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Luyao X, Wenhai G, Jiaying D, Ya C, Yun C, Wei L, Jiean X, Wen S, Xiaodong Z, Changjun W, Hongzhi Y, Jinwen X, Yaxing Z. Hydrogen gas alleviates acute ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in mice via modulating TLR4/9 innate immune signaling and pyroptosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111399. [PMID: 38142641 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), which is induced by chronic heavy alcohol consumption, accompanies complicated pathological mechanisms, including oxidative stress, inflammation, cell death, epigenetic changes and acetaldehyde-mediated toxicity. Hydrogen (H2) is the lightest gas with multiple biological effects such as high selective anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis. However, the dose effects and innate immune mechanisms of intraperitoneal injection of H2 on ALD are limited. Here, we used acute ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity mice models to estimate the actions of intraperitoneal injection of H2 on ALD. The effects of H2 on acute ethanol-induced liver damage were examined by hepatic oil red O staining, quantitative PCR (qPCR) for lipid metabolic genes, hepatic triglyceride (TG) and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. Hepatic mitochondrial superoxide (MitoSOX), 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) levels were examined to evaluate oxidative stress. Immunoblot, and immunofluorescence staining were used to further confirm the innate immune molecular targets of H2. Our results showed that intraperitoneal injection of H2 improved acute ethanol-induced liver injury in mice in a dose dependent manner, as indicated by decreasing serum ALT and AST levels, hepatic TG levels, and increasing lipid export genes (Mttp and Apob) mRNA levels and reducing fatty acid uptake gene (CD36) mRNA levels. Mechanistically, H2 inhibited hepatic oxidative stress as indicated by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS), 3-NT, and MDA levels in the liver, while increasing hepatic GSH levels; inhibited the overactived TLR4/9-NF-κB-TNF-α/IL-1β/IL-18 innate immune signaling; suppressed the canonical Caspase-1-GSDMD pyroptosis signaling, and the non-canonical pyroptosis signaling, such as Caspase-11-GSDMD, Caspase-8-GSDMD and Caspase-3-GSDME signaling. Therefore, our study highlights that intraperitoneal injection of H2 may represent a novel therapeutic and safe strategy for ALD via modulating oxidative stress, innate immunity and pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Luyao
- Research Centre of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guo Wenhai
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Geriatric Institute), Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Dai Jiaying
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cheng Ya
- Research Centre of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chen Yun
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liu Wei
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xu Jiean
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Su Wen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhang Xiaodong
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wang Changjun
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Geriatric Institute), Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yang Hongzhi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China.
| | - Xu Jinwen
- Research Centre of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhang Yaxing
- Research Centre of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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2
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Terry AQ, Kojima H, Sosa RA, Kaldas FM, Chin JL, Zheng Y, Naini BV, Noguchi D, Nevarez-Mejia J, Jin YP, Busuttil RW, Meyer AS, Gjertson DW, Kupiec-Weglinski JW, Reed EF. Disulfide-HMGB1 signals through TLR4 and TLR9 to induce inflammatory macrophages capable of innate-adaptive crosstalk in human liver transplantation. Am J Transplant 2023; 23:1858-1871. [PMID: 37567451 PMCID: PMC11095628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) contributes to graft rejection and poor clinical outcomes. The disulfide form of high mobility group box 1 (diS-HMGB1), an intracellular protein released during OLT-IRI, induces pro-inflammatory macrophages. How diS-HMGB1 differentiates human monocytes into macrophages capable of activating adaptive immunity remains unknown. We investigated if diS-HMGB1 binds toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and TLR9 to differentiate monocytes into pro-inflammatory macrophages that activate adaptive immunity and promote graft injury and dysfunction. Assessment of 106 clinical liver tissue and longitudinal blood samples revealed that OLT recipients were more likely to experience IRI and graft dysfunction with increased diS-HMGB1 released during reperfusion. Increased diS-HMGB1 concentration also correlated with TLR4/TLR9 activation, polarization of monocytes into pro-inflammatory macrophages, and production of anti-donor antibodies. In vitro, healthy volunteer monocytes stimulated with purified diS-HMGB1 had increased inflammatory cytokine secretion, antigen presentation machinery, and reactive oxygen species production. TLR4 inhibition primarily impeded cytokine/chemokine and costimulatory molecule programs, whereas TLR9 inhibition decreased HLA-DR and reactive oxygen species production. diS-HMGB1-polarized macrophages also showed increased capacity to present antigens and activate T memory cells. In murine OLT, diS-HMGB1 treatment potentiated ischemia-reperfusion-mediated hepatocellular injury, accompanied by increased serum alanine transaminase levels. This translational study identifies the diS-HMGB1/TLR4/TLR9 axis as potential therapeutic targets in OLT-IRI recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson Q Terry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hidenobu Kojima
- Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rebecca A Sosa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fady M Kaldas
- Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jackson L Chin
- Department of Bioengineering, Samueli School of Engineering at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bita V Naini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daisuke Noguchi
- Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jessica Nevarez-Mejia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Jin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ronald W Busuttil
- Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Aaron S Meyer
- Department of Bioengineering, Samueli School of Engineering at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David W Gjertson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jerzy W Kupiec-Weglinski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA; Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Elaine F Reed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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3
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Depew CE, McSorley SJ. The role of tissue resident memory CD4 T cells in Salmonella infection: Implications for future vaccines. Vaccine 2023; 41:6426-6433. [PMID: 37739887 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella infections cause a wide range of intestinal and systemic disease that affects global human health. While some vaccines are available, they do not mitigate the impact of Salmonella on endemic areas. Research using Salmonella mouse models has revealed the important role of CD4 T cells and antibody in the development of protective immunity against Salmonella infection. Recent work points to a critical role for hepatic tissue-resident memory lymphocytes in naturally acquired immunity to systemic infection. Thus, understanding the genesis and function of this Salmonella-specific population is an important objective and is the primary focus of this review. Greater understanding of how these memory lymphocytes contribute to bacterial elimination could suggest new approaches to vaccination against an important human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Depew
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Stephen J McSorley
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Pudla M, Sanongkiet S, Ekchariyawat P, Luangjindarat C, Ponpuak M, Utaisincharoen P. TLR9 Negatively Regulates Intracellular Bacterial Killing by Pyroptosis in Burkholderia pseudomallei -Infected Mouse Macrophage Cell Line (Raw264.7). Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0348822. [PMID: 36194127 PMCID: PMC9602866 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03488-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Melioidosis is a serious infectious disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei. This bacterium is able to survive and multiply inside the immune cells such as macrophages. It is well established that Toll-like receptors (TLRs), particularly surface TLRs such as TLR2, TLR4, and TLR5, play an essential role in defending against this bacterial infection. However, the involvement of endosomal TLRs in the infection has not been elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that the number of intracellular bacteria is reduced in TLR9-depleted RAW264.7 cells infected with B. pseudomallei, suggesting that TLR9 is involved in intracellular bacterial killing in macrophages. As several reports have previously demonstrated that pyroptosis is essential for restricting intracellular bacterial killing, particularly in B. pseudomallei infection, we also observed an increased release of cytosolic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in TLR9-depleted cells infected with B. pseudomallei, suggesting TLR9 involvement in pyroptosis in this context. Consistently, the increases in caspase-11 and gasdermind D (GSDMD) activations, which are responsible for the LDH release, were also detected. Moreover, we demonstrated that the increases in pyroptosis and bacterial killing in B. pseudomallei-infected TLR9-depleted cells were due to the augmentation of the IFN-β, one of the key cytokines known to regulate caspase-11. Altogether, this finding showed that TLR9 suppresses macrophage killing of B. pseudomallei by regulating pyroptosis. This information provides a novel mechanism of TLR9 in the regulation of intracellular bacterial killing by macrophages, which could potentially be leveraged for therapeutic intervention. IMPORTANCE Surface TLRs have been well established to play an essential role in Burkholderia pseudomallei infection. However, the role of endosomal TLRs has not been elucidated. In the present study, we demonstrated that TLR9 plays a crucial role by negatively regulating cytokine production, particularly IFN-β, a vital cytokine to control pyroptosis via caspase-11 activation. By depletion of TLR9, the percentage of pyroptosis was significantly increased, leading to suppression of intracellular survival in B. pseudomallei-infected macrophages. These findings provide a new role of TLR9 in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matsayapan Pudla
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sucharat Sanongkiet
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Peeraya Ekchariyawat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Marisa Ponpuak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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5
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Zhang G, Wang J, Zhao Z, Xin T, Fan X, Shen Q, Raheem A, Lee CR, Jiang H, Ding J. Regulated necrosis, a proinflammatory cell death, potentially counteracts pathogenic infections. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:637. [PMID: 35869043 PMCID: PMC9307826 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of cell apoptosis, other gene-regulated cell deaths are gradually appreciated, including pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis. Necroptosis is, so far, one of the best-characterized regulated necrosis. In response to diverse stimuli (death receptor or toll-like receptor stimulation, pathogenic infection, or other factors), necroptosis is initiated and precisely regulated by the receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) with the involvement of its partners (RIPK1, TRIF, DAI, or others), ultimately leading to the activation of its downstream substrate, mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL). Necroptosis plays a significant role in the host's defense against pathogenic infections. Although much has been recognized regarding modulatory mechanisms of necroptosis during pathogenic infection, the exact role of necroptosis at different stages of infectious diseases is still being unveiled, e.g., how and when pathogens utilize or evade necroptosis to facilitate their invasion and how hosts manipulate necroptosis to counteract these detrimental effects brought by pathogenic infections and further eliminate the encroaching pathogens. In this review, we summarize and discuss the recent progress in the role of necroptosis during a series of viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections with zoonotic potentials, aiming to provide references and directions for the prevention and control of infectious diseases of both human and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhi Zhang
- grid.464332.4Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jinyong Wang
- grid.508381.70000 0004 0647 272XShenzhen Bay Laboratory, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, 518000 China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong China
| | - Zhanran Zhao
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200 USA
| | - Ting Xin
- grid.464332.4Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Xuezheng Fan
- grid.464332.4Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Qingchun Shen
- grid.464332.4Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Abdul Raheem
- grid.464332.4Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China ,grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137Present Address: Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chae Rhim Lee
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200 USA ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Present Address: University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Hui Jiang
- grid.464332.4Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jiabo Ding
- grid.464332.4Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
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6
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Kiarely Souza E, Pereira-Dutra FS, Rajão MA, Ferraro-Moreira F, Goltara-Gomes TC, Cunha-Fernandes T, Santos JDC, Prestes EB, Andrade WA, Zamboni DS, Bozza MT, Bozza PT. Lipid droplet accumulation occurs early following Salmonella infection and contributes to intracellular bacterial survival and replication. Mol Microbiol 2021; 117:293-306. [PMID: 34783412 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Salmonellosis is a public health problem caused by Salmonella sp., a highly adapted facultative intracellular pathogen. After internalization, Salmonella sp. Manipulates several host processes, mainly through the activation of the type III secretion system (T3SS), including modification of host lipid metabolism and lipid droplet (LD) accumulation. LDs are dynamic and complex lipid-rich organelles involved in several cellular processes. The present study investigated the mechanism involved in LD biogenesis in Salmonella-infected macrophages and its role in bacterial pathogenicity. Here, we reported that S. Typhimurium induced a rapid time-dependent increase of LD formation in macrophages. The LD biogenesis was demonstrated to depend on Salmonella's viability and SPI1-related T3SS activity, with the participation of Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) signaling. We also observed that LD accumulation occurs through TLR2-dependent signaling and is counter-regulated by TLR4. Last, the pharmacologic modulation of LD formation by inhibiting diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) significantly reduced the intracellular bacterial proliferation and impaired the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) synthesis. Collectively, our data suggest the role of LDs on S. typhimurium intracellular survival and replication in macrophages. This data set provides new perspectives for future investigations about LDs in host-pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Kiarely Souza
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Program of Immunology and Inflammation, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Filipe S Pereira-Dutra
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Matheus A Rajão
- Program of Immunology and Tumor Biology, Instituto Nacional do Câncer, INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe Ferraro-Moreira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Taynná C Goltara-Gomes
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tamires Cunha-Fernandes
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julia da Cunha Santos
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elisa B Prestes
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Immunity, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Warrison A Andrade
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dario S Zamboni
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo T Bozza
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Immunity, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia T Bozza
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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7
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Stimulation of Toll-Like Receptor 3 Diminishes Intracellular Growth of Salmonella Typhimurium by Enhancing Autophagy in Murine Macrophages. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11090602. [PMID: 34564417 PMCID: PMC8466172 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a facultative Gram-negative bacterium that causes acute gastroenteritis and food poisoning. S. Typhimurium can survive within macrophages that are able to initiate the innate immune response after recognizing bacteria via various pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs). In this study, we investigated the effects and molecular mechanisms by which agonists of endosomal TLRs—especially TLR3—contribute to controlling S. Typhimurium infection in murine macrophages. Treatment with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C))—an agonist of TLR3—significantly suppressed intracellular bacterial growth by promoting intracellular ROS production in S. Typhimurium-infected cells. Pretreatment with diphenyleneiodonium (DPI)—an NADPH oxidase inhibitor—reduced phosphorylated MEK1/2 levels and restored intracellular bacterial growth in poly(I:C)-treated cells during S. Typhimurium infection. Nitric oxide (NO) production increased through the NF-κB-mediated signaling pathway in poly(I:C)-treated cells during S. Typhimurium infection. Intracellular microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) levels were increased in poly(I:C)-treated cells; however, they were decreased in cells pretreated with 3-methyladenine (3-MA)—a commonly used inhibitor of autophagy. These results suggest that poly(I:C) induces autophagy and enhances ROS production via MEK1/2-mediated signaling to suppress intracellular bacterial growth in S. Typhimurium-infected murine macrophages, and that a TLR3 agonist could be developed as an immune enhancer to protect against S. Typhimurium infection.
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Fratzke AP, Jan S, Felgner J, Liang L, Nakajima R, Jasinskas A, Manna S, Nihesh FN, Maiti S, Albin TJ, Esser-Kahn AP, Davies DH, Samuel JE, Felgner PL, Gregory AE. Subunit Vaccines Using TLR Triagonist Combination Adjuvants Provide Protection Against Coxiella burnetii While Minimizing Reactogenic Responses. Front Immunol 2021; 12:653092. [PMID: 33815413 PMCID: PMC8010241 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.653092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Q fever is caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium, Coxiella burnetii, a designated potential agent of bioterrorism because of its route of transmission, resistance to disinfectants, and low infectious dose. The only vaccine licensed for human use is Q-VAX® (Seqirus, licensed in Australia), a formalin-inactivated whole-cell vaccine, which produces severe local and systemic reactogenic responses in previously sensitized individuals. Accordingly, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and other regulatory bodies around the world, have been reluctant to approve Q-VAX for widespread use. To obviate these adverse reactions, we prepared recombinant protein subunit vaccine candidates containing purified CBU1910, CBU0307, CBU0545, CBU0612, CBU0891, and CBU1398 proteins and TLR triagonist adjuvants. TLR triagonist adjuvants combine different TLR agonists to enhance immune responses to vaccine antigens. We tested both the protective efficacy and reactogenicity of our vaccine candidates in Hartley guinea pigs using intratracheal infection with live C. burnetii. While all of our candidates showed varying degrees of protection during challenge, local reactogenic responses were significantly reduced for one of our vaccine candidates when compared with a formalin-inactivated whole-cell vaccine. Our findings show that subunit vaccines combined with novel TLR triagonist adjuvants can generate protective immunity to C. burnetii infection while reducing reactogenic responses.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Antigens, Bacterial/genetics
- Antigens, Bacterial/pharmacology
- Antigens, Bacterial/therapeutic use
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/immunology
- Bacterial Vaccines/genetics
- Bacterial Vaccines/pharmacology
- Bacterial Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Coxiella burnetii/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Guinea Pigs
- Humans
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Q Fever/immunology
- Q Fever/microbiology
- Q Fever/prevention & control
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
- Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use
- Toll-Like Receptors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Vaccines, Subunit/genetics
- Vaccines, Subunit/pharmacology
- Vaccines, Subunit/therapeutic use
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/pharmacology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Alycia P. Fratzke
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Sharon Jan
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jiin Felgner
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Li Liang
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Rie Nakajima
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Algis Jasinskas
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Saikat Manna
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Fnu N. Nihesh
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sampa Maiti
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Tyler J. Albin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Aaron P. Esser-Kahn
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - D. Huw Davies
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - James E. Samuel
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Philip L. Felgner
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Anthony E. Gregory
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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Huang K, Fresno AH, Skov S, Olsen JE. Dynamics and Outcome of Macrophage Interaction Between Salmonella Gallinarum, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Salmonella Dublin and Macrophages From Chicken and Cattle. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 9:420. [PMID: 31998655 PMCID: PMC6966237 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Gallinarum only infects avian species, where it causes a severe systemic infection in birds of all ages. It is generally accepted that interaction with phagocytic cells plays an important role in the development of systemic, host-specific Salmonella infections. The current study detailed the interaction of S. Gallinarum with macrophages derived from chicken (HD11) and cattle (Bomac) compared to interaction of the broad host range serovar, Salmonella Typhimurium and the cattle adapted serovar Salmonella Dublin. Results showed a weaker invading ability of S. Gallinarum in both kinds of macrophages, regardless whether the bacteria were opsonized or not before infections. However, opsonization of S. Gallinarum by chicken serum increased its intracellular survival rate in chicken macrophages. No significant induction of nitrogen oxide was observed in the infected HD11 cells within the first 6 h, and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were similar among the three serovars. S. Gallinarum infection was associated with low cell deaths in both chicken and cattle macrophages, whereas S. Dublin only induced a comparable high level of cell death in chicken macrophages, but not in macrophages of its preferred host species (Bomac) compared to host generalist S. Typhimurium. S. Gallinarum-infected HD11 macrophages exhibited low induction of pro-inflammation genes [interleukin (IL)1β, CXCLi1, and CXCLi2] compared to the two other serovars, and contrary to the other serovars, it did not induce significant downregulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR)2, TLR4, and TLR5. In in vivo infection of 1-week-old chicken, a significant upregulation of the TLR4 and TLR5 genes in the spleen was observed in S. Gallinarum-infected chickens, but not in S. Typhimurium-infected chicken at 5 days post-infections. Taken together, results show that S. Gallinarum infection of macrophages was characterized by low uptake and low cytotoxicity, possibly allowing long-term persistence in the intracellular environment, and it caused a low induction of pro-inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisong Huang
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana Herrero Fresno
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Skov
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John Elmerdahl Olsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Splichal I, Donovan SM, Jenistova V, Splichalova I, Salmonova H, Vlkova E, Neuzil Bunesova V, Sinkora M, Killer J, Skrivanova E, Splichalova A. High Mobility Group Box 1 and TLR4 Signaling Pathway in Gnotobiotic Piglets Colonized/Infected with L. amylovorus, L. mucosae, E. coli Nissle 1917 and S. Typhimurium. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6294. [PMID: 31847111 PMCID: PMC6940798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a DNA-binding nuclear protein that can be actively secreted by immune cells after different immune stimuli or passively released from cells undergoing necrosis. HMGB1 amplifies inflammation, and its hypersecretion contributes to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and death. We tested possible immunomodulatory effect of commensal Lactobacillus amylovorus (LA), Lactobacillus mucosae (LM) or probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) in infection of gnotobiotic piglets with Salmonella Typhimurium (ST). Transcription of HMGB1 and Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2, 4, and 9 and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), TLR4-related molecules (MD-2, CD14, and LBP), and adaptor proteins (MyD88 and TRIF) in the ileum and colon were measured by RT-qPCR. Expression of TLR4 and its related molecules were highly upregulated in the ST-infected intestine, which was suppressed by EcN, but not LA nor LM. In contrast, HMGB1 expression was unaffected by ST infection or commensal/probiotic administration. HMGB1 protein levels in the intestine measured by ELISA were increased in ST-infected piglets, but they were decreased by previous colonization with E. coli Nissle 1917 only. We conclude that the stability of HMGB1 mRNA expression in all piglet groups could show its importance for DNA transcription and physiological cell functions. The presence of HMGB1 protein in the intestinal lumen probably indicates cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Splichal
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic; (I.S.); (V.J.); (M.S.)
| | - Sharon M. Donovan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Vera Jenistova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic; (I.S.); (V.J.); (M.S.)
| | - Iva Splichalova
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Hana Salmonova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.S.); (E.V.); (V.N.B.); (J.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Eva Vlkova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.S.); (E.V.); (V.N.B.); (J.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Vera Neuzil Bunesova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.S.); (E.V.); (V.N.B.); (J.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Marek Sinkora
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic; (I.S.); (V.J.); (M.S.)
| | - Jiri Killer
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.S.); (E.V.); (V.N.B.); (J.K.); (E.S.)
- Laboratory of Anaerobic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Skrivanova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.S.); (E.V.); (V.N.B.); (J.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Alla Splichalova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic; (I.S.); (V.J.); (M.S.)
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11
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Chen Y, Huang Z, Chen X, Ye H. Activation of the Toll‑like receptor 2 signaling pathway inhibits the proliferation of HCC cells in vitro. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:2267-2278. [PMID: 31578587 PMCID: PMC6826303 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll‑like receptor 2 (TLR2), is an important pattern recognition receptor which serves a role in chronic inflammation of the liver. However, the role of TLR2 in the progression of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of the activation of the TLR2 signaling pathway on biological functions, such as proliferation and apoptosis. TLR2 expression in HCC tissues was assayed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry and western blotting. B76/Huh7 cells were transfected with overexpression plasmids, and cell proliferation was detected using a Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay and the secreted cytokines in the supernatant of transfected cells were measured by ELISA. The findings revealed that TLR2 expression was increased in the peritumoral groups compared with inner‑tumoral groups. Activation of the TLR2 signaling pathway through overexpression of pathway molecules inhibited the growth of B76/Huh7 cells and the secretion of interleukin‑6 and tumor necrosis factor‑α were reduced. Inhibition of the TLR2 signaling pathway resulted in a significant increase in the downstream signaling cascade, thus potentially increasing hepatocarcinogenesis and tumor progression. Activation of the TLR2 signaling pathway may be a potential target for therapeutic intervention in patients with HCC and downstream secreted cytokines are required for the functional biological effect. Therefore, modulation of the TLR2 signaling pathway may provide important insight into designing effective therapeutic regimens for treating patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Zuxiong Huang
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Xuzheng Chen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P.R. China
| | - Hanhui Ye
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
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12
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Citrobacter rodentium-host-microbiota interactions: immunity, bioenergetics and metabolism. Nat Rev Microbiol 2019; 17:701-715. [PMID: 31541196 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-019-0252-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Citrobacter rodentium is an extracellular enteric mouse-specific pathogen used to model infections with human pathogenic Escherichia coli and inflammatory bowel disease. C. rodentium injects type III secretion system effectors into intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to target inflammatory, metabolic and cell survival pathways and establish infection. While the host responds to infection by activating innate and adaptive immune signalling, required for clearance, the IECs respond by rapidly shifting bioenergetics to aerobic glycolysis, which leads to oxygenation of the epithelium, an instant expansion of mucosal-associated commensal Enterobacteriaceae and a decline of obligate anaerobes. Moreover, infected IECs reprogramme intracellular metabolic pathways, characterized by simultaneous activation of cholesterol biogenesis, import and efflux, leading to increased serum and faecal cholesterol levels. In this Review we summarize recent advances highlighting the intimate relationship between C. rodentium pathogenesis, metabolism and the gut microbiota.
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13
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Rehman T, Yin L, Latif MB, Chen J, Wang K, Geng Y, Huang X, Abaidullah M, Guo H, Ouyang P. Adhesive mechanism of different Salmonella fimbrial adhesins. Microb Pathog 2019; 137:103748. [PMID: 31521802 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Salmonellosis is a serious threat to human and animal health. Salmonella adhesion to the host cell is an initial and most crucial step in the pathogenesis of salmonellosis. Many factors are involved in the adhesion process of Salmonella infection. Fimbriae are one of the most important factors in the adhesion of Salmonella. The Salmonella fimbriae are assembled in three types of assembly pathways: chaperon-usher, nucleation-precipitation, and type IV fimbriae. These assembly pathways lead to multiple types of fimbriae. Salmonella fimbriae bind to host cell receptors to initiate adhesion. So far, many receptors have been identified, such as Toll-like receptors. However, several receptors that may be involved in the adhesive mechanism of Salmonella fimbriae are still un-identified. This review aimed to summarize the types of Salmonella fimbriae produced by different assembly pathways and their role in adhesion. It also enlisted previously discovered receptors involved in adhesion. This review might help readers to develop a comprehensive understanding of Salmonella fimbriae, their role in adhesion, and recently developed strategies to counter Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyab Rehman
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lizi Yin
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Muhammad Bilal Latif
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, 44195, Ohio, USA.
| | - Jiehao Chen
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Kaiyu Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yi Geng
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Muhammad Abaidullah
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hongrui Guo
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ping Ouyang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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14
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Wang G, Zhao H, Zheng B, Li D, Yuan Y, Han Q, Tian Z, Zhang J. TLR2 Promotes Monocyte/Macrophage Recruitment Into the Liver and Microabscess Formation to Limit the Spread of Listeria Monocytogenes. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1388. [PMID: 31297109 PMCID: PMC6607897 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
TLR2 signaling plays a critical protective role against acute Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) infection by up-regulating inflammatory cytokines and promoting macrophage antimicrobial capabilities. However, the underlying mechanism by which TLR2 regulates hepatic macrophage-mediated anti-Lm immune responses remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that both the absolute number and proportion of monocyte/macrophage (Mo/MΦ) in the liver and spleen of Tlr2 -/- mice were significantly lower compared to wild type mice. Changes in TLR2 signaling in both hepatocytes and Mo/MΦs were associated with the infiltration of Mo/MΦs in response to Lm-infection. Analyses by proteome profiler array and ELISA revealed that hepatocytes recruited Mo/MΦs via TLR2-dependent secretion of CCL2 and CXCL1, which was confirmed by receptor blocking and exogenous chemokine administration. Importantly, we found that TLR2 contributed to macrophage mobility in the liver through a TLR2/NO/F-actin pathway, facilitating the formation of macrophage-associated hepatic microabscesses. Moreover, TLR2 activation induced the expression of several PRRs on hepatic macrophages associated with the recognition of Lm and augmented macrophage bacterial clearance activity. Our findings provide insight into the intrinsic mechanisms of TLR2-induced Mo/MΦ migration and mobility, as well as the interaction between macrophages and hepatocytes in resistance to Lm infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huajun Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bingqing Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dongxuan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiuju Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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15
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Yang H, Yu HB, Bhinder G, Ryz NR, Lee J, Yang H, Fotovati A, Gibson DL, Turvey SE, Reid GS, Vallance BA. TLR9 limits enteric antimicrobial responses and promotes microbiota-based colonisation resistance during Citrobacter rodentium infection. Cell Microbiol 2019; 21:e13026. [PMID: 30893495 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cells express an array of toll-like receptors to detect and respond to microbial pathogens, including enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EPEC and EHEC). These clinically important attaching and effacing (A/E) pathogens infect the apical surface of intestinal epithelial cells, causing inflammation as well as severe diarrheal disease. Because EPEC and EHEC are human-specific, the related murine pathogen Citrobacter rodentium has been widely used to define how hosts defend against A/E pathogens. This study explored the role of TLR9, a receptor that recognises unmethylated CpG dinucleotides present in bacterial DNA, in promoting host defence against C. rodentium. Infected Tlr9-/- mice suffered exaggerated intestinal damage and carried significantly higher (10-100 fold) pathogen burdens in their intestinal tissues as compared with wild type (WT) mice. C. rodentium infection also induced increased antimicrobial responses, as well as hyperactivation of NF-κB signalling in the intestines of Tlr9-/- mice. These changes were associated with accelerated depletion of the intestinal microbiota in Tlr9-/- mice as compared with WT mice. Notably, antibiotic-based depletion of the gut microbiota in WT mice prior to infection increased their susceptibility to the levels seen in Tlr9-/- mice. Our results therefore indicate that TLR9 signalling suppresses intestinal antimicrobial responses, thereby promoting microbiota-mediated colonisation resistance against C. rodentium infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungjun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hong B Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ganive Bhinder
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Natasha R Ryz
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julia Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Abbas Fotovati
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Deanna L Gibson
- Department of Biology, The Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gregor S Reid
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bruce A Vallance
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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16
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Ropert C. How toll-like receptors reveal monocyte plasticity: the cutting edge of antiinflammatory therapy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:745-755. [PMID: 30413835 PMCID: PMC11105477 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2959-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLR)s are central in immune response by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP)s. If they are essential to eliminate pathogens in earlier stages of infection, they also might play a role in homeostasis and tissue repair. TLR versatility parallels the plasticity of monocytes, which represent an heterogeneous population of immune cells. They are rapidly recruited to sites of infection and involved in clearance of pathogens and in tissue healing. This review underlines how TLRs have proved to be an interesting tool to study the properties of monocytes and why different therapeutic strategies exploring monocyte plasticity may be relevant in the context of chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Ropert
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-910, Brazil.
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17
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Anwar MA, Shah M, Kim J, Choi S. Recent clinical trends in Toll-like receptor targeting therapeutics. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:1053-1090. [PMID: 30450666 PMCID: PMC6587958 DOI: 10.1002/med.21553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are germline‐encoded receptors that are central to innate and adaptive immune responses. Owing to their vital role in inflammation, TLRs are rational targets in clinics; thus, many ligands and biologics have been reported to overcome the progression of various inflammatory and malignant conditions and support the immune system. For each TLR, at least one, and often many, drug formulations are being evaluated. Ligands reported as stand‐alone drugs may also be reported based on their use in combinatorial therapeutics as adjuvants. Despite their profound efficacy in TLR‐modulation in preclinical studies, multiple drugs have been terminated at different stages of clinical trials. Here, TLR modulating drugs that have been evaluated in clinical trials are discussed, along with their mode of action, suggestive failure reasons, and ways to improve the clinical outcomes. This review presents recent advances in TLR‐targeting drugs and provides directions for more successful immune system manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ayaz Anwar
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Masaud Shah
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | | | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
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18
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Wang G, Lin A, Han Q, Zhao H, Tian Z, Zhang J. IFN-γ protects from apoptotic neutrophil-mediated tissue injury during acute Listeria monocytogenes infection. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:1470-1480. [PMID: 29935120 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is a foodborne Gram-positive intracellular pathogen that can cause listeriosis in humans and animals. Although phagocytes are known to be involved in the response to this infection, the role of neutrophils is not entirely clear. Here, we have demonstrated that soon after LM infection, a large number of IFN-γ-producing neutrophils quickly accumulated in the spleen, blood, and peritoneal cavity. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that neutrophils were an important source of IFN-γ. IFN-γ played a critical protective role against acute LM infection, as demonstrated by the poor survival of Ifng-/- mice. Moreover, IFN-γ promoted bacterial clearance by the neutrophils, thereby inhibiting LM-induced neutrophil apoptosis and spleen damage. In addition to this, IFN-γ could effectively drive macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils, which was accompanied with TGF-β secretion and was involved in protection against tissue injury. Importantly, by phagocytizing apoptotic neutrophils, macrophages obtained myeloperoxidase, an important bactericidal molecule only produced by neutrophils, which further promoted the antibacterial activity of macrophages. These findings demonstrate that neutrophils are an important source of IFN-γ at the early stage of LM infection, which is characterized by both LM elimination and tissue-protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Wang
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ang Lin
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiuju Han
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huajun Zhao
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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19
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Intestinal Lamina Propria CD4 + T Cells Promote Bactericidal Activity of Macrophages via Galectin-9 and Tim-3 Interaction during Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00769-17. [PMID: 29844236 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00769-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal immune system is crucial for protection from pathogenic infection and maintenance of mucosal homeostasis. We studied the intestinal immune microenvironment in a Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium intestinal infection mouse model. Intestinal lamina propria macrophages are the main effector cells in innate resistance to intracellular microbial pathogens. We found that S Typhimurium infection augmented Tim-3 expression on intestinal lamina propria CD4+ T cells and enhanced galectin-9 expression on F4/80+ CD11b+ macrophages. Moreover, CD4+ T cells promoted the activation and bactericidal activity of intestinal F4/80+ CD11b+ macrophages via the Tim-3/galectin-9 interaction during S Typhimurium infection. Blocking the Tim-3/galectin-9 interaction with α-lactose significantly attenuated the bactericidal activity of intracellular S Typhimurium by macrophages. Furthermore, the Tim-3/galectin-9 interaction promoted the formation and activation of inflammasomes, which led to caspase-1 cleavage and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) secretion. The secretion of active IL-1β further improved bactericidal activity of macrophages and galectin-9 expression on macrophages. These results demonstrated the critical role of the cross talk between CD4+ T cells and macrophages, particularly the Tim-3/galectin-9 interaction, in antimicrobial immunity and the control of intestinal pathogenic infections.
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20
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Antonangeli F, Soriani A, Cerboni C, Sciumè G, Santoni A. How Mucosal Epithelia Deal with Stress: Role of NKG2D/NKG2D Ligands during Inflammation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1583. [PMID: 29209320 PMCID: PMC5701928 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal epithelia encounter both physicochemical and biological stress during their life and have evolved several mechanisms to deal with them, including regulation of immune cell functions. Stressed and damaged cells need to be cleared to control local inflammation and trigger tissue healing. Engagement of the activating NKG2D receptor is one of the most direct mechanisms involved in the recognition of stressed cells by the immune system. Indeed, injured cells promptly express NKG2D ligands that in turn mediate the activation of lymphocytes of both innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. This review focuses on different conditions that are able to modulate NKG2D ligand expression on the epithelia. Special attention is given to the mechanisms of immunosurveillance mediated by natural killer cells, which are finely tuned by NKG2D. Different types of stress, including viral and bacterial infections, chronic inflammation, and cigarette smoke exposure, are discussed as paradigmatic conditions for NKG2D ligand modulation, and the implications for tissue homeostasis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Antonangeli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Soriani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Cerboni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sciumè
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy.,Neuromed I.R.C.C.S. - Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, Pozzilli, Italy
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21
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Regulation of sterile α- and armadillo motif (SARM) containing protein expression in Pam2CSK4- and Pam3CSK4-activated mouse macrophage cell line (RAW264.7) requires TLR9. Inflamm Res 2017; 66:1099-1105. [PMID: 28889202 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to investigate the involvement of surface TLRs and endosomal TLRs in the regulation of SARM expression by TLR2 ligands (Pam2CSK4 and Pam3CSK4). MATERIALS AND METHODS Mouse macrophage cell line (RAW264.7) was treated with either Pam2CSK4 or Pam3CSK4 (TLR2 ligands) at a concentration of 100 ng/ml. At indicated time points, the treated cells were lysed. The gene and protein expression of SARM were determined by RT-PCR and immunoblotting, respectively. For silencing of TLR9 function, the cells were transfected with TLR9 siRNAs before stimulation by these two TLR2 ligands RESULTS: The SARM expression was upregulated at both transcriptional and translational levels in time-dependent manner during activation of Pam2CSK4 and Pam3CSK4 in mouse macrophages. Blocking of ligand internalization by cytochalasin D showed interference effect with SARM expression. Moreover, our results also demonstrated that endosomal acidification and TLR9 were required for SARM expression suggesting the essential role of endosomal compartment acidification and TLR9 in regulating SARM expression. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested the collaboration of TLR2-TLR9 at least in the regulation of SARM expression. However, the underlying mechanism that participated in these two TLRs cooperation is underinvestigated.
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22
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Dong G, Song L, Tian C, Wang Y, Miao F, Zheng J, Lu C, Alsadun S, Graves DT. FOXO1 Regulates Bacteria-Induced Neutrophil Activity. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1088. [PMID: 28928749 PMCID: PMC5591501 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils play an essential role in the innate immune response to microbial infection and are particularly important in clearing bacterial infection. We investigated the role of the transcription factor FOXO1 in the response of neutrophils to bacterial challenge with Porphyromonas gingivalis in vivo and in vitro. In these experiments, the effect of lineage-specific FOXO1 deletion in LyzM.Cre+FOXO1L/L mice was compared with matched littermate controls. FOXO1 deletion negatively affected several critical aspects of neutrophil function in vivo including mobilization of neutrophils from the bone marrow (BM) to the vasculature, recruitment of neutrophils to sites of bacterial inoculation, and clearance of bacteria. In vitro FOXO1 regulated neutrophil chemotaxis and bacterial killing. Moreover, bacteria-induced expression of CXCR2 and CD11b, which are essential for several aspects of neutrophil function, was dependent on FOXO1 in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, FOXO1 directly interacted with the promoter regions of CXCR2 and CD11b. Bacteria-induced nuclear localization of FOXO1 was dependent upon toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and/or TLR4 and was significantly reduced by inhibitors of reactive oxygen species (ROS and nitric oxide synthase) and deacetylases (Sirt1 and histone deacetylases). These studies show for the first time that FOXO1 activation by bacterial challenge is needed to mobilize neutrophils to transit from the BM to peripheral tissues in response to infection as well as for bacterial clearance in vivo. Moreover, FOXO1 regulates neutrophil function that facilitates chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and bacterial killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Dong
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Liang Song
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Stomatology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Tian
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Implantology, Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Miao
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Shanxi Province People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiabao Zheng
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chanyi Lu
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sarah Alsadun
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dana T Graves
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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23
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Li Y, Liu M, Zuo Z, Liu J, Yu X, Guan Y, Zhan R, Han Q, Zhang J, Zhou R, Sun R, Tian Z, Zhang C. TLR9 Regulates the NF-κB-NLRP3-IL-1β Pathway Negatively in Salmonella-Induced NKG2D-Mediated Intestinal Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:761-773. [PMID: 28576980 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
TLRs are key sensors for conserved bacterial molecules and play a critical role in host defense against invading pathogens. Although the roles of TLRs in defense against pathogen infection and in maintaining gut immune homeostasis have been studied, the precise functions of different TLRs in response to pathogen infection in the gut remain elusive. The present study investigated the role of TLR signaling in defense against the Gram-negative bacterial pathogen Salmonella typhimurium The results indicated that TLR9-deficient mice were more susceptible to S. typhimurium infection compared with wild-type and TLR2- or TLR4-deficient mice, as indicated by more severe intestinal damage and the highest bacterial load. TLR9 deficiency in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) augmented the activation of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasomes significantly, resulting in increased secretion of IL-1β. IL-1β increased the expression of NKG2D on intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes and NKG2D ligands on IECs, resulting in higher susceptibility of IECs to cytotoxicity of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes and damage to the epithelial barrier. We proposed that TLR9 regulates the NF-κB-NLRP3-IL-1β pathway negatively in Salmonella-induced NKG2D-mediated intestinal inflammation and plays a critical role in defense against S. typhimurium infection and in the protection of intestinal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Institute of Immunopharmacology and Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; and
| | - Meifang Liu
- Institute of Immunopharmacology and Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; and
| | - Zengyan Zuo
- Institute of Immunopharmacology and Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; and
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute of Immunopharmacology and Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; and
| | - Xin Yu
- Institute of Immunopharmacology and Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; and
| | - Yun Guan
- Institute of Immunopharmacology and Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; and
| | - Renhui Zhan
- Institute of Immunopharmacology and Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; and
| | - Qiuju Han
- Institute of Immunopharmacology and Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; and
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Immunopharmacology and Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; and
| | - Rongbin Zhou
- Institute of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Institute of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- Institute of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Institute of Immunopharmacology and Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; and
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24
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Snyder DT, Hedges JF, Jutila MA. Getting "Inside" Type I IFNs: Type I IFNs in Intracellular Bacterial Infections. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:9361802. [PMID: 28529959 PMCID: PMC5424489 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9361802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons represent a unique and complex group of cytokines, serving many purposes during innate and adaptive immunity. Discovered in the context of viral infections, type I IFNs are now known to have myriad effects in infectious and autoimmune disease settings. Type I IFN signaling during bacterial infections is dependent on many factors including whether the infecting bacterium is intracellular or extracellular, as different signaling pathways are activated. As such, the repercussions of type I IFN induction can positively or negatively impact the disease outcome. This review focuses on type I IFN induction and downstream consequences during infection with the following intracellular bacteria: Chlamydia trachomatis, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Francisella tularensis, Brucella abortus, Legionella pneumophila, and Coxiella burnetii. Intracellular bacterial infections are unique because the bacteria must avoid, circumvent, and even co-opt microbial "sensing" mechanisms in order to reside and replicate within a host cell. Furthermore, life inside a host cell makes intracellular bacteria more difficult to target with antibiotics. Because type I IFNs are important immune effectors, modulating this pathway may improve disease outcomes. But first, it is critical to understand the context-dependent effects of the type I IFN pathway in intracellular bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deann T. Snyder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Jodi F. Hedges
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Mark A. Jutila
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
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25
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Batista J, Ralph MT, Vaz RV, Souza P, Silva AB, Nascimento D, Souza LT, Ramos MV, Mastroeni P, Lima-Filho JV. Plant lectins ConBr and CFL modulate expression toll-like receptors, pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduce the bacterial burden in macrophages infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 25:52-60. [PMID: 28190471 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant lectins have long been used in biomedical research as immunomodulators against tumor cells and microbial infections. PURPOSE To test the ability of plant lectins ConBr (Canavalia brasiliensis) and CFL (Cratylia argentea) to activate antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities of murine peritoneal macrophages (pMØ) infected with a virulent strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STm). METHODS We incubated pMØ with non-toxic amounts of ConBr and CFL either before (preventive schedule) or after (curative schedule) exposure to STm. RESULTS In uninfected pMØ, ConBr and CFL greatly increased levels of mRNA transcripts for IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 and the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOs), but not IL-10 and IL-12. Exposure to naïve splenocytes of culture supernatants of pMØ previously stimulated with CFL resulted in expression of IL-12 and IFN-γ. Both preventive and curative treatment schedules significantly reduced the intracellular load of Salmonella. Experiments in infected macrophages exposed to lectins in the preventive schedule showed that mRNA transcripts for IL-6 and TNF-α were increased by CFL, whereas ConBr enhanced IL-12 (subunit p40). In the curative schedule, CFL induced significant expression of IL-12 (p40) whereas ConBr enhanced expression IL-1β and TNF-α genes. The lectin treatments did not influence on iNOs expression in pMØ infected with STm C5 regardless of the treatment schedule. Curative treatments with CFL increased approximately 130-fold expression of TLR-4 whist expression of TLR-9 was increased by treatments with ConBr. CONCLUSION We conclude that lectins ConBr and CFL have immunomodulatory properties that are beneficial on control of cells infected by Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jec Batista
- Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, CEP 52171-900 Brazil
| | - M T Ralph
- Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, CEP 52171-900 Brazil
| | - R V Vaz
- Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, CEP 52171-900 Brazil
| | - Pfc Souza
- Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, CEP 52171-900 Brazil
| | - A B Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Dco Nascimento
- Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, CEP 52171-900 Brazil
| | - L T Souza
- Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, CEP 52171-900 Brazil
| | - M V Ramos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - P Mastroeni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES United Kingdom.
| | - J V Lima-Filho
- Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, CEP 52171-900 Brazil.
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26
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Wagnerova A, Babickova J, Liptak R, Celec P, Gardlik R. Beneficial effects of live and dead Salmonella
-based vector strain on the course of colitis in mice. Lett Appl Microbiol 2016; 63:340-346. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Wagnerova
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine; Faculty of Medicine; Comenius University; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - J. Babickova
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine; Faculty of Medicine; Comenius University; Bratislava Slovakia
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research BMC; Biomedical Research Center; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - R. Liptak
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine; Faculty of Medicine; Comenius University; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - P. Celec
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine; Faculty of Medicine; Comenius University; Bratislava Slovakia
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research BMC; Biomedical Research Center; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava Slovakia
- Institute of Pathophysiology; Faculty of Medicine; Comenius University; Bratislava Slovakia
- Department of Molecular Biology; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Comenius University; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - R. Gardlik
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine; Faculty of Medicine; Comenius University; Bratislava Slovakia
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research BMC; Biomedical Research Center; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava Slovakia
- Institute of Pathophysiology; Faculty of Medicine; Comenius University; Bratislava Slovakia
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27
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Pierzchalska M, Grabacka M. The potential role of some phytochemicals in recognition of mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns. Mitochondrion 2016; 30:24-34. [PMID: 27288721 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the source of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAMPs modulate responses to stress and trauma in animals, influencing the onset of many diseases. Dietary phytochemicals, which target various cellular molecules, are potential modulators of immunological status. In this review the existence of the possible impact of some plant-derived compounds with proven anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties (isothiocyanates and curcumin) on DAMPs recognition is highlighted. Special consideration is given to the mtDNA recognizing Toll-like receptor 9 and formyl peptide receptors. In the context of the phytochemicals action, the role of these receptors in epithelial homeostasis is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Pierzchalska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology, The University of Agriculture in Kraków, Poland.
| | - Maja Grabacka
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology, The University of Agriculture in Kraków, Poland
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