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Baatjies L, van Rensberg IC, Snyders C, Gutschmidt A, Loxton AG, Williams MJ. Investigating Mycobacterium tuberculosis sufR (rv1460) in vitro and ex vivo expression and immunogenicity. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286965. [PMID: 37319185 PMCID: PMC10270350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is vital metal for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, survival, and persistence within its human host. The mobilization of sulphur (SUF) operon encodes the primary iron-sulphur (Fe-S) biogenesis system in M. tuberculosis and is induced during iron limitation and intracellular growth of M. tuberculosis, pointing to its importance during infection. To study sufR expression at single cell level during intracellular growth of M. tuberculosis a fluorescent reporter was generated by cloning a 123 bp sufR promoter region upstream of a promotorless mcherry gene in an integrating vector. Expression analysis and fluorescence measurements during in vitro culture revealed that the reporter was useful for measuring induction of the promoter but was unable to detect subsequent repression due to the stability of mCherry. During intracellular growth in THP-1 macrophages, increased fluorescence was observed in the strain harbouring the reporter relative to the control strain, however this induction was only observed in a small sub-set of the population. Since SufR levels are predicted to be elevated during infection we hypothesize that it is immunogenic and may induce an immune response in M. tuberculosis infected individuals. The immune response elicited by SufR for both whole blood assay (WBA, a short term 12-hr stimulation to characterise the production of cytokines/growth factors suggestive of an effector response) and lymphocyte proliferation assay (LPA, a longer term 7-day stimulation to see if SufR induces a memory type immune response) were low and did not show a strong immune response for the selected Luminex analytes (MCP-1, RANTES, IL-1b, IL-8, MIP-1b, IFN-g, IL-6 and MMP-9) measured in three clinical groups, namely active TB, QuantiFERON positive (QFN pos) and QFN negative (QFN neg) individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda Baatjies
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Science and Innovation (DSI)-National Research Foundation (NRF) Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ilana C. van Rensberg
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Science and Innovation (DSI)-National Research Foundation (NRF) Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Candice Snyders
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Science and Innovation (DSI)-National Research Foundation (NRF) Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andrea Gutschmidt
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Science and Innovation (DSI)-National Research Foundation (NRF) Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andre G. Loxton
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Science and Innovation (DSI)-National Research Foundation (NRF) Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Monique J. Williams
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Zhou Y, Zhang F, Shi H, Wu P, Zhou Y. Host biomarkers other than interferon gamma in QFT-TB supernatants for identifying active tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2022; 136:102256. [PMID: 36113397 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2022.102256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs) for tuberculosis (TB) remain limited in their ability to discriminate between active TB (ATB) and latent TB infection (LTBI). The objective of our study was to evaluate the value of additional cytokines/chemokines other than interferon gamma (IFN-γ) as biomarkers to identify different TB infection status. A total of 128 subjects were enrolled to detect the quantification of IL-2, IP-10, MCP-1 and RANTES in the supernatants of QuantiFERON®-TB (QFT-TB). Area under the curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency. Notably, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) induced cytokines/chemokines of ATB patients were significantly higher than those of the LTBI, other lung related diseases (ORD) and healthy controls (HC). Moreover, ROC analysis indicated that all cytokine/chemokine parameters detected were more capable of distinguishing ATB from LTBI than IFN-γ, especially IL-2. The diagnostic model including TB specific IL-2 and RANTES improved the performance in distinguishing ATB from LTBI, which was superior to single cytokines/chemokines in QFT-TB supernatants. Our results suggest that the combination of Mtb specific cytokines/chemokines has great prospects in the diagnosis of ATB, and the diagnostic model based on IL-2 and RANTES can be used as an alternative to distinguish ATB from LTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
| | - Fujie Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qian Xi Nan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou, 562400, Qian Xi Nan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, China.
| | - Hanlu Shi
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, 310053, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Peihao Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310006, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yonglie Zhou
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
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HaileMariam M, Yu Y, Singh H, Teklu T, Wondale B, Worku A, Zewude A, Mounaud S, Tsitrin T, Legesse M, Gobena A, Pieper R. Protein and Microbial Biomarkers in Sputum Discern Acute and Latent Tuberculosis in Investigation of Pastoral Ethiopian Cohort. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:595554. [PMID: 34150670 PMCID: PMC8212885 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.595554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Differential diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) and latent TB infection (LTBI) remains a public health priority in high TB burden countries. Pulmonary TB is diagnosed by sputum smear microscopy, chest X-rays, and PCR tests for distinct Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) genes. Clinical tests to diagnose LTBI rely on immune cell stimulation in blood plasma with TB-specific antigens followed by measurements of interferon-γ concentrations. The latter is an important cytokine for cellular immune responses against Mtb in infected lung tissues. Sputum smear microscopy and chest X-rays are not sufficiently sensitive while both PCR and interferon-γ release assays are expensive. Alternative biomarkers for the development of diagnostic tests to discern TB disease states are desirable. This study's objective was to discover sputum diagnostic biomarker candidates from the analysis of samples from 161 human subjects including TB patients, individuals with LTBI, negative community controls (NCC) from the province South Omo, a pastoral region in Ethiopia. We analyzed 16S rRNA gene-based bacterial taxonomies and proteomic profiles. The sputum microbiota did not reveal statistically significant differences in α-diversity comparing the cohorts. The genus Mycobacterium, representing Mtb, was only identified for the TB group which also featured reduced abundance of the genus Rothia in comparison with the LTBI and NCC groups. Rothia is a respiratory tract commensal and may be sensitive to the inflammatory milieu generated by infection with Mtb. Proteomic data supported innate immune responses against the pathogen in subjects with pulmonary TB. Ferritin, an iron storage protein released by damaged host cells, was markedly increased in abundance in TB sputum compared to the LTBI and NCC groups, along with the α-1-acid glycoproteins ORM1 and ORM2. These proteins are acute phase reactants and inhibit excessive neutrophil activation. Proteomic data highlight the effector roles of neutrophils in the anti-Mtb response which was not observed for LTBI cases. Less abundant in the sputum of the LTBI group, compared to the NCC group, were two immunomodulatory proteins, mitochondrial TSPO and the extracellular ribonuclease T2. If validated, these proteins are of interest as new biomarkers for diagnosis of LTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milkessa HaileMariam
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yanbao Yu
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Harinder Singh
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Takele Teklu
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Biniam Wondale
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Biology, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Adane Worku
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Aboma Zewude
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Tamara Tsitrin
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Mengistu Legesse
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ameni Gobena
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Rembert Pieper
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
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Yu Y, Singh H, Kwon K, Tsitrin T, Petrini J, Nelson KE, Pieper R. Protein signatures from blood plasma and urine suggest changes in vascular function and IL-12 signaling in elderly with a history of chronic diseases compared with an age-matched healthy cohort. GeroScience 2021. [PMID: 32974878 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00269-y/figures/10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Key processes characterizing human aging are immunosenescence and inflammaging. The capacity of the immune system to adequately respond to external perturbations (e.g., pathogens, injuries, and biochemical irritants) and to repair somatic mutations that may cause cancers or cellular senescence declines. An important goal remains to identify genetic or biochemical, predictive biomarkers for healthy aging. We recruited two cohorts in the age range 70 to 82, one afflicted by chronic illnesses (non-healthy aging, NHA) and the other in good health (healthy aging, HA). NHA criteria included major cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and chronic pulmonary diseases, diabetes, and cancers. Quantitative analysis of forty proinflammatory cytokines in blood plasma and more than 500 proteins in urine was performed to identify candidate biomarkers for and biological pathway implications of healthy aging. Nine cytokines revealed lower quantities in blood plasma for the NHA compared with the HA groups (fold change > 1.5; p value < 0.025) including IL-12p40 and IL-12p70. We note that, sampling at two timepoints, intra-individual cytokine abundance patterns clustered in 86% of all 60 cases, indicative of person-specific, highly controlled multi-cytokine signatures in blood plasma. Twenty-three urinary proteins were differentially abundant (HA versus NHA; fold change > 1.5; p value < 0.01). Among the proteins increased in abundance in the HA cohort were glycoprotein MUC18, ephrin type-B receptor 4, matrix remodeling-associated protein 8, angiopoietin-related protein 2, K-cadherin, and plasma protease C1 inhibitor. These proteins have been linked to the extracellular matrix, cell adhesion, and vascular remodeling and repair processes. In silico network analysis identified the regulation of coagulation, antimicrobial humoral immune responses, and the IL-12 signaling pathway as enriched GO terms. To validate links of these preliminary biomarkers and IL-12 signaling with healthy aging, clinical studies using larger cohorts and functional characterization of the genes/proteins in cellular models of aging need to be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbao Yu
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 9605 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Harinder Singh
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 9605 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Keehwan Kwon
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 9605 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Tamara Tsitrin
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 9605 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Joann Petrini
- Western Connecticut Health Network, 24 Hospital Avenue, Danbury, CT, 06810, USA
| | - Karen E Nelson
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 9605 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Rembert Pieper
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 9605 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
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Teklu T, Wondale B, Taye B, Hailemariam M, Bekele S, Tamirat M, Zewude A, Mohamed T, Medhin G, Legesse M, Yu Y, Ameni G, Pieper R. Differences in plasma proteomes for active tuberculosis, latent tuberculosis and non-tuberculosis mycobacterial lung disease patients with and without ESAT-6/CFP10 stimulation. Proteome Sci 2020; 18:10. [PMID: 33292280 PMCID: PMC7603755 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-020-00165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the world's most problematic infectious diseases. The pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is contained by the immune system in people with latent TB infection (LTBI). No overt disease symptoms occur. The environmental and internal triggers leading to reactivation of TB are not well understood. Non-tuberculosis Mycobacteria (NTM) can also cause TB-like lung disease. Comparative analysis of blood plasma proteomes from subjects afflicted by these pathologies in an endemic setting may yield new differentiating biomarkers and insights into inflammatory and immunological responses to Mtb and NTM. METHODS Blood samples from 40 human subjects in a pastoral region of Ethiopia were treated with the ESAT-6/CFP-10 antigen cocktail to stimulate anti-Mtb and anti-NTM immune responses. In addition to those of active TB, LTBI, and NTM cohorts, samples from matched healthy control (HC) subjects were available. Following the generation of sample pools, proteomes were analyzed via LC-MS/MS. These experiments were also performed without antigen stimulation steps. Statistically significant differences using the Z-score method were determined and interpreted in the context of the proteins' functions and their contributions to biological pathways. RESULTS More than 200 proteins were identified from unstimulated and stimulated plasma samples (UPSs and SPSs, respectively). Thirty-four and 64 proteins were differentially abundant with statistical significance (P < 0.05; Benjamini-Hochberg correction with an FDR < 0.05) comparing UPS and SPS proteomic data of four groups, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis of such proteins via the Gene Ontology Resource was indicative of changes in cellular and metabolic processes, responses to stimuli, and biological regulations. The m7GpppN-mRNA hydrolase was increased in abundance in the LTBI group compared to HC subjects. Charged multivesicular body protein 4a and platelet factor-4 were increased in abundance in NTM as compared to HC and decreased in abundance in NTM as compared to active TB. C-reactive protein, α-1-acid glycoprotein 1, sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 16, and vitamin K-dependent protein S were also increased (P < 0.05; fold changes≥2) in SPSs and UPSs comparing active TB with LTBI and NTM cases. These three proteins, connected in a STRING functional network, contribute to the acute phase response and influence blood coagulation. CONCLUSION Plasma proteomes are different comparing LTBI, TB, NTM and HC cohorts. The changes are augmented following prior blood immune cell stimulation with the ESAT-6/CFP-10 antigen cocktail. The results encourage larger-cohort studies to identify specific biomarkers to diagnose NTM infection, LTBI, and to predict the risk of TB reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takele Teklu
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Biniam Wondale
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Biology, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Biruhalem Taye
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Notkestraβe 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Mesfin Tamirat
- Laboratory department, Jinka General Hospital, Jinka, Ethiopia
| | - Aboma Zewude
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Ethiopian Public health Institute, P.O box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Temesgen Mohamed
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Girmay Medhin
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mengistu Legesse
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yanbao Yu
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Gobena Ameni
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Sudbury EL, Clifford V, Messina NL, Song R, Curtis N. Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific cytokine biomarkers to differentiate active TB and LTBI: A systematic review. J Infect 2020; 81:873-881. [PMID: 33007340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES New tests are needed to overcome the limitations of existing immunodiagnostic tests for tuberculosis (TB) infection, including their inability to differentiate between active TB and latent TB infection (LTBI). This review aimed to identify the most promising cytokine biomarkers for use as stage-specific markers of TB infection. METHODS A systematic review was done using electronic databases to identify studies that have investigated Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-specific cytokine responses as diagnostic tools to differentiate between LTBI and active TB. RESULTS The 56 studies included in this systematic review measured the MTB-specific responses of 100 cytokines, the most frequently studied of which were IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, IP-10, IL-10 and IL-13. Ten studies assessed combinations of cytokines, most commonly IL-2 and IFN-γ. For most cytokines, findings were heterogenous between studies. The variation in results likely relates to differences in the study design and laboratory methods, as well as participant and environmental factors. CONCLUSIONS Although several cytokines show promise as stage-specific markers of TB infection, this review highlights the need for further well-designed studies, in both adult and paediatric populations, to establish which cytokine(s) will be of most use in a new generation of immunodiagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva L Sudbury
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Infectious Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Vanessa Clifford
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Infectious Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Nicole L Messina
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Infectious Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Rinn Song
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK; Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Infectious Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.
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Yu Y, Singh H, Kwon K, Tsitrin T, Petrini J, Nelson KE, Pieper R. Protein signatures from blood plasma and urine suggest changes in vascular function and IL-12 signaling in elderly with a history of chronic diseases compared with an age-matched healthy cohort. GeroScience 2020; 43:593-606. [PMID: 32974878 PMCID: PMC8110643 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00269-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Key processes characterizing human aging are immunosenescence and inflammaging. The capacity of the immune system to adequately respond to external perturbations (e.g., pathogens, injuries, and biochemical irritants) and to repair somatic mutations that may cause cancers or cellular senescence declines. An important goal remains to identify genetic or biochemical, predictive biomarkers for healthy aging. We recruited two cohorts in the age range 70 to 82, one afflicted by chronic illnesses (non-healthy aging, NHA) and the other in good health (healthy aging, HA). NHA criteria included major cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and chronic pulmonary diseases, diabetes, and cancers. Quantitative analysis of forty proinflammatory cytokines in blood plasma and more than 500 proteins in urine was performed to identify candidate biomarkers for and biological pathway implications of healthy aging. Nine cytokines revealed lower quantities in blood plasma for the NHA compared with the HA groups (fold change > 1.5; p value < 0.025) including IL-12p40 and IL-12p70. We note that, sampling at two timepoints, intra-individual cytokine abundance patterns clustered in 86% of all 60 cases, indicative of person-specific, highly controlled multi-cytokine signatures in blood plasma. Twenty-three urinary proteins were differentially abundant (HA versus NHA; fold change > 1.5; p value < 0.01). Among the proteins increased in abundance in the HA cohort were glycoprotein MUC18, ephrin type-B receptor 4, matrix remodeling-associated protein 8, angiopoietin-related protein 2, K-cadherin, and plasma protease C1 inhibitor. These proteins have been linked to the extracellular matrix, cell adhesion, and vascular remodeling and repair processes. In silico network analysis identified the regulation of coagulation, antimicrobial humoral immune responses, and the IL-12 signaling pathway as enriched GO terms. To validate links of these preliminary biomarkers and IL-12 signaling with healthy aging, clinical studies using larger cohorts and functional characterization of the genes/proteins in cellular models of aging need to be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbao Yu
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 9605 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Harinder Singh
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 9605 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Keehwan Kwon
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 9605 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Tamara Tsitrin
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 9605 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Joann Petrini
- Western Connecticut Health Network, 24 Hospital Avenue, Danbury, CT, 06810, USA
| | - Karen E Nelson
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 9605 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.,J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Rembert Pieper
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 9605 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
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Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Tuberculosis is the number one infectious killer of people with HIV worldwide, but it can be both prevented and treated. Prevention of tuberculosis by screening for and treating latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), along with the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART), is the key component of HIV care.
Recent Findings
While access to ART has increased worldwide, uptake and completion of LTBI treatment regimens among people living with HIV (PWH) are very poor. Concomitant TB-preventive therapy and ART are complex because of drug–drug interactions, but these can be managed. Recent clinical trials of shorter preventive regimens have demonstrated safety and efficacy in PWH with higher completion rates. More research is needed to guide TB-preventive therapy in children and in pregnant women, and for drug-resistant TB (DR-TB).
Summary
Antiretroviral therapy and tuberculosis-preventive treatment regimens can be optimized to avoid drug–drug interactions, decrease pill burden and duration, and minimize side effects in order to increase adherence and treatment completion rates among PWH and LTBI.
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Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Peptides in Serum Extracellular Vesicles from Persons with Latent Tuberculosis Infection. J Clin Microbiol 2020; 58:JCM.00393-20. [PMID: 32245831 PMCID: PMC7269374 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00393-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of biomarkers for latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and risk of progression to tuberculosis (TB) disease are needed to better identify individuals to target for preventive therapy, predict disease risk, and potentially predict preventive therapy efficacy. Our group developed multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (MRM-MS) assays that detected M. tuberculosis peptides in serum extracellular vesicles from TB patients. We subsequently optimized this MRM-MS assay to selectively identify 40 M. tuberculosis peptides from 19 proteins that most commonly copurify with serum vesicles of patients with TB. Here, we used this technology to evaluate if M. tuberculosis peptides can also be detected in individuals with latent TB infection (LTBI). Serum extracellular vesicles from 74 individuals presumed to have latent M. tuberculosis infection (LTBI) based on close contact with a household member with TB or a recent tuberculin skin test (TST) conversion were included in this study. Twenty-nine samples from individuals with no evidence of TB infection by TST and no known exposure to TB were used as controls to establish a threshold to account for nonspecific/background signal. We identified at least one of the 40 M. tuberculosis peptides in 70 (95%) individuals with LTBI. A single peptide from the glutamine synthetase (GlnA1) enzyme was identified in 61/74 (82%) individuals with LTBI, suggesting peptides from M. tuberculosis proteins involved in nitrogen metabolism might be candidates for pathogen-specific biomarkers for detection of LTBI. The detection of M. tuberculosis peptides in serum extracellular vesicles from persons with LTBI represents a potential advance in the diagnosis of LTBI.
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HaileMariam M, Eguez RV, Singh H, Bekele S, Ameni G, Pieper R, Yu Y. S-Trap, an Ultrafast Sample-Preparation Approach for Shotgun Proteomics. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:2917-2924. [PMID: 30114372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The success of shotgun proteomic analysis depends largely on how samples are prepared. Current approaches (such as those that are gel-, solution-, or filter-based), although being extensively employed in the field, are time-consuming and less effective with respect to the repetitive sample processing, recovery, and overall yield. As an alternative, the suspension trapping (S-Trap) filter has been commercially available very recently in the format of a single or 96-well filter plate. In contrast to the conventional filter-aided sample preparation (FASP) approach, which utilizes a molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) membrane as the filter and requires hours of processing before digestion-ready proteins can be obtained, the S-Trap employs a three-dimensional porous material as filter media and traps particulate protein suspensions with the subsequent depletion of interfering substances and in-filter digestion. Due to the large (submicron) pore size, each centrifugation cycle of the S-Trap filter only takes 1 min, which significantly reduces the total processing time from approximately 3 h by FASP to less than 15 min, suggesting an ultrafast sample-preparation approach for shotgun proteomics. Here, we comprehensively evaluate the performance of the individual S-Trap filter and 96-well filter plate in the context of global protein identification and quantitation using whole-cell lysate and clinically relevant sputum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milkessa HaileMariam
- J. Craig Venter Institute , 9605 Medical Center Drive , Rockville , Maryland 20850 , United States.,Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology , Addis Ababa University , Addis Ababa , Ethiopia
| | - Rodrigo Vargas Eguez
- J. Craig Venter Institute , 9605 Medical Center Drive , Rockville , Maryland 20850 , United States
| | - Harinder Singh
- J. Craig Venter Institute , 9605 Medical Center Drive , Rockville , Maryland 20850 , United States
| | - Shiferaw Bekele
- J. Craig Venter Institute , 9605 Medical Center Drive , Rockville , Maryland 20850 , United States
| | - Gobena Ameni
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology , Addis Ababa University , Addis Ababa , Ethiopia
| | - Rembert Pieper
- J. Craig Venter Institute , 9605 Medical Center Drive , Rockville , Maryland 20850 , United States
| | - Yanbao Yu
- J. Craig Venter Institute , 9605 Medical Center Drive , Rockville , Maryland 20850 , United States
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Diagnostic Value of IL-4, IL-10 and IL-12 in Detection of Hepatic Hydatid Cyst Using Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.12.2.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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