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Yu H, Xu Y, Imani S, Zhao Z, Ullah S, Wang Q. Navigating ESKAPE Pathogens: Considerations and Caveats for Animal Infection Models Development. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:2336-2355. [PMID: 38866389 PMCID: PMC11249778 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The misuse of antibiotics has led to the global spread of drug-resistant bacteria, especially multi-drug-resistant (MDR) ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species). These opportunistic bacteria pose a significant threat, in particular within hospitals, where they cause nosocomial infections, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. To comprehensively explore ESKAPE pathogenesis, virulence, host immune response, diagnostics, and therapeutics, researchers increasingly rely on necessitate suitable animal infection models. However, no single model can fully replicate all aspects of infectious diseases. Notably when studying opportunistic pathogens in immunocompetent hosts, rapid clearance by the host immune system can limit the expression of characteristic disease symptoms. In this study, we examine the critical role of animal infection models in understanding ESKAPE pathogens, addressing limitations and research gaps. We discuss applications and highlight key considerations for effective models. Thoughtful decisions on disease replication, parameter monitoring, and data collection are crucial for model reliability. By meticulously replicating human diseases and addressing limitations, researchers maximize the potential of animal infection models. This aids in targeted therapeutic development, bridges knowledge gaps, and helps combat MDR ESKAPE pathogens, safeguarding public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Yu
- Key
Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang
Province, Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention
of Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang China
- Stomatology
Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine,
Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key
Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yongchang Xu
- Key
Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, School
of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal
University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Saber Imani
- Shulan
International Medical College, Zhejiang
Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang China
| | - Zhuo Zhao
- Department
of Computer Science and Engineering, University
of Notre Dame, Notre
Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Saif Ullah
- Department
of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Qingjing Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang
Province, Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention
of Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang China
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Abdollahi S, Raoufi Z. A novel vaccine candidate against A. baumannii based on a new OmpW family protein (OmpW2); structural characterization, antigenicity and epitope investigation, and in-vivo analysis. Microb Pathog 2023; 183:106317. [PMID: 37611777 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
A. baumannii is an MDR pathogen whose SARS-CoV-2 has recently increased its mortality rate in hospitalized patients. So, the virulence factors investigation and design of a vaccine against this bacterium seem to be critical. In this regard, the OmpW2 protein was structurally characterized by this study, and its B-T cell epitopes were mapped by bioinformatic tools. In-vivo analyses were employed to verify the immunogenicity of this protein and its selected epitopes. The results indicated that OmpW2 is a conserved virulent antigen, not toxic for the host, and not similar to the human or mouse proteome. A putative interaction between OmpW2 and a Fe-S-cluster redox enzyme was detected. Based on the results, OmpW2 belongs to the OmpW superfamily and eight beta sheets have been predicted in its tight beta-barrel structure. Several exposed epitopes were detected in the OmpW2 sequence and structure, and a sub-unit potential vaccine was generated based on the epitopes. The ELISA results indicated that after the second booster vaccination of BALB/c mice with the whole OmpW2 protein or its sub-unit fragment, the IgG titer significantly raised (p < 0.05). The mortality rate and the bacterial burden in the lung, liver, kidney, and spleen in both passive and active immunized mice were significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.001). In-vivo experiments confirmed that the OmpW2 whole protein and its sub-unit fragment induce the host immune system and can be applied to design a commercial vaccine or diagnostic kit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Abdollahi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran.
| | - Zeinab Raoufi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
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3
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Solanki V, Tiwari M, Tiwari V. Investigation of Peptidoglycan-Associated Lipoprotein of Acinetobacter baumannii and Its Interaction with Fibronectin To Find Its Therapeutic Potential. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0002323. [PMID: 37017535 PMCID: PMC10187120 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00023-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii causes hospital-acquired infections and is responsible for high mortality and morbidity. The interaction of this bacterium with the host is critical in bacterial pathogenesis and infection. Here, we report the interaction of peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (PAL) of A. baumannii with host fibronectin (FN) to find its therapeutic potential. The proteome of A. baumannii was explored in the host-pathogen interaction database to filter out the PAL of the bacterial outer membrane that interacts with the host's FN protein. This interaction was confirmed experimentally using purified recombinant PAL and pure FN protein. To investigate the pleiotropic role of PAL protein, different biochemical assays using wild-type PAL and PAL mutants were performed. The result showed that PAL mediates bacterial pathogenesis, adherence, and invasion in host pulmonary epithelial cells and has a role in the biofilm formation, bacterial motility, and membrane integrity of bacteria. All of the results suggest that PAL's interaction with FN plays a vital role in host-cell interaction. In addition, the PAL protein also interacts with Toll-like receptor 2 and MARCO receptor, which suggests the role of PAL protein in innate immune responses. We have also investigated the therapeutic potential of this protein for vaccine and therapeutic design. Using reverse vaccinology, PAL's potential epitopes were filtered out that exhibit binding potential with host major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I), MHC-II, and B cells, suggesting that PAL protein is a potential vaccine target. The immune simulation showed that PAL protein could elevate innate and adaptive immune response with the generation of memory cells and would have subsequent potential to eliminate bacterial infection. Therefore, the present study highlights the interaction ability of a novel host-pathogen interacting partner (PAL-FN) and uncovers its therapeutic potential to combat infection caused by A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Solanki
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Monalisa Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vishvanath Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
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Hu Y, Zhang X, Deng S, Yue C, Jia X, Lyu Y. Non-antibiotic prevention and treatment against Acinetobacter baumannii infection: Are vaccines and adjuvants effective strategies? Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1049917. [PMID: 36760499 PMCID: PMC9905804 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1049917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen widely attached to the surface of medical instruments, making it one of the most common pathogens of nosocomial infection, and often leading to cross-infection and co-infection. Due to the extensive antibiotic and pan-resistance, A. baumannii infection is facing fewer treatment options in the clinic. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of A. baumannii infection have become a tricky global problem. The requirement for research and development of the new strategy is urgent. Now, non-antibiotic treatment strategies are urgently needed. This review describes the research on A. baumannii vaccines and antibacterial adjuvants, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different candidate vaccines tested in vitro and in vivo, especially subunit protein vaccines, and shows the antibacterial efficacy of adjuvant drugs in monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Yan'an Key Laboratory of Microbial Drug Innovation and Transformation, School of Basic Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'An, China,Non-coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianqin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanshan Deng
- Non-coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Changwu Yue
- Yan'an Key Laboratory of Microbial Drug Innovation and Transformation, School of Basic Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'An, China,*Correspondence: Changwu Yue ✉
| | - Xu Jia
- Non-coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China,Xu Jia ✉
| | - Yuhong Lyu
- Yan'an Key Laboratory of Microbial Drug Innovation and Transformation, School of Basic Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'An, China,Yuhong Lyu ✉
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Fereshteh S, Ajdary S, Sepehr A, Bolourchi N, Barzi SM, Haririzadeh Jouriani F, Riazi-Rad F, Shahcheraghi F, Badmasti F. Immunization with recombinant DcaP-like protein and AbOmpA revealed protections against sepsis infection of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ST2 Pas in a C57BL/6 mouse model. Microb Pathog 2023; 174:105882. [PMID: 36403713 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS The prevalence of infections associated with multi-drug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii is increasing worldwide. Therefore, the introduction of effective vaccines against this bacterium seems necessary. METHODS AbOmpA and DcaP-like protein were selected as promising and putative immunogenic candidates based on previous in silico studies. Three formulations including AbOmpA, DcaP-like protein, and AbOmpA + DcaP-like protein were injected into C57BL/6 mice three times with Alum adjuvant. The specific production of IgG antibodies (e.g. total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2c) and cytokines (e.g. IL-4, IL-6, and IL-17A), were evaluated. LD50% of MDR A. baumannii ST2Pas was measured using Probit's method. After the challenge with bacteria, a decrease in bacterial loads (DLs) in the lung and spleen of mice was measured. Then serum bactericidal assay was performed to determine the function of antibodies on day 42. In addition, histopathological examinations of the spleen and lung, the number of macrophage and neutrophil, as well as the rate of lymphocyte infiltration were assessed. RESULTS The highest level of total IgG was reported in the group immunized with DcaP-like protein on day 42. The survival rate of mice was 80% in the AbOmpA immunized group and 100% for the rest of two groups. DLs in the spleen of mice immunized with AbOmpA, DcaP-like protein, and combination form were 3.5, 3, and 3.4 Log10 (CFU/g), respectively. While in the lung, the DLs were 7.5 Log10 (CFU/g) for the AbOmpA group and 5 for the rest of two groups. The levels of IL-6, IL-4, and IL-17A were significantly decreased in all immunized groups after the bacterial challenge (except for IL-17A in the group of AbOmpA). The bactericidal effect of antibodies against DcaP-like protein was more effective. No histopathological damage was observed in the combination immunized group. The DcaP-like protein was more effective in neutrophil and macrophage deployment and decreased lymphocyte infiltration. CONCLUSION The results of immunization with AbOmpA + DcaP-like protein induced a protective reaction against the sepsis infection of MDR A. baumannii. It seems that in the future, these proteins can be considered as promising components in the development of the A. baumannii vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soheila Ajdary
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Sepehr
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Bolourchi
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Farhad Riazi-Rad
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farzad Badmasti
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) from Sphingomonas paucimobilis Increase the Efficacy of Liposome-Based Nanovaccine against Acinetobacter baumannii-Associated Pneumonia in Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Mice. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227790. [PMID: 36431892 PMCID: PMC9695853 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to the high propensity of drug resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii, the number of currently available therapeutic drugs has become very limited. Thus, it becomes incredibly important to prepare an effective vaccine formulation capable of eliciting an effective immune response against A. baumannii. In this study, we prepared a liposomal vaccine formulation bearing glycosphingolipids (GSLs) from Sphingomonas paucimobilis and loaded with the whole cell antigen (WCAgs-GSLs-liposomes) of A. baumannii. The immune-stimulating potential and prophylactic efficacy of WCAgs-GSLs-liposomes were compared with those of WCAgs-liposomes (without GSLs) or free WCAgs in both immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice. The efficacy of vaccine formulations was determined by analyzing antibody titer, cytokine levels, and survival studies in the immunized mice. The findings revealed that vaccination with WCAgs-GSLs-liposomes stimulated a greater secretion of antibodies and cytokines, higher lymphocyte proliferation, and increased expression of the co-stimulatory molecules. Anti-sera from WCAgs-GSLs-liposomes-immunized mice remarkably reduced the biofilm formation by A. baumannii. Most importantly, WCAgs-GSLs-liposomes-vaccinated mice demonstrated a higher defiance against the pathogen, as compared to the immunizations with WCAgs-liposomes (without GSLs) or free WCAgs. Immunocompetent mice immunized with WCAgs-GSLs-liposomes showed a 100% survival rate, while those immunized with WCAgs-liposomes exhibited a 60% survival rate. The protective effect of WCAgs-GSLs-liposomes was also found to be higher in immunocompromised mice, as the immunized mice showed a 50% survival rate, which was greater than the 20% survival rate of those immunized with WCAgs-liposomes. The survival data was also supported by the findings of bacterial load and histological analysis that substantiated the greatest prophylactic potential of the WCAgs-GSLs-liposomes. These findings recommend that WCAgs-GSLs-liposomes may be reckoned as a prospective vaccine to protect the persons against A. baumannii infection.
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Ries JI, Heß M, Nouri N, Wichelhaus TA, Göttig S, Falcone FH, Kraiczy P. CipA mediates complement resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii by formation of a factor I-dependent quadripartite assemblage. Front Immunol 2022; 13:942482. [PMID: 35958553 PMCID: PMC9361855 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.942482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is known to be one of the leading pathogens that cause severe nosocomial infections. To overcome eradication by the innate immune system during infection, A. baumannii developed a number of immune evasion strategies. Previously, we identified CipA as a plasminogen-binding and complement-inhibitory protein. Here we show that CipA inhibits all three complement activation pathways and interacts with key complement components C3, C3b, C4b, C5, Factor B, Factor D, and in particular Factor I. CipA also targets function of the C5 convertase as cleavage of C5 was impaired. Systematic screening of CipA variants identified two separate binding sites for C3b and a Factor I-interacting domain located at the C-terminus. Structure predictions using AlphaFold2 and binding analyses employing CipA variants lacking Factor I-binding capability confirmed that the orientation of the C-terminal domain is essential for the interaction with Factor I. Hence, our analyses point to a novel Factor I-dependent mechanisms of complement inactivation mediated by CipA of A. baumannii. Recruitment of Factor I by CipA initiates the assembly of a quadripartite complex following binding of either Factor H or C4b-binding protein to degrade C3b and C4b, respectively. Loss of Factor I binding in a CipA-deficient strain, or a strain producing a CipA variant lacking Factor I-binding capability, correlated with a higher susceptibility to human serum, indicating that recruitment of Factor I enables A. baumannii to resist complement-mediated killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia I. Ries
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marie Heß
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Noura Nouri
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas A. Wichelhaus
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stephan Göttig
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Franco H. Falcone
- Institute for Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter Kraiczy
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- *Correspondence: Peter Kraiczy,
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Yeganeh O, Shabani M, Pakzad P, Mosaffa N, Hashemi A. Evaluation the reactivity of a peptide-based monoclonal antibody derived from OmpA with drug resistant pulsotypes of Acinetobacter baumannii as a potential therapeutic approach. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2022; 21:30. [PMID: 35773688 PMCID: PMC9245400 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-022-00523-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic and antibiotic-resistant pathogen that predominantly causes nosocomial infections. There is urgent need for development nonantibiotic-based treatment strategies. We developed a novel monoclonal antibody (mAb) against a peptide of conserved outer membrane protein A (OmpA) and evaluated its reactivity with different pulsotypes of A. baumannii. METHODS Peptide derived from A. baumannii OmpA was conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin and injected into BALB/c mice. Splenocytes of immunized mice were fused with SP2/0 myeloma cells followed by selection of antibody-producing hybridoma cells. After screening of different hybridoma colonies by ELISA, one monoclone was selected as 3F10-C9 and the antibody was tested for reaction with five different Acinetobacter pulsotypes that were resistant to carbapenem antibiotics. The affinity constant was measured by ELISA. The ELISA, western blotting, indirect immunofluorescence (IFA), and in vitro opsonophagocytosis assays were used to evaluate the reactivity of generated mAb. RESULTS The anti-OmpA antibody reacted with the immunizing peptide and had a high affinity (1.94 × 10-9 M) for its antigen in the ELISA. Specific binding of mAb to OmpA was confirmed in Western blot. IFA assays revealed that mAb recognized specific OmpA on the pulsotypes. Opsonophagocytosis assays showed that the mAb increased the bactericidal activity of macrophage cells. The antibody function was higher in the presence of serum complement. CONCLUSIONS The peptide-based mAb demonstrated optimal performance in laboratory experiments which may be appropriate in investigation on OmpA in Acinetobacter pathogenesis and development of passive immunization as a novel therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Yeganeh
- Department of Microbiology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Shabani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Pakzad
- Department of Microbiology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nariman Mosaffa
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hashemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Khan MA, Allemailem KS, Maswadeh H, Younus H. Safety and Prophylactic Efficacy of Liposome-Based Vaccine against the Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Mice. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071357. [PMID: 35890253 PMCID: PMC9318010 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the emergence of multidrug-resistant Acientobacter baumannii has greatly threatened public health and depleted our currently available antibacterial armory. Due to limited therapeutic options, the development of an effective vaccine formulation becomes critical in order to fight this drug-resistant pathogen. The objective of the present study was to develop a safe vaccine formulation that can be effective against A. baumannii infection and its associated complications. Here, we prepared liposomes-encapsulated whole cell antigens (Lip-WCAgs) as a vaccine formulation and investigated its prophylactic efficacy against the systemic infection of A. baumannii. The immunization with Lip-WCAgs induced the higher production of antigen-specific antibody titers, greater lymphocyte proliferation, and increased secretion of Th1 cytokines, particularly IFN-γ and IL-12. Antisera from Lip-WCAgs-immunized mice showed the utmost bactericidal activity and potently inhibited the biofilm formation by A. baumannii. Interestingly, Lip-WCAgs-induced immune response was translated in in vivo protection studies as the immunized mice exhibited the highest resistance to A. baumannii infection. Mice in the group immunized with Lip-WCAgs had an 80% survival rate and a bacterial burden of 5464 ± 1193 CFUs per gram of the lung tissue, whereas the mice immunized with IFA-WCAgs had a 50% survival rate and 51,521 ± 8066 CFUs. In addition, Lip-WCAgs vaccinated mice had lower levels of the inflammatory markers, including CRP, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. The findings of this study suggest that Lip-WCAgs may be considered a potential vaccine formulation to protect individuals against A. baumannii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masood Alam Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-(50)-7059437; Fax: +966-(63)-801628
| | - Khaled S. Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hamzah Maswadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hina Younus
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India;
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Fereshteh S, Noori Goodarzi N, Sepehr A, Shafiei M, Ajdary S, Badmasti F. In Silico Analyses of Extracellular Proteins of Acinetobacter baumannii as Immunogenic Candidates. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH 2022; 21:e126559. [PMID: 36060914 PMCID: PMC9420209 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-126559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is an important nosocomial pathogen causing high morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients with prolonged hospitalization. Multidrug-resistant A. baumannii infections are on the rise worldwide. Therefore, the discovery of an effective vaccine against this bacterium seems necessary as a cost-effective and preventive strategy. Methods: In this present study, 35 genomes of A. baumannii strains were considered, and the extracellular proteins were selected, maximally having one transmembrane helix with high adhesion probability and no similarity to host proteins, as immunogenic candidates using the web tool Vaxign. Subsequently, the role of these selected proteins in bacterial pathogenesis was investigated using VICMpred. Then, the major histocompatibility complex class II, linear B-cell epitopes, and conservation of epitopes were identified using the Immune Epitope Database, BepiPred, and Epitope Conservancy Analysis, respectively. Finally, the B-cell discontinuous epitopes of each protein were predicted using ElliPro and plotted on the three-dimensional structure (3D) of the proteins. The role of the unknown proteins was predicted using the STRING database. Results: In this study, eight acceptable immunogenic candidates, including FilF, FimA, putative acid phosphatase, putative exported protein, subtilisin-like serine protease, and three uncharacterized proteins, were identified in A. baumannii. Conclusions: The results of the STRING database showed that these three uncharacterized proteins play a role in nutrition (heme utilization), peptide bond cleavage (serine peptidases), and cellular processes (MlaD protein). Extracellular proteins might play a catalyst role in the outer membrane protein-based vaccine of A. baumannii. Furthermore, this study proposed a list of potent immunogenic candidates of extracellular proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amin Sepehr
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morvarid Shafiei
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Ajdary
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Badmasti
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Sun P, Li X, Pan C, Liu Z, Wu J, Wang H, Zhu L. A Short Peptide of Autotransporter Ata Is a Promising Protective Antigen for Vaccination Against Acinetobacter baumannii. Front Immunol 2022; 13:884555. [PMID: 35493470 PMCID: PMC9043751 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.884555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains, Acinetobacter baumannii infection is becoming a thorny health problem in hospitals. However, there are no licensed vaccines against A. baumannii. Acinetobacter trimeric autotransporter (Ata) is an important known virulence factor located on the outer membrane of bacteria. Herein, we carried out a series of experiments to test the immunogenicity of a short C-terminal extracellular region of Ata (Ataα, only containing 39 amino acids) in a murine model. The short peptide Ataα was fused with the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB), which has been reported to have immunoadjuvant activity. The fusion protein showed no inflammation and organ damages, and have the ability to elicit both Th1 and Th2 immune responses in mice. The bactericidal activities against A. baumannii and prophylactic effects of the fusion protein were further evidenced by a significant reduction in the bacterial load in the organs and blood. In addition, the candidate vaccine could provide broad protection against lethal challenges with a variety of A. baumannii strains. Moreover, when CpG was added on the basis of aluminum adjuvant, the immune response, especially cellular immunity, could be further strengthened. Overall, these results revealed that the Ataα is a promising vaccine target against A. baumannii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhicheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Hengliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
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12
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Singh R, Capalash N, Sharma P. Vaccine development to control the rising scourge of antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: a systematic review. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:85. [PMID: 35261870 PMCID: PMC8890014 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03148-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as one of major nosocomial pathogen and global emergence of multidrug-resistant strains has become a challenge for developing effective treatment options. A. baumannii has developed resistance to almost all the antibiotics viz. beta-lactams, carbapenems, tigecycline and now colistin, a last resort of antibiotics. The world is on the cusp of post antibiotic era and the evolution of multi-, extreme- and pan–drug-resistant A. baumannii strains is its obvious harbinger. Various combinations of antibiotics have been investigated but no successful treatment option is available. All these failed efforts have led researchers to develop and implement prophylactic vaccination for the prevention of infections caused by this pathogen. In this review, the advantages and disadvantages of active and passive immunization, the types of sub-unit and multi-component vaccine candidates investigated against A. baumannii viz. whole cell organism, outer membrane vesicles, outer membrane complexes, conjugate vaccines and sub-unit vaccines have been discussed. In addition, the benefits of Reverse vaccinology are emphasized here in which the potential vaccine candidates are predicted using bioinformatic online tools prior to in vivo validations.
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13
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Hagag YA, Said HS, Kenawy HI, Hassan R. A novel pentavalent vaccine candidate completely protects against Acinetobacter baumannii in a mouse model of peritonitis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:8151-8167. [PMID: 36401642 PMCID: PMC9676856 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12231-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is considered as one of the most virulent and infectious organisms that have an increased ability to both evade host immune response and resist various classes of antibiotics, leading to life-threatening infections. Multiple virulence factors have been implicated in the high prevalence rate of A. baumannii in hospitalized and immunocompromised patients. Moreover, improper use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of extensive drug-resistant strains that urgently require alternative strategies to control this superbug. Unfortunately, the availability of a licensed vaccine against A. baumannii infections is still challenged by the vast diversity among A. baumannii strains. Here, we report the development of a novel pentavalent vaccine candidate composed of two recombinant proteins (Wza and YiaD) and a pool of capsular polysaccharides isolated from 3 clinical isolates. We tested this new vaccine in vivo in a mouse model of peritonitis against the standard strain ATCC 19606 in addition to 3 clinical isolates of A. baumannii. Immunization with this vaccine completely protected the challenged mice with 100% survival rate in the case of all the tested bacteria. Further clinical studies are urgently needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this proprietary vaccine to protect patients from A. baumannii lethal infections. KEY POINTS: • Recombinant proteins pool (Wza and YiaD) immunization led to a synergistic immune response. • Capsular polysaccharides pool induced up to 90% protection of tested clinical isolates. • The pentavalent pool showed superiority with 100% survival of immunized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yomna A. Hagag
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
| | - Heba Shehta Said
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
| | - Hany I. Kenawy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
| | - Ramadan Hassan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
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14
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Gold nanoparticle-DNA aptamer-assisted delivery of antimicrobial peptide effectively inhibits Acinetobacter baumannii infection in mice. J Microbiol 2021; 60:128-136. [PMID: 34964948 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-1620-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii causes multidrug resistance, leading to fatal infections in humans. In this study, we showed that Lys AB2 P3-His-a hexahistidine-tagged form of an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) loaded onto DNA aptamer-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNP-Apt)-can effectively inhibit A. baumannii infection in mice. When A. baumannii-infected mice were intraperitoneally injected with AuNP-Apt loaded with Lys AB2 P3-His, a marked reduction in A. baumannii colonization was observed in the mouse organs, leading to prominently increased survival time and rate of the mice compared to those of the control mice treated with AuNP-Apt or Lys AB2 P3-His only. This study shows that AMPs loaded onto AuNP-Apt could be an effective therapeutic tool against infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria in humans.
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15
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Abdollahi S, Raoufi Z, Fakoor MH. Physicochemical and structural characterization, epitope mapping and vaccine potential investigation of a new protein containing Tetratrico Peptide Repeats of Acinetobacter baumannii: An in-silico and in-vivo approach. Mol Immunol 2021; 140:22-34. [PMID: 34649027 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic multidrug-resistant pathogen that causes a significant mortality rate. The proteins containing Tetratrico Peptide Repeats (TPRs) are involved in the pathogenicity and virulence of bacteria and have different roles such as transfer of bacterial virulence factors to host cells, binding to the host cells and inhibition of phagolysosomal maturation. So, in this study, physicochemical properties of a new protein containing TPRs in A. baumannii which was named PcTPRs1 by this study were characterized and its 3D structure was predicted by in-silico tools. The protein B and T cell epitopes were mapped and its vaccine potential was in-silico and in-vivo investigated. Domain analysis indicated that the protein contains the Flp pilus assembly protein TadD domain which has three TPRs. The helix is dominant in the protein structure, and this protein is an outer membrane antigen which, is extremely conserved among A. baumannii strains; thus, has good properties to be applied as a recombinant vaccine. The best-predicted and refined model was applied in ligand-binding sites and conformational epitopes prediction. Based on epitope mapping results, several epitopes were characterized which could stimulate both immune systems. BLAST results showed the introduced epitopes are completely conserved among A. baumannii strains. The in-vivo analysis indicates that a 101 amino acid fragment of the protein which contains the best selected epitope, can produce a good protectivity against A. baumannii as well as the whole TPR protein and thus could be investigated as an effective subunit and potential vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Abdollahi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran.
| | - Zeinab Raoufi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran.
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16
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Mohsin S, Abdul-Elah Bakir W, Arsheed M. Determination of the prevalence of blaoxa-like gene and ISAba1 elements among extensiveــdrug resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter boumannii isolates. BIONATURA 2021. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2021.06.04.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity of Multiـdrug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii to survive in any state of affairs concerning the gaining of various gene types of virulence and antimicrobial agent resistance are the main anxiety in the hospital’s environments. So, it is very crucial to determine the prevalence of insertion sequences in A. baumannii. In the hospitals. Detecting the blaoxa-51 gene through the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to confirm Acinetobacter baumannii and the search for ISAba1 element. Between October 2020 and February 2021, 540 distinct clinical specimens were gathered from five hospitals in Baghdad. Thirty-eight A. baumannii isolates were obtained from various clinical specimens. The isolates were initially identified phenotypically using standard microbiological techniques and by the Vitek2 compact automated machine. Isolates of A. baumannii were identified genotypically by amplification of the blaoxa-51-like gene. Antimicrobials are studied by Kirby-Bauer (disc diffusion) technique on Muller-Hinton agar as specified by the recent clinical and laboratory standard institute (CLSI) guidelines (2020). The actual results of the current study indicated that from total isolated (38) A.baumannii isolates, 23 isolates (61%) were resistant to meropenem and 25 isolates (66%) were resistant to imipenem. The blaoxa-51 gene was identified in all strains examined, ISAba1 was also present in all A. baumannii isolates. ISAba1 has a high predominance between drug-resistant A. baumannii. Identifying these parameters can assist in the control of infection and decreasing the microorganism’s prevalence rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Mohsin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University. Baghdad. Iraq
| | - Wasan Abdul-Elah Bakir
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University. Baghdad. Iraq
| | - Majeed Arsheed
- Gene bank Department/ Forensic DNA for research and training Centre/ Al-nahrain University, Baghdad. Iraq
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17
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Kamuyu G, Suen Cheng Y, Willcocks S, Kewcharoenwong C, Kiratisin P, Taylor PW, Wren BW, Lertmemongkolchai G, Stabler RA, Brown J. Sequential Vaccination With Heterologous Acinetobacter baumannii Strains Induces Broadly Reactive Antibody Responses. Front Immunol 2021; 12:705533. [PMID: 34394105 PMCID: PMC8363311 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.705533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody therapy may be an alternative treatment option for infections caused by the multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterium Acinetobacter baumannii. As A. baumannii has multiple capsular serotypes, a universal antibody therapy would need to target conserved protein antigens rather than the capsular polysaccharides. We have immunized mice with single or multiple A. baumannii strains to induce antibody responses to protein antigens, and then assessed whether these responses provide cross-protection against a collection of genetically diverse clinical A. baumannii isolates. Immunized mice developed antibody responses to multiple protein antigens. Flow cytometry IgG binding assays and immunoblots demonstrated improved recognition of both homologous and heterologous clinical strains in sera from mice immunized with multiple strains compared to a single strain. The capsule partially inhibited bacterial recognition by IgG and the promotion of phagocytosis by human neutrophils. However, after immunization with multiple strains, serum antibodies to protein antigens promoted neutrophil phagocytosis of heterologous A. baumannii strains. In an infection model, mice immunized with multiple strains had lower bacterial counts in the spleen and liver following challenge with a heterologous strain. These data demonstrate that antibodies targeting protein antigens can improve immune recognition and protection against diverse A. baumannii strains, providing support for their use as an antibody therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gathoni Kamuyu
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, University College London (UCL) Respiratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yat Suen Cheng
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, University College London (UCL) Respiratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Willcocks
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Infectious and Tropical Disease, Department of Infection Biology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chidchamai Kewcharoenwong
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Unit, Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Pattarachai Kiratisin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok-Noi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Peter W Taylor
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brendan W Wren
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Infectious and Tropical Disease, Department of Infection Biology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ganjana Lertmemongkolchai
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Unit, Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Richard A Stabler
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Infectious and Tropical Disease, Department of Infection Biology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Brown
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, University College London (UCL) Respiratory, London, United Kingdom
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18
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Salmonella Typhimurium Adhesin OmpV Activates Host Immunity To Confer Protection against Systemic and Gastrointestinal Infection in Mice. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0012121. [PMID: 34097470 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00121-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica Typhimurium is a rod-shaped Gram-negative bacterium that mostly enters the human body through contaminated food. It causes a gastrointestinal disorder called salmonellosis in humans and typhoid-like systemic disease in mice. OmpV, an outer membrane protein of S. Typhimurium, helps in adhesion and invasion of bacteria to intestinal epithelial cells and thus plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of S. Typhimurium. In this study, we have shown that intraperitoneal immunization with OmpV is able to induce high IgG production and protection against systemic disease. Further, oral immunization with OmpV-incorporated proteoliposome (OmpV-proteoliposome [PL]) induces production of high IgA antibody levels and protection against gastrointestinal infection. Furthermore, we have shown that OmpV induces Th1 bias in systemic immunization with purified OmpV, but both Th1 and Th2 polarization in oral immunization with OmpV-proteoliposome (PL). Additionally, we have shown that OmpV activates innate immune cells, such as monocytes, macrophages, and intestinal epithelial cells, in a Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-dependent manner. Interestingly, OmpV is recognized by the TLR1/2 heterodimer in monocytes, but by both TLR1/2 and TLR2/6 heterodimers in macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells. Further, downstream signaling involves MyD88, interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)-1, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (both p38 and Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK)), and transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1. Due to its ability to efficiently activate both the innate and adaptive immune systems and protective efficacy, OmpV can be a potential vaccine candidate against S. Typhimurium infection. Further, the fact that OmpV can be recognized by both TLR1/2 and TLR2/6 heterodimers increases its potential to act as good adjuvant in other vaccine formulations.
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19
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Badmasti F, Habibi M, Firoozeh F, Fereshteh S, Bolourchi N, Goodarzi NN. The combination of CipA and PBP-7/8 proteins contribute to the survival of C57BL/6 mice from sepsis of Acinetobacter baumannii. Microb Pathog 2021; 158:105063. [PMID: 34166729 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to the emergence of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains, there is an urgent need to develop several new strategies to control this bacterium. In this context, vaccination may be the best approach to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with MDR isolates in vulnerable groups. Serum resistance factors have a key role in the pathogenesis of A. baumannii and can be considered as potential vaccine candidates. This project aimed to evaluate the immunological reactivity of CipA and PBP-7/8 as two serum resistance factors in a combination form against sepsis infections of A. baumannii. Recombinant proteins were obtained and immunological evaluations were performed against sepsis infection in the C57BL/6 mouse model. The data showed a statistically significant increase in total IgG levels in all three immunization regimens (CipA, PBP-7/8, and CipA + PBP-7/8) compared to the control group. The ratios of IgG2c/IgG1 in the CipA, PBP-7/8, and CipA + PBP-7/8 schedules were 8.7, 46.50, and 33.29, respectively. It appears that the immunization schedules developed a strong polarized Th1 response. The cytokine profiles of the three plans showed that IFN-γ was highly concentrated in the combination plan. However, the highest concentration of IL-17 belonged to the PBP-7/8 plan. In conclusion, the data of total IgG, survival rates and splenic bacterial loads showed that the CipA + PBP-7/8 plan was more effective than each protein individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Badmasti
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Iran.
| | - Mehri Habibi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Firoozeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Science, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Negin Bolourchi
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narjes Noori Goodarzi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Mat Rahim N, Lee H, Strych U, AbuBakar S. Facing the challenges of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: progress and prospects in the vaccine development. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:3784-3794. [PMID: 34106809 PMCID: PMC8437540 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1927412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2017, the World Health Organization (WHO) named A. baumannii as one of the three antibiotic-resistant bacterial species on its list of global priority pathogens in dire need of novel and effective treatment. With only polymyxin and tigecycline antibiotics left as last-resort treatments, the need for novel alternative approaches to the control of this bacterium becomes imperative. Vaccines against numerous bacteria have had impressive records in reducing the burden of the respective diseases and addressing antimicrobial resistance; as in the case of Haemophilus influenzae type b . A similar approach could be appropriate for A. baumannii. Toward this end, several potentially protective antigens against A. baumannii were identified and evaluated as vaccine antigen candidates. A licensed vaccine for the bacteria, however, is still not in sight. Here we explore and discuss challenges in vaccine development against A. baumannii and the promising approaches for improving the vaccine development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- NorAziyah Mat Rahim
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Virology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health Complex, Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - HaiYen Lee
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ulrich Strych
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sazaly AbuBakar
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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21
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Ma C, McClean S. Mapping Global Prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii and Recent Vaccine Development to Tackle It. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060570. [PMID: 34205838 PMCID: PMC8226933 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a leading cause of nosocomial infections that severely threaten public health. The formidable adaptability and resistance of this opportunistic pathogen have hampered the development of antimicrobial therapies which consequently leads to very limited treatment options. We mapped the global prevalence of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii and showed that carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii is widespread throughout Asia and the Americas. Moreover, when antimicrobial resistance rates of Acinetobacter spp. exceed a threshold level, the proportion of A. baumannii isolates from clinical samples surges. Therefore, vaccines represent a realistic alternative strategy to tackle this pathogen. Research into anti-A. baumannii vaccines have enhanced in the past decade and multiple antigens have been investigated preclinically with varying results. This review summarises the current knowledge of virulence factors relating to A. baumannii–host interactions and its implication in vaccine design, with a view to understanding the current state of A. baumannii vaccine development and the direction of future efforts.
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22
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López-Siles M, Corral-Lugo A, McConnell MJ. Vaccines for multidrug resistant Gram negative bacteria: lessons from the past for guiding future success. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:fuaa054. [PMID: 33289833 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a major threat to global public health. Vaccination is an effective approach for preventing bacterial infections, however it has not been successfully applied to infections caused by some of the most problematic multidrug resistant pathogens. In this review, the potential for vaccines to contribute to reducing the burden of disease of infections caused by multidrug resistant Gram negative bacteria is presented. Technical, logistical and societal hurdles that have limited successful vaccine development for these infections in the past are identified, and recent advances that can contribute to overcoming these challenges are assessed. A synthesis of vaccine technologies that have been employed in the development of vaccines for key multidrug resistant Gram negative bacteria is included, and emerging technologies that may contribute to future successes are discussed. Finally, a comprehensive review of vaccine development efforts over the last 40 years for three of the most worrisome multidrug resistant Gram negative pathogens, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is presented, with a focus on recent and ongoing studies. Finally, future directions for the vaccine development field are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia López-Siles
- Intrahospital Infections Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Corral-Lugo
- Intrahospital Infections Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael J McConnell
- Intrahospital Infections Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Häfner
- University of Copenhagen, BRIC Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, Lund Group, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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24
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McConnell MJ, Martín-Galiano AJ. Designing Multi-Antigen Vaccines Against Acinetobacter baumannii Using Systemic Approaches. Front Immunol 2021; 12:666742. [PMID: 33936107 PMCID: PMC8085427 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.666742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines and monoclonal antibodies are promising approaches for preventing and treating infections caused by multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. However, only partial protection has been achieved with many previously tested protein antigens, which suggests that vaccines incorporating multiple antigens may be necessary in order to obtain high levels of protection. Several aspects that use the wealth of omic data available for A. baumannii have not been fully exploited for antigen identification. In this study, the use of fractionated proteomic and computational data from ~4,200 genomes increased the number of proteins potentially accessible to the humoral response to 8,824 non-redundant proteins in the A. baumannii panproteome. Among them, 59% carried predicted B-cell epitopes and T-cell epitopes recognized by two or more alleles of the HLA class II DP supertype. Potential cross-reactivity with human proteins was detected for 8.9% of antigens at the protein level and 2.7% at the B-cell epitope level. Individual antigens were associated with different infection types by genomic, transcriptomic or functional analyses. High intra-clonal genome density permitted the identification of international clone II as a “vaccitype”, in which 20% of identified antigens were specific to this clone. Network-based centrality measurements were used to identify multiple immunologic nodes. Data were formatted, unified and stored in a data warehouse database, which was subsequently used to identify synergistic antigen combinations for different vaccination strategies. This study supports the idea that integration of multi-omic data and fundamental knowledge of the pathobiology of drug-resistant bacteria can facilitate the development of effective multi-antigen vaccines against these challenging infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McConnell
- Intrahospital Infections Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Antonio J Martín-Galiano
- Intrahospital Infections Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Spain
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Deciphering the Binding Interactions between Acinetobacter baumannii ACP and β-ketoacyl ACP Synthase III to Improve Antibiotic Targeting Using NMR Spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073317. [PMID: 33805050 PMCID: PMC8036411 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid synthesis is essential for bacterial viability. Thus, fatty acid synthases (FASs) represent effective targets for antibiotics. Nevertheless, multidrug-resistant bacteria, including the human opportunistic bacteria, Acinetobacter baumannii, are emerging threats. Meanwhile, the FAS pathway of A. baumannii is relatively unexplored. Considering that acyl carrier protein (ACP) has an important role in the delivery of fatty acyl intermediates to other FAS enzymes, we elucidated the solution structure of A. baumannii ACP (AbACP) and, using NMR spectroscopy, investigated its interactions with β-ketoacyl ACP synthase III (AbKAS III), which initiates fatty acid elongation. The results show that AbACP comprises four helices, while Ca2+ reduces the electrostatic repulsion between acid residues, and the unconserved F47 plays a key role in thermal stability. Moreover, AbACP exhibits flexibility near the hydrophobic cavity entrance from D59 to T65, as well as in the α1α2 loop region. Further, F29 and A69 participate in slow exchanges, which may be related to shuttling of the growing acyl chain. Additionally, electrostatic interactions occur between the α2 and α3-helix of ACP and AbKAS III, while the hydrophobic interactions through the ACP α2-helix are seemingly important. Our study provides insights for development of potent antibiotics capable of inhibiting A. baumannii FAS protein–protein interactions.
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Li X, Pan C, Liu Z, Sun P, Hua X, Feng E, Yu Y, Wu J, Zhu L, Wang H. Safety and immunogenicity of a new glycoengineered vaccine against Acinetobacter baumannii in mice. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 15:703-716. [PMID: 33755314 PMCID: PMC8867989 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii poses a serious threat to human health, mainly because of its widespread distribution and severe drug resistance. However, no licensed vaccines exist for this pathogen. In this study, we created a conjugate vaccine against A. baumannii by introducing an O‐linked glycosylation system into the host strain. After demonstrating the ability of the vaccine to elicit Th1 and Th2 immune responses and observing its good safety in mouse a model, the strong in vitro bactericidal activity and prophylactic effects of the conjugate vaccine against infection were further demonstrated by evaluating post‐infection tissue bacterial loads, observing suppressed serum pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels. Additionally, the broad protection from the vaccine was further proved via lethal challenge with A. baumannii. Overall, these results indicated that the conjugate vaccine could elicit an efficient immune response and provide good protection against A. baumannii infection in murine sepsis models. Thus, the conjugate vaccine can be considered as a promising candidate vaccine for preventing A. baumannii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Chao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Zhicheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xiaoting Hua
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Erling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yunsong Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Hengliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
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Du X, Xue J, Jiang M, Lin S, Huang Y, Deng K, Shu L, Xu H, Li Z, Yao J, Chen S, Shen Z, Feng G. A Multiepitope Peptide, rOmp22, Encapsulated in Chitosan-PLGA Nanoparticles as a Candidate Vaccine Against Acinetobacter baumannii Infection. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:1819-1836. [PMID: 33707942 PMCID: PMC7942956 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s296527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The development of vaccines is a promising and cost-effective strategy to prevent emerging multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) infections. The purpose of this study was to prepare a multiepitope peptide nanovaccine and evaluate its immunogenicity and protective effect in BALB/c mice. Methods The B-cell and T-cell epitopes of Omp22 from A. baumannii were predicted using bioinformatics methods and identified by immunological experiments. The optimal epitopes were conjugated in series by 6-aminocaproic acid and chemically synthesized multiepitope polypeptide rOmp22. Then, rOmp22 was encapsulated by chitosan (CS) and poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) to prepare CS-PLGA-rOmp22 nanoparticles (NPs). The immunogenicity and immunoprotective efficacy of the vaccine were evaluated in BALB/c mice. Results CS-PLGA-rOmp22 NPs were small (mean size of 272.83 nm) with apparently spherical structures, positively charged (4.39 mV) and nontoxic to A549 cells. A high encapsulation efficiency (54.94%) and a continuous slow release pattern were achieved. Compared with nonencapsulated rOmp22, CS-PLGA-rOmp22 immunized BALB/c mice induced higher levels of rOmp22-specific IgG in serum and IFN-γ in splenocyte supernatant. Additionally, lung injury and bacterial burdens in the lung and blood were suppressed, and potent protection (57.14%-83.3%) against acute lethal intratracheal A. baumannii challenge was observed in BALB/c mice vaccinated with CS-PLGA-rOmp22. Conclusion CS-PLGA-rOmp22 NPs elicited specific IgG antibodies, Th1 cellular immunity and protection against acute lethal intratracheal A. baumannii challenge. Our results indicate that this nanovaccine is a desirable candidate for preventing A. baumannii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingran Du
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianpeng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu Province, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzi Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoqing Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhen Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaili Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Shu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu Province, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu Province, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Sixia Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyan Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ganzhu Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Vieira de Araujo AE, Conde LV, da Silva Junior HC, de Almeida Machado L, Lara FA, Chapeaurouge A, Pauer H, Pires Hardoim CC, Martha Antunes LC, D'Alincourt Carvalho-Assef AP, Moreno Senna JP. Cross-reactivity and immunotherapeutic potential of BamA recombinant protein from Acinetobacter baumannii. Microbes Infect 2021; 23:104801. [PMID: 33582283 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2021.104801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an important nosocomial pathogen. BamA is a protein that belongs to a complex responsible for organizing the proteins on the bacterial outer membrane. In this work, we aimed to evaluate murine immune responses to BamA recombinant protein (rAbBamA) from A. baumannii in an animal model of infection, and to assess cross-reactivity of this target for the development of anti-A. baumannii vaccines or diagnostics. Immunization of mice with rAbBamA elicited high antibody titers and antibody recognition of native A. baumannii BamA. Immunofluorescence also detected binding to the bacterial surface. After challenge, immunized mice demonstrated a 40% survival increase and better bacterial clearance in kidneys. Immunoblot of anti-rAbBamA against other medically relevant bacteria showed binding to proteins of approximately 35 kDa in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli lysates, primarily identified as OmpA and OmpC, respectively. Altogether, our data show that anti-rAbBamA antibodies provide a protective response against A. baumannii infection in mice. However, the response elicited by immunization with rAbBamA is not completely specific to A. baumannii. Although a broad-spectrum vaccine that protects against various pathogens is an appealing strategy, antibody reactivity against the human microbiota is undesired. In fact, immunization with rAbBamA produced noticeable effects on the gut microbiota. However, the changes elicited were small and non-specific, given that no significant changes in the abundance of Proteobacteria were observed. Overall, rAbBamA is a promising target, but specificity must be considered in the development of immunological tools against A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Erika Vieira de Araujo
- Bio-Manguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Luis Vidal Conde
- Bio-Manguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | - Lucas de Almeida Machado
- Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Flavio Alves Lara
- Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Alex Chapeaurouge
- Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Heidi Pauer
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Innovation on Diseases of Neglected Populations, Center for Technological Development in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | - Luis Caetano Martha Antunes
- Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology of Innovation on Diseases of Neglected Populations, Center for Technological Development in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Ramezanalizadeh F, Rasooli I, Owlia P. Protective response against Acinetobacter baumannii with ferric iron receptors HemTR-BauA in a murine sepsis model. Future Microbiol 2021; 16:143-157. [PMID: 33528272 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Iron uptake and metabolism pathways are promising targets in vaccine development as an alternative strategy for antibiotics. Methods & methods: HemTR, a putative heme receptor of Acinetobacter baumannii, was expressed and its protectivity against A. baumannii was determined singly or in combination with the siderophore receptor, BauA, in mice. Results: High level of IgG was elicited. There was a delay in mice mortality with reduced bacterial loads in internal organs in the sublethal challenge. Protection was better in the HemTR-BauA group in both lethal and sublethal challenges. Passive transfer of anti-HemTR and anti-BauA partially protected mice against A. baumannii infection. Conclusion: HemTR in combination with other iron receptors could contribute to the development of protective vaccines against A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iraj Rasooli
- Department of Biology, Molecular Microbiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, 3319118651, Iran
| | - Parviz Owlia
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Microbiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, 3319118651, Iran
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Touhidinia M, Sefid F, Bidakhavidi M. Design of a Multi-epitope Vaccine Against Acinetobacter baumannii Using Immunoinformatics Approach. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021; 27:2417-2437. [PMID: 34483787 PMCID: PMC8397861 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10262-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most successful pathogens causing nosocomial infections and has significantly multidrug-resistant. So far, there are no certain treatments to protect against infection with A. baumannii, therefore an effective A. baumannii vaccine needed. The purpose of this study was to predict antigenic epitopes of CarO protein for designing the A. baumannii vaccine using immunoinformatics analysis. CarO protein is one of the most important factors in the resistance against the antibiotic Carbapenem. In this study, T and B-cell epitopes of CarO protein were predicted and screened based on the antigenicity, toxicity, allergenicity features. The epitopes were linked by suitable linkers. Four different adjuvants were attached to the vaccine constructs which among them, vaccine construct 3 was chosen to predict the secondary and the 3D structure of the vaccine. The refinement process was performed to improve the quality of the 3D model structure; the validation process is performed using the Ramachandran plot and ProSA z-score. The designed vaccine's binding affinity to six various HLA molecules and TLR 2 and TLR4 were evaluated by molecular docking. Finally, in silico gene cloning was performed in the pET28a (+) vector. The findings suggest that the vaccine may be a promising vaccine to prevent A. baumannii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Touhidinia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sefid
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Biology, Science and Art University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Bidakhavidi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Research, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
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Nirmala MJ, Durai L, Gopakumar V, Nagarajan R. Preparation of Celery Essential Oil-Based Nanoemulsion by Ultrasonication and Evaluation of Its Potential Anticancer and Antibacterial Activity. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:7651-7666. [PMID: 33116493 PMCID: PMC7553139 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s252640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Plants have always been a significant source of natural active components with biological properties. Celery seed oil (extracted from Apium graveolens) has several potential applications, but its therapeutic uses in the form of nanoemulsion formulation need to be investigated further in order to meet the demand in cancer treatment, and to alleviate the prevailing crisis arising from increased antimicrobial resistance. Methods The therapeutic potential of celery seed oil was investigated through the formulation and testing of a nanoemulsion developed with Tween 80 (a non-ionic surfactant) and the utilization of an ultrasonication technique. Anticancer and apoptotic properties of the formulation were evaluated through MTT and Annexin V-FITC assays. The clonogenic assay aided in the identification of the antiproliferative properties of the formulation on oral squamous cell carcinoma. The antimicrobial study was supported by agar well diffusion assay, membrane integrity test and scanning electron microscopy. Results Experiments identified relevant parameters, including optimal surfactant concentration and emulsification time. GC-MS analysis identified various components in the celery oil, but not their biological activities. A sonication time of 20 min resulted in a droplet diameter of 23.4 ± 1.80 nm. The IC50 concentration of the optimal nanoemulsion formulation against SAS cells was 1.4 µL/mL. At this concentration, cell proliferation was significantly reduced through inhibition of the anchorage-independent cell growth by disrupting colony formation and inducing cell death (apoptosis) of cancer cells. The nanoemulsion was also treated with a microbial suspension of S. aureus, and displayed antibacterial properties through lipid membrane fusion, causing cytoplasmic leakage as verified through agar well diffusion and membrane permeability assays. Scanning electron microscopy revealed complete distortion of the bacterial pathogen. Conclusion The results in this study present celery as a possible constituent for cancer therapeutics and as a candidate for aggressive, yet safe cancer treatment. The celery-based nanoemulsion has the potential to act as a key alternative to standard antibiotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Joyce Nirmala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Latha Durai
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Vineet Gopakumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Ramamurthy Nagarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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Uppalapati SR, Sett A, Pathania R. The Outer Membrane Proteins OmpA, CarO, and OprD of Acinetobacter baumannii Confer a Two-Pronged Defense in Facilitating Its Success as a Potent Human Pathogen. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:589234. [PMID: 33123117 PMCID: PMC7573547 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.589234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Of all the ESKAPE pathogens, carbapenem-resistant and multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is the leading cause of hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia. A. baumannii infections are notoriously hard to eradicate due to its propensity to rapidly acquire multitude of resistance determinants and the virulence factor cornucopia elucidated by the bacterium that help it fend off a wide range of adverse conditions imposed upon by host and environment. One such weapon in the arsenal of A. baumannii is the outer membrane protein (OMP) compendium. OMPs in A. baumannii play distinctive roles in facilitating the bacterial acclimatization to antibiotic- and host-induced stresses, albeit following entirely different mechanisms. OMPs are major immunogenic proteins in bacteria conferring bacteria host-fitness advantages including immune evasion, stress tolerance, and resistance to antibiotics and antibacterials. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of major A. baumannii OMPs and discuss their versatile role in antibiotic resistance and virulence. Specifically, we explore how OmpA, CarO, and OprD-like porins mediate antibiotic and amino acid shuttle and host virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva R Uppalapati
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Abhiroop Sett
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Ranjana Pathania
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
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Chen W. Host Innate Immune Responses to Acinetobacter baumannii Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:486. [PMID: 33042864 PMCID: PMC7521131 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a major threat to global public health and is one of the key human pathogens in healthcare (nosocomial and community-acquired)-associated infections. Moreover, A. baumannii rapidly develops resistance to multiple antibiotics and is now globally regarded as a serious multidrug resistant pathogen. There is an urgent need to develop novel vaccines and immunotherapeutics as alternatives to antibiotics for clinical management of A. baumannii infection. However, our knowledge of host immune responses to A. baumannii infection and the identification of novel therapeutic targets are significantly lacking. This review highlights the recent advances and critical gaps in our understanding how A. baumannii interacts with the host innate pattern-recognition receptors, induces a cascade of inflammatory cytokine and chemokine responses, and recruits innate immune effectors (such as neutrophils and macrophages) to the site of infection for effective control of the infection. Such knowledge will facilitate the identification of new targets for the design and development of effective therapeutics and vaccines to fight this emerging threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangxue Chen
- Human Health and Therapeutics (HHT) Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
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34
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Passive immunization with chitosan-loaded biofilm-associated protein against Acinetobacter baumannii murine infection model. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Bekeredjian-Ding I. Challenges for Clinical Development of Vaccines for Prevention of Hospital-Acquired Bacterial Infections. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1755. [PMID: 32849627 PMCID: PMC7419648 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing antibiotic resistance in bacteria causing endogenous infections has entailed a need for innovative approaches to therapy and prophylaxis of these infections and raised a new interest in vaccines for prevention of colonization and infection by typically antibiotic resistant pathogens. Nevertheless, there has been a long history of failures in late stage clinical development of this type of vaccines, which remains not fully understood. This article provides an overview on present and past vaccine developments targeting nosocomial bacterial pathogens; it further highlights the specific challenges associated with demonstrating clinical efficacy of these vaccines and the facts to be considered in future study designs. Notably, these vaccines are mainly applied to subjects with preexistent immunity to the target pathogen, transient or chronic immunosuppression and ill-defined microbiome status. Unpredictable attack rates and changing epidemiology as well as highly variable genetic and immunological strain characteristics complicate the development. In views of the clinical need, re-thinking of the study designs and expectations seems warranted: first of all, vaccine development needs to be footed on a clear rationale for choosing the immunological mechanism of action and the optimal time point for vaccination, e.g., (1) prevention (or reduction) of colonization vs. prevention of infection and (2) boosting of a preexistent immune response vs. altering the quality of the immune response. Furthermore, there are different, probably redundant, immunological and microbiological defense mechanisms that provide protection from infection. Their interplay is not well-understood but as a consequence their effect might superimpose vaccine-mediated resolution of infection and lead to failure to demonstrate efficacy. This implies that improved characterization of patient subpopulations within the trial population should be obtained by pro- and retrospective analyses of trial data on subject level. Statistical and systems biology approaches could help to define immune and microbiological biomarkers that discern populations that benefit from vaccination from those where vaccines might not be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Bekeredjian-Ding
- Division of Microbiology, Langen, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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36
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Ramezanalizadeh F, Owlia P, Rasooli I. Type I pili, CsuA/B and FimA induce a protective immune response against Acinetobacter baumannii. Vaccine 2020; 38:5436-5446. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Fereshteh S, Abdoli S, Shahcheraghi F, Ajdary S, Nazari M, Badmasti F. New putative vaccine candidates against Acinetobacter baumannii using the reverse vaccinology method. Microb Pathog 2020; 143:104114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Thibau A, Dichter AA, Vaca DJ, Linke D, Goldman A, Kempf VAJ. Immunogenicity of trimeric autotransporter adhesins and their potential as vaccine targets. Med Microbiol Immunol 2020; 209:243-263. [PMID: 31788746 PMCID: PMC7247748 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-019-00649-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The current problem of increasing antibiotic resistance and the resurgence of numerous infections indicate the need for novel vaccination strategies more than ever. In vaccine development, the search for and the selection of adequate vaccine antigens is the first important step. In recent years, bacterial outer membrane proteins have become of major interest, as they are the main proteins interacting with the extracellular environment. Trimeric autotransporter adhesins (TAAs) are important virulence factors in many Gram-negative bacteria, are localised on the bacterial surface, and mediate the first adherence to host cells in the course of infection. One example is the Neisseria adhesin A (NadA), which is currently used as a subunit in a licensed vaccine against Neisseria meningitidis. Other TAAs that seem promising vaccine candidates are the Acinetobacter trimeric autotransporter (Ata), the Haemophilus influenzae adhesin (Hia), and TAAs of the genus Bartonella. Here, we review the suitability of various TAAs as vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno Thibau
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexander A. Dichter
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Diana J. Vaca
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dirk Linke
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adrian Goldman
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Volkhard A. J. Kempf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Chiang MH, Yang YS, Sun JR, Wang YC, Kuo SC, Lee YT, Chuang YP, Chen TL. Confronting Tigecycline-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii via Immunization Against Conserved Resistance Determinants. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:536. [PMID: 32296411 PMCID: PMC7136391 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacterial infections, including those caused by Acinetobacter baumannii, have emerged as a clinical crisis worldwide. Immunization with AMR determinants has been suggested as a novel approach to combat AMR bacteria, but has not been validated. The present study targeted tigecycline (TGC) resistance determinants in A. baumannii to test the feasibility of this approach. Using bioinformatic tools, four candidates, AdeA, AdeI, AdeK, and TolC, belonging to the resistance-nodulation-division (RND) efflux pump were identified as highly conserved and exposed antigens from 15 A. baumannii genomes. Antisera generated from recombinant proteins showed the capability to reserve Hoechst 33342, a substrate of the efflux pump, in bacterial cells. The rTolC antisera had the highest complement-dependent killing and opsonophagocytosis effect compared to the sera from phosphate-buffered saline immunized mice. Among the antisera, anti-rAdeK-specific antisera decreased the minimal inhibitory concentration of TGC in 26.7% of the tested isolates. Immunization with rAdeK significantly potentiated TGC efficacy in treating TGC-resistant A. baumannii pneumonia in the murine model. The bacterial load (7.5 × 105 vs. 3.8 × 107, p < 0.01) and neutrophil infiltration in the peri-bronchial vasculature region of immunized mice was significantly lower compared to the PBS-immunized mice when TGC was administrated concomitantly. Collectively, these results suggest that active immunization against resistance determinants might be a feasible approach to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens in high risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsien Chiang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Sung Yang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Ren Sun
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chih Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Kuo
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tzu Lee
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Chuang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Li Chen
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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40
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Nasr P. Genetics, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. J Hosp Infect 2020; 104:4-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2019.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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41
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Pulido MR, García-Quintanilla M, Pachón J, McConnell MJ. A lipopolysaccharide-free outer membrane vesicle vaccine protects against Acinetobacter baumannii infection. Vaccine 2019; 38:719-724. [PMID: 31843268 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) were isolated from an Acinetobacter strain deficient in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) due to a mutation in lpxD (IB010). Two immunizations with 10 µg of IB010 OMVs elicited total IgG, IgM, IgG1 and IgG2c titers similar to those observed after immunization with OMVs derived from the parental strain (ATCC 19606), and IB010 OMVs plus purified LPS. Immunization with IB010 OMVs resulted in significantly reduced post-infection spleen bacterial loads and serum IL-1β and IL-6 levels compared to control mice in a disseminated sepsis model. Mice immunized with 10 µg IB010 OMVs demonstrated significant, but partial, protection (75%) against infection, whereas mice immunized with ATCC 19606 OMVs or IB010 OMVs plus purified LPS were completely protected. Immunization of mice with 100 µg of IB010 OMVs completely protected mice from infection. This study demonstrates that LPS deficient A. baumannii produces OMVs, and that immunization with these OMVs elicits protective immunity against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina R Pulido
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Meritxell García-Quintanilla
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Pachón
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Michael J McConnell
- National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Potential Mechanisms of Mucin-Enhanced Acinetobacter baumannii Virulence in the Mouse Model of Intraperitoneal Infection. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00591-19. [PMID: 31405959 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00591-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine mucin has been commonly used to enhance the infectivity of bacterial pathogens, including Acinetobacter baumannii, in animal models, but the mechanisms for enhancement by mucin remain relatively unknown. In this study, using the mouse model of intraperitoneal (i.p.) mucin-enhanced A. baumannii infection, we characterized the kinetics of bacterial replication and dissemination and the host innate immune responses, as well as their potential contribution to mucin-enhanced bacterial virulence. We found that mucin, either admixed with or separately injected with the challenge bacterial inoculum, was able to enhance the tissue and blood burdens of A. baumannii strains of different virulence. Intraperitoneal injection of A. baumannii-mucin or mucin alone induced a significant but comparable reduction of peritoneal macrophages and lymphocytes, accompanied by a significant neutrophil recruitment and early interleukin-10 (IL-10) responses, suggesting that the resulting inflammatory cellular and cytokine responses were largely induced by the mucin. Depletion of peritoneal macrophages or neutralization of endogenous IL-10 activities showed no effect on the mucin-enhanced infectivity. However, pretreatment of mucin with iron chelator DIBI, but not deferoxamine, partially abolished its virulence enhancement ability, and replacement of mucin with iron significantly enhanced the bacterial burdens in the peritoneal cavity and lung. Taken together, our results favor the hypothesis that iron at least partially contributes to the mucin-enhanced infectivity of A. baumannii in this model.
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Tohidinia M, Moshtaghioun SM, Sefid F, Falahati A. Functional Exposed Amino Acids of CarO Analysis as a Potential Vaccine Candidate in Acinetobacter Baumannii. Int J Pept Res Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09923-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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44
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Morris FC, Dexter C, Kostoulias X, Uddin MI, Peleg AY. The Mechanisms of Disease Caused by Acinetobacter baumannii. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1601. [PMID: 31379771 PMCID: PMC6650576 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram negative opportunistic pathogen that has demonstrated a significant insurgence in the prevalence of infections over recent decades. With only a limited number of “traditional” virulence factors, the mechanisms underlying the success of this pathogen remain of great interest. Major advances have been made in the tools, reagents, and models to study A. baumannii pathogenesis, and this has resulted in a substantial increase in knowledge. This article provides a comprehensive review of the bacterial virulence factors, the host immune responses, and animal models applicable for the study of this important human pathogen. Collating the most recent evidence characterizing bacterial virulence factors, their cellular targets and genetic regulation, we have encompassed numerous aspects important to the success of this pathogen, including membrane proteins and cell surface adaptations promoting immune evasion, mechanisms for nutrient acquisition and community interactions. The role of innate and adaptive immune responses is reviewed and areas of paucity in our understanding are highlighted. Finally, with the vast expansion of available animal models over recent years, we have evaluated those suitable for use in the study of Acinetobacter disease, discussing their advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faye C Morris
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Carina Dexter
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Xenia Kostoulias
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Muhammad Ikhtear Uddin
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Anton Y Peleg
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Huang W, Zhang Q, Li W, Chen Y, Shu C, Li Q, Zhou J, Ye C, Bai H, Sun W, Yang X, Ma Y. Anti-outer Membrane Vesicle Antibodies Increase Antibiotic Sensitivity of Pan-Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1379. [PMID: 31275290 PMCID: PMC6591364 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii often causes serious nosocomial infections. Because of its serious drug resistance problems, complex drug resistance mechanism, and rapid adaptation to antibiotics, it often shows pan-drug resistance and high fatality rates, which represent great challenges for clinical treatment. Therefore, identifying new ways to overcome antibiotic resistance is particularly important. In this study, mice immunized with A. baumannii outer membrane vesicles (AbOMVs) produced high IgG levels for a long time, and this antiserum significantly increased the small molecule intracellular aggregation rate and concentrations. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the combined used of anti-AbOMV serum and quinolone antibiotics significantly increased the sensitivity of the bacteria to these antibiotics. Mouse sepsis model experiments demonstrated that delivery of these antibodies using both active and passive immunization strategies significantly improved the susceptibility to quinolone antibiotics, improved the survival rate of mice infected with A. baumannii, and reduced the bacterial load in the organs. In a pneumonia model, the combination of serum anti-AbOMVs and levofloxacin improved levofloxacin sensitivity, which significantly reduced the bacterial loads in the lung and spleen compared with those of the antibiotic or antibody alone. This combination also significantly reduced lung inflammatory cell infiltration and inflammatory cytokine aggregation. In this study, the main protein targets that bound to these antibodies were identified. Structural modeling showed that seven of the proteins were porins. Therefore, we speculated that the anti-AbOMV antibodies mainly improved the intracellular aggregation of antibiotics by affecting porins, thus improving susceptibility to quinolone antibiotics. This study provides a method to improve susceptibility to existing antibiotics and a novel idea for the prevention and treatment of pan-drug-resistant A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Qishu Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Weiran Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yongjun Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Congyan Shu
- Sichuan Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingrong Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jingxian Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Chao Ye
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Hongmei Bai
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Wenjia Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yanbing Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
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46
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Ansari H, Tahmasebi-Birgani M, Bijanzadeh M, Doosti A, Kargar M. Study of the immunogenicity of outer membrane protein A ( ompA) gene from Acinetobacter baumannii as DNA vaccine candidate in vivo. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 22:669-675. [PMID: 31231495 PMCID: PMC6570755 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.30799.7427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acinetobacter baumannii is one the most dangerous opportunistic pathogens in hospitalized infections. This bacterium is resistant to 90% of commercial antibiotics. Therefore, developing new strategies to cure A. baumannii-infections is urgent. The DNA vaccines new approach in which the immunogen can be directly expressed inside the target cells through cloning of immunogen into an expression vector. The outer membrane protein A(OmpA) is one the critical factors in pathogenicity of A. baumannii which has been repeatedly described as a powerful immunogen to trigger the immune responses. As the pure form of the OmpA is insoluble, vaccine delivery is very hard. MATERIALS AND METHODS We previously cloned the ompA gene from A. baumannii into the eukaryotic expression vector pBudCE4.1 and observed that the OmpA protein has been considerably expressed in eukaryotic cell model. In current study, the immunogenic potential of pBudCE4.1-ompA has been evaluated in mice model of experimental. The serum levels of IgM, IgG, IL-2, IL-4, IL-12 and INF-γ were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after immunization with ompA-vaccine. The protective efficiency of the designed-DNA vaccine was evaluated following intranasal administration of mice with toxic dose of A. baumannii. RESULTS Obtained data showed the elevated levels of IgM, IgG, IL-2, IL-4, IL-12 and INF-γ in serum following the vaccine administration and mice who immunized with recombinant vector were survived more than control group. CONCLUSION These findings indicate ompA-DNA vaccine is potent to trigger humoral and cellular immunity responses although further experiments are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ansari
- Department of Genetics, Marvdasht branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Departments of Biotechnology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Tahmasebi-Birgani
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mahdi Bijanzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Abbas Doosti
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kargar
- Department of Microbiology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
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47
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Bolourchi N, Shahcheraghi F, Shirazi AS, Janani A, Bahrami F, Badmasti F. Immunogenic reactivity of recombinant PKF and AbOmpA proteins as serum resistance factors against sepsis of Acinetobacter baumannii. Microb Pathog 2019; 131:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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48
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Yang AQ, Yang HY, Guo SJ, Xie YE. MF59 adjuvant enhances the immunogenicity and protective immunity of the OmpK/Omp22 fusion protein from Acineterbacter baumannii through intratracheal inoculation in mice. Scand J Immunol 2019; 90:e12769. [PMID: 31006127 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii (A baumannii) is an emerging nosocomial pathogenic bacterium which leads to hospital infections. The increase in drug-resistant A baumannii strains makes it difficult to control by using common antibiotics. The development of effective vaccines is an alternative means to avoid A baumannii infections. In the present study, Balb/c mice were inoculated intratracheally with 30 μg of OmpK/Omp22 fusion protein alone or OmpK/Omp22 formulated with MF59 adjuvant. After two times of boosting at day 14 and 21, the antigen-specific antibody levels and the protective immunity against A baumannii challenge were evaluated. The results showed that the OmpK/Omp22 formulated with MF59 immunized mice produced much higher level of antigen-specific antibodies compared to mice immunized with OmpK/Omp22 alone (P < 0.01). Mice immunized with 30 μg of OmpK/Omp22 formulated with MF59 also provided more potent protection post-challenge, which showed lower bacterial loads in the blood and lung tissue, lower level of blood inflammatory cytokines and higher survival rate (83.3%) than mice immunized with OmpK/Omp22 alone (P < 0.001). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that OmpK/Omp22 fusion protein adjuvanted with MF59 induced superior immune response and better protection than OmpK/Omp22 alone through intratracheal inoculation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Qiong Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Hai-Yan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - San-Jun Guo
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Biology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yong-En Xie
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Biology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
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49
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Harris G, KuoLee R, Xu HH, Chen W. Acute intraperitoneal infection with a hypervirulent Acinetobacter baumannii isolate in mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6538. [PMID: 31024025 PMCID: PMC6484084 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43000-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii infection has become a major cause of healthcare-associated infection and a critical pathogen in the WHO antimicrobial resistance research and development priority list. Catheter-related septicemia is one of the major clinical manifestations of A. baumannii infection associated with high morbidity and mortality. In this study, we used a clinical A. baumannii strain (LAC-4) that is hypervirulent to immunocompetent C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice and established a mouse model of intraperitoneal (i.p.) A. baumannii infection. Our study showed that i.p. LAC-4 infection of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice induces a lethal or sublethal infection with high bacterial burdens in peritoneal cavity, blood and tissues and the infected mice either succumbed to the infection within 24 hours or completely recovered from the infection. The infection induces acute peritoneal recruitment of neutrophils and other innate immune cells, and the local and systemic production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines (IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, TNF-α, RANTES, MIP-1β, MCP-1, KC and IL-10). Mechanistic studies suggest an important role of macrophages in the host innate defense in this model in that in vitro stimulation of peritoneal macrophages with killed LAC-4 induced a similar pattern of cytokine/chemokine responses to those in the infected mice, and depletion of peritoneal macrophages rendered the mice significantly more susceptible to the infection. Thus, this mouse infection model will provide an alternative and useful tool for future pathogenesis studies of A. baumannii-associated septicemia and identification and characterization of important virulence factors, as well as serve as a surrogate model for rapid evaluation of novel therapeutics and vaccines for this emerging infectious agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Harris
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Rhonda KuoLee
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - H Howard Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Wangxue Chen
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada. .,Department of Biology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada.
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50
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Li Y, Tang X, Zhao Z, Wang H, Wang X, Shang X, Liu P, Kou Z, Jiang Y, Li Y. Intranasal immunization with recombinant outer membrane protein A induces protective immune response against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214596. [PMID: 30934008 PMCID: PMC6443155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia), a multi-drug resistant opportunistic pathogen, is associated with nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Preventive and therapeutic strategies for such infections are greatly needed. In this study, sequence alignment analysis revealed that Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) was highly conserved among S. maltophilia strains but shared no significant similarity with human and mouse proteomes. In mice, intranasal immunization with S. maltophilia recombinant OmpA (rOmpA) without additional adjuvant induced sustained mucosal and systemic rOmpA-specific antibody responses. Treatment with rOmpA stimulated significantly higher levels of secretion of IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-17A (All P<0.05) from the primary splenocytes isolated from rOmpA-immunized mice than from the primary splenocytes isolated from PBS-immunized mice. Furthermore, mice immunized with rOmpA showed significantly reduced bacterial burden in the lung and reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) 24 hours after intranasal S. maltophilia infection, indicating that immunization with rOmpA may have protective effects against S. maltophilia challenge in mice. Our findings suggest that intranasal immunization with rOmpA may induce mucosal and systemic immune responses in mice, trigger Th1- and Th17-mediated cellular immune responses, and thus stimulate host immune defense against S. maltophilia infection. These results also demonstrate that intranasal vaccination may offer an alternative approach to current strategies since it induces a mucosal as well as a systemic immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- No 307 Hospital of PLA of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, No 307 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Respiratory and Digestive, Fengyang First People's Hospital, Fengyang, Anhui, China
| | - Xueping Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, No 307 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Zunquan Zhao
- The Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- The Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, No 307 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyi Shang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, No 307 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- The Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihua Kou
- The Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Jiang
- The Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- No 307 Hospital of PLA of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, No 307 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
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