3933627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivery of vaccines into the skin provides many advantages over traditional parenteral vaccination and is a promising approach due to the abundance of antigen presenting cells (APC) residing in the skin including Langerhans cells (LC) and dermal dendritic cells (DDC). However, the main obstacle for transcutaneous immunization (TCI) is the effective delivery of the vaccine through the stratum corneum (SC) barrier to the APC in the deeper skin layers. This study therefore utilized microneedles (MN) and a lipid-based colloidal delivery system (cubosomes) as a synergistic approach for the delivery of vaccines to APC in the skin. The process of vaccine uptake and recruitment by specific types of skin APC was investigated in real-time over 4 hours in B6.Cg-Tg (Itgax-EYFP) 1 Mnz/J mice by two-photon microscopy. Incorporation of the vaccine into a particulate delivery system and the use of MN preferentially increased vaccine antigen uptake by a highly motile subpopulation of skin APC known as CD207⁺ DC. No uptake of antigen or any response to immunisation by LC could be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James C Birchall
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Young
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Atsuko Kubo
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sayumi Fujimori
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences and Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sarah Hook
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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40
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Skountzou I, Compans RW. Skin immunization with influenza vaccines. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2014; 386:343-69. [PMID: 25038939 DOI: 10.1007/82_2014_407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Problems with existing influenza vaccines include the strain specificity of the immune response, resulting in the need for frequent reformulation in response to viral antigenic drift. Even in years when the same influenza strains are prevalent, the duration of immunity is limited, and results in the need for annual revaccination. The immunogenicity of the present split or subunit vaccines is also lower than that observed with whole inactivated virus, and the vaccines are not very effective in high risk groups such as the young or the elderly. Vaccine coverage is incomplete, due in part to concerns about the use of hypodermic needles for delivery. Alternative approaches for vaccination are being developed which address many of these concerns. Here we review new approaches which focus on skin immunization, including the development of needle-free delivery systems which use stable dry formulations and induce stronger and longer-lasting immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Skountzou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, CNR Building, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA,
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41
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Suh H, Shin J, Kim YC. Microneedle patches for vaccine delivery. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2013; 3:42-9. [PMID: 24427762 PMCID: PMC3890449 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2014.3.1.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In today's medical industry, the range of vaccines that exist for administration in humans represents an eclectic variety of forms and immunologic mechanisms. Namely, these are the live attenuated viruses, inactivated viruses, subunit proteins, and virus-like particles for treating virus-caused diseases, as well as the bacterial-based polysaccharide, protein, and conjugated vaccines. Currently, a new approach to vaccination is being investigated with the concept of DNA vaccines. As an alternative delivery route to enhance the vaccination efficacy, microneedles have been devised to target the rich network of immunologic antigen-presenting cells in the dermis and epidermis layers under the skin. Numerous studies have outlined the parameters of microneedle delivery of a wide range of vaccines, revealing comparable or higher immunogenicity to conventional intramuscular routes, overall level of stability, and dose-sparing advantages. Furthermore, recent mechanism studies have begun to successfully elucidate the biological mechanisms behind microneedle vaccination. This paper describes the current status of microneedle vaccine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemee Suh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Juhyung Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yeu-Chun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
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42
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Mooney K, McElnay JC, Donnelly RF. Children&s views on microneedle use as an alternative to blood sampling for patient monitoring. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2013; 22:335-44. [DOI: 10.1111/ijpp.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
To explore children's views on microneedle use for this population, particularly as an alternative approach to blood sampling, in monitoring applications, and so, examine the acceptability of this approach to children.
Methods
Focus groups were conducted with children (aged 10–14 years) in a range of schools across Northern Ireland. Convenience sampling was employed, i.e. children involved in a university-directed community-outreach project (Pharmacists in Schools) were recruited.
Key findings
A total of 86 children participated in 13 focus groups across seven schools in Northern Ireland. A widespread disapproval for blood sampling was evident, with pain, blood and traditional needle visualisation particularly unpopular aspects. In general, microneedles had greater visual acceptability and caused less fear. A patch-based design enabled minimal patient awareness of the monitoring procedure, with personalised designs, e.g. cartoon themes, favoured. Children's concerns included possible allergy and potential inaccuracies with this novel approach; however, many had confidence in the judgement of healthcare professionals if deeming this technique appropriate. They considered paediatric patient education critical for acceptance of this new approach and called for an alternative name, without any reference to ‘needles’.
Conclusions
The findings presented here support the development of blood-free, minimally invasive techniques and provide an initial indication of microneedle acceptability in children, particularly for monitoring purposes. A proactive response to these unique insights should enable microneedle array design to better meet the needs of this end-user group. Further work in this area is recommended to ascertain the perspectives of a purposive sample of children with chronic conditions who require regular monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Mooney
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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43
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Rattanapak T, Birchall J, Young K, Ishii M, Meglinski I, Rades T, Hook S. Transcutaneous immunization using microneedles and cubosomes: Mechanistic investigations using Optical Coherence Tomography and Two-Photon Microscopy. J Control Release 2013; 172:894-903. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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44
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Mendoza JM, Amante DH, Kichaev G, Knott CL, Kiosses WB, Smith TRF, Sardesai NY, Broderick KE. Elucidating the Kinetics of Expression and Immune Cell Infiltration Resulting from Plasmid Gene Delivery Enhanced by Surface Dermal Electroporation. Vaccines (Basel) 2013; 1:384-97. [PMID: 26344120 PMCID: PMC4494224 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines1030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is an attractive tissue for vaccination in a clinical setting due to the accessibility of the target, the ease of monitoring and most importantly the immune competent nature of the dermal tissue. While skin electroporation offers an exciting and novel future methodology for the delivery of DNA vaccines in the clinic, little is known about the actual mechanism of the approach and the elucidation of the resulting immune responses. To further understand the mechanism of this platform, the expression kinetics and localization of a reporter plasmid delivered via a surface dermal electroporation (SEP) device as well as the effect that this treatment would have on the resident immune cells in that tissue was investigated. Initially a time course (day 0 to day 21) of enhanced gene delivery with electroporation (EP) was performed to observe the localization of green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression and the kinetics of its appearance as well as clearance. Using gross imaging, GFP expression was not detected on the surface of the skin until 8 h post treatment. However, histological analysis by fluorescent microscopy revealed GFP positive cells as early as 1 h after plasmid delivery and electroporation. Peak GFP expression was observed at 24 h and the expression was maintained in skin for up to seven days. Using an antibody specific for a keratinocyte cell surface marker, reporter gene positive keratinocytes in the epidermis were identified. H&E staining of treated skin sections demonstrated an influx of monocytes and granulocytes at the EP site starting at 4 h and persisting up to day 14 post treatment. Immunological staining revealed a significant migration of lymphocytic cells to the EP site, congregating around cells expressing the delivered antigen. In conclusion, this study provides insights into the expression kinetics following EP enhanced DNA delivery targeting the dermal space. These findings may have implications in the future to design efficient DNA vaccination strategies for the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janess M Mendoza
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., 1787 Sentry Parkway West, Building 18, Suite 400, Blue Bell, PA 19422, USA
| | - Dinah H Amante
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., 1787 Sentry Parkway West, Building 18, Suite 400, Blue Bell, PA 19422, USA
| | - Gleb Kichaev
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., 1787 Sentry Parkway West, Building 18, Suite 400, Blue Bell, PA 19422, USA
| | - Christine L Knott
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., 1787 Sentry Parkway West, Building 18, Suite 400, Blue Bell, PA 19422, USA
| | - William B Kiosses
- The Scripps Research Institute, Core Microscopy Facility, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Trevor R F Smith
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., 1787 Sentry Parkway West, Building 18, Suite 400, Blue Bell, PA 19422, USA
| | - Niranjan Y Sardesai
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., 1787 Sentry Parkway West, Building 18, Suite 400, Blue Bell, PA 19422, USA
| | - Kate E Broderick
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., 1787 Sentry Parkway West, Building 18, Suite 400, Blue Bell, PA 19422, USA.
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45
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Long-term protective immunity from an influenza virus-like particle vaccine administered with a microneedle patch. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2013; 20:1433-9. [PMID: 23863506 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00251-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Skin vaccination with influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) using microneedles has been shown to induce protection similar to or better than that induced by intramuscular immunization. In this study, we examined the long-term protective efficacy of influenza (H1N1 A/PR/8/34) VLPs after skin vaccination using microneedle patches coated with the vaccine. Microneedle vaccination of mice in the skin induced 100% protection against lethal challenge infection with influenza A/PR/8/34 virus 14 months after a single vaccine dose. Influenza virus-specific total IgG response and hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titers were maintained at high levels for over 1 year after microneedle vaccination. Microneedle vaccination also induced substantial levels of lung IgG and IgA antibody responses, and antibody-secreting plasma cells from spleen and bone marrow, as well as conferring effective control of lung viral loads, resulting in complete protection 14 months after vaccination. These strong and long-lasting immune responses were enabled in part by stabilization of the vaccine by formulation with trehalose during microneedle patch fabrication. Administration of the stabilized vaccine using microneedles was especially effective at enabling strong recall responses measured 4 days after lethal virus challenge, including increased HAI and antibody-secreting cells in the spleen and reduced viral titer and inflammatory response in the lung. The results in this study indicate that skin vaccination with VLP vaccine using a microneedle patch provides long-term protection against influenza in mice.
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46
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Lee DH, Bae SW, Park JK, Kwon JH, Yuk SS, Song JM, Kang SM, Kwon YK, Kim HY, Song CS. Virus-like particle vaccine protects against H3N2 canine influenza virus in dog. Vaccine 2013; 31:3268-73. [PMID: 23707159 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, virus-like particles (VLPs) were evaluated as a candidate veterinary vaccine against canine influenza virus (CIV) subtype H3N2. Specific pathogen-free (SPF) beagle dogs received a single injection of a VLP vaccine containing hemagglutinin (HA) and M1 protein of CIV H3N2 (H3 HA VLP). The vaccine was tested at 3 different doses with an adjuvant and 1 dose without an adjuvant. To evaluate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the H3 HA VLP vaccine, we performed hemagglutination inhibition tests to determine serological immune responses and conducted challenge studies using SPF beagle dogs. The addition of Montanide ISA 25 adjuvant significantly increased the immunogenicity of the H3 HA VLP vaccine. The experimental infection study showed that a single dose of H3 HA VLP vaccine induced protection against wild-type virus challenge in dogs. These results provide support for continued development of the VLP as an animal vaccine against influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hun Lee
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
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47
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Kim YC, Park JH, Prausnitz MR. Microneedles for drug and vaccine delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1547-68. [PMID: 22575858 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1002] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microneedles were first conceptualized for drug delivery many decades ago, but only became the subject of significant research starting in the mid-1990's when microfabrication technology enabled their manufacture as (i) solid microneedles for skin pretreatment to increase skin permeability, (ii) microneedles coated with drug that dissolves off in the skin, (iii) polymer microneedles that encapsulate drug and fully dissolve in the skin and (iv) hollow microneedles for drug infusion into the skin. As shown in more than 350 papers now published in the field, microneedles have been used to deliver a broad range of different low molecular weight drugs, biotherapeutics and vaccines, including published human studies with a number of small-molecule and protein drugs and vaccines. Influenza vaccination using a hollow microneedle is in widespread clinical use and a number of solid microneedle products are sold for cosmetic purposes. In addition to applications in the skin, microneedles have also been adapted for delivery of bioactives into the eye and into cells. Successful application of microneedles depends on device function that facilitates microneedle insertion and possible infusion into skin, skin recovery after microneedle removal, and drug stability during manufacturing, storage and delivery, and on patient outcomes, including lack of pain, skin irritation and skin infection, in addition to drug efficacy and safety. Building off a strong technology base and multiple demonstrations of successful drug delivery, microneedles are poised to advance further into clinical practice to enable better pharmaceutical therapies, vaccination and other applications.
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48
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Kang SM, Song JM, Kim YC. Microneedle and mucosal delivery of influenza vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2012; 11:547-60. [PMID: 22697052 DOI: 10.1586/erv.12.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years with the threat of pandemic influenza and other public health needs, alternative vaccination methods other than intramuscular immunization have received great attention. The skin and mucosal surfaces are attractive sites probably because of both noninvasive access to the vaccine delivery and unique immunological responses. Intradermal vaccines using a microinjection system (BD Soluvia(TM)) and intranasal vaccines (FluMist®) are licensed. As a new vaccination method, solid microneedles have been developed using a simple device that may be suitable for self-administration. Because coated microneedle influenza vaccines are administered in the solid state, developing formulations maintaining the stability of influenza vaccines is an important issue to be considered. Marketable microneedle devices and clinical trials remain to be developed. Other alternative mucosal routes such as oral and intranasal delivery systems are also attractive for inducing cross-protective mucosal immunity, but effective non-live mucosal vaccines remain to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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49
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Song JM, Kim YC, O E, Compans RW, Prausnitz MR, Kang SM. DNA vaccination in the skin using microneedles improves protection against influenza. Mol Ther 2012; 20:1472-80. [PMID: 22508490 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2012.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we tested the hypothesis that DNA vaccination in the skin using microneedles improves protective immunity compared to conventional intramuscular (i.m.) injection of a plasmid DNA vaccine encoding the influenza hemagglutinin (HA). In vivo fluorescence imaging demonstrated the expression of a reporter gene delivered to the skin using a solid microneedle patch coated with plasmid DNA. Vaccination at a low dose (3 µg HA DNA) using microneedles generated significantly stronger humoral immune responses and better protective responses post-challenge compared to i.m. vaccination at either low or high (10 µg HA DNA) dose. Vaccination using microneedles at a high (10 µg) dose further generated improved post-challenge protection, as measured by survival, recall antibody-secreting cell responses in spleen and bone marrow, and interferon (IFN)-γ cytokine T-cell responses. This study demonstrates that DNA vaccination in the skin using microneedles induces higher humoral and cellular immune responses as well as improves protective immunity compared to conventional i.m. injection of HA DNA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Song
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
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50
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Pearton M, Saller V, Coulman SA, Gateley C, Anstey AV, Zarnitsyn V, Birchall JC. Microneedle delivery of plasmid DNA to living human skin: Formulation coating, skin insertion and gene expression. J Control Release 2012; 160:561-9. [PMID: 22516089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Microneedle delivery of nucleic acids, in particular plasmid DNA (pDNA), to the skin represents a potential new approach for the clinical management of genetic skin diseases and cutaneous cancers, and for intracutaneous genetic immunisation. In this study excised human skin explants were used to investigate and optimise key parameters that will determine stable and effective microneedle-facilitated pDNA delivery. These include (i) high dose-loading of pDNA onto microneedle surfaces, (ii) stability and functionality of the coated pDNA, (iii) skin penetration capability of pDNA-coated microneedles, and (iv) efficient gene expression in human skin. Optimisation of a dip-coating method enabled significant increases in the loading capacity, up to 100μg of pDNA per 5-microneedle array. Coated microneedles were able to reproducibly perforate human skin at low (<1N) insertion forces. The physical stability of the coated pDNA was partially compromised on storage, although this was improved through the addition of saccharide excipients without detriment to the biological functionality of pDNA. The pDNA-coated microneedles facilitated reporter gene expression in viable human skin. The efficiency of gene expression from coated microneedles will depend upon suitable DNA loading, efficient and reproducible skin puncture and rapid in situ dissolution of the plasmid at the site of delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Pearton
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK
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