1
|
Mahmoud AH, Abdellrazeq GS, Franceschi V, Schneider DA, Bannantine JP, Fry LM, Hulubei V, De Matteis G, Park KT, Minesso S, Davis WC, Donofrio G. Vaccination of cattle with a virus vector vaccine against a major membrane protein of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis elicits CD8 cytotoxic T cells that kill intracellular bacteria. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2024; 275:110814. [PMID: 39142123 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Analysis of the recall response ex vivo in cattle vaccinated with a Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) rel deletion mutant revealed the immune response was directed toward a 35 kD major membrane protein (MMP) of Map. Antigen presenting cells (APC) primed with MMP elicited expansion of CD8 cytotoxic memory T cells (CTL) with ability to kill intracellular bacteria. Development of CTL was MHC-restricted. The gene MAP2121c, encoding MMP, was modified for expression of MMP (tPA-MMP-2mut) in a mammalian cell line to explore the potential of developing MMP as a vaccine. Ex vivo stimulation of PBMC, from Map free cattle, with APC primed with tPA-MMP-2mut expressed p35 elicited a primary CD8 CTL response comparable to the recall response elicited with PBMC from cattle vaccinated with either the Maprel deletion mutant or MMP. In the present study, the modified gene for MMP, now referred to as p35NN, was placed into a bovine herpes virus-4 (BoHV4) vector to determine the potential use of BoHV-4AΔTK-p35NN as a peptide-based vaccine. Subcutaneous vaccination of healthy cattle with BoHV-4AΔTK-p35NN elicited a CTL recall response, as detected ex vivo. The results show use of a virus vector is an effective way for delivery of MMP as a vaccine. The immunogenic activity of MMP was not lost when modified for expression in mammalian cells. The next step is to conduct a field trial to determine if presence of an immune response to MMP prevents Map from establishing an infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa H Mahmoud
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Gaber S Abdellrazeq
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | | | - David A Schneider
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA; Animal Disease Research Unit, ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA, USA
| | | | - Lindsay M Fry
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA; Animal Disease Research Unit, ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Victoria Hulubei
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Giovanna De Matteis
- CREA-Council for Agricultural Research and Economics Research - Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Monterotondo 00015, Italy
| | - Kun Taek Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Inje University, Gishie, Republic of Korea
| | - Sergio Minesso
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - William C Davis
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - Gaetano Donofrio
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shringi S, O’Toole D, Cole E, Baker KN, White SN, Donofrio G, Li H, Cunha CW. OvHV-2 Glycoprotein B Delivered by a Recombinant BoHV-4 Is Immunogenic and Induces Partial Protection against Sheep-Associated Malignant Catarrhal Fever in a Rabbit Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9020090. [PMID: 33530566 PMCID: PMC7911203 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficacious vaccine for sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF) is important for the livestock industry. Research towards SA-MCF vaccine development is hindered by the absence of culture systems to propagate the causative agent, ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2), which means its genome cannot be experimentally modified to generate an attenuated vaccine strain. Alternative approaches for vaccine development are needed to deliver OvHV-2 antigens. Bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) has been evaluated as a vaccine vector for several viral antigens with promising results. In this study, we genetically engineered BoHV-4 to express OvHV-2 glycoprotein B (gB) and evaluated its efficacy as an SA-MCF vaccine using a rabbit model. The construction of a viable recombinant virus (BoHV-4-AΔTK-OvHV-2-gB) and confirmation of OvHV-2 gB expression were performed in vitro. The immunization of rabbits with BoHV-4-AΔTK-OvHV-2-gB elicited strong humoral responses to OvHV-2 gB, including neutralizing antibodies. Following intra-nasal challenge with a lethal dose of OvHV-2, 42.9% of the OvHV-2 gB vaccinated rabbits were protected against SA-MCF, while all rabbits in the mock-vaccinated group succumbed to SA-MCF. Overall, OvHV-2 gB delivered by the recombinant BoHV-4 was immunogenic and partly protective against SA-MCF in rabbits. These are promising results towards an SA-MCF vaccine; however, improvements are needed to increase protection rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Shringi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (S.S.); (E.C.); (K.N.B.); (S.N.W.)
| | - Donal O’Toole
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82070, USA;
| | - Emily Cole
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (S.S.); (E.C.); (K.N.B.); (S.N.W.)
| | - Katherine N. Baker
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (S.S.); (E.C.); (K.N.B.); (S.N.W.)
| | - Stephen N. White
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (S.S.); (E.C.); (K.N.B.); (S.N.W.)
- Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
- Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Gaetano Donofrio
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Cristina W. Cunha
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (S.S.); (E.C.); (K.N.B.); (S.N.W.)
- Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Viral Vector Vaccines against Bluetongue Virus. Microorganisms 2020; 9:microorganisms9010042. [PMID: 33375723 PMCID: PMC7823852 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bluetongue virus (BTV), the prototype member of the genus Orbivirus (family Reoviridae), is the causative agent of an important livestock disease, bluetongue (BT), which is transmitted via biting midges of the genus Culicoides. To date, up to 29 serotypes of BTV have been described, which are classified as classical (BTV 1–24) or atypical (serotypes 25–27), and its distribution has been expanding since 1998, with important outbreaks in the Mediterranean Basin and devastating incursions in Northern and Western Europe. Classical vaccine approaches, such as live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines, have been used as prophylactic measures to control BT through the years. However, these vaccine approaches fail to address important matters like vaccine safety profile, effectiveness, induction of a cross-protective immune response among serotypes, and implementation of a DIVA (differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals) strategy. In this context, a wide range of recombinant vaccine prototypes against BTV, ranging from subunit vaccines to recombinant viral vector vaccines, have been investigated. This article offers a comprehensive outline of the live viral vectors used against BTV.
Collapse
|
4
|
Marchica V, Franceschi V, Vescovini R, Storti P, Vicario E, Toscani D, Zorzoli A, Airoldi I, Dalla Palma B, Campanini N, Martella E, Mancini C, Costa F, Donofrio G, Giuliani N. Bovine pestivirus is a new alternative virus for multiple myeloma oncolytic virotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:89. [PMID: 32653014 PMCID: PMC7353805 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00919-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oncolytic viruses have shown promising results for the treatment of multiple myeloma. However, the use of human viruses is limited by the patients' antiviral immune response. In this study, we investigated an alternative oncolytic strategy using non-human pathogen viruses as the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) that were able to interact with CD46. METHODS We treated several human myeloma cell lines and non-myeloma cell lines with BVDV to evaluate the expression of CD46 and to study the effect on cell viability by flow cytometry. The possible synergistic effect of bortezomib in combination with BVDV was also tested. Moreover, we infected the bone marrow mononuclear cells obtained from myeloma patients and we checked the BVDV effect on different cell populations, defined by CD138, CD14, CD3, CD19, and CD56 expression evaluated by flow cytometry. Finally, the in vivo BVDV effect was tested in NOD-SCID mice injected subcutaneously with myeloma cell lines. RESULTS Human myeloma cells were selectively sensitive to BVDV treatment with an increase of cell death and, consequently, of apoptotic markers. Consistently, bone marrow mononuclear cells isolated from myeloma patients treated with BVDV, showed a significant selective decrease of the percentage of viable CD138+ cells. Interestingly, bortezomib pre-treatment significantly increased the cytotoxic effect of BVDV in myeloma cell lines with a synergistic effect. Finally, the in vitro data were confirmed in an in vivo myeloma mouse model showing that BVDV treatment significantly reduced the tumoral burden compared to the vehicle. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our data indicate, for the first time, a direct oncolytic effect of the BVDV in human myeloma cells suggesting its possible use as novel alternative anti-myeloma virotherapy strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rosanna Vescovini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Storti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Emanuela Vicario
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Denise Toscani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessia Zorzoli
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, IRCCS "Istituto Giannina Gaslini", Genoa, Italy
| | - Irma Airoldi
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, IRCCS "Istituto Giannina Gaslini", Genoa, Italy
| | - Benedetta Dalla Palma
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Hematology, "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma", Parma, Italy
| | | | - Eugenia Martella
- Pathology, "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma", Parma, Italy
| | - Cristina Mancini
- Pathology, "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma", Parma, Italy
| | - Federica Costa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gaetano Donofrio
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Nicola Giuliani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
- Hematology, "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma", Parma, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pedrera M, Macchi F, McLean RK, Franceschi V, Thakur N, Russo L, Medfai L, Todd S, Tchilian EZ, Audonnet JC, Chappell K, Isaacs A, Watterson D, Young PR, Marsh GA, Bailey D, Graham SP, Donofrio G. Bovine Herpesvirus-4-Vectored Delivery of Nipah Virus Glycoproteins Enhances T Cell Immunogenicity in Pigs. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010115. [PMID: 32131403 PMCID: PMC7157636 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) is an emergent pathogen capable of causing acute respiratory illness and fatal encephalitis in pigs and humans. A high fatality rate and broad host tropism makes NiV a serious public and animal health concern. There is therefore an urgent need for a NiV vaccines to protect animals and humans. In this study we investigated the immunogenicity of bovine herpesvirus (BoHV-4) vectors expressing either NiV attachment (G) or fusion (F) glycoproteins, BoHV-4-A-CMV-NiV-GΔTK or BoHV-4-A-CMV-NiV-FΔTK, respectively in pigs. The vaccines were benchmarked against a canarypox (ALVAC) vector expressing NiV G, previously demonstrated to induce protective immunity in pigs. Both BoHV-4 vectors induced robust antigen-specific antibody responses. BoHV-4-A-CMV-NiV-GΔTK stimulated NiV-neutralizing antibody titers comparable to ALVAC NiV G and greater than those induced by BoHV-4-A-CMV-NiV-FΔTK. In contrast, only BoHV-4-A-CMV-NiV-FΔTK immunized pigs had antibodies capable of significantly neutralizing NiV G and F-mediated cell fusion. All three vectored vaccines evoked antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses, which were particularly strong in BoHV-4-A-CMV-NiV-GΔTK immunized pigs and to a lesser extent BoHV-4-A-CMV-NiV-FΔTK. These findings emphasize the potential of BoHV-4 vectors for inducing antibody and cell-mediated immunity in pigs and provide a solid basis for the further evaluation of these vectored NiV vaccine candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Pedrera
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UK; (M.P.); (R.K.M.); (N.T.); (L.M.); (E.Z.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Francesca Macchi
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.M.); (V.F.); (L.R.)
| | - Rebecca K. McLean
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UK; (M.P.); (R.K.M.); (N.T.); (L.M.); (E.Z.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Valentina Franceschi
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.M.); (V.F.); (L.R.)
| | - Nazia Thakur
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UK; (M.P.); (R.K.M.); (N.T.); (L.M.); (E.Z.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Luca Russo
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.M.); (V.F.); (L.R.)
| | - Lobna Medfai
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UK; (M.P.); (R.K.M.); (N.T.); (L.M.); (E.Z.T.); (D.B.)
- UnivLyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Shawn Todd
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria 3219, Australia; (S.T.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Elma Z. Tchilian
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UK; (M.P.); (R.K.M.); (N.T.); (L.M.); (E.Z.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Jean-Christophe Audonnet
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Bâtiment 700 R&D, 813 Cours du 3ème Millénaire, 69800 Saint Priest, France;
| | - Keith Chappell
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; (K.C.); (A.I.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Ariel Isaacs
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; (K.C.); (A.I.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Daniel Watterson
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; (K.C.); (A.I.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Paul R. Young
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; (K.C.); (A.I.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Glenn A. Marsh
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria 3219, Australia; (S.T.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Dalan Bailey
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UK; (M.P.); (R.K.M.); (N.T.); (L.M.); (E.Z.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Simon P. Graham
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UK; (M.P.); (R.K.M.); (N.T.); (L.M.); (E.Z.T.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence: (S.P.G.); (G.D.)
| | - Gaetano Donofrio
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.M.); (V.F.); (L.R.)
- Correspondence: (S.P.G.); (G.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kamel M, El-Sayed A. Utilization of herpesviridae as recombinant viral vectors in vaccine development against animal pathogens. Virus Res 2019; 270:197648. [PMID: 31279828 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the past few decades, numerous viral species have been generated as vaccine vectors. Every viral vector has its own distinct characteristics. For example, the family herpesviridae encompasses several viruses that have medical and veterinary importance. Attenuated herpesviruses are developed as vectors to convey heterologous immunogens targeting several serious and crucial pathogens. Some of these vectors have already been licensed for use in the veterinary field. One of their prominent features is their capability to accommodate large amount of foreign DNA, and to stimulate both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. A better understanding of vector-host interaction builds up a robust foundation for the future development of herpesviruses-based vectors. At the time, many molecular tools are applied to enable the generation of herpesvirus-based recombinant vaccine vectors such as BAC technology, homologous and two-step en passant mutagenesis, codon optimization, and the CRISPR/Cas9 system. This review article highlights the most important techniques applied in constructing recombinant herpesviruses vectors, advantages and disadvantages of each recombinant herpesvirus vector, and the most recent research regarding their use to control major animal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Kamel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Amr El-Sayed
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
A recombinant bovine herpesvirus-4 vectored vaccine delivered via intranasal nebulization elicits viral neutralizing antibody titers in cattle. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215605. [PMID: 31002724 PMCID: PMC6474629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant herpesvirus vaccine vectors offer distinct advantages in next-generation vaccine development, primarily due to the ability to establish persistent infections to provide sustainable antigen responses in the host. Recombinant bovine herpesvirus-4 (BoHV-4) has been previously shown to elicit protective immunity in model laboratory animal species against a variety of pathogens. For the first time, we describe the induction of antigen-specific immune responses to two delivered antigens in the host species after intranasal nebulization of recombinant BoHV-4 expressing the chimeric peptide containing the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) glycoprotein E2 and the bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) glycoprotein D (BoHV-4-A-CMV-IgK-gE2gD-TM). In this study, four cattle were immunized via intranasal nebulization with the recombinant BoHV-4 construct. Two of the cattle were previously infected with wild-type BoHV-4, and both developed detectable serologic responses to BVDV and BoHV-1. All four immunized cattle developed detectable viral neutralizing antibody responses to BVDV, and one steer developed a transient viral neutralizing response to BoHV-1. Approximately one year after immunization, immunosuppressive doses of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone were administered intravenously to all four cattle. Within two weeks of immunosuppression, all animals developed viral neutralizing antibody responses to BoHV-1, and all animals maintained BVDV viral neutralizing capacity. Overall, nebulization of BoHV-4-A-CMV-IgK-gE2gD-TM persistently infects cattle, is capable of eliciting antigen-specific immunity following immunization, including in the presence of pre-existing BoHV-4 immunity, and recrudescence of the virus boosts the immune response to BoHV-4-vectored antigens. These results indicate that BoHV-4 is a viable and attractive vaccine delivery platform for use in cattle.
Collapse
|
8
|
Donofrio G, Tebaldi G, Lanzardo S, Ruiu R, Bolli E, Ballatore A, Rolih V, Macchi F, Conti L, Cavallo F. Bovine herpesvirus 4-based vector delivering the full length xCT DNA efficiently protects mice from mammary cancer metastases by targeting cancer stem cells. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1494108. [PMID: 30524888 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1494108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite marked advancements in its treatment, breast cancer is still the second leading cause of cancer death in women, due to relapses and distal metastases. Breast cancer stem cells (CSCs), are a cellular reservoir for recurrence, metastatic evolution and disease progression, making the development of novel therapeutics that target CSCs, and thereby inhibit metastases, an urgent need. We have previously demonstrated that the cystine-glutamate antiporter xCT (SLC7A11), a protein that was shown to be overexpressed in mammary CSCs and that plays a key role in the maintenance of their redox balance, self-renewal and resistance to chemotherapy, is a potential target for mammary cancer immunotherapy. This paper reports on the development of an anti-xCT viral vaccine that is based on the bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) vector, which we have previously showed to be a safe vaccine that can transduce cells in vivo and confer immunogenicity to tumor antigens. We show that the vaccination of BALB/c mice with BoHV-4 expressing xCT (BoHV-4-mxCT), impaired lung metastases induced by syngeneic mammary CSCs both in preventive and therapeutic settings. Vaccination induced T lymphocyte activation and the production of anti-xCT antibodies that can mediate antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC), and directly impair CSC phenotype, self-renewal and redox balance. Our findings pave the way for the potential future use of BoHV-4-based vector targeting xCT in metastatic breast cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Donofrio
- Department of Medical Veterinary Science, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Tebaldi
- Department of Medical Veterinary Science, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefania Lanzardo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Roberto Ruiu
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bolli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballatore
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Valeria Rolih
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Macchi
- Department of Medical Veterinary Science, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Conti
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Cavallo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Macchi F, Rojas JM, Verna AE, Sevilla N, Franceschi V, Tebaldi G, Cavirani S, Martín V, Donofrio G. Bovine Herpesvirus-4-Based Vector Delivering Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus Hemagglutinin ORF Induces both Neutralizing Antibodies and Cytotoxic T Cell Responses. Front Immunol 2018; 9:421. [PMID: 29556236 PMCID: PMC5845008 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus (PPRV) is an extremely infective morbillivirus that primarily affects goats and sheep. In underdeveloped countries where livestock are the main economical resource, PPRV causes considerable economic losses. Protective live attenuated vaccines are currently available but they induce antibody responses similar to those produced in PPRV naturally infected animals. Effective vaccines able to distinguish between vaccinated and naturally infected animals are required to PPRV control and eradication programs. Hemagglutinin (H) is a highly immunogenic PPRV envelope glycoprotein displaying both hemagglutinin and neuraminidase activities, playing a crucial role in virus attachment and penetration. In this study, a recombinant Bovine Herpesvirus-4 (BoHV-4)-based vector delivering an optimized PPRV-Hemagglutinin expression cassette, BoHV-4-A-PPRV-H-ΔTK, was assessed in immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice. BoHV-4-A-PPRV-H-ΔTK-immunization elicited both cellular and humoral immune responses with specific T cell, cytotoxic T lymphocyte, and sero-neutralizing antibody against PPRV. These data suggest recombinant BoHV-4-A-PPRV-H-ΔTK as an effective vaccine candidate to protect against PPRV herd infection and potentially applicable for eradication programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Macchi
- Department of Medical Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - José Manuel Rojas
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Noemí Sevilla
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Giulia Tebaldi
- Department of Medical Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Sandro Cavirani
- Department of Medical Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Verónica Martín
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gaetano Donofrio
- Department of Medical Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Verna AE, Franceschi V, Tebaldi G, Macchi F, Menozzi V, Pastori C, Lopalco L, Ottonello S, Cavirani S, Donofrio G. Induction of Antihuman C-C Chemokine Receptor Type 5 Antibodies by a Bovine Herpesvirus Type-4 Based Vector. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1402. [PMID: 29118763 PMCID: PMC5660961 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) is a promising vector for the delivery and intracellular expression of recombinant antigens and can thus be considered as a new prototype vaccine formulation system. An interesting, and actively pursued, antigen in the context of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection prophylaxis (and therapy) is the C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) co-receptor, whose blockage by specific antibodies has been shown to inhibit both viral entry and cell-to-cell transmission of the virus. Building on our previous work on the BoHV-4 vector system, we have engineered and tested a replication-competent derivative of BoHV-4 (BoHV-4-CMV-hCCR5ΔTK) bearing a human CCR5 (hCCR5) expression cassette. We show here that CCR5 is indeed expressed at high levels in multiple types of BoHV-4-CMV-hCCR5ΔTK-infected cells. More importantly, two intravenous inoculations of CCR5-expressing BoHV-4 virions into rabbits led to the production of anti-CCR5 antibodies capable of reacting with the CCR5 receptor exposed on the surface of HEK293T cells through specific recognition of the amino-terminal region (aa 14-34) of the protein. Given the growing interest for anti-CCR5 immunization as an HIV control strategy and the many advantages of virus-based immunogen formulations (especially for poorly immunogenic or self-antigens), the results reported in this study provide preliminary validation of BoHV-4 as a safe viral vector suitable for CCR5 vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giulia Tebaldi
- Department of Medical Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Macchi
- Department of Medical Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Valentina Menozzi
- Department of Medical Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Claudia Pastori
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Lopalco
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Ottonello
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Protein Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Sandro Cavirani
- Department of Medical Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gaetano Donofrio
- Department of Medical Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rosamilia A, Jacca S, Tebaldi G, Tiberti S, Franceschi V, Macchi F, Cavirani S, Kobinger G, Knowles DP, Donofrio G. BoHV-4-based vector delivering Ebola virus surface glycoprotein. J Transl Med 2016; 14:325. [PMID: 27881138 PMCID: PMC5122150 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ebola virus (EBOV) is a Category A pathogen that is a member of Filoviridae family that causes hemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates. Unpredictable and devastating outbreaks of disease have recently occurred in Africa and current immunoprophylaxis and therapies are limited. The main limitation of working with pathogens like EBOV is the need for costly containment. To potentiate further and wider opportunity for EBOV prophylactics and therapies development, innovative approaches are necessary. Methods In the present study, an antigen delivery platform based on a recombinant bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4), delivering a synthetic EBOV glycoprotein (GP) gene sequence, BoHV-4-syEBOVgD106ΔTK, was generated. Results EBOV GP was abundantly expressed by BoHV-4-syEBOVgD106ΔTK transduced cells without decreasing viral replication. BoHV-4-syEBOVgD106ΔTK immunized goats produced high titers of anti-EBOV GP antibodies and conferred a long lasting (up to 6 months), detectable antibody response. Furthermore, no evidence of BoHV-4-syEBOVgD106ΔTK viremia and secondary localization was detected in any of the immunized animals. Conclusions The BoHV-4-based vector approach described here, represents: an alternative antigen delivery system for vaccination and a proof of principle study for anti-EBOV antibodies generation in goats for potential immunotherapy applications. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-1084-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Rosamilia
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Sarah Jacca
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Tebaldi
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Tiberti
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Valentina Franceschi
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Macchi
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Sandro Cavirani
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Gary Kobinger
- Special Pathogens Program, University of Manitoba and Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Donald P Knowles
- Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, and Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Gaetano Donofrio
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jacca S, Rolih V, Quaglino E, Franceschi V, Tebaldi G, Bolli E, Rosamilia A, Ottonello S, Cavallo F, Donofrio G. Bovine herpesvirus 4-based vector delivering a hybrid rat/human HER-2 oncoantigen efficiently protects mice from autochthonous Her-2 + mammary cancer. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1082705. [PMID: 27141335 PMCID: PMC4839386 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1082705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) oncogene is a major target for the immunotherapy of breast cancer. Following up to the therapeutic success achieved with Her-2-targeting monoclonal antibodies, immune-prophylactic approaches directed against Her-2 have also been investigated taking into account, and trying to overcome, Her-2 self-tolerance. Perhaps due to safety (and efficacy) concerns, the least explored anti-Her-2 active immunization strategy so far has been the one relying on viral-vectored vaccine formulations. Taking advantage of the favorable properties of bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) in terms of safety and ease of manipulation as well as its previously documented ability to transduce and confer immunogenicity to heterologous antigens, we tested the ability of different recombinant HER-2-BoHV-4 immunogens to 8break tolerance and elicit a protective, anti-mammary tumor antibody response in HER-2 transgenic BALB-neuT mice. All the tested constructs expressed the HER-2 transgenes at high levels and elicited significant cellular immune responses in BALB/c mice upon administration via either DNA vaccination or viral infection. In BALB-neuT mice, instead, only the viral construct expressing the membrane-bound chimeric form of Her-2 protein (BoHV-4-RHuT-gD) elicited a humoral immune response that was more intense and earlier-appearing than that induced by DNA vaccination. In keeping with this observation, two administrations of BoHV-4-RHuT-gD effectively protected BALB-neuT mice from tumor formation, with 50% of vaccinated animals tumor-free after 30 weeks from immunization compared to 100% of animals exhibiting at least one palpable tumor in the case of animals vaccinated with the other BoHV-4-HER-2 constructs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jacca
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma , Parma, Italy
| | - Valeria Rolih
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino , Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Quaglino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino , Torino, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Tebaldi
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma , Parma, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bolli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino , Torino, Italy
| | - Alfonso Rosamilia
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma , Parma, Italy
| | - Simone Ottonello
- Department of Life Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, University of Parma , Parma, Italy
| | - Federica Cavallo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino , Torino, Italy
| | - Gaetano Donofrio
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma , Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Franceschi V, Capocefalo A, Jacca S, Rosamilia A, Cavirani S, Xu F, Qiao W, Donofrio G. BoHV-4 immediate early 1 gene is a dispensable gene and its product is not a bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 counteracting factor. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:224. [PMID: 26307352 PMCID: PMC4549876 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0540-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) is a gammaherpesvirus whose genome was cloned as Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) and exploited as a gene delivery vector for vaccine purposes. Although BoHV-4 genome has been completely sequenced and its open reading frames (ORFs) structurally defined in silico, most of them are not functionally characterized. In BoHV-4 genome two major immediate early genes (IE) are present, IE1 and IE2. IE2 is an essential gene because its removal from the viral genome renders the virus unable to replicate, whereas for IE1 no many functional information are available. RESULTS In this work, IE1 contribution in initiating and maintaining BoHV-4 lytic replication was assessed generating a recombinant BoHV-4 genome lacking of IE1 gene, BoHV-4ΔIE1. In contrast to BoHV-4IE2 deleted mutant, BoHV-4ΔIE1 infectious replicating viral particles (IRVPs) could be reconstituted following viral DNA electroporation in permissive cells. However the titer of BoHV-4ΔIE1 IRVPs produced into the cell supernatant and BoHV-4ΔIE1 plaques size were reduced respect to BoHV-4 undeleted control. Further the impaired BoHV-4ΔIE1 IRVPs produced into the cell supernatant could be rescued by expressing IE1 gene product in trans, confirming the implication of IE1 in BoHV-4 lytic replication. Next, the possible role of BoHV-4IE1 as bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST-2) counteracting factor, as hypothesized by IE1 amino-terminal gene product homology with Kaposi Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) K5, was excluded too. CONCLUSIONS Although the real function of BoHV-4IE1 is still elusive, a new BoHV-4 genome gene locus as a target site for the insertion of foreign DNA and resulting in the attenuation of the virus has been revealed. These data can be considered of relevance to improve BoHV-4 gene delivery properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Franceschi
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Antonio Capocefalo
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Sarah Jacca
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Alfonso Rosamilia
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Sandro Cavirani
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Fengwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Wentao Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Gaetano Donofrio
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Franceschi V, Parker S, Jacca S, Crump RW, Doronin K, Hembrador E, Pompilio D, Tebaldi G, Estep RD, Wong SW, Buller MR, Donofrio G. BoHV-4-Based Vector Single Heterologous Antigen Delivery Protects STAT1(-/-) Mice from Monkeypoxvirus Lethal Challenge. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003850. [PMID: 26086739 PMCID: PMC4473039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is the etiological agent of human (MPX). It is an emerging orthopoxvirus zoonosis in the tropical rain forest of Africa and is endemic in the Congo-basin and sporadic in West Africa; it remains a tropical neglected disease of persons in impoverished rural areas. Interaction of the human population with wildlife increases human infection with MPX virus (MPXV), and infection from human to human is possible. Smallpox vaccination provides good cross-protection against MPX; however, the vaccination campaign ended in Africa in 1980, meaning that a large proportion of the population is currently unprotected against MPXV infection. Disease control hinges on deterring zoonotic exposure to the virus and, barring that, interrupting person-to-person spread. However, there are no FDA-approved therapies against MPX, and current vaccines are limited due to safety concerns. For this reason, new studies on pathogenesis, prophylaxis and therapeutics are still of great interest, not only for the scientific community but also for the governments concerned that MPXV could be used as a bioterror agent. In the present study, a new vaccination strategy approach based on three recombinant bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) vectors, each expressing different MPXV glycoproteins, A29L, M1R and B6R were investigated in terms of protection from a lethal MPXV challenge in STAT1 knockout mice. BoHV-4-A-CMV-A29LgD106ΔTK, BoHV-4-A-EF1α-M1RgD106ΔTK and BoHV-4-A-EF1α-B6RgD106ΔTK were successfully constructed by recombineering, and their capacity to express their transgene was demonstrated. A small challenge study was performed, and all three recombinant BoHV-4 appeared safe (no weight-loss or obvious adverse events) following intraperitoneal administration. Further, BoHV-4-A-EF1α-M1RgD106ΔTK alone or in combination with BoHV-4-A-CMV-A29LgD106ΔTK and BoHV-4-A-EF1α-B6RgD106ΔTK, was shown to be able to protect, 100% alone and 80% in combination, STAT1(-/-) mice against mortality and morbidity. This work demonstrated the efficacy of BoHV-4 based vectors and the use of BoHV-4 as a vaccine-vector platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott Parker
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Sarah Jacca
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ryan W. Crump
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Konstantin Doronin
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Edguardo Hembrador
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Daniela Pompilio
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Tebaldi
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ryan D. Estep
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Scott W. Wong
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Mark R. Buller
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Gaetano Donofrio
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Morán PE, Pérez SE, Odeón AC, Verna AE. [Bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4): general aspects of the biology and status in Argentina]. Rev Argent Microbiol 2015; 47:155-66. [PMID: 25962539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) has been isolated from cattle with respiratory infections, vulvovaginitis, mastitis, abortions, endometritis and from apparently healthy animals throughout the world. Although it has not yet been established as causal agent of a specific disease entity, it is primarily associated with reproductive disorders of cattle. This virus can infect a wide range of species, either in vivo or in vitro. Two groups of prototype strains were originated from the first isolates: the DN599-type strains (American group) and the Movar-type strains (European group). In Argentina, BoHV-4 was isolated and characterized in 2007 from vaginal discharge samples taken from cows that had aborted. So far, more than 40 isolates, mainly associated with aborting bovine females have been registered in our country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro E Morán
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Tandil, Argentina.
| | - Sandra E Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Tandil, Argentina; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Anselmo C Odeón
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Laboratorio de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Balcarce, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Andrea E Verna
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Laboratorio de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Balcarce, Balcarce, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Franceschi V, Jacca S, Sassu EL, Stellari FF, van Santen VL, Donofrio G. Generation and characterization of the first immortalized alpaca cell line suitable for diagnostic and immunization studies. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105643. [PMID: 25140515 PMCID: PMC4139384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Raising of alpacas as exotic livestock for wool and meat production and as companion animals is growing in importance in the United States, Europe and Australia. Furthermore the alpaca, as well as the rest of the camelids, possesses the peculiarity of producing single-chain antibodies from which nanobodies can be generated. Nanobodies, due to their structural simplicity and reduced size, are very versatile in terms of manipulation and bio-therapeutic exploitation. In fact the biotech companies involved in nanobody production and application continue to grow in number and size. Hence, the development of reagents and tools to assist in the further growth of this new scientific and entrepreneurial reality is becoming a necessity. These are needed mainly to address alpaca disease diagnosis and prophylaxis, and to develop alpaca immunization strategies for nanobody generation. For instance an immortalized alpaca cell line would be extremely valuable. In the present work the first stabilized alpaca cell line from alpaca skin stromal cells (ASSCs) was generated and characterized. This cell line was shown to be suitable for replication of viruses bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine viral diarrhea virus and caprine herpesvirus-1 and the endocellular parasite Neospora caninum. Moreover ASSCs were easy to transfect and transduce by several methods. These two latter characteristics are extremely useful when recombinant antigens need to be produced in a host homologous system. This work could be considered as a starting point for the expansion of the biotechnologies linked to alpaca farming and industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Jacca
- Department of Medical Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Elena L. Sassu
- Department of Medical Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio F. Stellari
- Department of Medical Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Vicky L. van Santen
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Gaetano Donofrio
- Department of Medical Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Due to its biological characteristics bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) has been considered as an appropriate gene delivery vector. Its genomic clone, modified as a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC), is better genetically manipulable and can be used as an efficient gene delivery and vaccine vector. Although a large amount of data have been accumulated in vitro on this specific aspect, the same cannot be asserted for the in vivo condition. Therefore, here we investigated the fate of a recombinant BoHV-4 strain expressing luciferase (BoHV-4-A-CMVlucΔTK) after intraperitoneal or intravenous inoculation in mice, by generating a novel recombinant BoHV-4 expressing luciferase (BoHV-4-A-CMVlucΔTK) and by following the virus replication through in vivo imaging analysis. BoHV-4-A-CMVlucΔTK was first characterized in vitro where it was shown, on one hand that its replication properties are identical to those of the parental virus, and on the other that the transduced/infected cells strongly express luciferase. When BoHV-4-A-CMVlucΔTK was inoculated in mice, either intraperitoneally or intravenously, BoHV-4-A-CMVlucΔTK infection/transduction was exclusively localized to the liver, as detected by in vivo image analysis, and in particular almost exclusively in the hepatocytes, as determined by immuno-histochemistry. These data, that add a new insight on the biology of BoHV-4 in vivo, provide the first indication for the potential use of a BoHV-4-based vector in gene-transfer in the liver.
Collapse
|
18
|
Capocefalo A, Mangia C, Franceschi V, Jacca S, van Santen VL, Donofrio G. Efficient heterologous antigen gene delivery and expression by a replication-attenuated BoHV-4-based vaccine vector. Vaccine 2013; 31:3906-14. [PMID: 23830977 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Bovine Herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) is a gammaherpesvirus belonging to the Rhadinovirus genus and due to its biological characteristics has been proposed as a vaccine vector for veterinary vaccines. Because viral vector-associated risk is a major concern for viral vector applications, attenuation is a desirable feature. Therefore, efforts are directed toward the development of highly attenuated viral vectors. BoHV-4 naturally exhibits limited pathogenicity and a further attenuation, in terms of replication, was obtained by disrupting the late gene encoding the 1.7-kb polyadenylated RNA (L1.7). An L1.7 deleted mutant BoHV-4 (BoHV-4-A-KanaGalKΔL1.7), as well as its revertant (BoHV-4-A-Rev), was generated by homologous recombination from the genome of a BoHV-4 isolate (BoHV-4-A) cloned as a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC). BoHV-4-A-KanaGalKΔL1.7 showed attenuation in terms of competence to reconstitute infectious virus, viral replication, and plaque size when compared to BoHV-4-A, BoHV-4-A-Rev, and BoHV-4-A-KanaGalKΔTK, a recombinant control virus where the KanaGalK selectable marker was inserted into the thymidine kinase open reading frame. The capability of BoHV-4-A-KanaGalKΔL1.7 to deliver and express a heterologous antigen was investigated by replacing the KanaGalK cassette with a vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSVg) expression cassette to generate BoHV-4-A-EF1αVSVgΔL1.7. BoHV-4-A-EF1αVSVgΔL1.7 infected cells robustly expressed VSVg, thus confirming that the replication deficiency resulting from L1.7 disruption did not prevent heterologous gene delivery and expression. Although further work is needed to identify the specific function of the BoHV-4 L1.7 gene, the L1.7 gene may represent an ideal targeting locus for the integration of a heterologous antigen expression cassette, resulting in attenuation of the viral vector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Capocefalo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Donofrio G, Franceschi V, Lovero A, Capocefalo A, Camero M, Losurdo M, Cavirani S, Marinaro M, Grandolfo E, Buonavoglia C, Tempesta M. Clinical protection of goats against CpHV-1 induced genital disease with a BoHV-4-based vector expressing CpHV-1 gD. PLoS One 2013; 8:e52758. [PMID: 23300989 PMCID: PMC3536792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Caprine herpesvirus type 1 (CpHV-1) is an alphaherpesvirus causing genital disease leading to abortion in adult pregnant goats and a systemic disease with high morbility and mortality in kids. Further, Caprine herpesvirus 1 infection represents a valuable large animal model for human herpesvirus induced genital disease, exploitable for pathogenic studies, new vaccines and antiviral molecules testing. Here, the bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) based vector derived from an apathogenic isolate of BoHV-4 and expressing the immunodominant CpHV-1 glycoprotein D (BoHV-4-A-gD(cp)gD(106)ΔTK) was constructed and its ability to protect goats against CpHV-1 induced genital disease evaluated. The subcutaneous route of recombinant BoHV-4 administration was first tested in vivo/ex vivo by in vivo image analysis and in vitro by goat skin primary cultures preparation and transduction. Next, an exploratory immunization and safety study in goats was performed with two recombinant BoHV4, BoHV-4-A-gD(cp)gD(106)ΔTK or BoHV-4-CMV-IgK-gE2gD-TM. In both cases no clinical signs were evident but a good titer of serum neutralizing antibodies was produced in all inoculated animals. When a challenge experiment was performed in a new group of animals using a highly pathogenic dose of CpHV-1, all the vaccinated goats with BoHV-4-A-gD(cp)gD(106)ΔTK were protected toward CpHV-1 induced genital disease respect to the unvaccinated control which showed typical vaginal lesions with a high grade of clinical score as well as a long lasting viral shedding. In summary, the data acquired in the present study validate BoHV-4-based vector as a safe and effective viral vector for goat vaccination against CpHV-1 induced genital disease and pave the way for further applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Donofrio
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Redaelli M, Franceschi V, Capocefalo A, D'Avella D, Denaro L, Cavirani S, Mucignat-Caretta C, Donofrio G. Herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase-armed bovine herpesvirus type 4-based vector displays enhanced oncolytic properties in immunocompetent orthotopic syngenic mouse and rat glioma models. Neuro Oncol 2012; 14:288-301. [PMID: 22228853 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nor219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are devastating tumors of the brain resistant to therapies. Although some therapies can prolong the survival time among the affected persons, gliomas are not curable and new therapeutic approaches need to be investigated. Oncolytic viruses seem to represent an interesting alternative, because anticancer agents and new viral agents have to be explored to identify the one with the best characteristics. Bovine herpesvirus type 4 (BoHV-4) is a gammaherpesvirus with a striking tropism and permissive replication toward cancer cells and rat, mouse, and human glioma cells. However, BoHV-4 does not replicate into the normal brain parenchyma. The BoHV-4 genome was cloned as a bacterial artificial chromosome to easily manipulate this large genome and be used as a viral vector platform. In the present study, a herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase suicide gene-armed BoHV-4 was constructed, characterized, and proven to be highly efficient in killing by apoptosis glioma cells in vitro when co-administered with the pro-drug ganciclovir (GCV). When the armed BoHV-4/GCV therapeutic approach was tested in immunocompetent orthotopic syngenic mouse and rat glioma models in vivo, a significant increase in survival among the treated animals was achieved, and some animals were completely cured. The BoHV-4-based vector represents a promising alternative oncolytic virus for glioma and, perhaps, other types of cancer treatment that merit further investigation. This article represents the result of a mutual interaction between human medical science and veterinary science, a combination of scientific knowledge often neglected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Redaelli
- Dipartimento di Salute Animale, Sezione di Malattie Infettive degli Animali, Università di Parma, via del Taglio 8-43126 Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Franceschi V, Capocefalo A, Calvo-Pinilla E, Redaelli M, Mucignat-Caretta C, Mertens P, Ortego J, Donofrio G. Immunization of knock-out α/β interferon receptor mice against lethal bluetongue infection with a BoHV-4-based vector expressing BTV-8 VP2 antigen. Vaccine 2011; 29:3074-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
22
|
Donofrio G, Taddei S, Franceschi V, Capocefalo A, Cavirani S, Martinelli N, Ottonello S, Ferrari M. Swine adipose stromal cells loaded with recombinant bovine herpesvirus 4 virions expressing a foreign antigen induce potent humoral immune responses in pigs. Vaccine 2010; 29:867-72. [PMID: 21115049 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Increasingly effective vaccination strategies are needed to counteract the high incidence of contagious diseases associated with intensive swine breeding. Recombinant viral vaccines are a promising new avenue in this direction. Key features of viral vectors suitable for immunoprophylaxis are safety, ease of manipulation and the ability to replicate in a variety of hosts. Most of the above requirements are met by bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4), a non-pathogenic dsDNA virus capable of infecting a broad range of cell types in vitro. Here we report the results of an exploratory study using an engineered BoHV-4 virus (eBoHV-4) expressing two unrelated glycoprotein antigens from bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), to assess the potential of recombinant BoHV-4 as a self-adjuvanted immunogen in pigs. Free eBoHV-4 virions and virions preloaded into homologous swine adipose-derived stromal cells (SADSC) were tested. Neither virus formulation elicited neutralizing anti-BoHV-4 antibodies, nor any disease symptom, yet both induced specific immune responses against the heterologous antigens. However, a much earlier (18 vs 28 days post-infection) and more robust neutralizing response against BVDV and BoHV-1 viruses was elicited by eBoHV-4-preinfected SADSCs compared to free virions. The data validate BoHV-4 as a safe and effective heterologous antigen carrier/producer and identify SADSCs as helpful tools for the formulation of increasingly efficacious recombinant immunogens for pig vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Donofrio
- Dipartimento di Salute Animale, Università di Parma, Sezione di Malattie Infettive degli Animali, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|