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Senthil Kumar S, Johnson MDL, Wilson JE. Insights into the enigma of oral streptococci in carcinogenesis. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2024; 88:e0009523. [PMID: 38506551 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00095-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYThe genus Streptococcus consists of a taxonomically diverse group of Gram-positive bacteria that have earned significant scientific interest due to their physiological and pathogenic characteristics. Within the genus Streptococcus, viridans group streptococci (VGS) play a significant role in the oral ecosystem, constituting approximately 80% of the oral biofilm. Their primary role as pioneering colonizers in the oral cavity with multifaceted interactions like adherence, metabolic signaling, and quorum sensing contributes significantly to the complex dynamics of the oral biofilm, thus shaping oral health and disease outcomes. Perturbations in oral streptococci composition drive oral dysbiosis and therefore impact host-pathogen interactions, resulting in oral inflammation and representing VGS as an opportunistic pathogen. The association of oral streptococci in tumors across distant organs, spanning the esophagus, stomach, pancreas, and colon, illuminates a potential association between oral streptococci, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. This finding emphasizes the need for further investigations into the role of oral streptococci in mucosal homeostasis and their involvement in carcinogenesis. Hence, here, we review the significance of oral streptococci in biofilm dynamics and how the perturbation may impact mucosal immunopathogenesis in the context of cancer, with a vision of exploiting oral streptococci for cancer intervention and for the development of non-invasive cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Senthil Kumar
- Department of Immunobiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Michael D L Johnson
- Department of Immunobiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Valley Fever Center for Excellence, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Justin E Wilson
- Department of Immunobiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Harris-Jones TN, Chan JM, Hackett KT, Weyand NJ, Schaub RE, Dillard JP. Peptidoglycan fragment release and NOD activation by commensal Neisseria species from humans and other animals. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0000424. [PMID: 38563734 PMCID: PMC11075463 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00004-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a human restricted pathogen, releases inflammatory peptidoglycan (PG) fragments that contribute to the pathophysiology of pelvic inflammatory disease. The genus Neisseria is also home to multiple species of human- or animal-associated Neisseria that form part of the normal microbiota. Here we characterized PG release from the human-associated nonpathogenic species Neisseria lactamica and Neisseria mucosa and animal-associated Neisseria from macaques and wild mice. An N. mucosa strain and an N. lactamica strain were found to release limited amounts of the proinflammatory monomeric PG fragments. However, a single amino acid difference in the PG fragment permease AmpG resulted in increased PG fragment release in a second N. lactamica strain examined. Neisseria isolated from macaques also showed substantial release of PG monomers. The mouse colonizer Neisseria musculi exhibited PG fragment release similar to that seen in N. gonorrhoeae with PG monomers being the predominant fragments released. All the human-associated species were able to stimulate NOD1 and NOD2 responses. N. musculi was a poor inducer of mouse NOD1, but ldcA mutation increased this response. The ability to genetically manipulate N. musculi and examine effects of different PG fragments or differing amounts of PG fragments during mouse colonization will lead to a better understanding of the roles of PG in Neisseria infections. Overall, we found that only some nonpathogenic Neisseria have diminished release of proinflammatory PG fragments, and there are differences even within a species as to types and amounts of PG fragments released.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany N. Harris-Jones
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jia Mun Chan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kathleen T. Hackett
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nathan J. Weyand
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Ryan E. Schaub
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Joseph P. Dillard
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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3
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Sulyanto RM, Beall CJ, Ha K, Montesano J, Juang J, Dickson JR, Hashmi SB, Bradbury S, Leys EJ, Edgerton M, Ho SP, Griffen AL. Fungi and bacteria occupy distinct spatial niches within carious dentin. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011865. [PMID: 38805482 PMCID: PMC11161102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of bacteria in the etiology of dental caries is long established, while the role of fungi has only recently gained more attention. The microbial invasion of dentin in advanced caries especially merits additional research. We evaluated the fungal and bacterial community composition and spatial distribution within carious dentin. Amplicon 16S rRNA gene sequencing together with quantitative PCR was used to profile bacterial and fungal species in caries-free children (n = 43) and 4 stages of caries progression from children with severe early childhood caries (n = 32). Additionally, healthy (n = 10) and carious (n = 10) primary teeth were decalcified, sectioned, and stained with Grocott's methenamine silver, periodic acid Schiff (PAS) and calcofluor white (CW) for fungi. Immunolocalization was also performed using antibodies against fungal β-D-glucan, gram-positive bacterial lipoteichoic acid, gram-negative endotoxin, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans. We also performed field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) to visualize fungi and bacteria within carious dentinal tubules. Bacterial communities observed included a high abundance of S. mutans and the Veillonella parvula group, as expected. There was a higher ratio of fungi to bacteria in dentin-involved lesions compared to less severe lesions with frequent preponderance of C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, and in one case C. tropicalis. Grocott's silver, PAS, CW and immunohistochemistry (IHC) demonstrated the presence of fungi within carious dentinal tubules. Multiplex IHC revealed that fungi, gram-negative, and gram-positive bacteria primarily occupied separate dentinal tubules, with rare instances of colocalization. Similar findings were observed with multiplex immunofluorescence using anti-S. mutans and anti-C. albicans antibodies. Electron microscopy showed monomorphic bacterial and fungal biofilms within distinct dentin tubules. We demonstrate a previously unrecognized phenomenon in which fungi and bacteria occupy distinct spatial niches within carious dentin and seldom co-colonize. The potential significance of this phenomenon in caries progression warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalyn M. Sulyanto
- Department of Dentistry, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Clifford J. Beall
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kasey Ha
- Department of Dentistry, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joseph Montesano
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jason Juang
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John R. Dickson
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shahr B. Hashmi
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Seth Bradbury
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Eugene J. Leys
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mira Edgerton
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Sunita P. Ho
- Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ann L. Griffen
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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4
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Veenman F, van Dijk A, Arredondo A, Medina-Gomez C, Wolvius E, Rivadeneira F, Àlvarez G, Blanc V, Kragt L. Oral microbiota of adolescents with dental caries: A systematic review. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 161:105933. [PMID: 38447351 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review summarizes the current knowledge on the association between the oral microbiota and dental caries in adolescents. DESIGN An electronic search was carried out across five databases. Studies were included if they conducted research on generally healthy adolescents, applied molecular-based microbiological analyses and assessed caries status. Data extraction was performed by two reviewers and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was applied for quality assessment. RESULTS In total, 3935 records were reviewed which resulted in a selection of 20 cross-sectional studies (published 2005-2022) with a sample size ranging from 11 to 614 participants including adolescents between 11 and 19 years. The studies analyzed saliva, dental biofilm or tongue swabs with Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization, (q)PCR or Next-Generation Sequencing methods. Prevotella denticola, Scardoviae Wiggsiae, Streptococcus sobrinus and Streptococcus mutans were the most frequently reported species presenting higher abundance in adolescents with caries. The majority of the studies reported that the microbial diversity was similar between participants with and without dental caries. CONCLUSION This systematic review is the first that shows how the oral microbiota composition in adolescents appears to differ between those with and without dental caries, suggesting certain taxa may be associated with increased caries risk. However, there is a need to replicate and expand these findings in larger, longitudinal studies that also focus on caries severity and take adolescent-specific factors into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francien Veenman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Anne van Dijk
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Arredondo
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eppo Wolvius
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gerard Àlvarez
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Vanessa Blanc
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Lea Kragt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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5
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Eriksen C, Boustedt K, Sonne SB, Dahlgren J, Kristiansen K, Twetman S, Brix S, Roswall J. Early life factors and oral microbial signatures define the risk of caries in a Swedish cohort of preschool children. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8463. [PMID: 38605085 PMCID: PMC11009336 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59126-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity harbors complex communities comprising bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. The oral microbiota is establish at birth and develops further during childhood, with early life factors such as birth mode, feeding practices, and oral hygiene, reported to influence this development and the susceptibility to caries. We here analyzed the oral bacterial composition in saliva of 260 Swedish children at two, three and five years of age using 16S rRNA gene profiling to examine its relation to environmental factors and caries development at five years of age. We were able to assign the salivary bacterial community in each child at each time point to one of seven distinct clusters. We observed an individual dynamic in the development of the oral microbiota related to early life factors, such as being first born, born by C-section, maternal perinatal antibiotics use, with a distinct transition between three and five years of age. Different bacterial signatures depending on age were related to increased caries risk, while Peptococcus consistently linked to reduced risk of caries development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Eriksen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Katarina Boustedt
- Department of Paediatrics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Maxillofacial Unit, Halland Hospital, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Si Brask Sonne
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jovanna Dahlgren
- Department of Paediatrics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Västra Götalandsregionen, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
- Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, Qingdao, 266555, Shandong, China.
| | - Svante Twetman
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Brix
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Josefine Roswall
- Department of Paediatrics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Department of Paediatrics, Halland Hospital, Halmstad, Sweden.
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6
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Mann AE, Chakraborty B, O'Connell LM, Nascimento MM, Burne RA, Richards VP. Heterogeneous lineage-specific arginine deiminase expression within dental microbiome species. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0144523. [PMID: 38411054 PMCID: PMC10986539 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01445-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Arginine catabolism by the bacterial arginine deiminase system (ADS) has anticariogenic properties through the production of ammonia, which modulates the pH of the oral environment. Given the potential protective capacity of the ADS pathway, the exploitation of ADS-competent oral microbes through pre- or probiotic applications is a promising therapeutic target to prevent tooth decay. To date, most investigations of the ADS in the oral cavity and its relation to caries have focused on indirect measures of activity or on specific bacterial groups, yet the pervasiveness and rate of expression of the ADS operon in diverse mixed microbial communities in oral health and disease remain an open question. Here, we use a multivariate approach, combining ultra-deep metatranscriptomic sequencing with paired metataxonomic and in vitro citrulline quantification to characterize the microbial community and ADS operon expression in healthy and late-stage cavitated teeth. While ADS activity is higher in healthy teeth, we identify multiple bacterial lineages with upregulated ADS activity on cavitated teeth that are distinct from those found on healthy teeth using both reference-based mapping and de novo assembly methods. Our dual metataxonomic and metatranscriptomic approach demonstrates the importance of species abundance for gene expression data interpretation and that patterns of differential expression can be skewed by low-abundance groups. Finally, we identify several potential candidate probiotic bacterial lineages within species that may be useful therapeutic targets for the prevention of tooth decay and propose that the development of a strain-specific, mixed-microbial probiotic may be a beneficial approach given the heterogeneity of taxa identified here across health groups. IMPORTANCE Tooth decay is the most common preventable chronic disease, affecting more than two billion people globally. The development of caries on teeth is primarily a consequence of acid production by cariogenic bacteria that inhabit the plaque microbiome. Other bacterial strains in the oral cavity may suppress or prevent tooth decay by producing ammonia as a byproduct of the arginine deiminase metabolic pathway, increasing the pH of the plaque biofilm. While the benefits of arginine metabolism on oral health have been extensively documented in specific bacterial groups, the prevalence and consistency of arginine deiminase system (ADS) activity among oral bacteria in a community context remain an open question. In the current study, we use a multi-omics approach to document the pervasiveness of the expression of the ADS operon in both health and disease to better understand the conditions in which ADS activity may prevent tooth decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison E. Mann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Brinta Chakraborty
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Lauren M. O'Connell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Marcelle M. Nascimento
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Robert A. Burne
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Vincent P. Richards
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
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7
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Bloch S, Hager-Mair FF, Andrukhov O, Schäffer C. Oral streptococci: modulators of health and disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1357631. [PMID: 38456080 PMCID: PMC10917908 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1357631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococci are primary colonizers of the oral cavity where they are ubiquitously present and an integral part of the commensal oral biofilm microflora. The role oral streptococci play in the interaction with the host is ambivalent. On the one hand, they function as gatekeepers of homeostasis and are a prerequisite for the maintenance of oral health - they shape the oral microbiota, modulate the immune system to enable bacterial survival, and antagonize pathogenic species. On the other hand, also recognized pathogens, such as oral Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus, which trigger the onset of dental caries belong to the genus Streptococcus. In the context of periodontitis, oral streptococci as excellent initial biofilm formers have an accessory function, enabling late biofilm colonizers to inhabit gingival pockets and cause disease. The pathogenic potential of oral streptococci fully unfolds when their dissemination into the bloodstream occurs; streptococcal infection can cause extra-oral diseases, such as infective endocarditis and hemorrhagic stroke. In this review, the taxonomic diversity of oral streptococci, their role and prevalence in the oral cavity and their contribution to oral health and disease will be discussed, focusing on the virulence factors these species employ for interactions at the host interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bloch
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, NanoGlycobiology Research Group, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fiona F. Hager-Mair
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, NanoGlycobiology Research Group, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oleh Andrukhov
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Schäffer
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, NanoGlycobiology Research Group, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
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8
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Zhang JS, Huang S, Chen Z, Chu CH, Takahashi N, Yu OY. Application of omics technologies in cariology research: A critical review with bibliometric analysis. J Dent 2024; 141:104801. [PMID: 38097035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review the application of omics technologies in the field of cariology research and provide critical insights into the emerging opportunities and challenges. DATA & SOURCES Publications on the application of omics technologies in cariology research up to December 2022 were sourced from online databases, including PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. Two independent reviewers assessed the relevance of the publications to the objective of this review. STUDY SELECTION Studies that employed omics technologies to investigate dental caries were selected from the initial pool of identified publications. A total of 922 publications with one or more omics technologies adopted were included for comprehensive bibliographic analysis. (Meta)genomics (676/922, 73 %) is the predominant omics technology applied for cariology research in the included studies. Other applied omics technologies are metabolomics (108/922, 12 %), proteomics (105/922, 11 %), and transcriptomics (76/922, 8 %). CONCLUSION This study identified an emerging trend in the application of multiple omics technologies in cariology research. Omics technologies possess significant potential in developing strategies for the detection, staging evaluation, risk assessment, prevention, and management of dental caries. Despite the numerous challenges that lie ahead, the integration of multi-omics data obtained from individual biological samples, in conjunction with artificial intelligence technology, may offer potential avenues for further exploration in caries research. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This review presented a comprehensive overview of the application of omics technologies in cariology research and discussed the advantages and challenges of using these methods to detect, assess, predict, prevent, and treat dental caries. It contributes to steering research for improved understanding of dental caries and advancing clinical translation of cariology research outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shi Huang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Zigui Chen
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Chun-Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Nobuhiro Takahashi
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ollie Yiru Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
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9
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Bansal K, Shamoo A, Atif M, Batra P, Chaudhry R. Isolation and detection of bacterial species on mitis salivarius bacitracin agar from the plaque samples of caries active children. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2024; 42:15-21. [PMID: 38616422 DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_17_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In cariology studies, mitis-salivarius-bacitracin (MSB) agar has been commonly considered as the selective medium for Streptococcusmutans growth. The present study was the part of a funded project (a noninferiority randomized controlled trial) which compared the efficacy of a plant extract-based mouth rinse with that of a fluoride mouth rinse on the S.mutans counts of the children. AIM This study aimed to identify the frequency of detection of S.mutans and nonstreptococcal bacterial species from the dental plaque of caries active children using a combined technique of anaerobic culture and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. SETTINGS AND METHODS Caries-active children (8-12 years old) were enrolled from a pediatric dental outpatient department at a tertiary care hospital. From each participant, dental plaque samples were collected from carious surfaces under sterilized conditions and then subjected to anaerobic culture. After 48 h of incubation, the bacterial colonies were isolated by sub-culture and identified by the MALDI-TOF. RESULTS In all, 13 different bacterial species were isolated from the MSB agar medium. Other than S.mutans species, colonies of bacterial species such as Veillonelladispar,Streptococcusanginosus, Veillonellaparvula, and Streptococcusgordonii were also frequently observed from the medium. CONCLUSIONS The study concluded that several bacterial strains, both streptococcal and nonstreptococcal, could be isolated from the MSB agar medium; hence, this medium should no longer be considered selective medium for the culture of S.mutans in clinical and epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Bansal
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Azeema Shamoo
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, Ulster University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Atif
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Priyam Batra
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rama Chaudhry
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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10
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Bhaumik D, Salzman E, Davis E, Blostein F, Li G, Neiswanger K, Weyant R, Crout R, McNeil D, Marazita M, Foxman B. Plaque Microbiome in Caries-Active and Caries-Free Teeth by Dentition. JDR Clin Trans Res 2024; 9:61-71. [PMID: 36154330 PMCID: PMC10725180 DOI: 10.1177/23800844221121260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Describe associations between dental caries and dental plaque microbiome, by dentition and family membership. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis included 584 participants in the Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia Cohort 1 (COHRA1). We sequenced the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (V4 region) of frozen supragingival plaque, collected 10 y prior, from 185 caries-active (enamel and dentinal) and 565 caries-free (no lesions) teeth using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Sequences were filtered using the R DADA2 package and assigned taxonomy using the Human Oral Microbiome Database. RESULTS Microbiomes of caries-active and caries-free teeth were most similar in primary dentition and least similar in permanent dentition, but caries-active teeth were significantly less diverse than caries-free teeth in all dentition types. Streptococcus mutans had greater relative abundance in caries-active than caries-free teeth in all dentition types (P < 0.01), as did Veillonella dispar in primary and mixed dentition (P < 0.01). Fusobacterium sp. HMT 203 had significantly higher relative abundance in caries-free than caries-active teeth in all dentition types (P < 0.01). In a linear mixed model adjusted for confounders, the relative abundance of S. mutans was significantly greater in plaque from caries-active than caries-free teeth (P < 0.001), and the relative abundance of Fusobacterium sp. HMT 203 was significantly lower in plaque from caries-active than caries-free teeth (P < 0.001). Adding an effect for family improved model fit for Fusobacterium sp. HMT 203 but notS. mutans. CONCLUSIONS The diversity of supragingival plaque composition from caries-active and caries-free teeth changed with dentition, but S. mutans was positively and Fusobacterium sp. HMT 203 was negatively associated with caries regardless of dentition. There was a strong effect of family on the associations of Fusobacterium sp. HMT 203 with the caries-free state, but this was not true for S. mutans and the caries-active state. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT Patients' and dentists' concerns about transmission of bacteria within families causing caries should be tempered by the evidence that some shared bacteria may contribute to good oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Bhaumik
- Center of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - E. Salzman
- Center of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - E. Davis
- Center of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - F. Blostein
- Center of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - G. Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K. Neiswanger
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - R.J. Weyant
- Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - R. Crout
- Department of Periodontics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - D.W. McNeil
- Departments of Psychology and Dental Practice & Rural Health, and Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - M.L. Marazita
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences; Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health; Clinical and Translational Science, School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - B. Foxman
- Center of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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O'Connell LM, Mann AE, Osagie E, Akhigbe P, Blouin T, Soule A, Obuekwe O, Omoigberale A, Burne RA, Coker MO, Richards VP. Supragingival mycobiome of HIV-exposed-but-uninfected children reflects a stronger correlation with caries-free-associated taxa compared to HIV-infected or uninfected children. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0149123. [PMID: 37874172 PMCID: PMC10715047 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01491-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Globally, caries is among the most frequent chronic childhood disease, and the fungal component of the microbial community responsible is poorly studied despite evidence that fungi contribute to increased acid production exacerbating enamel demineralization. HIV infection is another global health crisis. Perinatal HIV exposure with infection are caries risk factors; however, the caries experience in the context of perinatal HIV exposure without infection is less clear. Using high-throughput amplicon sequencing, we find taxonomic differences that become pronounced during late-stage caries. Notably, we show a stronger correlation with health-associated taxa for HIV-exposed-but-uninfected children when compared to unexposed and uninfected children. This aligns with a lower incidence of caries in primary teeth at age 6 or less for exposed yet uninfected children. Ultimately, these findings could contribute to improved risk assessment, intervention, and prevention strategies such as biofilm disruption and the informed design of pro-, pre-, and synbiotic oral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. O'Connell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Allison E. Mann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Esosa Osagie
- Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Paul Akhigbe
- Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Thomas Blouin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ashlyn Soule
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ozoemene Obuekwe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Augustine Omoigberale
- Department of Child Health, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Robert A. Burne
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Modupe O. Coker
- Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Vincent P. Richards
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
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12
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Ev LD, Poloni JDF, Damé-Teixeira N, Arthur RA, Corralo DJ, Henz SL, Do T, Maltz M, Parolo CCF. Hub genes and pathways related to caries-free dental biofilm: clinical metatranscriptomic study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:7725-7735. [PMID: 37924358 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05363-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the microbial functional profile of biofilms related to caries-free (CF, n = 6) and caries-arrested (CI, n = 3) compared to caries-active (CA, n = 5) individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS A metatranscriptomic was performed in supragingival biofilm from different clinical conditions related to caries or health. Total RNA was extracted and cDNAs were obtained and sequenced (Illumina HiSeq3000). Trimmed data (SortMeRNA) were submitted to the SqueezeMeta pipeline in the co-assembly mode for functional analysis and further differential gene expression analysis (DESeq2) and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WCGNA) to explore and identify gene modules related to these clinical conditions. RESULTS A total of 5303 genes were found in the metatranscriptomic analysis. A co-expression network identified the most relevant modules strongly related to specific caries status. Correlation coefficients were calculated between the eigengene modules and the clinical conditions (CA, CI, and CF) discriminating multiple modules. CA and CI showed weak correlation coefficient strength across the modules, while the CF condition presented a very strong positive correlation coefficient (r = 0.9, p value = 4 × 10-9). Pearson's test was applied to further analyze the module membership and gene significance in CF conditions, and the most relevant were HSPA1s-K03283, Epr- K13277, and SLC1A-K05613. Gene Ontology (GO) shows important bioprocesses, such as two-component system, fructose and mannose metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, and flagellar assembly (p-adjust < 0.05). The ability to use different carbohydrates, integrate multiple signals, swarm, and bacteriocin production are significant metabolic advantages in the oral environment related to CF. CONCLUSIONS A distinct functional health profile could be found in CF, where co-occurring genes can act in different pathways at the same time. Genes HSPA1s, Epr, and SLC1A may be appointed as potential biomarkers for caries-free biofilms. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Potential biomarkers for caries-free biofilms could contribute to the knowledge of caries prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Daniela Ev
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Joice de Faria Poloni
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, National Institute of Science and Technology - Forensic Science, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Nailê Damé-Teixeira
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Alex Arthur
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela Jorge Corralo
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Passo Fundo University, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Sandra Liana Henz
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Thuy Do
- Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Marisa Maltz
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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13
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Shi W, Tian J, Xu H, Qin M. Microbial Relationship of Carious Deciduous Molars and Adjacent First Permanent Molars. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2461. [PMID: 37894119 PMCID: PMC10609437 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Epidemiological studies have shown that deciduous molar caries are related to and more severe than permanent molar caries. This study aimed to investigate whether caries subtypes in deciduous molars were associated with caries in first permanent molars and to explore taxonomic and functional profiles of the microbiota involved in different subtypes. (2) 42 mixed-dentition children were recruited and were divided into DMC (carious deciduous molars but caries-free first permanent molars; n = 14), C (carious deciduous and first permanent molars; n = 13), and control (n = 15) groups. Metagenomic sequencing was performed for supragingival plaque samples obtained separately from deciduous and first permanent molars. (3) The microbiota of deciduous molars in the DMC and C groups differed not only in species-based beta diversity but also in compositional and functional profiles. In the C group-like subtype, 14 caries-related species and potential pathways were identified that could be responsible for the caries relationship between the deciduous and permanent molars. In the DMC group-like subtype, the overall functional structure, the levels of Leptotrichia wadei, Streptococcus anginosus, and Stomatobaculum longum and KOs in sugar transporters and fermentation, quorum sensing, and TCA cycle in their first permanent molars surprisingly resembled those of the C group rather than the control group. This suggested that these clinically sound first permanent molars were at a greater risk for caries. (4) Classification of deciduous molar caries according to the microbiota could serve as a caries risk predictor for adjacent first permanent molars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Shi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China; (W.S.); (J.T.); (H.X.)
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China; (W.S.); (J.T.); (H.X.)
| | - He Xu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China; (W.S.); (J.T.); (H.X.)
| | - Man Qin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China; (W.S.); (J.T.); (H.X.)
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14
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Arishi RA, Lai CT, Geddes DT, Stinson LF. Impact of breastfeeding and other early-life factors on the development of the oral microbiome. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1236601. [PMID: 37744908 PMCID: PMC10513450 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1236601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is home to the second most diverse microbiome in the human body. This community contributes to both oral and systemic health. Acquisition and development of the oral microbiome is a dynamic process that occurs over early life; however, data regarding longitudinal assembly of the infant oral microbiome is scarce. While numerous factors have been associated with the composition of the infant oral microbiome, early feeding practices (breastfeeding and the introduction of solids) appear to be the strongest determinants of the infant oral microbiome. In the present review, we draw together data on the maternal, infant, and environmental factors linked to the composition of the infant oral microbiome, with a focus on early nutrition. Given evidence that breastfeeding powerfully shapes the infant oral microbiome, the review explores potential mechanisms through which human milk components, including microbes, metabolites, oligosaccharides, and antimicrobial proteins, may interact with and shape the infant oral microbiome. Infancy is a unique period for the oral microbiome. By enhancing our understanding of oral microbiome assembly in early life, we may better support both oral and systemic health throughout the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roaa A. Arishi
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ching T. Lai
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Donna T. Geddes
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lisa F. Stinson
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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15
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Mann AE, O'Connell LM, Osagie E, Akhigbe P, Obuekwe O, Omoigberale A, Kelly C, Coker MO, Richards VP. Impact of HIV on the Oral Microbiome of Children Living in Sub-Saharan Africa, Determined by Using an rpoC Gene Fragment Metataxonomic Approach. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0087123. [PMID: 37428077 PMCID: PMC10434123 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00871-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Children living with HIV have a higher prevalence of oral diseases, including caries, but the mechanisms underlying this higher prevalence are not well understood. Here, we test the hypothesis that HIV infection is associated with a more cariogenic oral microbiome, characterized by an increase in bacteria involved in the pathogenesis of caries. We present data generated from supragingival plaques collected from 484 children representing three exposure groups: (i) children living with HIV (HI), (ii) children who were perinatally exposed but uninfected (HEU), and (iii) unexposed and therefore uninfected children (HUU). We found that the microbiome of HI children is distinct from those of HEU and HUU children and that this distinction is more pronounced in diseased teeth than healthy teeth, suggesting that the impact of HIV is more severe as caries progresses. Moreover, we report both an increase in bacterial diversity and a decrease in community similarity in our older HI cohort compared to our younger HI cohort, which may in part be a prolonged effect of HIV and/or its treatment. Finally, while Streptococcus mutans is often a dominant species in late-stage caries, it tended to be found at lower frequency in our HI cohort than in other groups. Our results highlight the taxonomic diversity of the supragingival plaque microbiome and suggest that broad and increasingly individualistic ecological shifts are responsible for the pathogenesis of caries in children living with HIV, coupled with a diverse and possibly severe impact on known cariogenic taxa that potentially exacerbates caries. IMPORTANCE Since its recognition as a global epidemic in the early 1980s, approximately 84.2 million people have been diagnosed with HIV and 40.1 million people have died from AIDS-related illnesses. The development and increased global availability of antiretroviral treatment (ART) regimens have dramatically reduced the mortality rate of HIV and AIDS, yet approximately 1.5 million new infections were reported in 2021, 51% of which are in sub-Saharan Africa. People living with HIV have a higher prevalence of caries and other chronic oral diseases, the mechanisms of which are not well understood. Here, we used a novel genetic approach to characterize the supragingival plaque microbiome of children living with HIV and compared it to the microbiomes of uninfected and perinatally exposed children to better understand the role of oral bacteria in the etiology of tooth decay in the context of HIV exposure and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison E. Mann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Lauren M. O'Connell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Esosa Osagie
- Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Paul Akhigbe
- Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ozoemene Obuekwe
- University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Colton Kelly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
- School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - the DOMHaIN Study Team
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
- Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
- University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
- School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Modupe O. Coker
- Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Vincent P. Richards
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
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16
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Beall CJ, Lilly EA, Granada C, Treas K, Dubois KR, Hashmi SB, Vazquez JA, Hagensee ME, Griffen AL, Leys EJ, Fidel PL. Independent Effects of HIV and Antiretroviral Therapy on the Oral Microbiome Identified by Multivariate Analyses. mBio 2023; 14:e0040923. [PMID: 37071004 PMCID: PMC10294613 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00409-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral microbiome is an important predictor of health and disease. We recently reported significant yet modest effects of HIV under highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the oral microbiome (bacterial and fungal) in a large cohort of HIV-positive (HIV+) and matched HIV-negative (HIV-) individuals. As it was unclear whether ART added to or masked further effects of HIV on the oral microbiome, the present study aimed to analyze the effects of HIV and ART independently, which also included HIV- subjects on preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) therapy. Cross-sectional analyses of the effect of HIV devoid of ART (HIV+ ART- versus matched HIV- subjects) showed a significant effect on both the bacteriome and mycobiome (P < 0.024) after controlling for other clinical variables (permutational multivariate analysis of variance [PERMANOVA] of Bray-Curtis dissimilarity). Cross-sectional analyses evaluating the effects of ART (HIV+ ART+ versus HIV+ ART- subjects) revealed a significant effect on the mycobiome (P < 0.007) but not the bacteriome. In parallel longitudinal analyses, ART (before versus after the initiation of ART) had a significant effect on the bacteriome, but not the mycobiome, of HIV+ and HIV- PrEP subjects (P < 0.005 and P < 0.016, respectively). These analyses also revealed significant differences in the oral microbiome and several clinical variables between HIV- PrEP subjects (pre-PrEP) and the HIV-matched HIV- group (P < 0.001). At the species level, a small number of differences in both bacterial and fungal taxa were identified within the effects of HIV and/or ART. We conclude that the effects of HIV and ART on the oral microbiome are similar to those of the clinical variables but collectively are modest overall. IMPORTANCE The oral microbiome can be an important predictor of health and disease. For persons living with HIV (PLWH), HIV and highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) may have a significant influence on their oral microbiome. We previously reported a significant effect of HIV with ART on both the bacteriome and mycobiome. It was unclear whether ART added to or masked further effects of HIV on the oral microbiome. Hence, it was important to evaluate the effects of HIV and ART independently. For this, multivariate cross-sectional and longitudinal oral microbiome analyses (bacteriome and mycobiome) were conducted within the cohort, including HIV+ ART+ subjects and HIV+ and HIV- (preexposure prophylaxis [PrEP]) subjects before and after the initiation of ART. While we report independent significant effects of HIV and ART on the oral microbiome, we conclude that their influence is similar to that of the clinical variables but collectively modest overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford J. Beall
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Lilly
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University Health Center School of Dentistry, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Carolina Granada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kelly Treas
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University Health Center School of Dentistry, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Kenneth R. Dubois
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University Health Center School of Dentistry, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Shahr B. Hashmi
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jose A. Vazquez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael E. Hagensee
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ann L. Griffen
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Eugene J. Leys
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul L. Fidel
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University Health Center School of Dentistry, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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17
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You Y, Yin M, Zheng X, Liang Q, Zhang H, Wu BL, Xu W. Saccharibacteria (TM7), but not other bacterial taxa, are associated with childhood caries regardless of age in a South China population. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15605. [PMID: 37397017 PMCID: PMC10309052 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human microbiome dysbiosis is related to various human diseases, and identifying robust and consistent biomarkers that apply in different populations is a key challenge. This challenge arises when identifying key microbial markers of childhood caries. Methods We analyzed unstimulated saliva and supragingival plaque samples from children of different ages and sexes, performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and sought to identify whether consistent markers exist among subpopulations by using a multivariate linear regression model. Results We found that Acinetobacter and Clostridiales bacterial taxa were associated with caries in plaque and saliva, respectively, while Firmicutes and Clostridia were found in plaque isolated from children of different ages in preschool and school. These identified bacterial markers largely differ between different populations, leaving only Saccharibacteria as a significant caries-associated phylum in children. Saccharibacteria is a newly identified phylum, and our taxonomic assignment database could not be used to identify its specific genus. Conclusion Our data indicated that, in a South China population, oral microbial signatures for dental caries show age and sex differences, but Saccharibacteria might be a consistent signal and worth further investigation, considering the lack of research on this microbe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang You
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan), Southern Medical University, ShenZhen, GuangDong, China
| | - Meixiang Yin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan), Southern Medical University, ShenZhen, GuangDong, China
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, ShenZhen, GuangDong, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan), Southern Medical University, ShenZhen, GuangDong, China
| | - Qiuying Liang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan), Southern Medical University, ShenZhen, GuangDong, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan), Southern Medical University, ShenZhen, GuangDong, China
| | - Bu-Ling Wu
- Department of Endodontics, Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan), Southern Medical University, ShenZhen, GuangDong, China
| | - Wenan Xu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan), Southern Medical University, ShenZhen, GuangDong, China
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18
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Liu Y, Daniel SG, Kim HE, Koo H, Korostoff J, Teles F, Bittinger K, Hwang G. Addition of cariogenic pathogens to complex oral microflora drives significant changes in biofilm compositions and functionalities. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:123. [PMID: 37264481 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01561-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries is a microbe and sugar-mediated biofilm-dependent oral disease. Of particular significance, a virulent type of dental caries, known as severe early childhood caries (S-ECC), is characterized by the synergistic polymicrobial interaction between the cariogenic bacterium, Streptococcus mutans, and an opportunistic fungal pathogen, Candida albicans. Although cross-sectional studies reveal their important roles in caries development, these exhibit limitations in determining the significance of these microbial interactions in the pathogenesis of the disease. Thus, it remains unclear the mechanism(s) through which the cross-kingdom interaction modulates the composition of the plaque microbiome. Here, we employed a novel ex vivo saliva-derived microcosm biofilm model to assess how exogenous pathogens could impact the structural and functional characteristics of the indigenous native oral microbiota. RESULTS Through shotgun whole metagenome sequencing, we observed that saliva-derived biofilm has decreased richness and diversity but increased sugar-related metabolism relative to the planktonic phase. Addition of S. mutans and/or C. albicans to the native microbiome drove significant changes in its bacterial composition. In addition, the effect of the exogenous pathogens on microbiome diversity and taxonomic abundances varied depending on the sugar type. While the addition of S. mutans induced a broader effect on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) ortholog abundances with glucose/fructose, S. mutans-C. albicans combination under sucrose conditions triggered unique and specific changes in microbiota composition/diversity as well as specific effects on KEGG pathways. Finally, we observed the presence of human epithelial cells within the biofilms via confocal microscopy imaging. CONCLUSIONS Our data revealed that the presence of S. mutans and C. albicans, alone or in combination, as well as the addition of different sugars, induced unique alterations in both the composition and functional attributes of the biofilms. In particular, the combination of S. mutans and C. albicans seemed to drive the development (and perhaps the severity) of a dysbiotic/cariogenic oral microbiome. Our work provides a unique and pragmatic biofilm model for investigating the functional microbiome in health and disease as well as developing strategies to modulate the microbiome. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Scott G Daniel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hye-Eun Kim
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hyun Koo
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan Korostoff
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Flavia Teles
- Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Basic & Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kyle Bittinger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Geelsu Hwang
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Khalaf ME, Karched M, Shawaf NA, Qudeimat MA. In vitro investigation of the impact of contemporary restorative materials on cariogenic bacteria counts and gene expression. J Dent 2023; 133:104486. [PMID: 36997083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the antibacterial effect of different fluoride-containing and bioactive restorative materials, and their effect on the expression of specific biofilm-associated genes and therefore the caries process. MATERIALS AND METHODS The restorative materials utilized in this study included: 1. Filtek Z250, 2. Fuji II LC, 3. Beautifil II, 4. ACTIVA, and 5. Biodentine. For each material, disc-shaped specimens were prepared. The inhibitory effects against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Leptotrichia shahii were tested. After incubation for 24 hours and 1 week, colony-forming units (CFUs) were enumerated. From the plates dedicated for biomass quantification and RNA purification, the target glucosyltransferase B (gtfB) and glucan-binding protein B (gbpB) genes were chosen for S. mutans. For L. acidophilus, a gene involved in exopolysaccharide synthesis (epsB) was chosen. RESULTS Except for Filtek Z250, all four materials showed statistically significant inhibitory effects on the biofilms of all three species. When biofilms were grown in the presence of the same four materials, the expression of S. mutans gtfB and gbpB genes, was significantly reduced. For L. acidophilus, the decrease in the expression of gtfB gene in the presence of ACTIVA was the highest change seen. The epsB gene expression also decreased. Compared to fluoride-releasing materials, bioactive materials had more inhibitory effect against L. acidophilus, both at 24 hours and 1 week. CONCLUSIONS Both fluoride releasing and bioactive materials exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on the biofilm growth. The expression of the targeted biofilm-associated genes was downregulated by both material groups. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The findings from this study give insight into the antibacterial effect of fluoride-containing and bioactive materials which would help to reduce the chances for secondary caries and therefore increase the lifetime of dental restorations placed for patients.
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Kumar D, Mandal S, Bailey JV, Flood BE, Jones RS. Fluoride and gallein inhibit polyphosphate accumulation by oral pathogen Rothia dentocariosa. Lett Appl Microbiol 2023; 76:ovad017. [PMID: 36715153 PMCID: PMC9990172 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovad017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The uptake and storage of extracellular orthophosphate (Pi) by polyphosphate (polyP) accumulating bacteria may contribute to mineral dissolution in the oral cavity. To test the effect of potential inhibitors of polyP kinases on Rothia dentocariosa, gallein (0, 25, 50, and 100 μM) and fluoride (0, 50, and 100 ppm) were added to R. dentocariosa cultures grown in brain-heart infusion broth. At a late log growth phase (8 h), extracellular Pi was measured using an ascorbic acid assay, and polyP was isolated from bacterial cells treated with RNA/DNAases using a neutral phenol/chloroform extraction. Extracts were hydrolyzed and quantified as above. Gallein and fluoride had minor effects on bacterial growth with NaF having a direct effect on media pH. Gallein (≥25 μM) and fluoride (≥50 ppm) attenuated the bacterial drawdown of extracellular Pi by 56.7% (P < 0.05) and 37.3% (P < 0.01). There was a corresponding polyP synthesis decrease of 73.2% (P < 0.0001) from gallein and 83.1% (P < 0.0001) from fluoride. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy validated the presence of polyP and its reduced concentration in R. dentocariosa bacterial cells following gallein and fluoride treatment. Rothia dentocariosa can directly change extracellular Pi and accumulate intracellular polyP, but the mechanism is attenuated by gallein and NaF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Kumar
- Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Subhrangshu Mandal
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jake V Bailey
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Beverly E Flood
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Robert S Jones
- Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Xiao X, Liu S, Deng H, Song Y, Zhang L, Song Z. Advances in the oral microbiota and rapid detection of oral infectious diseases. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1121737. [PMID: 36814562 PMCID: PMC9939651 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1121737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that the dysregulation of the oral microbiota plays a crucial role in human health conditions, such as dental caries, periodontal disease, oral cancer, other oral infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, bacteremia, and low birth weight. The use of traditional detection methods in conjunction with rapidly advancing molecular techniques in the diagnosis of harmful oral microorganisms has expanded our understanding of the diversity, location, and function of the microbiota associated with health and disease. This review aimed to highlight the latest knowledge in this field, including microbial colonization; the most modern detection methods; and interactions in disease progression. The next decade may achieve the rapid diagnosis and precise treatment of harmful oral microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Xiao
- Department of Oral Mucosa, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shangfeng Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Deng
- Translational Medicine Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Song
- Department of Oral Mucosa, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Translational Medicine Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China,Liang Zhang,
| | - Zhifeng Song
- Department of Oral Mucosa, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Zhifeng Song,
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22
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Yun Z, Xianghong L, Qianhua G, Qin D. Copper ions inhibit Streptococcus mutans-Veillonella parvula dual biofilm by activating Streptococcus mutans reactive nitrogen species. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:48. [PMID: 36709299 PMCID: PMC9883903 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02738-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the inhibition mechanism of copper ions on Streptococcus mutans-Veillonella parvula dual biofilm. METHODS S. mutans-V. parvula dual biofilm was constructed and copper ions were added at different concentrations. After the biofilm was collected, RNA-seq and qRT-PCR were then performed to get gene information. RESULTS The coculture of S. mutans and V. parvula formed a significantly better dual biofilm of larger biomass than S. mutans mono biofilm. And copper ions showed a more significant inhibitory effect on S. mutans-V. parvula dual biofilm than on S. mutans mono biofilm when copper ions concentration reached 100 µM, and copper ions showed a decreased inhibitory effect on S. gordonii-V. parvula dual biofilm and S. sanguis-V.parvula dual biofilm than on the two mono biofilms as the concentration of copper ions increased. And common trace elements such as iron, magnesium, and zinc showed no inhibitory effect difference on S. mutans-V. parvula dual biofilm. The RNA-seq results showed a significant difference in the expression of a new ABC transporter SMU_651c, SMU_652c, SMU_653c, and S. mutans copper chaperone copYAZ. SMU_651c, SMU_652c, and SMU_653c were predicted to function as nitrite/nitrate transporter-related proteins, which suggested the specific inhibition of copper ions on S. mutans-V. parvula dual biofilm may be caused by the activation of S. mutans reactive nitrogen species. CONCLUSIONS Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella parvula are symbiotic, forming a dual biofilm of larger biomass to better resist the external antibacterial substances, which may increase the virulence of S. mutans. While common trace elements such as iron, magnesium, and zinc showed no specific inhibitory effect on S. mutans-V. parvula dual biofilm, copper ion had a unique inhibitory effect on S. mutans-V. parvula dual biofilm which may be caused by activating S. mutans RNS when copper ions concentration reached 250 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Yun
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China ,grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Liu Xianghong
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072 China
| | - Gao Qianhua
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072 China
| | - Du Qin
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072 China
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Gregorczyk-Maga I, Fiema M, Kania M, Jachowicz-Matczak E, Romaniszyn D, Gerreth K, Klupa T, Wójkowska-Mach J. Oral Microbiota-One Habitat or Diverse Niches? A Pilot Study of Sampling and Identification of Oral Bacterial and Fungal Biota in Patients with Type I Diabetes Mellitus Treated with Insulin Pump. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2252. [PMID: 36767617 PMCID: PMC9914992 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The oral microbiota is a very complex and dynamic microbial ecosystem. Alterations of its balance can result in oral and systemic diseases. We aimed to characterize the microbiota in particular niches of the oral cavity in adult type 1 diabetes patients treated with continuous infusion of insulin with insulin pump (IP). In addition, we aimed to determine optimal sites of oral microbiota sampling in studies of large research groups of patients with DM I. DESIGN In this pilot study, we sampled the buccal and soft palate mucosa, tongue, palatal and buccal dental surfaces and gingival pockets of adult DM I patients treated with IP. RESULTS In total, 23 patients were recruited. The oral microbiota was dominated by Streptococus and Neisseria, with a low incidence of cariogenic S. mutans and Lactobacillus, as well as periodontal pathogens such as Prevotella. There were significant differences in overall CFU counts of all strains, Gram-positive, Staphylococci, Streptococci and S. oralis strains between mucosal and dental surface sites. The overall CFU counts of all strains and Gram-positive strains were higher in dental sites vs. mucosal sites (both p < 0.001). CFU counts of S. oralis were significantly higher in dental sites vs. gingival pocket sites (p = 0.013). Candida species were rare. The mucosal sites on the buccae presented lower diversity and bacterial counts. CONCLUSIONS In the study group of adult DM I patients treated with IP, the microbiota in particular niches of the oral cavity was significantly different. Three distinct and optimally appropriate sampling sites for oral microflora were identified: buccal and palatal mucosa, dental surface and gingival pockets. The results of this study may be the basis for further studies of large groups of patients with DM I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Gregorczyk-Maga
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Fiema
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Michal Kania
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Technologies in Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Estera Jachowicz-Matczak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Dorota Romaniszyn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Gerreth
- Department of Risk Group Dentistry, Chair of Pediatric Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Klupa
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Technologies in Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Wójkowska-Mach
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland
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Yang H, Ma Y, Xie X, Wang H, Li X, Fang D, Bai Y. Candida albicans enriched in orthodontic derived white spot lesions and shaped focal supragingival bacteriome. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1084850. [PMID: 36760510 PMCID: PMC9902512 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1084850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
White spot lesions (WSLs) are common enamel infectious diseases in fixed orthodontic treatment, which might attribute to the dysbiosis of oral microbiome. However, the correlation of Candida albicans with oral bacteriome in WSLs still remains unrevealed. This study investigated the carriage of C. albicans and how it shaped the bacterial community in disease or healthy supragingival plaque, to explore the potential role of interkingdom interaction in orthodontic WSLs. In this study, 31 patients with WSLs (WSLs) and 23 healthy patients (Health) undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment were enrolled. The supragingival microbiota in both groups were determined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Colonization and abundance of C. albicans in the plaque were determined via culture-dependent and -independent methods. Among WSLs patients, the correlation of C. albicans and bacteriome was analyzed under QIIME2-based bioinformatics and Spearman's correlation coefficient. The raw reads were deposited into the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database (Accession Number: SRP404186). Significant differences in microbial diversity as well as composition were observed between WSLs and Health groups. Leptotrichia remarkably enriched in the WSLs group, while Neisseria and Cardiobacterium significantly enriched in the Health group. In addition, 45% of WSLs patients were C. albicans carriers but none in patients without WSLs. Among all WSLs patients, beta diversity and microbial composition were distinguished between C. albicans carriers and non-carriers. In C. albicans carriers, Corynebacterium matruchotii and Streptococcus mutans significantly enriched whereas Saccharibacteria_TM7_G-1 significantly depleted. The abundance of C. albicans was positively associated with bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans, while the negative correlation was detected between C. albicans and several bacteria such as Cardiobacterium hominis and Streptococcus sanguinis. Our study elucidated the distinguished supragingival plaque microbiome between orthodontic patients with and without WSLs. C. albicans frequently existed and enriched in orthodontic derived WSLs. The carriage of C. albicans shape plaque bacterial community in demineralized lesions and might play roles in WSLs pathogenesis.
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Developed and Validated Capillary Isotachophoresis Method for the Rapid Determining Organic Acids in Children's Saliva. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031092. [PMID: 36770757 PMCID: PMC9920431 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the current challenges facing researchers is the search for alternative biological material, as opposed to routinely and invasively collected (such as blood), as the analysis of the former would provide information about the state of human health, allowing for the diagnosis of diseases in their early stages. With the search for disease biomarkers in alternative materials, the development of newer analytical solutions has been observed. This study aims to develop a reliable analytical method using the capillary isotachophoresis technique for the determination of organic acids in children's saliva, the presence/elevation of which can be used in the future for diagnostic purposes. Organic acids such as formic, lactic, acetic, propionic, and butyric acid, were determined in the saliva of healthy children without carious lesions. The limit of quantification determined in the validation process was found to vary from 0.05 to 1.56 mg/L, the recoveries at the two levels were determined to vary between 90% and 110% for level I, while for level II the corresponding values of 75% and 106% were found; the presentation, expressed as relative standard deviation values (RSD), did not exceed 5%. The parameters determined while validating the results method indicated that the obtained are reliable. The Red-Green-Blue (RGB) additive color model was used for the evaluation of the method. This comparative analysis allowed us to define the color of the method, which expresses whether it meets the given assumptions and requirements. According to the RGB model, the isotachophoresis method developed requires less reagent input, shorter sample preparation times, and results with lower energy consumption. Thus, the subject procedure may provide an alternative, routine tool for determining organic acids in human saliva, to be applied in the diagnosing of diseases of various etiological origins.
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Duque C, Chrisostomo DA, Souza ACA, de Almeida Braga GP, Dos Santos VR, Caiaffa KS, Pereira JA, de Oliveira WC, de Aguiar Ribeiro A, Parisotto TM. Understanding the Predictive Potential of the Oral Microbiome in the Development and Progression of Early Childhood Caries. Curr Pediatr Rev 2023; 19:121-138. [PMID: 35959611 DOI: 10.2174/1573396318666220811124848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early childhood caries (ECC) is the most common chronic disease in young children and a public health problem worldwide. It is characterized by the presence of atypical and fast progressive caries lesions. The aggressive form of ECC, severe early childhood caries (S-ECC), can lead to the destruction of the whole crown of most of the deciduous teeth and cause pain and sepsis, affecting the child's quality of life. Although the multifactorial etiology of ECC is known, including social, environmental, behavioral, and genetic determinants, there is a consensus that this disease is driven by an imbalance between the oral microbiome and host, or dysbiosis, mediated by high sugar consumption and poor oral hygiene. Knowledge of the microbiome in healthy and caries status is crucial for risk monitoring, prevention, and development of therapies to revert dysbiosis and restore oral health. Molecular biology tools, including next-generation sequencing methods and proteomic approaches, have led to the discovery of new species and microbial biomarkers that could reveal potential risk profiles for the development of ECC and new targets for anti-caries therapies. This narrative review summarized some general aspects of ECC, such as definition, epidemiology, and etiology, the influence of oral microbiota in the development and progression of ECC based on the current evidence from genomics, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic studies and the effect of antimicrobial intervention on oral microbiota associated with ECC. CONCLUSION The evaluation of genetic and proteomic markers represents a promising approach to predict the risk of ECC before its clinical manifestation and plan efficient therapeutic interventions for ECC in its initial stages, avoiding irreversible dental cavitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Duque
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Daniela Alvim Chrisostomo
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Amanda Caselato Andolfatto Souza
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Pacheco de Almeida Braga
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Karina Sampaio Caiaffa
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Jesse Augusto Pereira
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Warlley Campos de Oliveira
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Apoena de Aguiar Ribeiro
- Division of Diagnostic Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill - Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United State
| | - Thaís Manzano Parisotto
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
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Vach K, Al-Ahmad A, Anderson A, Woelber JP, Karygianni L, Wittmer A, Hellwig E. Examining the Composition of the Oral Microbiota as a Tool to Identify Responders to Dietary Changes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245389. [PMID: 36558547 PMCID: PMC9780922 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of diet and nutrition in the prevention of oral diseases has recently gained increasing attention. Understanding the influence of diet on oral microbiota is essential for developing meaningful prevention approaches to oral diseases, and the identification of typical and atypical responders may contribute to this. METHODS We used data from an experimental clinical study in which 11 participants were exposed to different dietary regimens in five consecutive phases. To analyse the influence of additional nutritional components, we examined changes in bacterial concentrations measured by culture techniques compared to a run-in phase. A measure of correspondence between the mean and individual patterns of the bacterial composition is introduced. RESULTS The distance measures introduced showed clear differences between the subjects. In our data, two typical and three atypical responders appear to have been identified. CONCLUSIONS The proposed method is suitable to identify typical and atypical responders, even in small datasets. We recommend routinely performing such analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin Vach
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 26, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-761-270-83877
| | - Ali Al-Ahmad
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annette Anderson
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johan Peter Woelber
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lamprini Karygianni
- Clinic for Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annette Wittmer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 11, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
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Gómez-García AP, López-Vidal Y, Pinto-Cardoso S, Aguirre-García MM. Overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines in dental pulp tissue and distinct bacterial microbiota in carious teeth of Mexican Individuals. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:958722. [PMID: 36569197 PMCID: PMC9772992 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.958722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of dental caries in the Mexican adult population aged 20 to 85 years is around 93.3%, and 50% in Mexican children and adolescents. Worldwide, it is the most common non-communicable disease. One of the main etiological factors for dental caries is the oral microbiome and changes in its structure and function, with an expansion of pathogenic bacteria like Streptococcus mutans. The exposed dental pulp tissue triggers an innate immune response to counteract this bacterial invasion. The relation between oral dysbiosis and innate immune responses remains unclear. We aimed to understand the relationship between innate immune response and the oral microbiota by quantifying the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and proinflammatory markers (cytokines and a chemokine) in dental pulp tissue, either exposed or not to carious dentin, and to correlate this information with the oral microbiome found in healthy teeth and those with moderate caries. RNA was purified from pulp tissue, subjected to RT-qPCR and analysed with the ΔΔCt method. Supragingival dental plaque of non-carious teeth and dentin of carious teeth were subjected to 16S targeted sequencing. Principal coordinate analysis, permutational multivariate ANOVA, and linear discriminant analysis were used to assess differences between non-carious and carious teeth. Correlations were assessed with Spearman´s test and corrected for multiple comparisons using the FDR method. The relative abundance (RA) of Lactobacillus, Actinomyces, Prevotella, and Mitsuokella was increased in carious teeth; while the RA of Haemophilus and Porphyromonas decreased. Olsenella and Parascardovia were only detected in carious teeth. Significant overexpression of interleukin 1 beta (IL1 β), IL6, and CXCL8 was detected in pulp tissue exposed to carious dentin. IL1β correlated positively with TLR2 and Actinomyces; yet negatively with Porphyromonas. These findings suggest that immune response of pulp tissue chronically exposed to cariogenic microbiome is triggered by proinflammatory cytokines IL1β and IL6 and the chemokine CXCL8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Pamela Gómez-García
- Unidad de Investigación UNAM-INC, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Yolanda López-Vidal
- Programa de Inmunología Molecular Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sandra Pinto-Cardoso
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - María Magdalena Aguirre-García
- Unidad de Investigación UNAM-INC, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, México,*Correspondence: María Magdalena Aguirre-García,
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McLean AR, Torres-Morales J, Dewhirst FE, Borisy GG, Welch JLM. Site-tropism of streptococci in the oral microbiome. Mol Oral Microbiol 2022; 37:229-243. [PMID: 36073311 PMCID: PMC9691528 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A detailed understanding of where bacteria localize is necessary to advance microbial ecology and microbiome-based therapeutics. The site-specialist hypothesis predicts that most microbes in the human oral cavity have a primary habitat type within the mouth where they are most abundant. We asked whether this hypothesis accurately describes the distribution of the members of the genus Streptococcus, a clinically relevant taxon that dominates most oral sites. Prior analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing data indicated that some oral Streptococcus clades are site-specialists while others may be generalists. However, within complex microbial populations composed of numerous closely related species and strains, such as the oral streptococci, genome-scale analysis is necessary to provide the resolution to discriminate closely related taxa with distinct functional roles. Here, we assess whether individual species within this genus are specialists using publicly available genomic sequence data that provide species-level resolution. We chose a set of high-quality representative genomes for human oral Streptococcus species. Onto these genomes, we mapped shotgun metagenomic sequencing reads from supragingival plaque, tongue dorsum, and other sites in the oral cavity. We found that every abundant Streptococcus species in the healthy human oral cavity showed strong site-tropism and that even closely related species such as S. mitis, S. oralis, and S. infantis specialized in different sites. These findings indicate that closely related bacteria can have distinct habitat distributions in the absence of dispersal limitation and under similar environmental conditions and immune regimes. Substantial overlap between the core genes of these three species suggests that site-specialization is determined by subtle differences in genomic content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R. McLean
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
| | | | - Floyd E. Dewhirst
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115
| | | | - Jessica L. Mark Welch
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
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Exploiting Conserved Quorum Sensing Signals in Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122386. [PMID: 36557639 PMCID: PMC9785397 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial species of the Streptococcus genera are considered either commensal bacteria or potential pathogens, according to their metabolic evolution and production of quorum sensing (QS)-controlled virulence factors. S. mutans, in particular, has become one of the best-studied examples of bacteria that are able to get along or cheat commensal species, even of the same genera. S. mutans and S. pneumoniae share homolog QS pathways and a competence stimulating peptide (CSP) for regulating bacteriocin production. Intriguingly, the abundance of S. pneumoniae and S. mutans alternates in complex microbial communities, thus opening the role for the fratricide communication of homolog QS systems. Since the inhibition of the QS has been proposed in treating bacterial infections, in this study, we designed and synthesized analogs of S. pneumoniae CSP with precise residual modifications. We reported that S. pneumoniae CSP analogs reduced the expression of genes involved in the QS of S. mutans and biofilm formation without affecting bacterial growth. The CSP analogs inhibited bacteriocin production in S. mutans, as reported by co-cultures with commensal bacteria of the oral cavity. The peptide CSP1AA, bearing substitutions in the residues involved in QS receptor recognition and activation, reported the most significant quorum-quenching activities. Our findings provide new insights into specific chemical drivers in the CSP sequences controlling the interconnection between S. mutans and S. pneumoniae. We think that the results reported in this study open the way for new therapeutic interventions in controlling the virulence factors in complex microbial communities such as the oral microbiota.
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Korona-Glowniak I, Skawinska-Bednarczyk A, Wrobel R, Pietrak J, Tkacz-Ciebiera I, Maslanko-Switala M, Krawczyk D, Bakiera A, Borek A, Malm A, Mielnik-Blaszczak M. Streptococcus sobrinus as a Predominant Oral Bacteria Related to the Occurrence of Dental Caries in Polish Children at 12 Years Old. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192215005. [PMID: 36429724 PMCID: PMC9690266 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries is listed by the WHO as one of the major non-communicable diseases that need to be prevented and treated. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of caries expressed as the Decayed, Missing and Filled Permanent Teeth (DMFT) index in 12-year-old Polish children and to verify bacterial species related to the occurrence of dental caries. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of DNA isolated from saliva samples was performed to detect 8 cariogenic and periopathogenic bacterial strains. A total of 118 Polish children were enrolled in the study. They had low mean DMFT scores of 1.58 ± 1.98. The prevalence of dental caries in the children tested was low (53.4%), with a tendency to decrease compared to previous oral surveys. Bacterial abundance of other species in the dental caries and caries-free groups did not differ; however, periopathogenic Prevotella pallens, Fusobacterium nucleatum along with cariogenic Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus fermentum were significantly strongly correlated in the caries-active subjects. The prevalence of S. sobrinus was significantly higher in children with dental caries (p = 0.023) and correlated with higher DMFT. It may temporarily play an important role in the initiation of the cariogenic process or in its enhancement due to an ecological imbalance in dental microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Korona-Glowniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Rafal Wrobel
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Pietrak
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | - Dorota Krawczyk
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Adrian Bakiera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Borek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Malm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Using Copper-Doped Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanospheres to Impart Anti-Bacterial Properties to Dental Composites. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102241. [PMID: 36297676 PMCID: PMC9611516 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental dental resin composites containing copper-doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanospheres (Cu-MBGN) were developed to impart anti-bacterial properties. Increasing amounts of Cu-MBGN (0, 1, 5 and 10 wt%) were added to the BisGMA/TEGDMA resin matrix containing micro- and nano-fillers of inert glass, keeping the resin/filler ratio constant. Surface micromorphology and elemental analysis were performed to evaluate the homogeneous distribution of filler particles. The study investigated the effects of Cu-MBGN on the degree of conversion, polymerization shrinkage, porosity, ion release and anti-bacterial activity on S. mutans and A. naeslundii. Experimental materials containing Cu-MBGN showed a dose-dependent Cu release with an initial burst and a further increase after 28 days. The composite containing 10% Cu-MBGN had the best anti-bacterial effect on S. mutans, as evidenced by the lowest adherence of free-floating bacteria and biofilm formation. In contrast, the 45S5-containing materials had the highest S. mutans adherence. Ca release was highest in the bioactive control containing 15% 45S5, which correlated with the highest number of open porosities on the surface. Polymerization shrinkage was similar for all tested materials, ranging from 3.8 to 4.2%, while the degree of conversion was lower for Cu-MBGN materials. Cu-MBGN composites showed better anti-bacterial properties than composites with 45S5 BG.
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Oral Microbiome and Dental Caries Development. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10100184. [PMID: 36285994 PMCID: PMC9601200 DOI: 10.3390/dj10100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries remains the most prevalent oral disease worldwide. The development of dental caries is highly associated with the microbiota in the oral cavity. Microbiological research of dental caries has been conducted for over a century, with conventional culture-based methods and targeted molecular methods being used in order to identify the microorganisms related to dental caries. These methods’ major limitation is that they can identify only part of the culturable microorganisms in the oral cavity. Introducing sequencing-based technology and bioinformatics analysis has boosted oral microbiome research and greatly expanded the understanding of complex oral microbiology. With the continuing revolution of molecular technologies and the accumulated sequence data of the oral microbiome, researchers have realized that microbial composition alone may be insufficient to uncover the relationship between caries and the microbiome. Most updated evidence has coupled metagenomics with transcriptomics and metabolomics techniques in order to comprehensively understand the microbial contribution to dental caries. Therefore, the objective of this article is to give an overview of the research of the oral microbiome and the development of dental caries. This article reviews the classical concepts of the microbiological aspect of dental caries and updates the knowledge of caries microbiology with the results of current studies on the oral microbiome. This paper also provides an update on the caries etiological theory, the microorganisms related to caries development, and the shifts in the microbiome in dental caries development.
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Huang X, Chen X, Gong X, Xu Y, Xu Z, Gao X. Characteristics of salivary microbiota in children with obstructive sleep apnea: A prospective study with polysomnography. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:945284. [PMID: 36105146 PMCID: PMC9465092 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.945284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesThe present study aimed to investigate the characteristics of salivary microbiota of children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and to assess longitudinal alterations in salivary microbiota before and after adenotonsillectomy.MethodsA set of cross-sectional samples consisted of 36 OSA children (17 boys and 19 girls, 7.47 ± 2.24 years old) and 22 controls (9 boys and 13 girls, 7.55 ± 2.48 years old) were included in the study, among which eight OSA children (five boys and three girls, 8.8 ± 2.0 years old) who underwent treatment of adenotonsillectomy were followed up after 1 year. Saliva samples were collected, and microbial profiles were analyzed by bioinformatics analysis based on 16S rRNA sequencing.ResultsIn cross-sectional samples, the OSA group had higher α-diversity as estimated by Chao1, Shannon, Simpson, Pielou_e, and observed species as compared with the control group (p < 0.05). β-Diversity based on the Bray–Curtis dissimilarities (p = 0.004) and Jaccard distances (p = 0.001) revealed a significant separation between the OSA group and control group. Nested cross-validated random forest classifier identified the 10 most important genera (Lactobacillus, Escherichia, Bifidobacterium, Capnocytophaga, Bacteroidetes_[G-7], Parvimonas, Bacteroides, Klebsiella, Lautropia, and Prevotella) that could differentiate OSA children from controls with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.94. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis revealed a significantly higher abundance of genera such as Prevotella (p = 0.027), Actinomyces (p = 0.015), Bifidobacterium (p < 0.001), Escherichia (p < 0.001), and Lactobacillus (p < 0.001) in the OSA group, among which Prevotella was further corroborated in longitudinal samples. Prevotella sp_HMT_396 was found to be significantly enriched in the OSA group (p = 0.02) with significantly higher levels as OSA severity increased (p = 0.014), and it had a lower abundance in the post-treatment group (p = 0.003) with a decline in each OSA child 1 year after adenotonsillectomy.ConclusionsA significantly higher microbial diversity and a significant difference in microbial composition and abundance were identified in salivary microbiota of OSA children compared with controls. Meanwhile, some characteristic genera (Prevotella, Actinomyces, Lactobacillus, Escherichia, and Bifidobacterium) were found in OSA children, among which the relationship between Prevotella spp. and OSA is worth further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xuehui Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Gong
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifei Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xuemei Gao,
| | - Xuemei Gao
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xuemei Gao,
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35
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Hsieh YP, Hung YM, Tsai MH, Lai LC, Chuang EY. 16S-ITGDB: An Integrated Database for Improving Species Classification of Prokaryotic 16S Ribosomal RNA Sequences. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 2:905489. [PMID: 36304264 PMCID: PMC9580931 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2022.905489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Analyzing 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences allows researchers to elucidate the prokaryotic composition of an environment. In recent years, third-generation sequencing technology has provided opportunities for researchers to perform full-length sequence analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA. RDP, SILVA, and Greengenes are the most widely used 16S rRNA databases. Many 16S rRNA classifiers have used these databases as a reference for taxonomic assignment tasks. However, some of the prokaryotic taxonomies only exist in one of the three databases. Furthermore, Greengenes and SILVA include a considerable number of taxonomies that do not have the resolution to the species level, which has limited the classifiers’ performance. In order to improve the accuracy of taxonomic assignment at the species level for full-length 16S rRNA sequences, we manually curated the three databases and removed the sequences that did not have a species name. We then established a taxonomy-based integrated database by considering both taxonomies and sequences from all three 16S rRNA databases and validated it by a mock community. Results showed that our taxonomy-based integrated database had improved taxonomic resolution to the species level. The integrated database and the related datasets are available at https://github.com/yphsieh/ItgDB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Peng Hsieh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Mao Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Hsun Tsai
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Center of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Chuan Lai
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Center of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Eric Y. Chuang, ; Liang-Chuan Lai,
| | - Eric Y. Chuang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Center of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Biomedical Engineering, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Eric Y. Chuang, ; Liang-Chuan Lai,
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Li Q, Zhou F, Su Z, Li Y, Li J. Corynebacterium matruchotii: A Confirmed Calcifying Bacterium With a Potentially Important Role in the Supragingival Plaque. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:940643. [PMID: 35875585 PMCID: PMC9298747 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.940643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium matruchotii is a reported calcifying bacterium that can usually be isolated from dental calculus and induce mineralization in vitro. In recent years, based on in situ hybridization probe and sequencing technology, researchers have discovered the central "pillar" role of C. matruchotii in supragingival plaque, and many studies focused on bacterial interactions in the biofilm structure dominated by C. matruchotii have been conducted. Besides, C. matruchotii seems to be an indicator of "caries-free" oral status according to imaging and sequencing studies. Therefore, in this review, we summarize C. matruchotii 's role in supragingival plaque based on the structure, interactions, and potential connections with oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fangjie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhifei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Optimization and Evaluation of the 30S-S11 rRNA Gene for Taxonomic Profiling of Oral Streptococci. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0045322. [PMID: 35730938 PMCID: PMC9275224 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00453-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a multifactorial disease driven by interactions between the highly complex microbial biofilm community and host factors like diet, oral hygiene habits, and age. The oral streptococci are one of the most dominant members of the plaque biofilm and are implicated in disease but also in maintaining oral health. Current methods used for studying the supragingival plaque community commonly sequence portions of the16S rRNA gene, which often cannot taxonomically resolve members of the streptococcal community past the genus level due to their sequence similarity. The goal of this study was to design and evaluate a more reliable and cost-effective method to identify oral streptococci at the species level by applying a new locus, the 30S-S11 rRNA gene, for high-throughput amplicon sequencing. The study results demonstrate that the newly developed single-copy 30S-S11 gene locus resolved multiple amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) within numerous species, providing much improved taxonomic resolution over 16S rRNA V4. Moreover, the results reveal that different ASVs within a species were found to change in abundance at different stages of caries progression. These findings suggest that strains of a single species may perform distinct roles along a biochemical spectrum associated with health and disease. The improved identification of oral streptococcal species will provide a better understanding of the different ecological roles of oral streptococci and inform the design of novel oral probiotic formulations for prevention and treatment of dental caries. IMPORTANCE The microbiota associated with the initiation and progression of dental caries has yet to be fully characterized. Although much insight has been gained from 16S rRNA hypervariable region DNA sequencing, this approach has several limitations, including poor taxonomic resolution at the species level. This is particularly relevant for oral streptococci, which are abundant members of oral biofilm communities and major players in health and caries disease. Here, we develop a new method for taxonomic profiling of oral streptococci based on the 30S-S11 rRNA gene, which provides much improved resolution over 16S rRNA V4 (resolving 10 as opposed to 2 species). Importantly, 30S-S11 can resolve multiple amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) within species, providing an unprecedented insight into the ecological progression of caries. For example, our findings reveal multiple incidences of different ASVs within a species with contrasting associations with health or disease, a finding that has high relevance toward the informed design of prebiotic and probiotic therapy.
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38
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Pan T, Lin H, Zhou Y. Metabolic differences of the oral microbiome related to dental caries - A pilot study. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 141:105471. [PMID: 35689993 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the composition and functions discrepancy of supragingival plaque associated with active deciduous teeth caries in mixed dentitions. DESIGN Thirty-three subjects with mixed dentition participated in this study. Children with deciduous teeth caries (dt ≥ 3) were recruited to the caries group, whereas children without deciduous teeth caries (dt = 0) were recruited to the caries-free group. Plaque were collected from deciduous teeth surface and permanent teeth surface respectively. A total of 66 samples of dental plaque were collected and conserved. Illumina 16S rRNA sequencing and diversity analysis were performed for microbiome. Untargeted liquid chromatograph-mass (LC-MS) and partial least squares discriminant analysis were performed for metabolome. RESULTS A dominant microbiome of 8 phyla and 22 genera were detected. The alpha diversity indices did not detect differences between the caries and caries-free groups (p > 0.05). Beta diversity analysis showed that the microbiota composition was similar between subgroups. Comparative analysis at genus level did not detect difference between caries and caries-free subgroups. The metabolomics analysis yielded 419 biochemical metabolites, 56 of which were related to caries status. Metabolites in glucose metabolism and byproducts of oxidative stress were identified as related to dental caries in mixed dentition. Dominant bacteria are positively correlated with metabolites, such as Streptococcus and organic acids. CONCLUSIONS The upgrade of glucose metabolism and oxidative stress was observed in caries status. Functions discrepancy of oral microbiome may be more pronounced than the composition of oral microbiome with active dental caries in mixed dentitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Dental Disease Prevention and Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yuwen Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Dental Disease Prevention and Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ting Pan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Dental Disease Prevention and Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Huancai Lin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Dental Disease Prevention and Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yan Zhou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Dental Disease Prevention and Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Dinis M, Traynor W, Agnello M, Sim MS, He X, Shi W, Lux R, Tran NC. Tooth-Specific Streptococcus mutans Distribution and Associated Microbiome. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061129. [PMID: 35744648 PMCID: PMC9230744 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is multifactorial and polymicrobial in nature and remains one of the most common oral diseases. While caries research has focused on Streptococcus mutans as the main etiological pathogen, its impact at the tooth level is not fully understood. In this cross-sectional study, the levels and distribution of S. mutans in the posterior teeth at different dentition stages were investigated along with the corresponding tooth-specific microbiome. Occlusal plaque samples of 87 individual posterior teeth were collected from thirty children in three dentition stages (primary, mixed, and permanent). The S. mutans levels in the occlusal plaque of individual posterior teeth were quantified with qPCR, and those with preferential colonization were selected for tooth-specific microbiome analysis using 16S rRNA sequencing. Results: Quantification of S. mutans levels in the occlusal plaque confirmed the preferential colonization on the first primary and permanent molars. These teeth were selected for further tooth-specific microbiome sequencing, as they also displayed high caries experience. There were significant differences in the relative abundance of the four most abundant genera: Neisseria, Streptococcus, Rothia, and Veillonella. Furthermore, the tooth-level caries experience was correlated with a reduction in the microbiome diversity. Analyzing the different tooth-associated microbial communities, distinct tooth-specific core microbiomes were identified. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that caries susceptibility at the tooth level, depending on tooth type and dentition stage, is influenced by individual species as well as plaque community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Dinis
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (M.D.); (W.T.)
| | - William Traynor
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (M.D.); (W.T.)
| | - Melissa Agnello
- Section of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (M.A.); (X.H.); (W.S.)
| | - Myung-Shin Sim
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, Department of Medicine Statistics Core, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Xuesong He
- Section of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (M.A.); (X.H.); (W.S.)
- The Forsyth Institute, Microbiology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Wenyuan Shi
- Section of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (M.A.); (X.H.); (W.S.)
- The Forsyth Institute, Microbiology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Renate Lux
- Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Nini Chaichanasakul Tran
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (M.D.); (W.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Wu TT, Xiao J, Manning S, Saraithong P, Pattanaporn K, Paster BJ, Chen T, Vasani S, Gilbert C, Zeng Y, Li Y. Multimodal Data Integration Reveals Mode of Delivery and Snack Consumption Outrank Salivary Microbiome in Association With Caries Outcome in Thai Children. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:881899. [PMID: 35677657 PMCID: PMC9168266 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.881899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Early childhood caries (ECC) is not only the most common chronic childhood disease but also disproportionately affects underserved populations. Of those, children living in Thailand have been found to have high rates of ECC and severe ECC. Frequently, the cause of ECC is blamed on a handful of cariogenic organisms, such as Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. However, ECC is a multifactorial disease that results from an ecological shift in the oral cavity from a neutral pH (~7.5) to an acidic pH (<5.5) environment influenced by the host individual’s biological, socio-behavioral, and lifestyle factors. Currently, there is a lack of understanding of how risk factors at various levels influence the oral health of children at risk. We applied a statistical machine learning approach for multimodal data integration (parallel and hierarchical) to identify caries-related multiplatform factors in a large cohort of mother-child dyads living in Chiang Mai, Thailand (N=177). Whole saliva (1 mL) was collected from each individual for DNA extraction and 16S rRNA sequencing. A set of maternal and early childhood factors were included in the data analysis. Significantly, vaginal delivery, preterm birth, and frequent sugary snacking were found to increase the risk for ECC. The salivary microbial diversity was significantly different in children with ECC or without ECC. Results of linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis of the microbial community demonstrated that S. mutans, Prevotella histicola, and Leptotrichia hongkongensis were significantly enriched in ECC children. Whereas Fusobacterium periodonticum was less abundant among caries-free children, suggesting its potential to be a candidate biomarker for good oral health. Based on the multimodal data integration and statistical machine learning models, the study revealed that the mode of delivery and snack consumption outrank salivary microbiome in predicting ECC in Thai children. The biological and behavioral factors may play significant roles in the microbial pathobiology of ECC and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Tong Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Jin Xiao
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Yihong Li, ; Jin Xiao,
| | - Samantha Manning
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Prakaimuk Saraithong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical School University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | - Bruce J. Paster
- Department of Microbiology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Tsute Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Shruti Vasani
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Christie Gilbert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Yan Zeng
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Yihong Li
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University Master of Public Health Program, Ithaca, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Yihong Li, ; Jin Xiao,
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Saeed NK, Al-Beltagi M, Bediwy AS, El-Sawaf Y, Toema O. Gut microbiota in various childhood disorders: Implication and indications. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:1875-1901. [PMID: 35664966 PMCID: PMC9150060 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i18.1875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota has a significant role in gut development, maturation, and immune system differentiation. It exerts considerable effects on the child's physical and mental development. The gut microbiota composition and structure depend on many host and microbial factors. The host factors include age, genetic pool, general health, dietary factors, medication use, the intestine's pH, peristalsis, and transit time, mucus secretions, mucous immunoglobulin, and tissue oxidation-reduction potentials. The microbial factors include nutrient availability, bacterial cooperation or antagonism, and bacterial adhesion. Each part of the gut has its microbiota due to its specific characteristics. The gut microbiota interacts with different body parts, affecting the pathogenesis of many local and systemic diseases. Dysbiosis is a common finding in many childhood disorders such as autism, failure to thrive, nutritional disorders, coeliac disease, Necrotizing Enterocolitis, helicobacter pylori infection, functional gastrointestinal disorders of childhood, inflammatory bowel diseases, and many other gastrointestinal disorders. Dysbiosis is also observed in allergic conditions like atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. Dysbiosis can also impact the development and the progression of immune disorders and cardiac disorders, including heart failure. Probiotic supplements could provide some help in managing these disorders. However, we are still in need of more studies. In this narrative review, we will shed some light on the role of microbiota in the development and management of common childhood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermin Kamal Saeed
- Medical Microbiology Section, Department of Pathology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Manama 12, Bahrain
- Microbiology Section, Department of Pathology, Irish Royal College of Surgeon, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain
| | - Mohammed Al-Beltagi
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center, Arabian Gulf University, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Manama 26671, Bahrain
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
| | - Adel Salah Bediwy
- Department of Chest Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center, Arabian Gulf University, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Yasser El-Sawaf
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Center, Arabian Gulf University, Dr. Sulaiman Al-Habib Medical Group, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Osama Toema
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
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Xu H, Tian B, Shi W, Tian J, Wang W, Qin M. Maturation of the oral microbiota during primary teeth eruption: a longitudinal, preliminary study. J Oral Microbiol 2022; 14:2051352. [PMID: 35309409 PMCID: PMC8933015 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2051352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oral microbiota that established in the early years of life may influence the child’s oral health in the long term. Until now, no consensus is reached about whether the development of the oral microbiota is more related with age increase or more with teeth eruption. Objective To analyze the microbiota development of both saliva and supragingival plaque during the gradual eruption of primary teeth in caries-free infants and toddlers. Methods Saliva and plaque samples were collected at five and four dentition states, respectively, and were identified by bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results During the longitudinal observation, the saliva ecosystem seemed more complex and dynamic than the plaque, with larger bacteria quantity and more significantly varied species over time. About 70% of the initial colonized OTUs in plaque persisted until the completion of the primary dentition. Transient bacteria were mostly detected in the early saliva and plaque microbiota, which came from the environment and other sites of the human body. Microbial diversity in both saliva and plaque varied greatly from pre-dentition to full eruption of eight anterior teeth, but not during the eruption of primary molars. Conclusion Oral bacterial development follows an ordered sequence during the primary teeth eruption. ‘Fully eruption of all primary anterior teeth’ is a critical stage in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Xu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, Hebei Province, China
| | - Bijun Tian
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, Hebei Province, China
| | - Weihua Shi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, Hebei Province, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, Hebei Province, China
| | - Man Qin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, Hebei Province, China
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Culp DJ, Hull W, Schultz AC, Bryant AS, Lizarraga CA, Dupuis MR, Chakraborty B, Lee K, Burne RA. Testing of candidate probiotics to prevent dental caries induced by Streptococcus mutans in a mouse model. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:3853-3869. [PMID: 35262250 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We evaluated two species of human oral commensal streptococci in protection against dental caries induced by Streptococcus mutans. METHODS AND RESULTS Candidate probiotics, Streptococcus sp. A12, Streptococcus sanguinis BCC23 and an arginine deiminase mutant of BCC23 (∆arcADS) were tested for their ability to reduce S. mutans-induced caries in an established mouse model. Mice were colonized with a probiotic, challenged with S. mutans, then intermittently reinoculated with a probiotic strain. Oral colonization of each strain and autochthonous bacteria was assessed by qPCR. Both BCC23 strains, but not A12, were associated with markedly reduced sulcal caries, persistently colonized mucosal and dental biofilms, and significantly lowered S. mutans counts. All three strains enhanced mucosal colonization of autochthonous bacteria. In a follow-up experiment, when S. mutans was established first, dental and mucosal colonization of S. mutans was unaltered by a subsequent challenge with either BCC23 strain. Results between BCC23 and BCC23 ∆arcADS were equivalent. CONCLUSIONS BCC23 is a potential probiotic to treat patients at high caries risk. Its effectiveness is independent of ADS activity, but initial dental cleaning to enhance establishment in dental biofilms may be required. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY In vivo testing of candidate probiotics is highly informative, as effectiveness is not always reflected by genotype or in vitro behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Culp
- University of Florida College of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - William Hull
- University of Florida College of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alexander C Schultz
- University of Florida College of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ashley S Bryant
- University of Florida College of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Claudia A Lizarraga
- University of Florida College of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Madeline R Dupuis
- University of Florida College of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brinta Chakraborty
- University of Florida College of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kyulim Lee
- University of Florida College of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Robert A Burne
- University of Florida College of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Zhang Y, Fang J, Yang J, Gao X, Dong L, Zheng X, Sun L, Xia B, Zhao N, Ma Z, Wang Y. Streptococcus mutans-associated bacteria in dental plaque of severe early childhood caries. J Oral Microbiol 2022; 14:2046309. [PMID: 35251525 PMCID: PMC8896182 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2046309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is a potential pathogenic bacteria of dental caries. However, the level of S. mutans is low in some children with severe early childhood caries (SECC) Aim To evaluate the effect of S. mutans level on dental microbiome and cariogenesis. Methods The oral microbiota was compared between caries-free group (CF) and SECC group.16S rRNA gene sequencing was used for S. mutans level bacterial community analysis. The candidate bacteria that were closely related with S. mutans abundance were identified and confirmed by absolute quantitative real-time PCR in clinical dental plaque samples from CF and SECC groups. Results Through in-depth analysis of dental plaque microorganism, Leptotrichia, Selenomonas and Prevotella_7 were found in the S. mutans-low group (p < 0.05) and Porphyromonas, Selenomonas_3 were found in the S. mutans-high group (p < 0.05). Through quantitative real-time PCR, Leptotrichia, Selenomonas and Prevotella_7 were identified as the potential biomarkers of SECC when S. mutans was at a low level. Conclusion Leptotrichia, Selenomonas and Prevotella_7 are identified as potential biomarkers in SECC with a low abundance or without S. mutans. Our study may shed light on the understanding of caries occurrence in SECC with low abundance of S. mutans. Abbreviations S. mutans, Streptococcus mutans; CF, caries-free; SECC, severe early childhood caries; ECC, early childhood caries; rRNA, ribosome RNA; qPCR, Quantitative real-time PCR; OTUs, operational taxonomic units; ANOVA, analysis of variance; LDA, Linear discriminant analysis; LEfSe, Linear discriminant analysis effect size; COG, Groups of proteins; NMDS, Non-MetricMulti-Dimensional Scaling; IL-1β, interleukin −1β; IL-6, interleukin-6; IL-8, interleukin-8; IL-10, interleukin-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Zhang
- Central Laboratory Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiakun Fang
- Office of Operations Management, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolei Gao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Liying Dong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Liangjie Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Xia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeyun Ma
- Department of VIP Service, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Central Laboratory Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Esberg A, Eriksson L, Johansson I. Site- and Time-Dependent Compositional Shifts in Oral Microbiota Communities. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:826996. [PMID: 35300180 PMCID: PMC8921071 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.826996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesThe oral microbiota plays a significant role in oral health. The present study aims to characterize variations in the oral microbiota relative to the collection site, the dynamics of biofilm accumulation, and inherent inter-individual differences.MethodsWhole stimulated saliva and tooth biofilm samples from the 16 defined tooth regions were collected after 1, 2, or 3 days without oral hygiene (accumulation time) in six healthy adults with no signs of active caries or periodontal disease. The routines and conditions before and between sample collections were carefully standardized. Genomic DNA was extracted, and the V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were amplified by PCR and sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq platform. Sequences were quality controlled, amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were clustered, and taxonomic allocation was performed against the expanded Human Oral Microbiome Database (eHOMD). Microbial community profiles were analyzed by multivariate modeling and a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) method.ResultsThe overall species profile in saliva and tooth biofilm differed between participants, as well as sample type, with a significantly higher diversity in tooth biofilm samples than saliva. On average, 45% of the detected species were shared between the two sample types. The microbiota profile changed from the most anterior to the most posterior tooth regions regardless of whether sampling was done after 1, 2, or 3 days without oral hygiene. Increasing accumulation time led to higher numbers of detected species in both the saliva and region-specific tooth biofilm niches.ConclusionThe present study confirms that the differences between individuals dominate over sample type and the time abstaining from oral hygiene for oral microbiota shaping. Therefore, a standardized accumulation time may be less important for some research questions aiming at separating individuals. Furthermore, the amount of DNA is sufficient if at least two teeth are sampled for microbiota characterization, which allows a site-specific characterization of, for example, caries or periodontitis.
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Thomas SC, Xu F, Pushalkar S, Lin Z, Thakor N, Vardhan M, Flaminio Z, Khodadadi-Jamayran A, Vasconcelos R, Akapo A, Queiroz E, Bederoff M, Janal MN, Guo Y, Aguallo D, Gordon T, Corby PM, Kamer AR, Li X, Saxena D. Electronic Cigarette Use Promotes a Unique Periodontal Microbiome. mBio 2022; 13:e0007522. [PMID: 35189698 PMCID: PMC8903898 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00075-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) have become prevalent as an alternative to conventional cigarette smoking, particularly in youth. E-cig aerosols contain unique chemicals which alter the oral microbiome and promote dysbiosis in ways we are just beginning to investigate. We conducted a 6-month longitudinal study involving 84 subjects who were either e-cig users, conventional smokers, or nonsmokers. Periodontal condition, cytokine levels, and subgingival microbial community composition were assessed, with periodontal, clinical, and cytokine measures reflecting cohort habit and positively correlating with pathogenic taxa (e.g., Treponema, Saccharibacteria, and Porphyromonas). α-Diversity increased similarly across cohorts longitudinally, yet each cohort maintained a unique microbiome. The e-cig microbiome shared many characteristics with the microbiome of conventional smokers and some with nonsmokers, yet it maintained a unique subgingival microbial community enriched in Fusobacterium and Bacteroidales (G-2). Our data suggest that e-cig use promotes a unique periodontal microbiome, existing as a stable heterogeneous state between those of conventional smokers and nonsmokers and presenting unique oral health challenges. IMPORTANCE Electronic cigarette (e-cig) use is gaining in popularity and is often perceived as a healthier alternative to conventional smoking. Yet there is little evidence of the effects of long-term use of e-cigs on oral health. Conventional cigarette smoking is a prominent risk factor for the development of periodontitis, an oral disease affecting nearly half of adults over 30 years of age in the United States. Periodontitis is initiated through a disturbance in the microbial biofilm communities inhabiting the unique space between teeth and gingival tissues. This disturbance instigates host inflammatory and immune responses and, if left untreated, leads to tooth and bone loss and systemic diseases. We found that the e-cig user's periodontal microbiome is unique, eliciting unique host responses. Yet some similarities to the microbiomes of both conventional smokers and nonsmokers exist, with strikingly more in common with that of cigarette smokers, suggesting that there is a unique periodontal risk associated with e-cig use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C. Thomas
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fangxi Xu
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Smruti Pushalkar
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ziyan Lin
- Applied Bioinformatics Labs, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nirali Thakor
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mridula Vardhan
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zia Flaminio
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Rebeca Vasconcelos
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adenike Akapo
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Erica Queiroz
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maria Bederoff
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Malvin N. Janal
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Promotion, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yuqi Guo
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Deanna Aguallo
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Terry Gordon
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Patricia M. Corby
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Angela R. Kamer
- Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Deepak Saxena
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
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Fakhruddin KS, Samaranayake LP, Hamoudi RA, Ngo HC, Egusa H. Diversity of site-specific microbes of occlusal and proximal lesions in severe- early childhood caries (S-ECC). J Oral Microbiol 2022; 14:2037832. [PMID: 35173909 PMCID: PMC8843124 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2037832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe-early childhood caries (S-ECC) a global problem of significant concern, commonly manifest on the occlusal, and proximal surfaces of affected teeth. Despite the major ecological differences between these two niches the compositional differences, if any, in the microbiota of such lesions is unknown. Methods Deep-dentine caries samples from asymptomatic primary molars of children with S-ECC (n 19) belonging to caries-code 5/6, (ICDAS classification) were evaluated. Employing two primer pools, we amplified and compared the bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences of the seven hypervariable regions (V2—V4 and V6—V9) using NGS-based assay. Results Bray-Curtisevaluation indicated that occlusal lesions (OL) had a more homogeneous community than the proximal lesions (PL) with significant compositional differences at the species level (p = 0.01; R- 0.513). Together, the occlusal and proximal niches harbored 263 species, of which 202 (76.8%) species were common to both , while 49 (18.6%) and 12 (4.6%) disparate species were exclusively isolated from the proximal and occlusal niches, respectively. The most commonl genera at both niches included Streptococcus, Prevotella, and Lactobacillus. S. mutans was predominant in PL (p ≤ 0.05), and Atopobium parvulum (p = 0.01) was predominant in OL. Conclusions Distinct differences exist between the caries microbiota of occlusal and proximal caries in S-ECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kausar Sadia Fakhruddin
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai-city, Japan
| | | | - Rifat Akram Hamoudi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hien Chi Ngo
- Uwa Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai-city, Japan
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Dame-Teixeira N, de Lima AKA, Do T, Stefani CM. Meta-Analysis Using NGS Data: The Veillonella Species in Dental Caries. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 2:770917. [PMID: 35048071 PMCID: PMC8757819 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.770917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: In light of recent technological advances in Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and the accumulation of large, publicly available oral microbiome datasets, the need for meta-analysing data on caries microbiome is becoming feasible and essential. A consensus on the identification of enriched organisms in cariogenic dysbiotic biofilms would be reached. For example, members of the Veillonella genus have been detected in caries biofilms, and may have an underestimated contribution to the dysbiotic process. Hence, we aimed to determine the abundance of Veillonella species in dental caries in studies using NGS data. Materials and Methods: Analysis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (registered at PROSPERO: CRD42020204150). Studies investigating microbial composition in saliva, dental biofilm, or carious dentin were included. Six databases and grey literature were searched. Two independent reviewers selected the papers and assessed the methodological quality. Results: Searches retrieved 1,323 titles, from which 38 studies were included in a qualitative synthesis, comprising a total of 1,374 caries and 745 caries-free individuals. Most studies analysed 16S rRNA amplicons, and only 5 studies used shotgun metagenomics and metatranscriptomics. A geographical bias was observed. The methodological quality was downrated in 81.5% of the studies due to the lack of criteria for defining cases and standard criteria used for measurement of the condition in a reliable way. Six studies on early childhood caries (ECC) were meta-analysed, confirming a significant enrichment of Veillonella spp. in caries-associated biofilms (but not saliva) when compared to caries-free controls [mean difference: 2.22 (0.54–3.90); p = 0.01]. Conclusions:Veillonella spp. is more abundant in individuals suffering with ECC when compared to caries-free controls (very low evidence certainty), and should be considered for further studies to observe their metabolism in dental caries. There is an urgent need for a consensus in methodologies used to allow for more rigorous comparison between NGS studies, particularly including clinical data and details of caries diagnosis, as they are currently scarce. Inconsistent reporting on the NGS data affected the cross-study comparison and the biological connexions of the relative abundances on caries microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naile Dame-Teixeira
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.,Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Thuy Do
- Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Cristine Miron Stefani
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
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Wang Y, Samaranayake LP, Dykes GA. Tea extracts inhibit the attachment of streptococci to oral/dental substrata by reducing hydrogen bonding energies. BIOFOULING 2022; 38:42-54. [PMID: 34886732 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2021.2013826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous work in the authors' lab demonstrated that tea extracts significantly suppressed streptococcal colonization of abiotic substrata by coating the bacterial cell surfaces with tea components. In this study, the physico-chemical mechanisms by which the tea coating inhibits cellular attachment are demonstrated. The changes in the cell surface physico-chemical properties of streptococci, induced by tea extracts, were measured. Using these results, surface interaction energies were calculated between streptococcal cells and hard surfaces (glass, stainless steel, hydroxyapatite and titanium) within the cellular attachment system exploiting the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory. The net energy outcomes were compared with experiment results of attachment assays to validate the predictability of the model. The results showed that the tea extracts inhibited the attachment of the bacteria by 11.1%-91.5%, and reduced the interaction energy by 15.4%-94.9%. It was also demonstrated that the abilities of the bacteria to attach to hard surfaces correlated well with their net interaction energies. The predominant interaction in the systems was found to be hydrogen bonding. In conclusion, tea extracts suppress streptococcal attachment to hard substrata by limiting the formation of hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Gary A Dykes
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Xue M, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Pang B, Yang M, Deng X, Zhang Z, Niu W. Factors Associated With Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Among Chinese Students Aged 6-14 Years. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:911591. [PMID: 35783299 PMCID: PMC9243225 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.911591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We employed machine-learning methods to explore data from a large survey on students, with the goal of identifying and validating a thrifty panel of important factors associated with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). METHODS Cross-sectional cluster sampling was performed for a survey of students aged 6-14 years who attended primary or junior high school in Beijing within January, 2022. Data were collected via electronic questionnaires. Statistical analyses were completed using the PyCharm (Edition 2018.1 x64) and Python (Version 3.7.6). RESULTS Data from 11,308 students (5,527 girls and 5,781 boys) were analyzed, and 909 of them had LRTI with the prevalence of 8.01%. After a comprehensive evaluation, the Gaussian naive Bayes (gNB) algorithm outperformed the other machine-learning algorithms. The gNB algorithm had accuracy of 0.856, precision of 0.140, recall of 0.165, F1 score of 0.151, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.652. Using the optimal gNB algorithm, top five important factors, including age, rhinitis, sitting time, dental caries, and food or drug allergy, had decent prediction performance. In addition, the top five factors had prediction performance comparable to all factors modeled. For example, under the sequential deep-learning model, the accuracy and loss were separately gauged at 92.26 and 25.62% when incorporating the top five factors, and 92.22 and 25.52% when incorporating all factors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed the top five important factors modeled by gNB algorithm can sufficiently represent all involved factors in predicting LRTI risk among Chinese students aged 6-14 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Xue
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yicheng Zhang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Pang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Min Yang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangling Deng
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,International Medical Services, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenquan Niu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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