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Anchordoquy T, Artzi N, Balyasnikova IV, Barenholz Y, La-Beck NM, Brenner JS, Chan WCW, Decuzzi P, Exner AA, Gabizon A, Godin B, Lai SK, Lammers T, Mitchell MJ, Moghimi SM, Muzykantov VR, Peer D, Nguyen J, Popovtzer R, Ricco M, Serkova NJ, Singh R, Schroeder A, Schwendeman AA, Straehla JP, Teesalu T, Tilden S, Simberg D. Mechanisms and Barriers in Nanomedicine: Progress in the Field and Future Directions. ACS NANO 2024; 18:13983-13999. [PMID: 38767983 PMCID: PMC11214758 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, steady progress has been made in synthesizing and characterizing engineered nanoparticles, resulting in several approved drugs and multiple promising candidates in clinical trials. Regulatory agencies such as the Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency released important guidance documents facilitating nanoparticle-based drug product development, particularly in the context of liposomes and lipid-based carriers. Even with the progress achieved, it is clear that many barriers must still be overcome to accelerate translation into the clinic. At the recent conference workshop "Mechanisms and Barriers in Nanomedicine" in May 2023 in Colorado, U.S.A., leading experts discussed the formulation, physiological, immunological, regulatory, clinical, and educational barriers. This position paper invites open, unrestricted, nonproprietary discussion among senior faculty, young investigators, and students to trigger ideas and concepts to move the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Anchordoquy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Natalie Artzi
- Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Irina V Balyasnikova
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University; Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Yechezkel Barenholz
- Membrane and Liposome Research Lab, IMRIC, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Ninh M La-Beck
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, Texas 79601, United States
| | - Jacob S Brenner
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Warren C W Chan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Rosebrugh Building, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Paolo Decuzzi
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Italian Institute of Technology, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Agata A Exner
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Alberto Gabizon
- The Helmsley Cancer Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and The Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, 9103102, Israel
| | - Biana Godin
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine College (WCMC), New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M, College Station, Texas 7784,3 United States
| | - Samuel K Lai
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Center for Biohybrid Medical Systems, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael J Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn Institute for RNA Innovation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - S Moein Moghimi
- School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
- Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, The Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Dan Peer
- Laboratory of Precision Nanomedicine, Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Juliane Nguyen
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Rachela Popovtzer
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002 Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Madison Ricco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Natalie J Serkova
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Ravi Singh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101, United States
- Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101, United States
| | - Avi Schroeder
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Anna A Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, United States
| | - Joelle P Straehla
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 United States
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 United States
| | - Tambet Teesalu
- Laboratory of Precision and Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Scott Tilden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Dmitri Simberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
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Xu Y, Zhang C, Cai D, Zhu R, Cao Y. Exosomal miR-155-5p drives widespread macrophage M1 polarization in hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced acute lung injury via the MSK1/p38-MAPK axis. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:92. [PMID: 37953267 PMCID: PMC10641976 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00505-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) infection-induced sepsis-associated acute lung injury (ALI) has emerged as a significant clinical challenge. Increasing evidence suggests that activated inflammatory macrophages contribute to tissue damage in sepsis. However, the underlying causes of widespread macrophage activation remain unclear. METHODS BALB/c mice were intravenously injected with inactivated hvKp (iHvKp) to observe lung tissue damage, inflammation, and M1 macrophage polarization. In vitro, activated RAW264.7 macrophage-derived exosomes (iHvKp-exo) were isolated and their role in ALI formation was investigated. RT-PCR was conducted to identify changes in exosomal miRNA. Bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to validate MSK1 as a direct target of miR-155-5p. Further in vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted to explore the specific mechanisms involved. RESULTS iHvKp successfully induced ALI in vivo and upregulated the expression of miR-155-5p. In vivo, injection of iHvKp-exo induced inflammatory tissue damage and macrophage M1 polarization. In vitro, iHvKp-exo was found to promote macrophage inflammatory response and M1 polarization through the activation of the p38-MAPK pathway. RT-PCR revealed exposure time-dependent increased levels of miR-155-5p in iHvKp-exo. Dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed the functional role of miR-155-5p in mediating iHvKp-exo effects by targeting MSK1. Additionally, inhibition of miR-155-5p reduced M1 polarization of lung macrophages in vivo, resulting in decreased lung injury and inflammation induced by iHvKp-exo or iHvKp. CONCLUSIONS The aforementioned results indicate that exosomal miR-155-5p drives widespread macrophage inflammation and M1 polarization in hvKp-induced ALI through the MSK1/p38-MAPK Axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunying Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Danni Cai
- Central Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongping Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingping Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.
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Chu WHW, Tan YH, Tan SY, Chen Y, Yong M, Lye DC, Kalimuddin S, Archuleta S, Gan YH. Acquisition of regulator on virulence plasmid of hypervirulent Klebsiella allows bacterial lifestyle switch in response to iron. mBio 2023; 14:e0129723. [PMID: 37530523 PMCID: PMC10470599 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01297-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae causes liver abscess and potentially devastating metastatic complications. The majority of Klebsiella-induced liver abscess are caused by the CG23-I sublineage of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae. This and some other lineages possess a >200-kb virulence plasmid. We discovered a novel protein IroP nestled in the virulence plasmid-encoded salmochelin operon that cross-regulates and suppresses the promoter activity of chromosomal type 3 fimbriae (T3F) gene transcription. IroP is itself repressed by iron through the ferric uptake regulator. Iron-rich conditions increase T3F and suppress capsule mucoviscosity, leading to biofilm formation and cell adhesion. Conversely, iron-poor conditions cause a transcriptional switch to hypermucoid capsule production and T3F repression. The likely acquisition of iroP on mobile genetic elements and successful adaptive integration into the genetic circuitry of a major lineage of hypervirulent K. pneumoniae reveal a powerful example of plasmid chromosomal cross talk that confers an evolutionary advantage. Our discovery also addresses the conundrum of how the hypermucoid capsule that impedes adhesion could be regulated to facilitate biofilm formation and colonization. The acquired ability of the bacteria to alternate between a state favoring dissemination and one that favors colonization in response to iron availability through transcriptional regulation offers novel insights into the evolutionary success of this pathogen. IMPORTANCE Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae contributes to the majority of monomicrobial-induced liver abscess infections that can lead to several other metastatic complications. The large virulence plasmid is highly stable in major lineages, suggesting that it provides survival benefits. We discovered a protein IroP encoded on the virulence plasmid that suppresses expression of the type 3 fimbriae. IroP itself is regulated by iron, and we showed that iron regulates hypermucoid capsule production while inversely regulating type 3 fimbriae expression through IroP. The acquisition and integration of this inverse transcriptional switch between fimbriae and capsule mucoviscosity shows an evolved sophisticated plasmid-chromosomal cross talk that changes the behavior of hypervirulent K. pneumoniae in response to a key nutrient that could contribute to the evolutionary success of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson H. W. Chu
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Han Tan
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Si Yin Tan
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yahua Chen
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Melvin Yong
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David C. Lye
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shirin Kalimuddin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Program in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sophia Archuleta
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yunn-Hwen Gan
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Islam MR, Patel J, Back PI, Shmeeda H, Kallem RR, Shudde C, Markiewski M, Putnam WC, Gabizon AA, La-Beck NM. Pegylated Liposomal Alendronate Biodistribution, Immune Modulation, and Tumor Growth Inhibition in a Murine Melanoma Model. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1309. [PMID: 37759709 PMCID: PMC10527549 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
While tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) have pro-tumoral activity, the ablation of macrophages in cancer may be undesirable since they also have anti-tumoral functions, including T cell priming and activation against tumor antigens. Alendronate is a potent amino-bisphosphonate that modulates the function of macrophages in vitro, with potential as an immunotherapy if its low systemic bioavailability can be addressed. We repurposed alendronate in a non-leaky and long-circulating liposomal carrier similar to that of the clinically approved pegylated liposomal doxorubicin to facilitate rapid clinical translation. Here, we tested liposomal alendronate (PLA) as an immunotherapeutic agent for cancer in comparison with a standard of care immunotherapy, a PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor. We showed that the PLA induced bone marrow-derived murine non-activated macrophages and M2-macrophages to polarize towards an M1-functionality, as evidenced by gene expression, cytokine secretion, and lipidomic profiles. Free alendronate had negligible effects, indicating that liposome encapsulation is necessary for the modulation of macrophage activity. In vivo, the PLA showed significant accumulation in tumor and tumor-draining lymph nodes, sites of tumor immunosuppression that are targets of immunotherapy. The PLA remodeled the tumor microenvironment towards a less immunosuppressive milieu, as indicated by a decrease in TAM and helper T cells, and inhibited the growth of established tumors in the B16-OVA melanoma model. The improved bioavailability and the beneficial effects of PLA on macrophages suggest its potential application as immunotherapy that could synergize with T-cell-targeted therapies and chemotherapies to induce immunogenic cell death. PLA warrants further clinical development, and these clinical trials should incorporate tumor and blood biomarkers or immunophenotyping studies to verify the anti-immunosuppressive effect of PLA in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Rakibul Islam
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA; (M.R.I.); (J.P.); (P.I.B.); (C.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Jalpa Patel
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA; (M.R.I.); (J.P.); (P.I.B.); (C.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Patricia Ines Back
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA; (M.R.I.); (J.P.); (P.I.B.); (C.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Hilary Shmeeda
- Nano-Oncology Research Center, Oncology Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel;
| | - Raja Reddy Kallem
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA; (R.R.K.); (W.C.P.)
- Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Center, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Claire Shudde
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA; (M.R.I.); (J.P.); (P.I.B.); (C.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Maciej Markiewski
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA; (M.R.I.); (J.P.); (P.I.B.); (C.S.); (M.M.)
| | - William C. Putnam
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA; (R.R.K.); (W.C.P.)
- Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Center, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Alberto A. Gabizon
- Nano-Oncology Research Center, Oncology Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel;
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Ninh M. La-Beck
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA; (M.R.I.); (J.P.); (P.I.B.); (C.S.); (M.M.)
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA; (R.R.K.); (W.C.P.)
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Grubwieser P, Hilbe R, Gehrer CM, Grander M, Brigo N, Hoffmann A, Seifert M, Berger S, Theurl I, Nairz M, Weiss G. Klebsiella pneumoniae manipulates human macrophages to acquire iron. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1223113. [PMID: 37637102 PMCID: PMC10451090 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1223113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) is a major cause of hospital-acquired infections, such as pneumonia. Moreover, it is classified as a pathogen of concern due to sprawling anti-microbial resistance. During infection, the gram-negative pathogen is capable of establishing an intracellular niche in macrophages by altering cellular metabolism. One factor critically affecting the host-pathogen interaction is the availability of essential nutrients, like iron, which is required for KP to proliferate but which also modulates anti-microbial immune effector pathways. We hypothesized, that KP manipulates macrophage iron homeostasis to acquire this crucial nutrient for sustained proliferation. Methods We applied an in-vitro infection model, in which human macrophage-like PMA-differentiated THP1 cells were infected with KP (strain ATCC 43816). During a 24-h course of infection, we quantified the number of intracellular bacteria via serial plating of cell lysates and evaluated the effects of different stimuli on intracellular bacterial numbers and iron acquisition. Furthermore, we analyzed host and pathogen specific gene and protein expression of key iron metabolism molecules. Results Viable bacteria are recovered from macrophage cell lysates during the course of infection, indicative of persistence of bacteria within host cells and inefficient pathogen clearing by macrophages. Strikingly, following KP infection macrophages strongly induce the expression of the main cellular iron importer transferrin-receptor-1 (TFR1). Accordingly, intracellular KP proliferation is further augmented by the addition of iron loaded transferrin. The induction of TFR1 is mediated via the STAT-6-IL-10 axis, and pharmacological inhibition of this pathway reduces macrophage iron uptake, elicits bacterial iron starvation, and decreases bacterial survival. Conclusion Our results suggest, that KP manipulates macrophage iron metabolism to acquire iron once confined inside the host cell and enforces intracellular bacterial persistence. This is facilitated by microbial mediated induction of TFR1 via the STAT-6-IL-10 axis. Mechanistic insights into immune metabolism will provide opportunities for the development of novel antimicrobial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Grubwieser
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pulmonology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Richard Hilbe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pulmonology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Clemens Michael Gehrer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pulmonology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manuel Grander
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pulmonology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Natascha Brigo
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pulmonology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pulmonology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Seifert
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pulmonology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sylvia Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pulmonology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Igor Theurl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pulmonology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pulmonology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pulmonology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Hu D, Chen W, Wang W, Tian D, Fu P, Ren P, Mu Q, Li G, Jiang X. Hypercapsule is the cornerstone of Klebsiella pneumoniae in inducing pyogenic liver abscess. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1147855. [PMID: 37065211 PMCID: PMC10102340 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1147855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PurposeTo investigate the mechanisms of Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced pyogenic liver abscess (PLA).MethodsForty-three K. pneumoniae strains from PLAs and 436 from non-PLAs were collected. Their differences were compared for virulence genes and factors, sequence types, and serotypes. Virulence genes wzi, wzy-K1, and wzi+wzy-K1 were deleted in K. pneumoniae NTUH-K2044. Various analyses, such as transmission electron microscopy, neutrophil killing tests, and mouse lethality tests, were used to confirm the consequent changes.ResultsDifferences were found between K. pneumoniae strains from PLA and non-PLA samples for virulence genes and factors, including metabolism genes (allS and peg-344), capsular polysaccharide (CPS)-synthesis channel gene (wzy-K1), CPS-regulating genes (p-rmpA, p-rmpA2, and c-rmpA), and siderophore genes (iucA and iroN). When wzy-K1 was positive, the difference between PLA and non-PLA samples was only observed with c-rmpA. Δwzi, Δwzy-K1, and ΔwziΔwzy-K1 strains reverted to hypovirulence. In the Kupffer cell stimulation assay, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-β secretions were found to be equivalent in NTUH-K2044, Δwzi, Δwzy-K1, and ΔwziΔwzy-K1 groups. Lower IL-1β and higher tumor necrosis factor-α secretions were observed for Δwzi, Δwzy-K1, and ΔwziΔwzy-K1.ConclusionsHypercapsule production is the cornerstone of hypervirulence, regardless of exopolysaccharides. K1 K. pneumoniae-induced PLA may decrease core inflammatory cytokines rather than increase anti-inflammatory cytokines. Exopolysaccharides could also attenuate the inflammatory response to aid in the immune escape of K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakang Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwen Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongxing Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pan Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Microbiology Department, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Ren
- Zhejiang Provincial Demonstration Centre of Laboratory Medicine Experimental Teaching, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing Mu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Li, ; Xiaofei Jiang,
| | - Xiaofei Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Li, ; Xiaofei Jiang,
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Xu M, Yao Z, Zhang X, Sun Y, Zhou T, Shen M. Effects of chlorogenic acid on antimicrobial, antivirulence, and anti-quorum sensing of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:997310. [PMID: 36583040 PMCID: PMC9793747 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.997310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise in infections caused by the hypervirulent carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (hv-CRKP) is an emergent threat to public health. We assessed the effects of chlorogenic acid (CA), a natural phenolic compound, on antibacterial, antivirulence, and anti-quorum sensing (QS) of hv-CRKP. Five hv-CRKP were selected for antimicrobial susceptibility test and confirmed to carry virulence genes and carbapenem-resistant genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Subsequently, a series of time-kill assay, determinations of protease activity and capsule content, biofilm-related experiment, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation, G. mellonella infection model, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) of QS-related genes and biofilm formation genes, as well as AI-2 binding test were conduct to verify the effect of CA on hv-CRKP. Five CRKP strains showed varying degrees of resistance to antibacterial agents. All strains carried the bla KPC-2 gene, primarily carrying rmpA2, iucA, and peg-344. CA showed no effect on CRKP growth at the 1/2 minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), 1/4 MIC, and 1/8 MIC, CA could reduce the production of extracellular protease and capsular polysaccharides, and improve the survival rate of larvae in Galleria mellonella (G. mellonella) infection model. By means of crystal violet staining and scanning electron microscopy experiments, we observed that CA can inhibit the formation of CRKP biofilm. On the quantitative real-time PCR analysis, the expression of the luxS, mrkA and wbbm genes in most CRKP strains appeared downregulated because of the CA treatment. Besides, CA significantly inhibited the effect of AI-2 activity of BB170. Our study suggests that CA can be an effective antimicrobial, antivirulent compound that can target QS in hv-CRKP infections, thus providing a new therapeutic direction for treating bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbo Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Medical Lab Science, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengxin Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhuocheng Yao
- Department of Medical Lab Science, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tieli Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Tieli Zhou,
| | - Mo Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,Mo Shen,
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8
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Ohkubo R, Mu WC, Wang CL, Song Z, Barthez M, Wang Y, Mitchener N, Abdullayev R, Lee YR, Ma Y, Curtin M, Srinivasan S, Zhang X, Yang F, Sudmant PH, Pisco AO, Neff N, Haynes CM, Chen D. The hepatic integrated stress response suppresses the somatotroph axis to control liver damage in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111803. [PMID: 36516757 PMCID: PMC9825120 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can be ameliorated by calorie restriction, which leads to the suppressed somatotroph axis. Paradoxically, the suppressed somatotroph axis is associated with patients with NAFLD and is correlated with the severity of fibrosis. How the somatotroph axis becomes dysregulated and whether the repressed somatotroph axis impacts liver damage during the progression of NAFLD are unclear. Here, we identify a regulatory branch of the hepatic integrated stress response (ISR), which represses the somatotroph axis in hepatocytes through ATF3, resulting in enhanced cell survival and reduced cell proliferation. In mouse models of NAFLD, the ISR represses the somatotroph axis, leading to reduced apoptosis and inflammation but decreased hepatocyte proliferation and exacerbated fibrosis in the liver. NAD+ repletion reduces the ISR, rescues the dysregulated somatotroph axis, and alleviates NAFLD. These results establish that the hepatic ISR suppresses the somatotroph axis to control cell fate decisions and liver damage in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Ohkubo
- Metabolic Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Wei-Chieh Mu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Endocrinology Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Chih-Ling Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Zehan Song
- Metabolic Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Marine Barthez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yifei Wang
- Metabolic Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Nathaniel Mitchener
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Rasul Abdullayev
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yeong Rim Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Endocrinology Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yuze Ma
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Megan Curtin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Suraj Srinivasan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Xingjia Zhang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Fanghan Yang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Endocrinology Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Peter H Sudmant
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Norma Neff
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cole M Haynes
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, UMass-Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Danica Chen
- Metabolic Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Endocrinology Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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9
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Mawhinney M, Kulle A, Thanabalasuriar A. From infection to repair: Understanding the workings of our innate immune cells. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1567. [PMID: 35674186 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In a world filled with microbes, some posing a threat to our body, our immune system is key to living a healthy life. The innate immune system is made of various cell types that act to guard our bodies. Unlike the adaptive immune system that has a specific response, our innate immune system encompasses cells that elicit unspecific immune responses, triggered whenever the right signals are detected. Our understanding of immunity started with the concept of our immune system only responding to "nonself" like the pathogens that invade our body. However, over the past few decades, we have learned that the immune system is more than an on/off switch that recognizes nonself. The innate immune system regularly patrols our bodies for pathogens and tissue damage. Our innate immune system not only seeks to resolve infection but also repair tissue injury, through phagocytosing debris and initiating the release of growth factors. Recently, we are starting to see that it is not just recognizing danger, our innate immune system plays a crucial role in repair. Innate immune cells phenotypically change during repair. In the context of severe injury or trauma, our innate immune system is modified quite drastically to help repair, resulting in reduced infection control. Moreover, these changes in immune cell function can be modified by sex as a biological variable. From past to present, in this overview, we provide a summary of the innate immune cells and pathways in infection and tissue repair. This article is categorized under: Immune System Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mawhinney
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amelia Kulle
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ajitha Thanabalasuriar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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10
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Re-directing nanomedicines to the spleen: A potential technology for peripheral immunomodulation. J Control Release 2022; 350:60-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Wanford JJ, Hames RG, Carreno D, Jasiunaite Z, Chung WY, Arena F, Di Pilato V, Straatman K, West K, Farzand R, Pizza M, Martinez-Pomares L, Andrew PW, Moxon ER, Dennison AR, Rossolini GM, Oggioni MR. Interaction of Klebsiella pneumoniae with tissue macrophages in a mouse infection model and ex-vivo pig organ perfusions: an exploratory investigation. THE LANCET MICROBE 2021; 2:e695-e703. [PMID: 34901898 PMCID: PMC8641047 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(21)00195-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Findings Interpretation Funding
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Wanford
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ryan G Hames
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - David Carreno
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Zydrune Jasiunaite
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Wen Y Chung
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Fabio Arena
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
- IRCCS Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, Florence, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Pilato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Kevin West
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Robeena Farzand
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Luisa Martinez-Pomares
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Peter W Andrew
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Ashley R Dennison
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Gian Maria Rossolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Firenze Careggi University Hospital, Firenze, Italy
| | - Marco R Oggioni
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Farmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence to: Prof Marco R Oggioni, Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, UK
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12
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Xu Q, Yang X, Chan EWC, Chen S. The hypermucoviscosity of hypervirulent K. pneumoniae confers the ability to evade neutrophil-mediated phagocytosis. Virulence 2021; 12:2050-2059. [PMID: 34339346 PMCID: PMC8331041 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1960101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (HvKP), which causes highly fatal infections, is a new threat to human health. In an attempt to investigate the underlying mechanisms of resistance to neutrophil-mediated killing and hence expression of high-level virulence by HvKP, we tested the binding affinity of HvKP strains to various types of human cells. Our data showed that HvKP exhibited weaker binding to both lung epithelial cells, intestinal Caco-2 cells and macrophages when compared to the classic, non-hypervirulent strains (cKP). Consistently, transconjugants that have acquired a rmpA or rmpA2-bearing plasmid were found to exhibit decreased adhesion to various types of human cells, and hence higher survival rate upon exposure to neutrophil cells. We further found that over production of hypermucoviscosity (HMV), but not capsular polysaccharide (CPS), contributed to the reduced binding and phagocytosis. The effect of hypermucoviscosity on enhancing HvKP virulence was further shown in human serum survival assays and animal experiments. Findings in this study therefore confirmed that rmpA/A2-mediated hypermucoviscosity in HvKP plays a key role in the pathogenesis of this organism through conferring the ability to evade neutrophil binding and phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xuemei Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Edward Wai Chi Chan
- State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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13
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Zheng Y, Yue C, Zhang H, Chen H, Liu Y, Li J. Deoxycholic Acid and Lithocholic Acid Alleviate Liver Injury and Inflammation in Mice with Klebsiella pneumoniae-Induced Liver Abscess and Bacteremia. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:777-789. [PMID: 33727851 PMCID: PMC7955870 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s298495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced liver abscess and baiacterem is a serious infectious disease with high mortality. Secondary bile acids (SBAs) are produced by intestinal flora through the metabolism of primary bile acids and play a role in promoting or inhibiting inflammation in some diseases. However, the immunomodulatory role of SBAs in bacterial infections of the liver remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and liver-protective effects of SBAs in K. pneumoniae-infected mice. Methods The absolute concentrations of deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA) in feces and serum were analyzed, and intestinal flora alterations between K. pneumoniae-infected and healthy control mice were examined. The effect of SBAs was investigated by analyzing the survival, tissue bacterial load, histopathology, and inflammatory factor levels in SBA-treated mice. The expression of crucial proteins implicated in the NF-κB pathway, as well as the G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5, was detected. Results The content of SBAs in feces and serum of the K. pneumoniae-infected group was significantly reduced, and significant changes in the composition of the intestinal flora were detected. The intestinal flora are directly related to the synthesis of SBAs. Ruminococcaceae levels in K. pneumoniae-infected mice were significantly lower than in healthy control mice. Oral administration of SBAs improved the survival and liver pathology of K. pneumoniae-infected mice, and reduced the bacterial load and the level of inflammatory factors. SBAs down-regulated the expression of key proteins in the NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway, including the phosphorylation of IκBα and NF-κB p50 and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. The protective effect of SBAs may be dependent on high TGR5 expression. Conclusion SBAs downregulate the NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway through TGR5, protecting the liver and inhibiting inflammation in K. pneumoniae-induced liver abscess and bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahong Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengcheng Yue
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiabin Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Chaohu Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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14
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Extracellular vesicle release and uptake by the liver under normo- and hyperlipidemia. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7589-7604. [PMID: 34665280 PMCID: PMC8629784 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03969-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver plays a central role in elimination of circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs), and it also significantly contributes to EV release. However, the involvement of the different liver cell populations remains unknown. Here, we investigated EV uptake and release both in normolipemia and hyperlipidemia. C57BL/6 mice were kept on high fat diet for 20-30 weeks before circulating EV profiles were determined. In addition, control mice were intravenously injected with 99mTc-HYNIC-Duramycin labeled EVs, and an hour later, biodistribution was analyzed by SPECT/CT. In vitro, isolated liver cell types were tested for EV release and uptake with/without prior fatty acid treatment. We detected an elevated circulating EV number after the high fat diet. To clarify the differential involvement of liver cell types, we carried out in vitro experiments. We found an increased release of EVs by primary hepatocytes at concentrations of fatty acids comparable to what is characteristic for hyperlipidemia. When investigating EV biodistribution with 99mTc-labeled EVs, we detected EV accumulation primarily in the liver upon intravenous injection of mice with medium (326.3 ± 19.8 nm) and small EVs (130.5 ± 5.8 nm). In vitro, we found that medium and small EVs were preferentially taken up by Kupffer cells, and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, respectively. Finally, we demonstrated that in hyperlipidemia, there was a decreased EV uptake both by Kupffer cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. Our data suggest that hyperlipidema increases the release and reduces the uptake of EVs by liver cells. We also provide evidence for a size-dependent differential EV uptake by the different cell types of the liver. The EV radiolabeling protocol using 99mTc-Duramycin may provide a fast and simple labeling approach for SPECT/CT imaging of EVs biodistribution.
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