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Holmes CM, Babasyan S, Wagner B. Neonatal and maternal upregulation of antileukoproteinase in horses. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1395030. [PMID: 38736885 PMCID: PMC11082313 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The end of gestation, ensuing parturition, and the neonatal period represent highly dynamic phases for immunological changes in both mother and offspring. The regulation of innate immune cells at the maternal-fetal interface during late term pregnancy, after birth, and during microbial colonization of the neonatal gut and other mucosal surfaces, is crucial for controlling inflammation and maintaining homeostasis. Innate immune cells and mucosal epithelial cells express antileukoproteinase (SLPI), which has anti-inflammatory and anti-protease activity that can regulate cellular activation. Methods Here, we developed and validated new monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to characterize SLPI for the first time in horses. Peripheral blood and mucosal samples were collected from healthy adults horses and a cohort of mares and their foals directly following parturition to assess this crucial stage. Results First, we defined the cell types producing SLPI in peripheral blood by flow cytometry, highlighting the neutrophils and a subset of the CD14+ monocytes as SLPI secreting immune cells. A fluorescent bead-based assay was developed with the new SLPI mAbs and used to establish baseline concentrations for secreted SLPI in serum and secretion samples from mucosal surfaces, including saliva, nasal secretion, colostrum, and milk. This demonstrated constitutive secretion of SLPI in a variety of equine tissues, including high colostrum concentrations. Using immunofluorescence, we identified production of SLPI in mucosal tissue. Finally, longitudinal sampling of clinically healthy mares and foals allowed monitoring of serum SLPI concentrations. In neonates and postpartum mares, SLPI peaked on the day of parturition, with mares returning to the adult normal within a week and foals maintaining significantly higher SLPI secretion until three months of age. Conclusion This demonstrated a physiological systemic change in SLPI in both mares and their foals, particularly at the time around birth, likely contributing to the regulation of innate immune responses during this critical period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bettina Wagner
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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2
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Hiroshima Y, Kido R, Kido JI, Bando M, Yoshida K, Murakami A, Shinohara Y. Synthesis of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor using cell-free protein synthesis system. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-024-00910-8. [PMID: 38502469 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00910-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) functions as a protease inhibitor that modulates excessive proteolysis in the body, exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, regulates inflammatory responses, and plays an important role in the innate immunity. The purpose of the study was to artificially synthesize a SLPI, an antimicrobial peptide, and investigate its effect on antimicrobial activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production. SLPI protein with a molecular weight of approximately 13 kDa was artificially synthesized using a cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) system and investigated by western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Disulfide bond isomerase in the protein synthesis mixture increased the amount of SLPI synthesized. The synthesized SLPI (sSLPI) protein was purified and its antimicrobial activity was investigated based on the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis and bacterial adhesion to oral epithelial cells. The effect of sSLPI on IL-6 production in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLFs) was examined by ELISA. Our results showed that sSLPI significantly inhibited the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis and bacterial adhesion to oral epithelial cells and further inhibited IL-6 production by HPLFs. These results suggested that SLPI artificially synthesized using the CFPS system may play a role in the prevention of periodontal diseases through its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Hiroshima
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan.
| | - Rie Kido
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kido
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mika Bando
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kaya Yoshida
- Department of Oral Healthcare Promotion, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akikazu Murakami
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Yasuo Shinohara
- Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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3
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Rosen AL, Lint MA, Voelker DH, Gilbert NM, Tomera CP, Santiago-Borges J, Wallace MA, Hannan TJ, Burnham CAD, Hultgren SJ, Kau AL. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor protects against severe urinary tract infection in mice. mBio 2024; 15:e0255423. [PMID: 38270443 PMCID: PMC10865866 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02554-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Millions suffer from urinary tract infections (UTIs) worldwide every year with women accounting for the majority of cases. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) causes most of these primary infections and leads to 25% becoming recurrent or chronic. To repel invading pathogens, the urinary tract mounts a vigorous innate immune response that includes the secretion of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), rapid recruitment of phagocytes, and exfoliation of superficial umbrella cells. Here, we investigate secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), an AMP with antiprotease, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory functions, known to play protective roles at other mucosal sites, but not well characterized in UTIs. Using a preclinical model of UPEC-caused UTI, we show that urine SLPI increases in infected mice and that SLPI is localized to bladder epithelial cells. UPEC-infected SLPI-deficient (Slpi-/-) mice suffer from higher urine bacterial burdens, prolonged bladder inflammation, and elevated urine neutrophil elastase (NE) levels compared to wild-type (Slpi+/+) controls. Combined with bulk bladder RNA sequencing, our data indicate that Slpi-/- mice have a dysregulated immune and tissue repair response following UTI. We also measure SLPI in urine samples from a small group of female subjects 18-49 years old and find that SLPI tends to be higher in the presence of a uropathogen, except in patients with a history of recent or recurrent UTI, suggesting a dysregulation of SLPI expression in these women. Taken together, our findings show SLPI promotes clearance of UPEC in mice and provides preliminary evidence that SLPI is likewise regulated in response to uropathogen exposure in women.IMPORTANCEAnnually, millions of people suffer from urinary tract infections (UTIs) and more than $3 billion are spent on work absences and treatment of these patients. While the early response to UTI is known to be important in combating urinary pathogens, knowledge of host factors that help curb infection is still limited. Here, we use a preclinical model of UTI to study secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), an antimicrobial protein, to determine how it protects the bladder against infection. We find that SLPI is increased during UTI, accelerates the clearance of bacteriuria, and upregulates genes and pathways needed to fight an infection while preventing prolonged bladder inflammation. In a small clinical study, we show SLPI is readily detectable in human urine and is associated with the presence of a uropathogen in patients without a previous history of UTI, suggesting SLPI may play an important role in protecting from bacterial cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L. Rosen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael A. Lint
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Dayne H. Voelker
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nicole M. Gilbert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Christopher P. Tomera
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jesús Santiago-Borges
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Meghan A. Wallace
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Thomas J. Hannan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Carey-Ann D. Burnham
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Scott J. Hultgren
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrew L. Kau
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Kowsar R, Sadeghi K, Hashemzadeh F, Miyamoto A. Ovarian sex steroid and epithelial control of immune responses in the uterus and oviduct: human and animal models†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:230-245. [PMID: 38038990 PMCID: PMC10873282 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The female reproductive tract (FRT), including the uterus and oviduct (Fallopian tube), is responsible for maintaining an optimal microenvironment for reproductive processes, such as gamete activation and transportation, sperm capacitation, fertilization, and early embryonic and fetal development. The mucosal surface of the FRT may be exposed to pathogens and sexually transmitted microorganisms due to the opening of the cervix during mating. Pathogens and endotoxins may also reach the oviduct through the peritoneal fluid. To maintain an optimum reproductive environment while recognizing and killing pathogenic bacterial and viral agents, the oviduct and uterus should be equipped with an efficient and rigorously controlled immune system. Ovarian sex steroids can affect epithelial cells and underlying stromal cells, which have been shown to mediate innate and adaptive immune responses. This, in turn, protects against potential infections while maintaining an optimal milieu for reproductive events, highlighting the homeostatic involvement of ovarian sex steroids and reproductive epithelial cells. This article will discuss how ovarian sex steroids affect the immune reactions elicited by the epithelial cells of the non-pregnant uterus and oviduct in the bovine, murine, and human species. Finally, we propose that there are regional and species-specific differences in the immune responses in FRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Kowsar
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Farzad Hashemzadeh
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Akio Miyamoto
- Global Agromedicine Research Center, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
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Houston CJ, Alkhatib A, Einarsson GG, Tunney MM, Taggart CC, Downey DG. Diminished airway host innate response in people with cystic fibrosis who experience frequent pulmonary exacerbations. Eur Respir J 2024; 63:2301228. [PMID: 38135443 PMCID: PMC10882324 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01228-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Pulmonary exacerbations are clinically impactful events that accelerate cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease progression. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying an increased frequency of pulmonary exacerbations have not been explored. OBJECTIVES To compare host immune response during intravenous antibiotic treatment of pulmonary exacerbations in people with CF who have a history of frequent versus infrequent exacerbations. METHODS Adults with CF were recruited at onset of antibiotic treatment of a pulmonary exacerbation and were categorised as infrequent or frequent exacerbators based on their pulmonary exacerbation frequency in the previous 12 months. Clinical parameters, sputum bacterial load and sputum inflammatory markers were measured on day 0, day 5 and at the end of treatment. Shotgun proteomic analysis was performed on sputum using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Many sputum proteins were differentially enriched between infrequent and frequent exacerbators (day 0 n=23 and day 5 n=31). The majority of these proteins had a higher abundance in infrequent exacerbators and were secreted innate host defence proteins with antimicrobial, antiprotease and immunomodulatory functions. Several differentially enriched proteins were validated using ELISA and Western blot including secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), lipocalin-1 and cystatin SA. Sputum from frequent exacerbators demonstrated potent ability to cleave exogenous recombinant SLPI in a neutrophil elastase dependent manner. Frequent exacerbators had increased sputum inflammatory markers (interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-8) and total bacterial load compared to infrequent exacerbators. CONCLUSIONS A diminished innate host protein defence may play a role in the pathophysiological mechanisms of frequent CF pulmonary exacerbations. Frequent exacerbators may benefit from therapies targeting this dysregulated host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire J Houston
- Airway Innate Immunity Research Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Aya Alkhatib
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | | | - Clifford C Taggart
- Airway Innate Immunity Research Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Joint senior authors
| | - Damian G Downey
- Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Joint senior authors
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6
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Mongkolpathumrat P, Pikwong F, Phutiyothin C, Srisopar O, Chouyratchakarn W, Unnajak S, Nernpermpisooth N, Kumphune S. The secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) in pathophysiology of non-communicable diseases: Evidence from experimental studies to clinical applications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24550. [PMID: 38312697 PMCID: PMC10835312 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a worldwide health issue because of their prevalence, negative impacts on human welfare, and economic costs. Protease enzymes play important roles in viral and NCD diseases. Slowing disease progression by inhibiting proteases using small-molecule inhibitors or endogenous inhibitory peptides appears to be crucial. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), an inflammatory serine protease inhibitor, maintains protease/antiprotease balance. SLPI is produced by host defense effector cells during inflammation to prevent proteolytic enzyme-induced tissue damage. The etiology of noncommunicable illnesses is linked to SLPI's immunomodulatory and tissue regeneration roles. Disease phases are associated with SLPI levels and activity changes in regional tissue and circulation. SLPI has been extensively evaluated in inflammation, but rarely in NCDs. Unfortunately, the thorough evaluation of SLPI's pathophysiological functions in NCDs in multiple research models has not been published elsewhere. In this review, data from PubMed from 2014 to 2023 was collected, analysed, and categorized into in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. According to the review, serine protease inhibitor (SLPI) activity control is linked to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and other illnesses. Overexpression of the SLPI gene and protein may be a viable diagnostic and therapeutic target for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). SLPI is also cytoprotective, making it a unique treatment. These findings suggest that future research should focus on these pathways using advanced methods, reliable biomarkers, and therapy approaches to assess susceptibility and illness progression. Implications from this review will help pave the way for a new therapeutic target and diagnosis marker for non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Podsawee Mongkolpathumrat
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Technology Program, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine (CICM), Thammasat University (Rangsit Center), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Faprathan Pikwong
- Biomedical Engineering and Innovation Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Mueang Chiang Mai District, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Biomedical Engineering Institute (BMEI), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Chayanisa Phutiyothin
- Biomedical Engineering and Innovation Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Mueang Chiang Mai District, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Biomedical Engineering Institute (BMEI), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Onnicha Srisopar
- Biomedical Engineering and Innovation Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Mueang Chiang Mai District, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Biomedical Engineering Institute (BMEI), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Wannapat Chouyratchakarn
- Biomedical Engineering and Innovation Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Mueang Chiang Mai District, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Biomedical Engineering Institute (BMEI), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Sasimanas Unnajak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
| | - Nitirut Nernpermpisooth
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000 Thailand
| | - Sarawut Kumphune
- Biomedical Engineering and Innovation Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Mueang Chiang Mai District, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Biomedical Engineering Institute (BMEI), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
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7
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Rosen AL, Lint MA, Voelker DH, Gilbert NM, Tomera CP, Santiago-Borges J, Wallace MA, Hannan TJ, Burnham CAD, Hultgren SJ, Kau AL. Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor Protects Against Severe Urinary Tract Infection in Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.10.561753. [PMID: 37873489 PMCID: PMC10592744 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.10.561753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Millions suffer from urinary tract infections (UTIs) worldwide every year with women accounting for the majority of cases. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) causes most of these primary infections and leads to 25% becoming recurrent or chronic. To repel invading pathogens, the urinary tract mounts a vigorous innate immune response that includes the secretion of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), rapid recruitment of phagocytes and exfoliation of superficial umbrella cells. Here, we investigate secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), an AMP with antiprotease, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory functions, known to play protective roles at other mucosal sites, but not well characterized in UTIs. Using a mouse model of UPEC-caused UTI, we show that urine SLPI increases in infected mice and that SLPI is localized to bladder epithelial cells. UPEC infected SLPI-deficient (Slpi-/-) mice suffer from higher urine bacterial burdens, prolonged bladder inflammation, and elevated urine neutrophil elastase (NE) levels compared to wild-type (Slpi+/+) controls. Combined with bulk bladder RNA sequencing, our data indicate that Slpi-/- mice have a dysregulated immune and tissue repair response following UTI. We also measure SLPI in urine samples from a small group of female subjects 18-49 years old and find that SLPI tends to be higher in the presence of a uropathogen, except in patients with history of recent or recurrent UTI (rUTI), suggesting a dysregulation of SLPI expression in these women. Taken together, our findings show SLPI protects against acute UTI in mice and provides preliminary evidence that SLPI is likewise regulated in response to uropathogen exposure in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L. Rosen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michael A. Lint
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Dayne H. Voelker
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Nicole M. Gilbert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Christopher P. Tomera
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jesús Santiago-Borges
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Meghan A. Wallace
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Thomas J. Hannan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Carey-Ann D. Burnham
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Scott J. Hultgren
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Andrew L. Kau
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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8
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Nazarizadeh P, Akbarzadeh AR, Pazouki M. Wastewater purification from Rhodamine B and Gemifeloxacine by graphene oxide/pectin/ferrite nanocomposite: A novel molecular dynamics simulation for experimental contaminants removing. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2023; 95:e10921. [PMID: 37669774 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the synthesized nanocomposite was evaluated novel graphene oxide/pectin/ferrite (GOPF) adsorbent to the adsorption of Rhodamine B (RhB) and Gemifloxacin (GEM) from wastewater. Theoretical studies were carried out using quantum simulation via the Forcite module in Material Studio 2017. The simulation results demonstrated RhB and GEM adsorption over other dyes and drugs. The synthesized nanocomposite was identified by BET, TGA, FT-IR, FE-SEM, XRD, VSM, and EDS. The nanocomposite's ability to effectively take RhB and GEM from an aqueous solution was checked by performing a series of experiments based on the effect of adsorbent dose, initial condensation, contact time, pH, and temperature. The nanocomposite kinetics follow a PSO. The Freundlich isotherm model was applied for maximum adsorption capacity of GEM (124.37 mg/g) and RhB (86.60 mg/g) on GOPF nanocomposite. According to the antibacterial activity test, the synthesized nanocomposite can kill bacteria 5 mm in diameter. Also, the anti-cancer test of nanocomposite was done with 75% viability in high concentrations of nanocomposite. Thus, GOPF application results are not only suitable for dyes but only satisfying for drugs. PRACTITIONER POINTS: GOPF nanocomposite was fabricated for adsorption dye and drug and characterized. The effect of different process parameters, pH, catalyst dosage, contact time, and temperature effect was surveyed. The MD simulation were investigated to adsorb various dyes and drugs. The equilibrium isotherm and adsorption kinetic follow from Freundlich and pseudo-second-order kinetics; GOPF nanocomposite was used for about six cycles. The antibacterial activity and anticancer test of GOPF nanocomposite were investigated by satisfying results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Nazarizadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Akbarzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Myszor IT, Gudmundsson GH. Modulation of innate immunity in airway epithelium for host-directed therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1197908. [PMID: 37251385 PMCID: PMC10213533 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1197908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity of the mucosal surfaces provides the first-line defense from invading pathogens and pollutants conferring protection from the external environment. Innate immune system of the airway epithelium consists of several components including the mucus layer, mucociliary clearance of beating cilia, production of host defense peptides, epithelial barrier integrity provided by tight and adherens junctions, pathogen recognition receptors, receptors for chemokines and cytokines, production of reactive oxygen species, and autophagy. Therefore, multiple components interplay with each other for efficient protection from pathogens that still can subvert host innate immune defenses. Hence, the modulation of innate immune responses with different inducers to boost host endogenous front-line defenses in the lung epithelium to fend off pathogens and to enhance epithelial innate immune responses in the immunocompromised individuals is of interest for host-directed therapy. Herein, we reviewed possibilities of modulation innate immune responses in the airway epithelium for host-directed therapy presenting an alternative approach to standard antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona T. Myszor
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gudmundur Hrafn Gudmundsson
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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van der Krieken DA, Rikken G, Ederveen TH, Jansen PA, Rodijk-Olthuis D, Meesters LD, van Vlijmen-Willems IM, van Cranenbroek B, van der Molen RG, Schalkwijk J, van den Bogaard EH, Zeeuwen PL. Gram-positive anaerobic cocci guard skin homeostasis by regulating host-defense mechanisms. iScience 2023; 26:106483. [PMID: 37096035 PMCID: PMC10122035 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In atopic dermatitis (AD), chronic skin inflammation is associated with skin barrier defects and skin microbiome dysbiosis including a lower abundance of Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPACs). We here report that, through secreted soluble factors, GPAC rapidly and directly induced epidermal host-defense molecules in cultured human keratinocytes and indirectly via immune-cell activation and cytokines derived thereof. Host-derived antimicrobial peptides known to limit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus-a skin pathogen involved in AD pathology-were strongly upregulated by GPAC-induced signaling through aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)-independent mechanisms, with a concomitant AHR-dependent induction of epidermal differentiation genes and control of pro-inflammatory gene expression in organotypic human epidermis. By these modes of operandi, GPAC may act as an "alarm signal" and protect the skin from pathogenic colonization and infection in the event of skin barrier disruption. Fostering growth or survival of GPAC may be starting point for microbiome-targeted therapeutics in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danique A. van der Krieken
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gijs Rikken
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas H.A. Ederveen
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (CMBI), Radboudumc, 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick A.M. Jansen
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Diana Rodijk-Olthuis
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Luca D. Meesters
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Bram van Cranenbroek
- Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboudumc, 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Renate G. van der Molen
- Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboudumc, 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joost Schalkwijk
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen H. van den Bogaard
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author
| | - Patrick L.J.M. Zeeuwen
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author
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11
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CYSRT1: an antimicrobial epidermal protein that can interact with late cornified envelope (LCE) proteins. J Invest Dermatol 2023:S0022-202X(23)00085-4. [PMID: 36804407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Late cornified envelope (LCE) proteins are small cationic epidermal proteins with antimicrobial properties, and the combined deletion of LCE3B and LCE3C genes is a risk factor for psoriasis that affects skin microbiome composition. In a yeast two-hybrid screen we identified cysteine-rich tail 1 protein (CYSRT1) as an interacting partner of members of all LCE groups except LCE6. These interactions were confirmed in a mammalian cell system by co-immunoprecipitation. CYSRT1 is a protein of unknown function that is specifically expressed in cutaneous and oral epithelia and spatially colocalizes with LCE proteins in the upper layers of the suprabasal epidermis. Constitutive CYSRT1 expression is present in fully differentiated epidermis and can be further induced in vivo by disruption of the skin barrier upon stratum corneum removal. Transcriptional regulation correlates to keratinocyte terminal differentiation but not to skin bacteria exposure. Similar to LCEs, CYSRT1 was found to have antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Comparative gene sequence analysis and protein amino acid alignment indicates that CYSRT1 is highly conserved among vertebrates and has putative antimicrobial activity. To summarize, we identified CYSRT1 in the outer skin layer, where it colocalizes with LCE proteins and contributes to the constitutive epidermal antimicrobial host defense repertoire.
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12
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Nugteren S, Simons-Oosterhuis Y, Menckeberg CL, Hulleman-van Haaften DH, Lindenbergh-Kortleve DJ, Samsom JN. Endogenous secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor inhibits microbial-induced monocyte activation. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2249964. [PMID: 36480463 PMCID: PMC10107746 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202249964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the intestine, epithelial factors condition incoming immune cells including monocytes to adapt their threshold of activation and prevent undesired inflammation. Colonic epithelial cells express Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI), an inhibitor of NF kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) that mediates epithelial hyporesponsiveness to microbial stimuli. Uptake of extracellular SLPI by monocytes has been proposed to inhibit monocyte activation. We questioned whether monocytes can produce SLPI and whether endogenous SLPI can inhibit monocyte activation. We demonstrate that human THP-1 monocytic cells produce SLPI and that CD68+ SLPI-producing cells can be detected in human intestinal lamina propria. Knockdown of SLPI in human THP-1 cells significantly increased NF-κB activation and subsequent C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) and TNF-α production in response to microbial stimulation. Reconstitution of SLPI-deficient cells with either full-length SLPI or SLPI lacking its signal peptide rescued inhibition of NF-κB activation and cytokine production, demonstrating that endogenous SLPI inhibits monocytic cell activation. Unexpectedly, exogenous SLPI did not inhibit CXCL8 or TNF-α production, despite efficient uptake. Our data argue that endogenous SLPI can regulate the threshold of activation in monocytes, thereby preventing activation by commensal bacteria in mucosal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Nugteren
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ytje Simons-Oosterhuis
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Celia L Menckeberg
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle H Hulleman-van Haaften
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dicky J Lindenbergh-Kortleve
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke N Samsom
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Baindara P, Ganguli S, Chakraborty R, Mandal SM. Preventing Respiratory Viral Diseases with Antimicrobial Peptide Master Regulators in the Lung Airway Habitat. Clin Pract 2023; 13:125-147. [PMID: 36648852 PMCID: PMC9844411 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract13010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast surface area of the respiratory system acts as an initial site of contact for microbes and foreign particles. The whole respiratory epithelium is covered with a thin layer of the airway and alveolar secretions. Respiratory secretions contain host defense peptides (HDPs), such as defensins and cathelicidins, which are the best-studied antimicrobial components expressed in the respiratory tract. HDPs have an important role in the human body's initial line of defense against pathogenic microbes. Epithelial and immunological cells produce HDPs in the surface fluids of the lungs, which act as endogenous antibiotics in the respiratory tract. The production and action of these antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are critical in the host's defense against respiratory infections. In this study, we have described all the HDPs secreted in the respiratory tract as well as how their expression is regulated during respiratory disorders. We focused on the transcriptional expression and regulation mechanisms of respiratory tract HDPs. Understanding how HDPs are controlled throughout infections might provide an alternative to relying on the host's innate immunity to combat respiratory viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Baindara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Sriradha Ganguli
- OMICS Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, P.O. NBU, Siliguri 734013, West Bengal, India
| | - Ranadhir Chakraborty
- OMICS Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, P.O. NBU, Siliguri 734013, West Bengal, India
| | - Santi M. Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
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14
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Barreto C, Matos GM, Rosa RD. On the wave of the crustin antimicrobial peptide family: From sequence diversity to function. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 3:100069. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2022.100069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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15
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Osbourn M, Rodgers AM, Dubois AV, Small DM, Humphries F, Delagic N, Moynagh PN, Weldon S, Taggart CC, Ingram RJ. Secretory Leucoprotease Inhibitor (SLPI) Promotes Survival during Acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection by Suppression of Inflammation Rather Than Microbial Killing. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121728. [PMID: 36551159 PMCID: PMC9776001 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory leucoprotease inhibitor (SLPI) has multifaceted functions, including inhibition of protease activity, antimicrobial functions, and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we show that SLPI plays a role in controlling pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Mice lacking SLPI were highly susceptible to P. aeruginosa infection, however there was no difference in bacterial burden. Utilising a model of P. aeruginosa LPS-induced lung inflammation, human recombinant SLPI (hrSLPI) administered intraperitoneally suppressed the recruitment of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and resulted in reduced BALF and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. This anti-inflammatory effect of hrSLPI was similarly demonstrated in a systemic inflammation model induced by intraperitoneal injection of LPS from various bacteria or lipoteichoic acid, highlighting the broad anti-inflammatory properties of hrSLPI. Moreover, in bone-marrow-derived macrophages, hrSLPI reduced LPS-induced phosphorylation of p-IkB-α, p-IKK-α/β, p-P38, demonstrating that the anti-inflammatory effect of hrSLPI was due to the inhibition of the NFκB and MAPK pathways. In conclusion, administration of hrSLPI attenuates excessive inflammatory responses and is therefore, a promising strategy to target inflammatory diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome or sepsis and could potentially be used to augment antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Osbourn
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Aoife M. Rodgers
- Department of Biology, The Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Alice V. Dubois
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Donna M. Small
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Fiachra Humphries
- Department of Biology, The Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Nezira Delagic
- Department of Biology, The Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Paul N. Moynagh
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
- Department of Biology, The Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Sinéad Weldon
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Clifford C. Taggart
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Rebecca J. Ingram
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +4428-9097-2090; Fax: +4428-9097-2671
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16
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Hailemariam D, Lam TH, Dervishi E, Zwierzchowski G, Wishart DS, Ametaj BN. Combination of mouse prion protein with detoxified lipopolysaccharide triggers colon genes related to inflammatory, antibacterial, and apoptotic responses. Res Vet Sci 2022; 144:98-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Douglas TC, Hannila SS. Working from within: how secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor regulates the expression of pro-inflammatory genes. Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 100:1-8. [PMID: 34555292 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2021-0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) is a small but powerful member of the serine protease inhibitor family, which includes proteins such as elafin and α1-antitrypsin. These proteins all have similar structures and antiprotease abilities, but SLPI has been found to have an additional role as an anti-inflammatory factor. It can inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, prevent neutrophil infiltration in murine models of lung and liver injury, and regulate the activity of the transcription factor NF-κB. In this review, we will revisit SLPI's unique biochemistry, and then explore how its anti-inflammatory functions can be linked to more recent findings showing that SLPI can localize to the nuclei of cells, bind DNA, and act as a regulator of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinsley Claire Douglas
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.,Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Sari S Hannila
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.,Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
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18
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Ozaka S, Sonoda A, Ariki S, Kamiyama N, Hidano S, Sachi N, Ito K, Kudo Y, Minata M, Saechue B, Dewayani A, Chalalai T, Soga Y, Takahashi Y, Fukuda C, Mizukami K, Okumura R, Kayama H, Murakami K, Takeda K, Kobayashi T. Protease inhibitory activity of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor ameliorates murine experimental colitis by protecting the intestinal epithelial barrier. Genes Cells 2021; 26:807-822. [PMID: 34379860 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder in the intestine, and the dysfunction of intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) may trigger the onset of IBD. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) is a serine protease inhibitor that has been implicated in the tissue-protective effect in the skin and lung. We found that SLPI was induced in lipopolysaccharides-treated colon carcinoma cell line and in the colon of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated mice. SLPI-deficient mice were administered DSS to induce colitis and sustained severe inflammation compared with wild-type mice. The colonic mucosa of SLPI-deficient mice showed more severe inflammation with neutrophil infiltration and higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines compared with control mice. Moreover, neutrophil elastase (NE) activity in SLPI-deficient mice was increased and IEB function was severely impaired in the colon, accompanied with the increased number of apoptotic cells. Importantly, we demonstrated that DSS-induced colitis was ameliorated by administration of protease inhibitor SSR69071 and recombinant SLPI. These results suggest that the protease inhibitory activity of SLPI protects from colitis by preventing IEB dysfunction caused by excessive NE activity, which provides insight into the novel function of SLPI in the regulation of gut homeostasis and therapeutic approaches for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotaro Ozaka
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Akira Sonoda
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Shimpei Ariki
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Naganori Kamiyama
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Shinya Hidano
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Nozomi Sachi
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Kanako Ito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Yoko Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Mizuki Minata
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Benjawan Saechue
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Astri Dewayani
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Thanyakorn Chalalai
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Soga
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Yuya Takahashi
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Chiaki Fukuda
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Mizukami
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Ryu Okumura
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hisako Kayama
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazunari Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
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19
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Ung L, Chodosh J. Foundational concepts in the biology of bacterial keratitis. Exp Eye Res 2021; 209:108647. [PMID: 34097906 PMCID: PMC8595513 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections of the cornea, or bacterial keratitis (BK), are notorious for causing rapidly fulminant disease and permanent vision loss, even among treated patients. In the last sixty years, dramatic upward trajectories in the frequency of BK have been observed internationally, driven in large part by the commercialization of hydrogel contact lenses in the late 1960s. Despite this worsening burden of disease, current evidence-based therapies for BK - including broad-spectrum topical antibiotics and, if indicated, topical corticosteroids - fail to salvage vision in a substantial proportion of affected patients. Amid growing concerns of rapidly diminishing antibiotic utility, there has been renewed interest in urgently needed novel treatments that may improve clinical outcomes on an individual and public health level. Bridging the translational gap in the care of BK requires the identification of new therapeutic targets and rational treatment design, but neither of these aims can be achieved without understanding the complex biological processes that determine how bacterial corneal infections arise, progress, and resolve. In this chapter, we synthesize the current wealth of human and animal experimental data that now inform our understanding of basic BK pathophysiology, in context with modern concepts in ocular immunology and microbiology. By identifying the key molecular determinants of clinical disease, we explore how novel treatments can be developed and translated into routine patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawson Ung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Infectious Disease Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James Chodosh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Infectious Disease Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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20
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Gambichler T, Hessam S, Skrygan M, Bakirtzi M, Kasakovski D, Bechara FG. NOD2 signalling in hidradenitis suppurativa. Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 46:1488-1494. [PMID: 34056759 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is associated with dysregulated immune responses including altered expression of cytokines, chemokines, and antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs). AIMS To evaluate the expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing (NOD)2 and related factors in HS skin samples and keratinocyte cultures. METHODS We performed real-time PCR for NOD2, receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase (RIP)2, cyclic amine resistance locus (CARL), skin-derived antileukoproteinase (SKALP)/elafin, human β-defensin (hBD)2, LL37, psoriasin and RNAse7 in lesional and nonlesional skin of 19 patients with HS and in keratinocyte cultures [unstimulated, muramyl dipeptide (MDP)-stimulated or Pam2CSK4 (Pam2)-stimulated] from and nonlesional skin. RESULTS We observed significantly elevated mRNA expression for NOD2 (P < 0.01), hBD2 (P = 0.02), RNase7 (P < 0.001), psoriasin (P < 0.01) and SKALP/elafin (P = 0.02) in lesional compared with nonlesional skin. We found a significant correlation between NOD2 mRNA and hBD2 (r = 46; P = 0.04), psoriasin (r = 0.67; P < 0.01) and SKALP/elafin (r = 0.65; P < 0.01). In unstimulated, Pam2-stimulated and MDP-stimulated normal keratinocytes, NOD2, RIP2, CARL and SKALP/elafin expression significantly (P < 0.05) increased from 6 to 48 h, whereas in unstimulated, Pam2-stimulated and MDP-stimulated HS keratinocytes, RIP2, CARL and SKALP/elafin expression significantly (P < 0.05) declined from 6 to 48 h. mRNA expression of NOD2 (unstimulated, Pam2-stimulated, MDP-stimulated), CARL (unstimulated, Pam2-stimulated, MDP-stimulated) and SKALP/elafin (unstimulated, Pam2-stimulated) at 6 h was significantly increased in HS compared with normal keratinocytes. CONCLUSION We have shown for the first time that NOD2 signalling is activated in HS and might contribute to the pathogenesis via induction of AMPs and activation of other pathways such as nuclear factor κB signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gambichler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - S Hessam
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - M Skrygan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - M Bakirtzi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - D Kasakovski
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F G Bechara
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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21
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Jaeger N, McDonough RT, Rosen AL, Hernandez-Leyva A, Wilson NG, Lint MA, Russler-Germain EV, Chai JN, Bacharier LB, Hsieh CS, Kau AL. Airway Microbiota-Host Interactions Regulate Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor Levels and Influence Allergic Airway Inflammation. Cell Rep 2021; 33:108331. [PMID: 33147448 PMCID: PMC7685510 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeostatic mucosal immune responses are fine-tuned by naturally evolved interactions with native microbes, and integrating these relationships into experimental models can provide new insights into human diseases. Here, we leverage a murine-adapted airway microbe, Bordetella pseudohinzii (Bph), to investigate how chronic colonization impacts mucosal immunity and the development of allergic airway inflammation (AAI). Colonization with Bph induces the differentiation of interleukin-17A (IL-17A)-secreting T-helper cells that aid in controlling bacterial abundance. Bph colonization protects from AAI and is associated with increased production of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), an antimicrobial peptide with anti-inflammatory properties. These findings are additionally supported by clinical data showing that higher levels of upper respiratory SLPI correlate both with greater asthma control and the presence of Haemophilus, a bacterial genus associated with AAI. We propose that SLPI could be used as a biomarker of beneficial host-commensal relationships in the airway. Asthma is known to be modified by airway microbes. Jaeger et al. use a murine-adapted bacterium to show that airway colonization evokes a Th17 response associated with increased SLPI, an antimicrobial peptide, and protection from lung inflammation. In people, SLPI was correlated with airway microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Jaeger
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ryan T McDonough
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anne L Rosen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ariel Hernandez-Leyva
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Naomi G Wilson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael A Lint
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emilie V Russler-Germain
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jiani N Chai
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Leonard B Bacharier
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chyi-Song Hsieh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Andrew L Kau
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Page LK, Staples KJ, Spalluto CM, Watson A, Wilkinson TMA. Influence of Hypoxia on the Epithelial-Pathogen Interactions in the Lung: Implications for Respiratory Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:653969. [PMID: 33868294 PMCID: PMC8044850 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.653969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Under normal physiological conditions, the lung remains an oxygen rich environment. However, prominent regions of hypoxia are a common feature of infected and inflamed tissues and many chronic inflammatory respiratory diseases are associated with mucosal and systemic hypoxia. The airway epithelium represents a key interface with the external environment and is the first line of defense against potentially harmful agents including respiratory pathogens. The protective arsenal of the airway epithelium is provided in the form of physical barriers, and the production of an array of antimicrobial host defense molecules, proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, in response to activation by receptors. Dysregulation of the airway epithelial innate immune response is associated with a compromised immunity and chronic inflammation of the lung. An increasing body of evidence indicates a distinct role for hypoxia in the dysfunction of the airway epithelium and in the responses of both innate immunity and of respiratory pathogens. Here we review the current evidence around the role of tissue hypoxia in modulating the host-pathogen interaction at the airway epithelium. Furthermore, we highlight the work needed to delineate the role of tissue hypoxia in the pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory lung diseases such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in addition to novel respiratory diseases such as COVID-19. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the epithelial-pathogen interactions in the setting of hypoxia will enable better understanding of persistent infections and complex disease processes in chronic inflammatory lung diseases and may aid the identification of novel therapeutic targets and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee K Page
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Karl J Staples
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - C Mirella Spalluto
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair Watson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Birmingham Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tom M A Wilkinson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Nugteren S, Samsom JN. Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI) in mucosal tissues: Protects against inflammation, but promotes cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 59:22-35. [PMID: 33602652 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is continuously challenged with large quantities of exogenous antigens at the barriers between the external environment and internal human tissues. Antimicrobial activity is essential at these sites, though the immune responses must be tightly regulated to prevent tissue destruction by inflammation. Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI) is an evolutionarily conserved, pleiotropic protein expressed at mucosal surfaces, mainly by epithelial cells. SLPI inhibits proteases, exerts antimicrobial activity and inhibits nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated inflammatory gene transcription. SLPI maintains homeostasis at barrier tissues by preventing tissue destruction and regulating the threshold of inflammatory immune responses, while protecting the host from infection. However, excessive expression of SLPI in cancer cells may have detrimental consequences, as recent studies demonstrate that overexpression of SLPI increases the metastatic potential of epithelial tumors. Here, we review the varied functions of SLPI in the respiratory tract, skin, gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary tract, and then discuss the mechanisms by which SLPI may contribute to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Nugteren
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Janneke N Samsom
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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24
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Gigon L, Yousefi S, Karaulov A, Simon HU. Mechanisms of toxicity mediated by neutrophil and eosinophil granule proteins. Allergol Int 2021; 70:30-38. [PMID: 33277190 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils and eosinophils are granulocytes which are characterized by the presence of granules in the cytoplasm. Granules provide a safe storage site for granule proteins that play important roles in the immune function of granulocytes. Upon granulocytes activation, diverse proteins are released from the granules into the extracellular space and contribute to the fight against infections. In this article, we describe granule proteins of both neutrophils and eosinophils able to kill pathogens and review their anticipated mechanism of antimicrobial toxicity. It should be noted that an excess of granules protein release can lead to tissue damage of the host resulting in chronic inflammation and organ dysfunction.
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25
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The Whey Acidic Protein WFDC12 Is Specifically Expressed in Terminally Differentiated Keratinocytes and Regulates Epidermal Serine Protease Activity. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:1198-1206.e13. [PMID: 33157095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
WFDC proteins such as peptidase inhibitor 3 and SLPI inhibit proteases in the epidermis and other tissues. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that further WFDC protein family members might contribute to epidermal homeostasis. We found that in addition to peptidase inhibitor 3 and SLPI, WFDC5 and WFDC12 were expressed in human epidermis. In contrast to WFDC5, the expression of WFDC12 was induced during the late differentiation of keratinocytes and was restricted to the outermost layer of live cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing demonstrated that WFDC12-positive keratinocytes were characterized by the upregulation of LCE mRNA expression and downregulated the expression of keratins and claudins. Immunogold-electron microscopy revealed the colocalization of WFDC12 with corneodesmosomes in the lower stratum corneum. WFDC12 was elevated in the affected skin of patients with psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and Darier disease. By contrast, WFDC12 expression was strongly upregulated not only in the affected but even more so in clinically normal-appearing skin of patients with Netherton syndrome. Finally, functional analysis showed distinct inhibitory activity of WFDC12 on neutrophil elastase and epidermal kallikrein‒related peptidase. Altogether, our study identified WFDC12 as a marker of the last stage of epidermal keratinocyte differentiation and suggests that WFDC12 contributes to the control of protease activity in the stratum corneum.
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26
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Nugteren S, Goos JACM, Delis-van Diemen PM, Simons-Oosterhuis Y, Lindenbergh-Kortleve DJ, van Haaften DH, Sanders J, Meijer GA, Fijneman RJA, Samsom JN. Expression of the immune modulator secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) in colorectal cancer liver metastases and matched primary tumors is associated with a poorer prognosis. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1832761. [PMID: 33101778 PMCID: PMC7556627 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1832761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), a pleiotropic protein expressed by healthy intestinal epithelial cells, functions as an inhibitor of NF-κB and neutrophil proteases and exerts antimicrobial activity. We previously showed SLPI suppresses intestinal epithelial chemokine production in response to microbial contact. Increased SLPI expression was recently detected in various types of carcinoma. In addition, accumulating evidence indicates SLPI expression is favorable for tumor cells. In view of these findings and the abundance of SLPI in the colonic epithelium, we hypothesized SLPI promotes colorectal cancer (CRC) growth and metastasis. Here, we aimed to establish whether SLPI expression in CRC is related to clinical outcome. Using a cohort of 507 patients with CRC who underwent resection of liver metastases, we show that high SLPI protein expression in both liver metastases and primary CRC is associated with significantly shorter overall survival after resection of liver metastases. The prognostic value of SLPI in CRC patients with liver metastases implies a role for SLPI in the formation of metastasis of human CRC. Based on the immune regulatory functions of SLPI, we anticipate that expression of SLPI provides tumors with a mechanism to evade infiltration by immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Nugteren
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen A C M Goos
- Departments of Clinical Neuroscience, Radiopharmacy, and Oncology & Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ytje Simons-Oosterhuis
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dicky J Lindenbergh-Kortleve
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle H van Haaften
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce Sanders
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit A Meijer
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remond J A Fijneman
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke N Samsom
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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27
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Ederveen THA, Smits JPH, Boekhorst J, Schalkwijk J, van den Bogaard EH, Zeeuwen PLJM. Skin microbiota in health and disease: From sequencing to biology. J Dermatol 2020; 47:1110-1118. [PMID: 32804417 PMCID: PMC7589227 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Microbiota live in a closely regulated interaction with their environment, and vice versa. The presence and absence of microbial entities is greatly influenced by features of the niche in which they thrive. Characteristic of this phenomenon is that different human skin sites harbor niche‐specific communities of microbes. Microbial diversity is considerable, and the current challenge lies in determining which microbes and (corresponding) functionality are of importance to a given ecological niche. Furthermore, as there is increasing evidence of microbial involvement in health and disease, the need arises to fundamentally understand microbiome processes for application in health care, nutrition and personal care products (e.g. diet, cosmetics, probiotics). This review provides a current overview of state‐of‐the‐art sequencing‐based techniques and corresponding data analysis methodology for profiling of complex microbial communities. Furthermore, we also summarize the existing knowledge regarding cutaneous microbiota and their human host for a wide range of skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H A Ederveen
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (CMBI), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology, RIMLS, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos P H Smits
- Department of Dermatology, RIMLS, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Boekhorst
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (CMBI), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,NIZO, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Schalkwijk
- Department of Dermatology, RIMLS, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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28
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Zhang XW, Yang CH, Xia XH, Pan XT, Jin ZY, Yu H, Zhang HW. A triple WAP domain containing protein acts in antibacterial immunity of weather loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 103:277-284. [PMID: 32439510 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Whey acidic protein domain (WAPD) occurs in a variety of proteins in animals and many of WAPD-containing proteins are involved in immunity. In the present study, a novel protein containing three WAPDs was identified from the weather loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, designated as MaTWD. MaTWD share high identity with TWDs from fish but low identity with TWDs from other animal phyla. MaTWD transcripts mainly distributed in gills and head kidney responded to bacterial challenge with significant upregulation. In vitro assay with recombinant MaTWD protein revealed that MaTWD had antiprotease activity against bacterial proteases. Moreover, MaTWD exhibited bacterial binding capacity and antimicrobial activity. Most importantly, exogenous MaTWD protected loach against bacterial infection by reducing loach mortality. We infer that MaTWD participates in the antibacterial immunity of loach via its antiprotease and antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Cong-Hui Yang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Xia
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Xin-Tong Pan
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Ze-Yu Jin
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Nature Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Hong-Wei Zhang
- Department of Nature Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China.
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29
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Use of a vaginal probiotic suppository and antibiotics to influence the composition of the endometrial microbiota. Reprod Biol 2020; 20:307-314. [PMID: 32680750 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the status of the endometrial microbiota in patients with repeated implantation failure (RIF) and to assess treatment strategies for nondominant Lactobacillus (NLD) cases. A total of 392 patients with RIF were enrolled in this prospective cohort study (UMIN-CTR 000038582) and underwent endometrial microbiota analysis. Patients diagnosed with NLD were treated with a combination of oral and vaginal probiotics or oral prebiotics and antibiotics. The outcome was evaluated through re-analysis of the endometrial microbiota following treatment, and the results are presented as cure rates. NLD represented 44.9 % of the total endometrial microbiota in patients with RIF. The most commonly detected bacterium was Gardnerella vaginalis. The cure rates in the oral probiotics + oral prebiotics, antibiotics, oral probiotics + oral prebiotics + antibiotics, vaginal probiotic suppository, and vaginal probiotic suppository + antibiotics groups were 29.5, 33.33, 33.33, 43.6, and 78.6 %, respectively. Significant improvements were noted in the vaginal probiotic suppository + antibiotics group. Moreover, we revealed that approximately half of patients with RIF had NLD. Thus, the combination of a vaginal probiotic suppository and antibiotics may represent an effective treatment for NLD cases.
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30
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Li S, Lv X, Yu Y, Zhang X, Li F. Molecular and Functional Diversity of Crustin-Like Genes in the Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E361. [PMID: 32668696 PMCID: PMC7401287 DOI: 10.3390/md18070361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Crustins are crustacean cationic cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides that contain one or two whey acidic protein (WAP) domain(s) at the carboxyl terminus and mainly show antimicrobial and/or proteinase inhibitory activities. Here, we performed genome and transcriptome screening and identified 34 full-length crustin-like encoding genes in Litopenaeus vannamei. Multiple sequence analysis of the deduced mature peptides revealed that these putative crustins included 10 type Ia, two type Ib, one type Ic, 11 type IIa, three type IIb, four type III, one type IV, one type VI, and one type VII. These putative crustins were clustered into different groups. Phylogenetic analysis, considering their domain composition, showed that different types of crustin-like genes in crustaceans might be originated from the WAP core region, along with sequence insertion, duplication, deletion, and amino acid substitution. Tissue distribution analysis suggested that most crustin-like genes were mainly detected in immune-related tissues while several crustin-like genes exhibited tissue-specific expression patterns. Quantitative PCR analysis on 15 selected crustin-like genes showed that most of them were apparently upregulated after Vibrio parahaemolyticus or white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. One type Ib crustin-like gene, mainly expressed in the ovary, showed the highest expression levels before the gastrula stage and was hardly detected after the limb bud stage, suggesting that it was a maternal immune effector. Collectively, the present data revealed the molecular and functional diversity of crustins and their potential evolutionary routes in crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xinjia Lv
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Fuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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31
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Smits JP, Ederveen TH, Rikken G, van den Brink NJ, van Vlijmen-Willems IM, Boekhorst J, Kamsteeg M, Schalkwijk J, van Hijum SA, Zeeuwen PL, van den Bogaard EH. Targeting the Cutaneous Microbiota in Atopic Dermatitis by Coal Tar via AHR-Dependent Induction of Antimicrobial Peptides. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:415-424.e10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.06.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Gohy S, Hupin C, Ladjemi MZ, Hox V, Pilette C. Key role of the epithelium in chronic upper airways diseases. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 50:135-146. [PMID: 31746062 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium of the upper airways is a first-line defence against inhaled irritants, pathogens and allergens. It ensures a physical barrier provided by apical junctions and mucociliary clearance to avoid excessive activation of the immune system. The epithelium also forms a chemical and immunological barrier, extensively equipped to protect the airways against external aggressions before the adaptive immune system is required. Under normal circumstances, the epithelium is capable of recovering rapidly after damage. This manuscript reviews these main properties of the upper airway epithelium as well as its reported impairments in chronic inflammatory diseases. The knowledge on normal epithelial functions and their dysregulation in upper airway diseases should help to design new epithelial-targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Gohy
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Pneumology, Cliniques universitaires, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cloé Hupin
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maha Zohra Ladjemi
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Hox
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cliniques universitaires, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles Pilette
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Pneumology, Cliniques universitaires, Brussels, Belgium
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33
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Predictive value of cervical cytokine, antimicrobial and microflora levels for pre-term birth in high-risk women. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11246. [PMID: 31375740 PMCID: PMC6677789 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47756-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB, delivery <37 weeks gestation), accounts for approximately 10% of births worldwide; the aetiology is multifactorial with intra-amniotic infection being one contributing factor. This study aimed to determine whether asymptomatic women with a history of sPTB or cervical surgery have altered levels of inflammatory/antimicrobial mediators and/or microflora within cervical fluid at 22-24 weeks gestation. External cervical fluid was collected from women with history of previous sPTB and/or cervical surgery at 22-24 weeks gestation (n = 135). Cytokine and antimicrobial peptides were measured on a multiplex platform or by ELISA. qPCR was performed for detection of 7 potentially pathogenic bacterial species. IL-8 and IL-1β levels were lower in women who delivered preterm compared to those who delivered at term (IL-8 P = 0.02; IL-1β P = 0.04). There were no differences in elafin or human beta defensin-1 protein levels between the two groups. Multiple bacterial species were detected in a higher proportion of women who delivered preterm than in those who delivered at term (P = 0.005). Cervical fluid IL-8 and IL-1β and microflora have the potential to be used as biomarkers to predict sPTB in high risk women.
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34
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Xue Q. Pathogen proteases and host protease inhibitors in molluscan infectious diseases. J Invertebr Pathol 2019; 166:107214. [PMID: 31348922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2019.107214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of infectious diseases represents an outcome of dynamic interactions between the disease-producing agent's pathogenicity and the host's self-defense mechanism. Proteases secreted by pathogenic microorganisms and protease inhibitors produced by host species play an important role in the process. This review aimed at summarizing major findings in research on pathogen proteases and host protease inhibitors that had been proposed to be related to the development of mollusk diseases. Metalloproteases and serine proteases respectively belonging to Family M4 and Family S8 of the MEROPS system are among the most studied proteases that may function as virulence factors in mollusk pathogens. On the other hand, a mollusk-specific family (Family I84) of novel serine protease inhibitors and homologues of the tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease have been studied for their potential in the molluscan host defense. In addition, research at the genomic and transcriptomic levels showed that more proteases of pathogens and protease inhibitor of hosts are likely involved in mollusk disease processes. Therefore, the pathological significance of interactions between pathogen proteases and host protease inhibitors in the development of molluscan infectious diseases deserves more research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinggang Xue
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
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35
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Sibila O, Perea L, Cantó E, Shoemark A, Cassidy D, Smith AH, Suarez-Cuartin G, Rodrigo-Troyano A, Keir HR, Oriano M, Ong S, Vidal S, Blasi F, Aliberti S, Chalmers JD. Antimicrobial peptides, disease severity and exacerbations in bronchiectasis. Thorax 2019; 74:835-842. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2018-212895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
RationaleRecently a frequent exacerbator phenotype has been described in bronchiectasis, but the underlying biological mechanisms are unknown. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important in host defence against microbes but can be proinflammatory in chronic lung disease.ObjectivesTo determine pulmonary and systemic levels of AMP and their relationship with disease severity and future risk of exacerbations in bronchiectasis.MethodsA total of 135 adults with bronchiectasis were prospectively enrolled at three European centres. Levels of cathelicidin LL-37, lactoferrin, lysozyme and secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) in serum and sputum were determined at baseline by ELISA. Patients were followed up for 12 months. We examined the ability of sputum AMP to predict future exacerbation risk.Measurements and main resultsAMP levels were higher in sputum than in serum, suggesting local AMP release. Patients with more severe disease at baseline had dysregulation of airway AMP. Higher LL-37 and lower SLPI levels were associated with Bronchiectasis Severity Index, lower FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 s) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Low SLPI levels were also associated with the exacerbation frequency at baseline. During follow-up, higher LL-37 and lower SLPI levels were associated with a shorter time to the next exacerbation, whereas LL-37 alone predicted exacerbation frequency over the next 12 months.ConclusionsPatients with bronchiectasis showed dysregulated sputum AMP levels, characterised by elevated LL-37 and reduced SLPI levels in the frequent exacerbator phenotype. Elevated LL-37 and reduced SLPI levels are associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and can predict future risk of exacerbations in bronchiectasis.
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36
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Characterisation of the Major Extracellular Proteases of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Their Effects on Pulmonary Antiproteases. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8030092. [PMID: 31261656 PMCID: PMC6789491 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8030092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging global opportunistic pathogen that has been appearing with increasing prevalence in cystic fibrosis (CF). A secreted protease from S. maltophilia has been reported as its chief potential virulence factor. Here, using the reference clinical strain S. maltophilia K279a, the major secreted proteases were identified. Protein biochemistry and mass spectrometry were carried out on K279a culture supernatant. The effect of K279a culture supernatant on cleavage and anti-neutrophil elastase activity of the three majors pulmonary antiproteases was quantified. A deletion mutant of S. maltophilia lacking expression of a protease was constructed. The serine proteases StmPR1, StmPR2 and StmPR3, in addition to chitinase A and an outer membrane esterase were identified in culture supernatants. Protease activity was incompletely abrogated in a K279a-ΔStmPR1: Erm mutant. Wild type K279a culture supernatant degraded alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), secretory leucoprotease inhibitor (SLPI) and elafin, important components of the lung’s innate immune defences. Meanwhile SLPI and elafin, but not AAT, retained their ability to inhibit neutrophil elastase. StmPR3 together with StmPR1 and StmPR2, is likely to contribute to protease-mediated innate immune dysfunction in CF.
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Nakamura T, Satoh-Nakamura T, Nakajima A, Kawanami T, Sakai T, Fujita Y, Iwao H, Miki M, Masaki Y, Okazaki T, Ishigaki Y, Kawano M, Yamada K, Matsui S, Saeki T, Kamisawa T, Yamamoto M, Hamano H, Origuchi T, Hirata S, Tanaka Y, Tsuboi H, Sumida T, Okazaki K, Tanaka M, Chiba T, Mimori T, Umehara H. Impaired expression of innate immunity-related genes in IgG4-related disease: A possible mechanism in the pathogenesis of IgG4-RD. Mod Rheumatol 2019; 30:551-557. [PMID: 31116057 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2019.1621475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is characterized by elevated serum IgG4 and tissue infiltration by IgG4-positive plasma cells. The pathogenesis of this disease is not clear. Transcriptome analysis was performed to identify genes over- and under-expressed in patients with IgG4-RD.Method: DNA microarray analysis was performed using RNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of two patients with IgG4-RD and four healthy individuals. Genes showing a greater than threefold change in expression in IgG4-RD patients following steroid therapy were identified. Four genes related to innate immunity such as transcobalamin I (TCN1), secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor (SLPI), bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) and lactotransferrin (LTF) were assessed by real-time PCR in 15 IgG4-RD patients and 13 healthy individuals.Result: DNA microarray analysis identified 30 genes showing a greater than threefold change in expression in IgG4-RD patients following steroid therapy. Real-time RT-PCR showed that the levels of mRNAs encoding TCNI and SLPI, except for BPI and LTF, were significantly lower in patients with IgG4-RD than in healthy people. The levels of all four mRNAs in patients with IgG4-RD were significantly increased after steroid treatment.Conclusion: These results indicate that reduction in expression of innate immunity-related genes may participate in the pathogenesis of IgG4-RD that steroid treatment may rectify impaired innate immunity as well as acquired immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Nakamura
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nagahama City Hospital, Shiga, Japan.,Hematology and Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tomomi Satoh-Nakamura
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nagahama City Hospital, Shiga, Japan.,Hematology and Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Akio Nakajima
- Hematology and Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.,Division of Rheumatology, Kudo General Hospital, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kawanami
- Hematology and Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Sakai
- Hematology and Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Fujita
- Hematology and Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Haruka Iwao
- Hematology and Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Miyuki Miki
- Hematology and Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Masaki
- Hematology and Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Toshiro Okazaki
- Hematology and Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Ishigaki
- Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kawano
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazunori Yamada
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shoko Matsui
- Health Administration Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takako Saeki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nagaoka Red Cross Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Terumi Kamisawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohisa Yamamoto
- Department of Rheumatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hamano
- Medical Informatics Division and Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, Shinshu University School Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Tomoki Origuchi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki Graduate School of Health Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shintaro Hirata
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Tanaka
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroto Tsuboi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sumida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuichi Okazaki
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masao Tanaka
- Hematology and Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Chiba
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsuneyo Mimori
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisanori Umehara
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nagahama City Hospital, Shiga, Japan.,Hematology and Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
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Lange A, Cajander S, Magnuson A, Sundén-Cullberg J, Strålin K, Hultgren O. Plasma concentrations of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) differ depending on etiology and severity in community-onset bloodstream infection. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 38:1425-1434. [PMID: 31089838 PMCID: PMC6647850 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03567-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The severity of bloodstream infections (BSI) depends on pathogen, source, and host factors. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) counteracts tissue damage, balances inflammation, and is increased in pneumonia and sepsis. We aimed to evaluate whether SLPI production differs depending on etiology, disease severity, and sex in BSI and to correlate SLPI with markers of inflammation and immunosuppression. Of the adult patients with BSI, 109 were included and sampled repeatedly, from hospital admission through day 28. Controls (blood donors) were sampled twice. SLPI in plasma was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus etiology were associated with higher SLPI than Escherichia coli on days 1–2 and 3. On day 1–2, subjects with sepsis had higher SLPI concentrations than those with non-septic BSI. Pneumonia was associated with higher SLPI than a non-pulmonary source of infection. SLPI co-varied with inflammatory markers. SLPI concentrations did not differ with regard to sex in the full cohort, but men with pneumonia had higher SLPI than women on day 1–2. S. pneumoniae and S. aureus BSI were associated with higher SLPI, when compared to E. coli. Severity and pneumonia, as well as male sex in the pneumonia sub-cohort, were factors independently associated with higher SLPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lange
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-70182, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Sara Cajander
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-70182, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Anders Magnuson
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-70182, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Jonas Sundén-Cullberg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer Strålin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olof Hultgren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-70182, Örebro, Sweden
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39
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Chuluyan E, Casadei D, Ambrosi N, Caro F, Guerrieri D. The Role of Secretory Leukocyte Proteinase Inhibitor During Transplantation. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40472-019-0226-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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40
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Marth CD, Firestone SM, Hanlon D, Glenton LY, Browning GF, Young ND, Krekeler N. Innate immune genes in persistent mating-induced endometritis in horses. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 30:533-545. [PMID: 28834688 DOI: 10.1071/rd17157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent mating-induced endometritis (PMIE) severely decreases fertility in horses. The aim of the present study was to evaluate differences between horses susceptible to PMIE and a control group in terms of the expression of selected immune response and effector genes, and the effects of oestrous cycle stage on this expression. Endometrial biopsies from 18 uterine samples of mares in the control group (eight in dioestrus, 10 in oestrus) and 16 PMIE-susceptible mares (four in dioestrus, 12 in oestrus) were analysed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Genes for pathogen recognition receptors Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and NLR family CARD domain containing 5 (NLRC5), as well as tissue-specific inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL) 9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 and uteroferrin were expressed at similar levels in the control group and in susceptible mares. Genes for C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and the antimicrobial peptides secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2), lipocalin 2 and lactoferrin were all expressed at higher levels in susceptible compared with control mares. The expression of genes for the antimicrobial peptides equine β-defensin 1 (EBD1), lysozyme (LYZ) and secretory leukoprotease inhibitor (SLPI) was also higher in susceptible than control mares. The diagnostic sensitivity of assays for EBD1, LYZ and SLP1 gene expression to detect susceptibility to PMIE was estimated to be 100%, 94% and 100% respectively, with specificities of 83%, 78% and 78% respectively. When all three tests were positive, the specificity increased to 94%, with an overall sensitivity of 94%. The present study has yielded insights into pathophysiological changes in mares susceptible to PMIE and identified robust diagnostic markers (EBD1, LYZ and SLPI) for susceptibility to this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina D Marth
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Corner Park Drive and Flemington Road, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia
| | - Simon M Firestone
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Corner Park Drive and Flemington Road, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia
| | - Dave Hanlon
- Matamata Veterinary Services, 26 Tainui Street, Matamata, New Zealand
| | - Lisa Y Glenton
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Corner Park Drive and Flemington Road, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia
| | - Glenn F Browning
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Corner Park Drive and Flemington Road, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia
| | - Neil D Young
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Corner Park Drive and Flemington Road, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia
| | - Natali Krekeler
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Corner Park Drive and Flemington Road, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia
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41
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Vandooren J, Goeminne P, Boon L, Ugarte-Berzal E, Rybakin V, Proost P, Abu El-Asrar AM, Opdenakker G. Neutrophils and Activated Macrophages Control Mucosal Immunity by Proteolytic Cleavage of Antileukoproteinase. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1154. [PMID: 29892293 PMCID: PMC5985294 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antileukoproteinase or secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor is a small protein which protects the mucosal linings against excessive proteolysis, inflammation, and microbial infection. We discovered that gelatinase B or matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, a secreted zinc-dependent endopeptidase typically found at sites of inflammation, destroys antileukoproteinase by cleavages within both of its two functional domains: the anti-microbial N-terminal and the anti-proteolytic C-terminal domains. Cleaved antileukoproteinase possessed a significantly lower ability to bind lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and a reduced capacity to inhibit neutrophil elastase (NE) activity. Whereas intact antileukoproteinase repressed proinflammatory transcript [prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) and IL6] synthesis and protein secretion [e.g., of MMP-9] in human CD14+ blood monocytes stimulated with LPS, this effect was reduced or lost for cleaved antileukoproteinase. We demonstrated the in vivo presence of antileukoproteinase cleavage fragments in lower airway secretions of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis patients with considerable levels of neutrophils and, hence, elastase and MMP-9 activity. As a comparison, other MMPs (MMP-2, MMP-7, and MMP-8) and serine proteases (NE, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3) were also able to cleave antileukoproteinase with similar or reduced efficiency. In conclusion, in specific mucosal pathologies, such as bronchiectasis, neutrophils, and macrophage subsets control local immune reactions by proteolytic regulation, here described as the balance between MMPs (in particular MMP-9), serine proteases and local tissue inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Vandooren
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Goeminne
- Department of Respiratory Disease, University Hospital of Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Respiratory Disease, AZ Nikolaas, Sint-Niklaas, Belgium
| | - Lise Boon
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Estefania Ugarte-Berzal
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vasily Rybakin
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ahmed M Abu El-Asrar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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42
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Valenti P, Rosa L, Capobianco D, Lepanto MS, Schiavi E, Cutone A, Paesano R, Mastromarino P. Role of Lactobacilli and Lactoferrin in the Mucosal Cervicovaginal Defense. Front Immunol 2018; 9:376. [PMID: 29545798 PMCID: PMC5837981 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate defense system of the female mucosal genital tract involves a close and complex interaction among the healthy vaginal microbiota, different cells, and various proteins that protect the host from pathogens. Vaginal lactobacilli and lactoferrin represent two essential actors in the vaginal environment. Lactobacilli represent the dominant bacterial species able to prevent facultative and obligate anaerobes outnumber in vaginal microbiota maintaining healthy microbial homeostasis. Several mechanisms underlie the protection exerted by lactobacilli: competition for nutrients and tissue adherence, reduction of the vaginal pH, modulation of immunity, and production of bioactive compounds. Among bioactive factors of cervicovaginal mucosa, lactoferrin, an iron-binding cationic glycoprotein, is a multifunctional glycoprotein with antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiparasitic activities, recently emerging as an important modulator of inflammation. Lactobacilli and lactoferrin are largely under the influence of female hormones and of paracrine production of various cytokines. Lactoferrin is strongly increased in lower genital tract mucosal fluid of women affected by Neisseria gonorrheae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Trichomonas vaginalis infections promoting both innate and adaptive immune responses. In vaginal dysbiosis characterized by low amounts of vaginal lactobacilli and increased levels of endogenous anaerobic bacteria, the increase in lactoferrin could act as an immune modulator assuming the role normally played by the healthy microbiota in vaginal mucosa. Then lactoferrin and lactobacilli may be considered as biomarkers of altered microbial homeostasis at vaginal level. Considering the shortage of effective treatments to counteract recurrent and/or antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections, the intravaginal administration of lactobacilli and lactoferrin could be a novel efficient therapeutic strategy and a valuable tool to restore mucosal immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piera Valenti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Rosa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Capobianco
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Stefania Lepanto
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Schiavi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Antimo Cutone
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosalba Paesano
- Department of Gynecological-Obstetric and Urological Sciences, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Mastromarino
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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Secretory leukoprotease inhibitor is required for efficient quercetin-mediated suppression of TNFα secretion. Oncotarget 2018; 7:75800-75809. [PMID: 27716626 PMCID: PMC5342779 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) that in response to microbial infections generate long-lasting adaptive immune response. Following microbial uptake, DCs undergo a cascade of cellular differentiation that ultimately leads to “mature” DCs. Mature DCs produce a variety of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) a key cytokine for the inflammatory cascade. In numerous studies, polyphenols, including quercetin, demonstrated their ability to suppress TNFα secretion and protect from the onset of chronic inflammatory disorders. We show that murine bone marrow derived DCs express Slpi following quercetin exposure. Slpi is known to suppress LPS mediated NFκB activation, thus, it was hypothesized that its expression could be the key step for polyphenol induced inflammatory suppression. Slpi-KO DCs poorly respond to quercetin administration failing to reduce TNFα secretion in response to quercetin exposure. Supernatant from quercetin exposed DCs could also reduce LPS-mediated TNFα secretion by unrelated DCs, but this property is lost using an anti-Slpi antibody. In vivo, oral administration of quercetin is able to induce Slpi expression. Human biopsies from inflamed tract of the intestine reveal the presence of numerous SLPI+ cells and the expression level could be further increased by quercetin administration. We propose that quercetin induces Slpi expression that in turn reduces the inflammatory response. Our data encourages the development of nutritional strategies to improve the efficiency of current therapies for intestinal chronic inflammatory syndrome and reduce the risks of colorectal cancer development.
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Leiva-Juárez MM, Kolls JK, Evans SE. Lung epithelial cells: therapeutically inducible effectors of antimicrobial defense. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:21-34. [PMID: 28812547 PMCID: PMC5738267 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lung epithelial cells are increasingly recognized to be active effectors of microbial defense, contributing to both innate and adaptive immune function in the lower respiratory tract. As immune sentinels, lung epithelial cells detect diverse pathogens through an ample repertoire of membrane-bound, endosomal, and cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). The highly plastic epithelial barrier responds to detected threats via modulation of paracellular flux, intercellular communications, mucin production, and periciliary fluid composition. Epithelial PRR stimulation also induces production of cytokines that recruit and sculpt leukocyte-mediated responses, and promotes epithelial generation of antimicrobial effector molecules that are directly microbicidal. The epithelium can alternately enhance tolerance to pathogens, preventing tissue damage through PRR-induced inhibitory signals, opsonization of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and attenuation of injurious leukocyte responses. The inducibility of these protective responses has prompted attempts to therapeutically harness epithelial defense mechanisms to protect against pneumonias. Recent reports describe successful strategies for manipulation of epithelial defenses to protect against a wide range of respiratory pathogens. The lung epithelium is capable of both significant antimicrobial responses that reduce pathogen burdens and tolerance mechanisms that attenuate immunopathology. This manuscript reviews inducible lung epithelial defense mechanisms that offer opportunities for therapeutic manipulation to protect vulnerable populations against pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel M. Leiva-Juárez
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jay K. Kolls
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Scott E. Evans
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
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45
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Laputková G, Schwartzová V, Bánovčin J, Alexovič M, Sabo J. Salivary Protein Roles in Oral Health and as Predictors of Caries Risk. Open Life Sci 2018; 13:174-200. [PMID: 33817083 PMCID: PMC7874700 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2018-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes the current state of research on the potential relationship between protein content in human saliva and dental caries, which remains among the most common oral diseases and causes irreversible damage in the oral cavity. An understanding the whole saliva proteome in the oral cavity could serve as a prerequisite to obtaining insight into the etiology of tooth decay at early stages. To date, however, there is no comprehensive evidence showing that salivary proteins could serve as potential indicators for the early diagnosis of the risk factors causing dental caries. Therefore, proteomics indicates the promising direction of future investigations of such factors, including diagnosis and thus prevention in dental therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Laputková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, 040 11, Slovakia
| | - Vladimíra Schwartzová
- 1st Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, 040 11, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Bánovčin
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik in Košice, Rastislavova 43, Košice, 041 90, Slovakia
| | - Michal Alexovič
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, 040 11, Slovakia
| | - Ján Sabo
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, 040 11, Slovakia
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46
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Ordonez SR, Veldhuizen EJA, van Eijk M, Haagsman HP. Role of Soluble Innate Effector Molecules in Pulmonary Defense against Fungal Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2098. [PMID: 29163395 PMCID: PMC5671533 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections of the lung are life-threatening but rarely occur in healthy, immunocompetent individuals, indicating efficient clearance by pulmonary defense mechanisms. Upon inhalation, fungi will first encounter the airway surface liquid which contains several soluble effector molecules that form the first barrier of defense against fungal infections. These include host defense peptides, like LL-37 and defensins that can neutralize fungi by direct killing of the pathogen, and collectins, such as surfactant protein A and D, that can aggregate fungi and stimulate phagocytosis. In addition, these molecules have immunomodulatory activities which can aid in fungal clearance from the lung. However, existing observations are based on in vitro studies which do not reflect the complexity of the lung and its airway surface liquid. Ionic strength, pH, and the presence of mucus can have strong detrimental effects on antifungal activity, while the potential synergistic interplay between soluble effector molecules is largely unknown. In this review, we describe the current knowledge on soluble effector molecules that contribute to antifungal activity, the importance of environmental factors and discuss the future directions required to understand the innate antifungal defense in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad R Ordonez
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Martin van Eijk
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Small DM, Doherty DF, Dougan CM, Weldon S, Taggart CC. The role of whey acidic protein four-disulfide-core proteins in respiratory health and disease. Biol Chem 2017; 398:425-440. [PMID: 27930359 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Members of the whey acidic protein (WAP) or WAP four-disulfide-core (WFDC) family of proteins are a relatively under-explored family of low molecular weight proteins. The two most prominent WFDC proteins, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) and elafin (or the precursor, trappin-2), have been shown to possess multiple functions including anti-protease, anti-bacterial, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties. It is therefore of no surprise that both SLPI and elafin/trappin-2 have been developed as potential therapeutics. Given the abundance of SLPI and elafin/trappin-2 in the human lung, most work in the area of WFDC research has focused on the role of WFDC proteins in protecting the lung from proteolytic attack. In this review, we will outline the current evidence regarding the expanding role of WFDC protein function with a focus on WFDC activity in lung disease as well as emerging data regarding the function of some of the more recently described WFDC proteins.
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Scott A, Glasgow A, Small D, Carlile S, McCrudden M, McLean D, Brown R, Doherty D, Lundy FT, Hamid UI, O'Kane CM, McAuley DF, Brodlie M, Tunney M, Elborn JS, Irwin CR, Timson DJ, Taggart CC, Weldon S. Characterisation of eppin function: expression and activity in the lung. Eur Respir J 2017; 50:50/1/1601937. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01937-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Eppin is a serine protease inhibitor expressed in male reproductive tissues.The aim of this study was to investigate the localisation and regulation of eppin expression in myeloid and epithelial cell lines, and explore its potential role as a multifunctional host defence protein.Using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting, eppin was detected in the lungs of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and cystic fibrosis lung disease. Expression of eppin in monocytic cells was unaffected by stimulation with Toll-like receptor agonists, cytokines and hormone receptor agonists. However, upregulated expression and secretion of eppin was observed following treatment of monocytes with epidermal growth factor. Incubation of recombinant eppin with monocytic cells resulted in significant inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced chemokine production. Furthermore, eppin inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-κB activation by a mechanism which involved accumulation of phosphorylated IκBα. In anin vivomodel of lung inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide, eppin administration resulted in decreased recruitment of neutrophils to the lung with a concomitant reduction in the levels of the neutrophil chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-2.Overall, these results suggest a role for eppin outside of the reproductive tract and that eppin may have a role in the innate immune response in the lung.
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Ochi A, Chen D, Schulte W, Leng L, Moeckel N, Piecychna M, Averdunk L, Stoppe C, Bucala R, Moeckel G. MIF-2/D-DT enhances proximal tubular cell regeneration through SLPI- and ATF4-dependent mechanisms. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 313:F767-F780. [PMID: 28539339 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00683.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a cytokine with pleiotropic actions that is produced by several organs and cell types. Depending on the target cell and the inflammatory context, MIF can engage its two component receptor complex CD74 and CD44 and the chemokine receptors CXCR2/4. MIF is constitutively expressed in renal proximal tubular cells, stored in intracellular preformed pools, and released at a low rate. Recently, a second MIF-like protein (i.e., MIF-2/D-DT) has been characterized in mammals. Our study was aimed at examining the role of MIF-2/D-DT, which mediates tissue protection in the heart, in tubular cell regeneration from ischemia-reperfusion injury. We found that Mif-/-, Mif-2-/-, and Cd74-/- mice had significantly worse tubular injury compared with wild-type (WT) control mice and that treatment with MIF-2/D-DT significantly improved recovery of injured epithelial cells. RNAseq analysis of kidney tissue from the ischemia-reperfusion injury model revealed that MIF-2/D-DT treatment stimulates secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor (SLPI) and cyclin D1 expression. MIF-2/D-DT additionally activates of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 2α and activating transcription factor (ATF) 4, two transcription factors involved in the integrated stress response (ISR), which is a cellular stress response activated by hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, and oxygen radicals. MIF-2/D-DT also inhibited apoptosis and induced autophagy in hypoxia-treated mouse proximal tubular (MPT) cells. These results indicate that MIF-2/D-DT is an important factor in tubular cell regeneration and may be of therapeutic utility as a regenerative agent in the clinical setting of ischemic acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Ochi
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Wibke Schulte
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Lin Leng
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Nickolas Moeckel
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Marta Piecychna
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Luisa Averdunk
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Stoppe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Richard Bucala
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Gilbert Moeckel
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut;
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Gohy ST, Hupin C, Pilette C, Ladjemi MZ. Chronic inflammatory airway diseases: the central role of the epithelium revisited. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:529-42. [PMID: 27021118 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium plays a critical role for the maintenance of airway integrity and defense against inhaled particles. Physical barrier provided by apical junctions and mucociliary clearance clears inhaled pathogens, allergens or toxics, to prevent continuous stimulation of adaptive immune responses. The "chemical barrier", consisting of several anti-microbial factors such as lysozyme and lactoferrin, constitutes another protective mechanism of the mucosae against external aggressions before adaptive immune response starts. The reconstruction of damaged respiratory epithelium is crucial to restore this barrier. This review examines the role of the airway epithelium through recent advances in health and chronic inflammatory diseases in the lower conducting airways (in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Better understanding of normal and altered epithelial functions continuously provides new insights into the physiopathology of chronic airway diseases and should help to identify new epithelial-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Gohy
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Pneumology, Cliniques universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Hupin
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Pilette
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Pneumology, Cliniques universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.,Institute for Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Z Ladjemi
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Brussels, Belgium.,Institute for Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Brussels, Belgium
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