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Kamel M, El-Sayed A. Utilization of herpesviridae as recombinant viral vectors in vaccine development against animal pathogens. Virus Res 2019; 270:197648. [PMID: 31279828 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the past few decades, numerous viral species have been generated as vaccine vectors. Every viral vector has its own distinct characteristics. For example, the family herpesviridae encompasses several viruses that have medical and veterinary importance. Attenuated herpesviruses are developed as vectors to convey heterologous immunogens targeting several serious and crucial pathogens. Some of these vectors have already been licensed for use in the veterinary field. One of their prominent features is their capability to accommodate large amount of foreign DNA, and to stimulate both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. A better understanding of vector-host interaction builds up a robust foundation for the future development of herpesviruses-based vectors. At the time, many molecular tools are applied to enable the generation of herpesvirus-based recombinant vaccine vectors such as BAC technology, homologous and two-step en passant mutagenesis, codon optimization, and the CRISPR/Cas9 system. This review article highlights the most important techniques applied in constructing recombinant herpesviruses vectors, advantages and disadvantages of each recombinant herpesvirus vector, and the most recent research regarding their use to control major animal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Kamel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Amr El-Sayed
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Emmerling VV, Pegel A, Milian EG, Venereo-Sanchez A, Kunz M, Wegele J, Kamen AA, Kochanek S, Hoerer M. Rational plasmid design and bioprocess optimization to enhance recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) productivity in mammalian cells. Biotechnol J 2015; 11:290-7. [PMID: 26284700 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Viral vectors used for gene and oncolytic therapy belong to the most promising biological products for future therapeutics. Clinical success of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) based therapies raises considerable demand for viral vectors, which cannot be met by current manufacturing strategies. Addressing existing bottlenecks, we improved a plasmid system termed rep/cap split packaging and designed a minimal plasmid encoding adenoviral helper function. Plasmid modifications led to a 12-fold increase in rAAV vector titers compared to the widely used pDG standard system. Evaluation of different production approaches revealed superiority of processes based on anchorage- and serum-dependent HEK293T cells, exhibiting about 15-fold higher specific and volumetric productivity compared to well-established suspension cells cultivated in serum-free medium. As for most other viral vectors, classical stirred-tank bioreactor production is thus still not capable of providing drug product of sufficient amount. We show that manufacturing strategies employing classical surface-providing culture systems can be successfully transferred to the new fully-controlled, single-use bioreactor system Integrity(TM) iCELLis(TM) . In summary, we demonstrate substantial bioprocess optimizations leading to more efficient and scalable production processes suggesting a promising way for flexible large-scale rAAV manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena V Emmerling
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. .,Development, Rentschler Biotechnologie GmbH, Laupheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
| | - Antje Pegel
- Development, Rentschler Biotechnologie GmbH, Laupheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Ernest G Milian
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alina Venereo-Sanchez
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marion Kunz
- Development, Rentschler Biotechnologie GmbH, Laupheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Jessica Wegele
- Development, Rentschler Biotechnologie GmbH, Laupheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Amine A Kamen
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stefan Kochanek
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Markus Hoerer
- Development, Rentschler Biotechnologie GmbH, Laupheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
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