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Tanishita Y, Sekiya H, Inohara N, Tsuchiya K, Mitsuyama M, Núñez G, Hara H. Listeria toxin promotes phosphorylation of the inflammasome adaptor ASC through Lyn and Syk to exacerbate pathogen expansion. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110414. [PMID: 35196496 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasome activation exacerbates infectious disease caused by pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Although these pathogens activate host inflammasomes to regulate pathogen expansion, the mechanisms by which pathogen toxins contribute to inflammasome activation remain poorly understood. Here we show that activation of inflammasomes by Listeria infection is promoted by amino acid residue T223 of listeriolysin O (LLO) independently of its pore-forming activity. LLO T223 is critical for phosphorylation of the inflammasome adaptor ASC at amino acid residue Y144 through Lyn-Syk signaling, which is essential for ASC oligomerization. Notably, a Listeria mutant expressing LLO T223A is impaired in inducing ASC phosphorylation and inflammasome activation. Furthermore, the virulence of LLO T223A mutant is markedly attenuated in vivo due to impaired ability to activate the inflammasome. Our results reveal a function of a pathogen toxin that exacerbates infection by promoting phosphorylation of ASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Tanishita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hisateru Sekiya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Naohiro Inohara
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kohsuke Tsuchiya
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masao Mitsuyama
- Department of Microbiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Gabriel Núñez
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hideki Hara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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2
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Antilisterial Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Eliminating Listeria monocytogenes in Host and Ready-to-Eat Food Application. MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres12010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is a severe food borne disease with a mortality rate of up to 30% caused by pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes via the production of several virulence factors including listeriolysin O (LLO), transcriptional activator (PrfA), actin (Act), internalin (Int), etc. It is a foodborne disease predominantly causing infections through consumption of contaminated food and is often associated with ready-to-eat food (RTE) and dairy products. Common medication for listeriosis such as antibiotics might cause an eagle effect and antibiotic resistance if it is overused. Therefore, exploration of the use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with probiotic characteristics and multiple antimicrobial properties is increasingly getting attention for their capability to treat listeriosis, vaccine development, and hurdle technologies. The antilisterial gene, a gene coding to produce antimicrobial peptide (AMP), one of the inhibitory substances found in LAB, is one of the potential key factors in listeriosis treatment, coupled with the vast array of functions and strategies; this review summarizes the various strategies by LAB against L. monocytogenes and the prospect in development of a ‘generally regarded as safe’ LAB for treatment of listeriosis.
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3
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Jeong YH, Walsh MC, Yu J, Shen H, Wherry EJ, Choi Y. Mice Lacking the Purinergic Receptor P2X5 Exhibit Defective Inflammasome Activation and Early Susceptibility to Listeria monocytogenes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:760-766. [PMID: 32540996 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
P2X5 is a member of the P2X purinergic receptor family of ligand-gated cation channels and has recently been shown to regulate inflammatory bone loss. In this study, we report that P2X5 is a protective immune regulator during Listeria monocytogenes infection, as P2X5-deficient mice exhibit increased bacterial loads in the spleen and liver, increased tissue damage, and early (within 3-6 d) susceptibility to systemic L. monocytogenes infection. Whereas P2X5-deficient mice experience normal monocyte recruitment in response to L. monocytogenes, P2X5-deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) exhibit defective cytosolic killing of L. monocytogenes We further showed that P2X5 is required for L. monocytogenes-induced inflammasome activation and IL-1β production and that defective L. monocytogenes killing in P2X5-deficient BMMs is substantially rescued by exogenous IL-1β or IL-18. Finally, in vitro BMM killing and in vivo L. monocytogenes infection experiments employing either P2X7 deficiency or extracellular ATP depletion suggest that P2X5-dependent anti-L. monocytogenes immunity is independent of the ATP-P2X7 inflammasome activation pathway. Together, our findings elucidate a novel and specific role for P2X5 as a critical mediator of protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hee Jeong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Matthew C Walsh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jiyeon Yu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Hao Shen
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - E John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Yongwon Choi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; .,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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4
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Sanchez‐Garrido J, Slater SL, Clements A, Shenoy AR, Frankel G. Vying for the control of inflammasomes: The cytosolic frontier of enteric bacterial pathogen-host interactions. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13184. [PMID: 32185892 PMCID: PMC7154749 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Enteric pathogen-host interactions occur at multiple interfaces, including the intestinal epithelium and deeper organs of the immune system. Microbial ligands and activities are detected by host sensors that elicit a range of immune responses. Membrane-bound toll-like receptors and cytosolic inflammasome pathways are key signal transducers that trigger the production of pro-inflammatory molecules, such as cytokines and chemokines, and regulate cell death in response to infection. In recent years, the inflammasomes have emerged as a key frontier in the tussle between bacterial pathogens and the host. Inflammasomes are complexes that activate caspase-1 and are regulated by related caspases, such as caspase-11, -4, -5 and -8. Importantly, enteric bacterial pathogens can actively engage or evade inflammasome signalling systems. Extracellular, vacuolar and cytosolic bacteria have developed divergent strategies to subvert inflammasomes. While some pathogens take advantage of inflammasome activation (e.g. Listeria monocytogenes, Helicobacter pylori), others (e.g. E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia sp.) deploy a range of virulence factors, mainly type 3 secretion system effectors, that subvert or inhibit inflammasomes. In this review we focus on inflammasome pathways and their immune functions, and discuss how enteric bacterial pathogens interact with them. These studies have not only shed light on inflammasome-mediated immunity, but also the exciting area of mammalian cytosolic immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Avinash R. Shenoy
- Department of Infectious Disease, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology & InfectionImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Gad Frankel
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUK
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5
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Clark SE, Schmidt RL, McDermott DS, Lenz LL. A Batf3/Nlrp3/IL-18 Axis Promotes Natural Killer Cell IL-10 Production during Listeria monocytogenes Infection. Cell Rep 2019; 23:2582-2594. [PMID: 29847790 PMCID: PMC6170157 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) capitalizes on natural killer (NK) cell production of regulatory interleukin (IL)-10 to establish severe systemic infections. Here, we identify regulators of this IL-10 secretion. We show that IL-18 signals to NK cells license their ability to produce IL-10. IL-18 acts independent of IL-12 and STAT4, which co-stimulate IFNγ secretion. Dendritic cell (DC) expression of Nlrp3 is required for IL-18 release in response to the Lm p60 virulence protein. Therefore, mice lacking Nlrp3, Il18, or Il18R fail to accumulate serum IL-10 and are highly resistant to systemic Lm infection. We further show that cells expressing or dependent on Batf3 are required for IL-18-inducing IL-10 production observed in infected mice. These findings explain how Il18 and Batf3 promote susceptibility to bacterial infection and demonstrate the ability of Lm to exploit NLRP3 for the promotion of regulatory NK cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Clark
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rebecca L Schmidt
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Daniel S McDermott
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Laurel L Lenz
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
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6
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Jergović M, Thompson HL, Renkema KR, Smithey MJ, Nikolich-Žugich J. Defective Transcriptional Programming of Effector CD8 T Cells in Aged Mice Is Cell-Extrinsic and Can Be Corrected by Administration of IL-12 and IL-18. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2206. [PMID: 31620129 PMCID: PMC6759569 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to infection with intracellular microorganisms, old mice mobilize decreased numbers of antigen-specific CD8 T cells with reduced expression of effector molecules and impaired cytolytic activity. Molecular mechanisms behind these defects and the cell-intrinsic (affecting naïve CD8 T cells themselves) vs. extrinsic, microenvironmental origin of such defects remain unclear. Using reciprocal transfer experiments of highly purified naïve T cells from adult and old transgenic OT-1 mice, we decisively show that the dominant effect is cell-extrinsic. Naïve adult OT-1 T cells failed to expand and terminally differentiate in the old organism infected with Listeria-OVA. This defect was preceded by blunted expression of the master transcription factor T-bet and impaired glycolytic switch when T cells are primed in the old organism. However, both old and adult naïve CD8 T cells proliferated and produced effector molecules to a similar extent when stimulated in vitro with polyclonal stimuli, as well as when transferred into adult recipients. Multiple inflammatory cytokines with direct effects on T cell effector differentiation were decreased in spleens of old animals, particularly IL-12 and IL-18. Of note, in vivo treatment of mice with IL-12 and IL-18 on days 4–6 of Listeria infection reconstituted cytotoxic T cell response of aged mice to the level of adult. Therefore, critical cytokine signals which are underproduced in the old priming environment can restore proper transcriptional programming of old naïve CD8 T cells and improve immune defense against intracellular microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mladen Jergović
- Department of Immunobiology and the University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Heather L Thompson
- Department of Immunobiology and the University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Kristin R Renkema
- Department of Immunobiology and the University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Biomedical Sciences Department, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI, United States
| | - Megan J Smithey
- Department of Immunobiology and the University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Janko Nikolich-Žugich
- Department of Immunobiology and the University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, United States
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7
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Interleukin-18 in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030649. [PMID: 30717382 PMCID: PMC6387150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-18 was originally discovered as a factor that enhanced IFN-γ production from anti-CD3-stimulated Th1 cells, especially in the presence of IL-12. Upon stimulation with Ag plus IL-12, naïve T cells develop into IL-18 receptor (IL-18R) expressing Th1 cells, which increase IFN-γ production in response to IL-18 stimulation. Therefore, IL-12 is a commitment factor that induces the development of Th1 cells. In contrast, IL-18 is a proinflammatory cytokine that facilitates type 1 responses. However, IL-18 without IL-12 but with IL-2, stimulates NK cells, CD4+ NKT cells, and established Th1 cells, to produce IL-3, IL-9, and IL-13. Furthermore, together with IL-3, IL-18 stimulates mast cells and basophils to produce IL-4, IL-13, and chemical mediators such as histamine. Therefore, IL-18 is a cytokine that stimulates various cell types and has pleiotropic functions. IL-18 is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines. IL-18 demonstrates a unique function by binding to a specific receptor expressed on various types of cells. In this review article, we will focus on the unique features of IL-18 in health and disease in experimental animals and humans.
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8
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Hara H, Seregin SS, Yang D, Fukase K, Chamaillard M, Alnemri ES, Inohara N, Chen GY, Núñez G. The NLRP6 Inflammasome Recognizes Lipoteichoic Acid and Regulates Gram-Positive Pathogen Infection. Cell 2018; 175:1651-1664.e14. [PMID: 30392956 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The activator and composition of the NLRP6 inflammasome remain poorly understood. We find that lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a molecule produced by Gram-positive bacteria, binds and activates NLRP6. In response to cytosolic LTA or infection with Listeria monocytogenes, NLRP6 recruited caspase-11 and caspase-1 via the adaptor ASC. NLRP6 activation by LTA induced processing of caspase-11, which promoted caspase-1 activation and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)/IL-18 maturation in macrophages. Nlrp6-/- and Casp11-/- mice were less susceptible to L. monocytogenes infection, which was associated with reduced pathogen loads and impaired IL-18 production. Administration of IL-18 to Nlrp6-/- or Casp11-/- mice restored the susceptibility of mutant mice to L. monocytogenes infection. These results reveal a previously unrecognized innate immunity pathway triggered by cytosolic LTA that is sensed by NLRP6 and exacerbates systemic Gram-positive pathogen infection via the production of IL-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Hara
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Sergey S Seregin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dahai Yang
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Mathias Chamaillard
- CIIL-Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 8204, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Emad S Alnemri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Naohiro Inohara
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Grace Y Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gabriel Núñez
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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9
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Listeria monocytogenes and the Inflammasome: From Cytosolic Bacteriolysis to Tumor Immunotherapy. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2016; 397:133-60. [PMID: 27460808 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41171-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are cytosolic innate immune surveillance systems that recognize a variety of danger signals, including those from pathogens. Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive intracellular bacterium evolved to live within the harsh environment of the host cytosol. Further, L. monocytogenes can activate a robust cell-mediated immune response that is being harnessed as an immunotherapeutic platform. Access to the cytosol is critical for both causing disease and inducing a protective immune response, and it is hypothesized that the cytosolic innate immune system, including the inflammasome, is critical for both host protection and induction of long-term immunity. L. monocytogenes can activate a variety of inflammasomes via its pore-forming toxin listeriolysin-O, flagellin, or DNA released through bacteriolysis; however, inflammasome activation attenuates L. monocytogenes, and as such, L. monocytogenes has evolved a variety of ways to limit inflammasome activation. Surprisingly, inflammasome activation also impairs the host cell-mediated immune response. Thus, understanding how L. monocytogenes activates or avoids detection by the inflammasome is critical to understand the pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes and improve the cell-mediated immune response generated to L. monocytogenes for more effective immunotherapies.
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10
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Plekhova N, Somova L, Drobot E. The metabolism of the innate immunity cells in bacterial infections. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 61:105-14. [DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20156101105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic activity of innate immunity cells infected by various doses of Gram-negative (Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Salmonella enteritidis) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes) bacteria has been investigated. Using various animal models we found that during the initial period (up to 2 days) changes of infection in cellular responses depend on the type of the pathogen. In response to infection caused by Gram-negative bacteria predominant neutrophil accumulation in the foci of inflammation was observed, while Gram-positive bacteria induced preferential accumulation of macrophages. The study of metabolism of these cells showed that the response of terminally differentiated primed phagocytes to pathogen appearance was higher than in cells circulating in blood. In addition to the priming state the phagocyte reactivity is influenced by the bacterial load. At a low phagocyte/microbe ratio the cells reaction is almost undetectable, while an excess of microorganisms causes (despite of the increase of the phagocytic parameters) the hyperactivation of cell metabolism and production of maximal amounts of bactericide agents, which exhibit a damaging effect on the cell itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.G. Plekhova
- Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia; Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - L.M. Somova
- Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - E.I. Drobot
- Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
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11
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Netea MG, van de Veerdonk FL, van der Meer JWM, Dinarello CA, Joosten LAB. Inflammasome-independent regulation of IL-1-family cytokines. Annu Rev Immunol 2014; 33:49-77. [PMID: 25493334 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032414-112306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Induction, production, and release of proinflammatory cytokines are essential steps to establish an effective host defense. Cytokines of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family induce inflammation and regulate T lymphocyte responses while also displaying homeostatic and metabolic activities. With the exception of the IL-1 receptor antagonist, all IL-1 family cytokines lack a signal peptide and require proteolytic processing into an active molecule. One such unique protease is caspase-1, which is activated by protein platforms called the inflammasomes. However, increasing evidence suggests that inflammasomes and caspase-1 are not the only mechanism for processing IL-1 cytokines. IL-1 cytokines are often released as precursors and require extracellular processing for activity. Here we review the inflammasome-independent enzymatic processes that are able to activate IL-1 cytokines, paying special attention to neutrophil-derived serine proteases, which subsequently induce inflammation and modulate host defense. The inflammasome-independent processing of IL-1 cytokines has important consequences for understanding inflammatory diseases, and it impacts the design of IL-1-based modulatory therapies.
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12
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Tsuchiya K, Hara H, Fang R, Hernandez-Cuellar E, Sakai S, Daim S, Chen X, Dewamitta SR, Qu H, Mitsuyama M, Kawamura I. The adaptor ASC exacerbates lethal Listeria monocytogenes infection by mediating IL-18 production in an inflammasome-dependent and -independent manner. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:3696-707. [PMID: 25251560 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes induces the formation of inflammasomes and subsequent caspase-1 activation, and the adaptor apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) is crucial for this response. However, the role of ASC in L. monocytogenes infection in vivo is unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that ASC has a detrimental effect on host defense against L. monocytogenes infection at a lethal dose (10(6) CFU), but not at a sublethal dose (10(3) CFU). During lethal L. monocytogenes infection, serum levels of IL-18 and IL-10 were markedly elevated in WT mice, but not in ASC KO mice. IL-18 KO mice were more resistant to lethal L. monocytogenes infection than WT mice and had lower levels of serum IL-10. Furthermore, blockade of IL-10 receptor resulted in a reduction in bacterial counts, suggesting that ASC and IL-18 might exacerbate L. monocytogenes infection through induction of IL-10. We noticed that maturation of IL-18 during lethal infection was partially independent of caspase-1, but was critically dependent on ASC. ASC was required for the elevation of serum neutrophil serine protease activity, which correlated with caspase-1-independent IL-18 maturation and IL-10 production. Collectively, these results suggest that ASC plays a detrimental role in lethal L. monocytogenes infection through IL-18 production in an inflammasome-dependent and -independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohsuke Tsuchiya
- Department of Microbiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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13
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Arnold-Schrauf C, Dudek M, Dielmann A, Pace L, Swallow M, Kruse F, Kühl AA, Holzmann B, Berod L, Sparwasser T. Dendritic cells coordinate innate immunity via MyD88 signaling to control Listeria monocytogenes infection. Cell Rep 2014; 6:698-708. [PMID: 24529704 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (LM), a facultative intracellular Gram-positive pathogen, can cause life-threatening infections in humans. In mice, the signaling cascade downstream of the myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is essential for proper innate immune activation against LM, as MyD88-deficient mice succumb early to infection. Here, we show that MyD88 signaling in dendritic cells (DCs) is sufficient to mediate the protective innate response, including the production of proinflammatory cytokines, neutrophil infiltration, bacterial clearance, and full protection from lethal infection. We also demonstrate that MyD88 signaling by DCs controls the infection rates of CD8α(+) cDCs and thus limits the spread of LM to the T cell areas. Furthermore, in mice expressing MyD88 in DCs, inflammatory monocytes, which are required for bacterial clearance, are activated independently of intrinsic MyD88 signaling. In conclusion, CD11c(+) conventional DCs critically integrate pathogen-derived signals via MyD88 signaling during early infection with LM in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Arnold-Schrauf
- Institute for Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Dudek
- Institute for Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anastasia Dielmann
- Institute for Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Luigia Pace
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U932, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Maxine Swallow
- Institute for Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Friederike Kruse
- Institute for Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anja A Kühl
- Department of Medicine I for Gastroenterology, Infectious Disease and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Holzmann
- Chirurgische Klinik und Poliklinik, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Luciana Berod
- Institute for Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Institute for Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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Williams MA, Schmidt RL, Lenz LL. Early events regulating immunity and pathogenesis during Listeria monocytogenes infection. Trends Immunol 2012; 33:488-95. [PMID: 22677184 PMCID: PMC3440530 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is both a life-threatening pathogen of humans and a model organism that is widely used to dissect the mechanisms of innate and adaptive immune resistance to infection. Specific aspects of the immune response to systemic Lm infection can be protective, neutral, or in some cases deleterious. In this review, we seek to provide an overview of the early events during Lm infection that dictate or regulate host innate and adaptive immune responses. We highlight several recent developments that add to our understanding of the complex interplay between inflammatory responses, host susceptibility to infection, and the development of protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Williams
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, 15 North Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Schmidt RL, Lenz LL. Distinct licensing of IL-18 and IL-1β secretion in response to NLRP3 inflammasome activation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45186. [PMID: 23028835 PMCID: PMC3445464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasome activation permits processing of interleukins (IL)-1β and 18 and elicits cell death (pyroptosis). Whether these responses are independently licensed or are “hard-wired” consequences of caspase-1 (casp1) activity has not been clear. Here, we show that that each of these responses is independently regulated following activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes by a “non-canonical” stimulus, the secreted Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) p60 protein. Primed murine dendritic cells (DCs) responded to p60 stimulation with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 but not pyroptosis. Inhibitors of ROS production inhibited secretion of IL-1β, but did not impair IL-18 secretion. Furthermore, DCs from caspase-11 (casp11)-deficient 129S6 mice failed to secrete IL-1β in response to p60 but were fully responsive for IL-18 secretion. These findings reveal that there are distinct licensing requirements for processing of IL-18 versus IL-1β by NLRP3 inflammasomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Schmidt
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Laurel L. Lenz
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Departments of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado - Denver School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Netea MG, Simon A, van de Veerdonk F, Kullberg BJ, Van der Meer JWM, Joosten LAB. IL-1beta processing in host defense: beyond the inflammasomes. PLoS Pathog 2010; 6:e1000661. [PMID: 20195505 PMCID: PMC2829053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulation and release of proinflammatory cytokines is an essential step for the activation of an effective innate host defense, and subsequently for the modulation of adaptive immune responses. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 are important proinflammatory cytokines that on the one hand activate monocytes, macropages, and neutrophils, and on the other hand induce Th1 and Th17 adaptive cellular responses. They are secreted as inactive precursors, and the processing of pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 depends on cleavage by proteases. One of the most important of these enzymes is caspase-1, which in turn is activated by several protein platforms called the inflammasomes. Inflammasome activation differs in various cell types, and knock-out mice defective in either caspase-1 or inflammasome components have an increased susceptibility to several types of infections. However, in other infections and in models of sterile inflammation, caspase-1 seems to be less important, and alternative mechanisms such as neutrophil-derived serine proteases or proteases released from microbial pathogens can process and activate IL-1β. In conclusion, IL-1β/IL-18 processing during infection is a complex process in which the inflammasomes are only one of several activation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai G Netea
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, and Nijmegen Center for Infections, Inflammation and Immunity (N4i), Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Interleukin-18-related genes are induced during the contraction phase but do not play major roles in regulating the dynamics or function of the T-cell response to Listeria monocytogenes infection. Infect Immun 2009; 77:1894-903. [PMID: 19223481 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01315-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines, such as gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), impact aspects of T-cell responses after infection, including expansion, contraction, and memory formation. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) functions as a proinflammatory cytokine by stimulating the production of IFN-gamma from multiple cell types and accentuating the development of Th1 CD4 T-cell responses. Focused microarray analyses revealed upregulation of IL-18 and IL-18 receptor genes in CD8 T cells during the contraction phase. Based on these findings we investigated if and how signaling through the IL-18 receptor influences the development and kinetics of antigen (Ag)-specific CD8 and CD4 T-cell responses following infection. IL-18Ralpha(-/-) and IL-18(-/-) mice developed frequencies and total numbers of Ag-specific CD8 T cells after Listeria monocytogenes infection that were similar to those of wild-type C57BL/6 mice. The kinetics of expansion, contraction, and memory CD8 T-cell maintenance were also similar. When IL-18Ralpha deficiency was isolated to Ag-specific CD8 T cells, the kinetics of the expansion and contraction phases were also normal. These basic findings were confirmed by examining the response to vaccinia virus infection. In contrast, the expansion of Ag-specific CD4 T cells was slightly curtailed by the absence of IL-18Ralpha; however, contraction and the maintenance of memory were not altered. Importantly, both memory Ag-specific CD8 and CD4 T cells generated in the absence of IL-18Ralpha expanded appropriately after secondary antigen exposure and were protective, indicating that signaling through the IL-18 receptor is not required for normal T-cell response kinetics and survival of immunized mice challenged with a lethal L. monocytogenes infection.
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