1
|
Maxson ME, Das L, Goldberg MF, Porcelli SA, Chan J, Jacobs WR. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Central Metabolism Is Key Regulator of Macrophage Pyroptosis and Host Immunity. Pathogens 2023; 12:1109. [PMID: 37764917 PMCID: PMC10535942 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysregulation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis results in increased macrophage apoptosis or pyroptosis. However, mechanistic links between Mycobacterium virulence and bacterial metabolic plasticity remain ill defined. In this study, we screened random transposon insertions of M. bovis BCG to identify mutants that induce pyroptotic death of the infected macrophage. Analysis of the transposon insertion sites identified a panel of fdr (functioning death repressor) genes, which were shown in some cases to encode functions central to Mycobacterium metabolism. In-depth studies of one fdr gene, fdr8 (BCG3787/Rv3727), demonstrated its important role in the maintenance of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis BCG redox balance in reductive stress conditions in the host. Our studies expand the subset of known Mycobacterium genes linking bacterial metabolic plasticity to virulence and also reveal that the broad induction of pyroptosis by an intracellular bacterial pathogen is linked to enhanced cellular immunity in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E. Maxson
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada;
| | - Lahari Das
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (L.D.); (S.A.P.)
| | | | - Steven A. Porcelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (L.D.); (S.A.P.)
| | - John Chan
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, 205 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA;
| | - William R. Jacobs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (L.D.); (S.A.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu D, Wang Y, Hu J, Xu Y, Gong D, Wu P, Dong J, He B, Qian H, Wang G. Rab26 promotes macrophage phagocytosis through regulation of MFN2 trafficking to mitochondria. FEBS J 2023; 290:4023-4039. [PMID: 37060270 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an inflammatory disorder of the lungs caused by bacterial or viral infection. Timely phagocytosis and clearance of pathogens by macrophages are important in controlling inflammation and alleviating ARDS. However, the precise mechanism of macrophage phagocytosis remains to be explored. Here, we show that the expression of Rab26 is increased in Escherichia coli- or Pseudomonas aeruginosa-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages. Knocking out Rab26 reduced phagocytosis and bacterial clearance by macrophages. Rab26 interacts with mitochondrial fusion protein mitofusin-2 (MFN2) and affects mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation by regulating MFN2 transport. The levels of MFN2 in mitochondria were reduced in Rab26-deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages, and the levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and ATP were significantly decreased. Knocking down MFN2 using small interfering RNA resulted in decreased phagocytosis and killing ability of macrophages. Rab26 knockout reduced phagocytosis and bacterial clearance by macrophages in vivo, significantly increased inflammatory factors, aggravated lung tissue damage, and increased mortality in mice. Our results demonstrate that Rab26 regulates phagocytosis and clearance of bacteria by mediating the transport of MFN2 to mitochondria in macrophages, thus alleviating ARDS in mice and potentially in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Junxian Hu
- Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhang Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Daohui Gong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Junkang Dong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Binfeng He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Qian
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Guansong Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kratzer B, Grabmeier-Pfistershammer K, Trapin D, Körmöczi U, Rottal A, Feichter M, Waidhofer-Söllner P, Smogavec M, Laccone F, Hauser M, Winkler S, Pickl WF, Lechner AM. Mycobacterium avium Complex Infections: Detailed Phenotypic and Functional Immunological Work-Up Is Required despite Genetic Analyses. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2023; 184:914-931. [PMID: 37279717 DOI: 10.1159/000530844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cervical scrofulous lymphadenitis due to Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) in immunocompetent adults is a rare disease. The presence of MAC infections demands meticulous clinical evaluation of patients along with detailed phenotypic and functional evaluation of their immune system including next-generation sequencing (NGS) analyses of target genes. METHODS Exact clinical histories of the index patients both suffering from retromandibular/cervical scrofulous lymphadenitis were obtained along with phenotypic and functional immunological evaluations of leukocyte populations followed by targeted NGS-based sequencing of candidate genes. RESULTS Immunological investigations showed normal serum immunoglobulin and complement levels, but lymphopenia, which was caused by significantly reduced CD3+CD4+CD45RO+ memory T-cell and CD19+ B-cell numbers. Despite normal T-cell proliferation to a number of accessory cell-dependent and -independent stimuli, the PBMC of both patients elaborated clearly reduced levels of a number of cytokines, including IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-1α, IL-1β, and TNF-α upon TCR-dependent T-cell stimulation with CD3-coated beads but also superantigens. The IFN-γ production deficiency was confirmed for CD3+CD4+ helper and CD4+CD8+ cytotoxic T cells on the single-cell level by multiparametric flow cytometry irrespective of whether PMA/ionomycin-stimulated whole blood cells or gradient-purified PBMC was analyzed. In the female patient L1, targeted NGS-based sequencing revealed a homozygous c.110T>C mutation in the interferon-γ receptor type 1 (IFNGR1) leading to significantly reduced receptor expression on both CD14+ monocytes and CD3+ T cells. Patient S2 presented with normal IFNGR1 expression on CD14+ monocytes but significantly reduced IFNGR1 expression on CD3+ T cells, despite the absence of detectable homozygous mutations in the IFNGR1 itself or disease-related target genes. Exogenous addition of increasing doses of IFN-γ resulted in proper upregulation of high-affinity FcγRI (CD64) on monocytes from patient S2, whereas monocytes from patient L1 showed only partial induction of CD64 expression after incubation with high doses of IFN-γ. CONCLUSION A detailed phenotypic and functional immunological examination is urgently required to determine the cause of a clinically relevant immunodeficiency, despite detailed genetic analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Kratzer
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Doris Trapin
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Körmöczi
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arno Rottal
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Melanie Feichter
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Waidhofer-Söllner
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mateja Smogavec
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franco Laccone
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Hauser
- Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Biosciences, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stefan Winkler
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Winfried F Pickl
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner University, Krems, Austria
| | - Arno M Lechner
- Paracelsus University Salzburg, University Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, Salzburg, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Periocular Infection of Mycobacterium avium Complex in a Patient with Interferon-γ Autoantibodies: A Case Report. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58070846. [PMID: 35888565 PMCID: PMC9324542 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58070846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The neutralizing anti-interferon-γ autoantibody (nAIGA)-associated immunodeficiency is an emerging entity frequently associated with the nontuberculosis mycobacterium (NTM) infection and other opportunistic infections. We present a female patient with a mysterious periocular Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection, accompanied by sequential opportunistic infections including Salmollelosis and herpes zoster infection. Her condition stabilized after long-term antimycobacterial treatment. Nevertheless, neutralizing anti-interferon-γ autoantibody was found in her serum, which was compatible with the scenario of adult-onset immunodeficiency.
Collapse
|
5
|
Xin L, Liu C, Zhang H, Qiu L, Wang L, Song L. The characterization of an interleukin-12 p35 homolog involved in the immune modulation of oyster Crassostrea gigas. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 123:104145. [PMID: 34051203 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrate interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a heterodimeric cytokine composing of two subunits (p35 and p40). In the present study, a p35-like subunit homolog of vertebrate IL-12 was identified from oyster Crassostrea gigas (designated as CgIL12p35L), with an open reading frame of 411 bp encoding a putative peptide of 136 amino acids. There was a long four-helix chain in CgIL12p35L, which was similar as that in vertebrate IL-12 p35. Comparative genomic analysis showed that there were conservative kinds of syntenic genes flanked CgIL12p35L. The mRNA transcripts of CgIL12p35L were constitutively expressed in various tissues and its mRNA expression level in haemocytes increased significantly after bacteria challenge. The activity of haemolymph to eliminate bacteria from the oysters treated with recombinant CgIL12p35L protein (rCgIL12p35L) in vivo increased significantly. The results collectively indicated that the homolog of vertebrate IL-12 p35 subunit existed in oysters, and it was involved in immune defense against bacteria challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lusheng Xin
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Limei Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, Macrophages, and Host Innate Immune Response. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0081220. [PMID: 34097459 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00812-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are considered opportunistic infections, incidence and prevalence of NTM infection are increasing worldwide becoming a major public health threat. Innate immunity plays an essential role in mediating the initial host response against these intracellular bacteria. Specifically, macrophages phagocytose and eliminate NTM and act as antigen-presenting cells, which trigger downstream activation of cellular and humoral adaptive immune responses. Identification of macrophage receptors, mycobacterial ligands, phagosome maturation, autophagy/necrosis, and escape mechanisms are important components of this immunity network. The role of the macrophage in mycobacterial disease has mainly been studied in tuberculosis (TB), but limited information exists on its role in NTM. In this review, we focus on NTM immunity, the role of macrophages, and host interaction in NTM infection.
Collapse
|
7
|
Syenina A, Saron WAA, Jagaraj CJ, Bibi S, Arock M, Gubler DJ, Rathore APS, Abraham SN, St. John AL. Th1-Polarized, Dengue Virus-Activated Human Mast Cells Induce Endothelial Transcriptional Activation and Permeability. Viruses 2020; 12:v12121379. [PMID: 33276578 PMCID: PMC7761533 DOI: 10.3390/v12121379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV), an arbovirus, strongly activates mast cells (MCs), which are key immune cells for pathogen immune surveillance. In animal models, MCs promote clearance of local peripheral DENV infections but, conversely, also promote pathological vascular leakage when widely activated during systemic DENV infection. Since DENV is a human pathogen, we sought to ascertain whether a similar phenomenon could occur in humans by characterizing the products released by human MCs (huMCs) upon direct (antibody-independent) DENV exposure, using the phenotypically mature huMC line, ROSA. DENV did not productively infect huMCs but prompted huMC release of proteases and eicosanoids and induced a Th1-polarized transcriptional profile. In co-culture and trans-well systems, huMC products activated human microvascular endothelial cells, involving transcription of vasoactive mediators and increased monolayer permeability. This permeability was blocked by MC-stabilizing drugs, or limited by drugs targeting certain MC products. Thus, MC stabilizers are a viable strategy to limit MC-promoted vascular leakage during DENV infection in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesa Syenina
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (A.S.); (W.A.A.S.); (C.J.J.); (D.J.G.); (S.N.A.)
| | - Wilfried A. A. Saron
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (A.S.); (W.A.A.S.); (C.J.J.); (D.J.G.); (S.N.A.)
| | - Cyril J. Jagaraj
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (A.S.); (W.A.A.S.); (C.J.J.); (D.J.G.); (S.N.A.)
| | - Siham Bibi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, LBPA CNRS UMR8113, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, 94235 Cachan, France; (S.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Michel Arock
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, LBPA CNRS UMR8113, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, 94235 Cachan, France; (S.B.); (M.A.)
- Laboratory of Hematology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Pierre et Marie Curie University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Duane J. Gubler
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (A.S.); (W.A.A.S.); (C.J.J.); (D.J.G.); (S.N.A.)
| | - Abhay P. S. Rathore
- Pathology Department, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Soman N. Abraham
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (A.S.); (W.A.A.S.); (C.J.J.); (D.J.G.); (S.N.A.)
- Pathology Department, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
- Immunology Department, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Departments, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ashley L. St. John
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (A.S.); (W.A.A.S.); (C.J.J.); (D.J.G.); (S.N.A.)
- Pathology Department, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Toll-like receptor 2 polymorphisms and their effect on the immune response to ESAT-6, Pam3CSK4 TLR2 agonist in pulmonary tuberculosis patients and household contacts. Cytokine 2020; 126:154897. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
9
|
Ramos SJ, Woodward MC, Wakamatsu N, Bolin SR, Friedman ML. Cutaneous manifestation of
Mycobacterium avium
complex infection in an Australian shepherd dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2019-000934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara J Ramos
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesLouisiana State University School of Veterinary MedicineBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Michelle C Woodward
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesLouisiana State University School of Veterinary MedicineBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Nobuko Wakamatsu
- Department of Pathobiological SciencesLouisiana State University School of Veterinary MedicineBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Steven R Bolin
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic InvestigationMichigan State University College of Veterinary MedicineEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Matsumoto M, Kubota T, Fujita S, Shiozaki K, Kishida S, Yamamoto A. Elucidation of the Interleukin 12 Production Mechanism during Intracellular Bacterial Infection in Amberjack, Seriola dumerili. Infect Immun 2019; 87:e00459-19. [PMID: 31501250 PMCID: PMC6803335 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00459-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular bacterial infections affect all vertebrates. Cultured fish are particularly vulnerable because no effective protection measures have been established since such infections emerged approximately 50 years ago. As in other vertebrates, the induction of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) plays an important role in protecting fish against infection. However, details of the mechanism of CMI induction in fish have not been clarified. In the present study, we focused on the production of interleukin 12 (IL-12), an important factor in CMI induction in fish. Using several different approaches, we investigated IL-12 regulation in amberjack (Seriola dumerili), the species most vulnerable to intracellular bacterial disease. The results of promoter assays and transcription factor gene expression analyses showed that the expression of interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) is necessary for IL-12 production. Phagocytosis of living cells (LCs) of Nocardia seriolae bacteria induced IL-12 production in neutrophils, accompanied by IRF-1 and AP-1 gene expression. Bacteria in which the exported repetitive protein (Erp)-like gene was deleted (Δerp-L) could not establish intracellular parasitism or induce IRF-1 and AP-1 expression or IL-12 production, despite being phagocytosed by neutrophils. These data suggest that IL-12 production is regulated by (i) two transcription factors, IRF-1 and AP-1, (ii) phagocytosis of LCs by neutrophils, and (iii) one or more cell components of LCs. Our results enhance the understanding of the immune response to intracellular bacterial infections in vertebrates and could facilitate the discovery of new agents to prevent intracellular bacterial disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Matsumoto
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Taisei Kubota
- Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Sinsuke Fujita
- Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shiozaki
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shosei Kishida
- Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamamoto
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kuthiah N, Chaozer E. Hypercalcaemia secondary to disseminated Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium fortuitum. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2019; 49:217-221. [PMID: 31497789 DOI: 10.4997/jrcpe.2019.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection is on the rise with many cases still going unreported. Given the vague and nonspecific clinical features of NTM infections, it is often missed or mistaken for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The presumption that NTM infections are benign and do not contribute to morbidity no longer holds true. NTM infections need to be considered in patients with disseminated multisystem disease and in those not responding to standard M. tuberculosis treatment. As NTM infection is associated with granuloma formation, it can result in hypercalcaemia. Interestingly, there is evidence that there may be other mechanisms in play contributing to hypercalcaemia besides the increased calcitriol levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navin Kuthiah
- WHC Office, Level 5, Tower E, Yishun Community Hospital, 2 Yishun Central 2, 768024, Singapore,
| | - Er Chaozer
- Internal Medicine, Woodlands Health Campus, Yishun, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tavalire HF, Hoal EG, le Roex N, van Helden PD, Ezenwa VO, Jolles AE. Risk alleles for tuberculosis infection associate with reduced immune reactivity in a wild mammalian host. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20190914. [PMID: 31311473 PMCID: PMC6661349 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrating biological processes across scales remains a central challenge in disease ecology. Genetic variation drives differences in host immune responses, which, along with environmental factors, generates temporal and spatial infection patterns in natural populations that epidemiologists seek to predict and control. However, genetics and immunology are typically studied in model systems, whereas population-level patterns of infection status and susceptibility are uniquely observable in nature. Despite obvious causal connections, organizational scales from genes to host outcomes to population patterns are rarely linked explicitly. Here we identify two loci near genes involved in macrophage (phagocyte) activation and pathogen degradation that additively increase risk of bovine tuberculosis infection by up to ninefold in wild African buffalo. Furthermore, we observe genotype-specific variation in IL-12 production indicative of variation in macrophage activation. Here, we provide measurable differences in infection resistance at multiple scales by characterizing the genetic and inflammatory variation driving patterns of infection in a wild mammal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah F. Tavalire
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Eileen G. Hoal
- South African Medical Research Council, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Nikki le Roex
- South African Medical Research Council, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Paul D. van Helden
- South African Medical Research Council, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Vanessa O. Ezenwa
- Odum School of Ecology and Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Anna E. Jolles
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Merola JF, Espinoza LR, Fleischmann R. Distinguishing rheumatoid arthritis from psoriatic arthritis. RMD Open 2018; 4:e000656. [PMID: 30167326 PMCID: PMC6109814 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2018-000656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have key differences in clinical presentation, radiographic findings, comorbidities and pathogenesis to distinguish between these common forms of chronic inflammatory arthritis. Joint involvement is typically, but not always, asymmetric in PsA, while it is predominantly symmetric in RA. Bone erosions, without new bone growth, and cervical spine involvement are distinctive of RA, while axial spine involvement, psoriasis and nail dystrophy are distinctive of PsA. Patients with PsA typically have seronegative test findings for rheumatoid factor (RF) and cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies, while approximately 80% of patients with RA have positive findings for RF and CCP antibodies. Although there is overlap in the pathogenesis of PsA and RA, differences are also present that affect the efficacy of treatment. In PsA, levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-22, IL-23, interferon-γ and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are elevated, and in RA, levels of IL-1, IL-6, IL-22, IL-33, TNF-α, chemokine ligand 11 and chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 13 are elevated. Differences in the pathogenesis of RA and PsA translate into some variances in the specificity and efficacy of therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Merola
- Department of Dermatology, Medicine and Rheumatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Luis R Espinoza
- Section of Rheumatology, LSU Health Sciences Center at New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Roy Fleischmann
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Metroplex Clinical Research Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yang R, Yang E, Shen L, Modlin RL, Shen H, Chen ZW. IL-12+IL-18 Cosignaling in Human Macrophages and Lung Epithelial Cells Activates Cathelicidin and Autophagy, Inhibiting Intracellular Mycobacterial Growth. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:2405-2417. [PMID: 29453279 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to block host antimicrobial responses in infected cells provides a key mechanism for disease pathogenesis. The immune system has evolved to overcome this blockade to restrict the infection, but it is not clear whether two key innate cytokines (IL-12/IL-18) involved in host defense can enhance antimycobacterial mechanisms. In this study, we demonstrated that the combination of IL-12 and IL-18 triggered an antimicrobial response against mycobacteria in infected macrophages (THP-1 and human primary monocyte-derived macrophages) and pulmonary epithelial A549 cells. The inhibition of intracellular bacterial growth required p38-MAPK and STAT4 pathways, the vitamin D receptor, the vitamin D receptor-derived antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin, and autophagy, but not caspase-mediated apoptosis. Finally, the ability of IL-12+IL-18 to activate an innate antimicrobial response in human primary macrophages was dependent on the autonomous production of IFN-γ and the CAMP/autophagy pathway. Together, these data suggest that IL-12+IL-18 cosignaling can trigger the antimicrobial protein cathelicidin and autophagy, resulting in inhibition of intracellular mycobacteria in macrophages and lung epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Unit of Anti-Tuberculosis Immunity, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Enzhuo Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Ling Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Robert L Modlin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.,Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; and
| | - Hongbo Shen
- Unit of Anti-Tuberculosis Immunity, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China;
| | - Zheng W Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612.,Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai 200031, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Babu PP, Kumar PS, Mohan A, Kumar BS, Sarma PVGK. Novel mutations in the exon 5, intron 2 and 3' UTR regions of IL-12B gene were observed in clinically proven tuberculosis patients of south India. Cytokine 2017; 99:50-58. [PMID: 28697396 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is formed by the interaction of IL-12p35 and IL-12p40 expressed independently from IL-12A and IL-12B genes. This interleukin plays prominent role in the T-helper type-1 (Th1) response against intracellular pathogens. Variations in IL-12B gene causes disruption of various activities one of them is suppression of Th1 response and is one of the characteristic features observed in patients with active tuberculosis. Hence, in the present study IL-12B gene status was evaluated in 50 new sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients (NSP-PTB) as identified by Ziehl-Nielsen (ZN) staining and 50 apparently healthy control subjects (HCS) who were sputum smear-negative. The sequence analysis showed novel missense mutations p.Ser205Ile, p.Leu206Glu, p.Pro207Ser, p.Glu209Lys, p.Val210Ser, p.(Ser205_Cys327delinsIleGlu) and p.(Lys217_Leu218delinsIle) were found in exon 5 of the IL-12B gene in nine patients resulting formation of inactive IL-12 and three patients showed novel frame shift mutations p.(Asn222Leufs∗23) in exon 5 of causing the formation of truncated protein. Several mutations were noted in intron 2 of the IL-12B gene in 5 patients and in 13 patients mutations were observed in 3' UTR region. All together 30/50 patients (60%) showed mutations in IL-12B gene. Decreased levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and IL-12 as determined by ELISA and flow cytometry were observed in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture supernatants in TB patients having mutations compared with control subjects. Further, in silico analysis revealed due to frame shift mutations in exon 5 at Asn222 resulted in deletion of functional fibronectin type-III (FN3) domain which leads to formation of inactive IL-12 in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pallipamu Prakash Babu
- Department of Medicine, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517507, India
| | - Pasupuleti Santhosh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517507, India
| | - Alladi Mohan
- Department of Medicine, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517507, India
| | - Bhattaram Siddhartha Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517507, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Saadi S, Assarehzadegan MA, Pipelzadeh MH, Hadaddezfuli R. Induction of IL-12 from human monocytes after stimulation with Androctonus crassicauda scorpion venom. Toxicon 2015; 106:117-21. [PMID: 26415903 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity of venom from Androctonus crassicauda to induce expression/production of interleukin (IL)-12 by isolated human monocytes. For this purpose, isolated human monocytes were exposed to different concentrations of the venom (0.16-20 μg/ml) for varying periods (6, 12, and 24 h). Apart from measures of venom cytotoxicity (i.e., lactase dehydrogenase activity [LDH] release), measures of IL-12 p40 mRNA (by Real-time PCR) of IL-12 release (by ELISA) were performed. The results showed that the venom produced significant concentration- and duration of incubation-dependent cytotoxicity. Expression of IL-12 p40 mRNA was significantly increased at all exposure timepoints relative to that in unexposed cells, but was maximal after 6 h of exposure. At that timepoint, the effect from a dose of 2.5 μg venom/ml provided the maximal increase among all doses tested. At the level of the protein itself, IL-12 production remained almost consistently elevated (vs. unexposed control values) across all exposure timepoints, with the greatest formation again occurring after 6 h of incubation at a dose of 2.5 μg venom/ml. The findings from this study demonstrated that venom from the A. crassicauda scorpion contained active constituents that could induce a sustained activation of human monocytes that was manifested, in part, as promotion of the expression/production of IL-12.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samahir Saadi
- Department of Biology, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Ali Assarehzadegan
- Department of Immunology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Department of Immunology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hassan Pipelzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Reza Hadaddezfuli
- Department of Immunology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kim BJ, Shim TS, Yi SY, Kim HC, Kim BR, Lee SY, Kook YH, Kim BJ. Mycobacterium massiliense Type II genotype leads to higher level of colony forming units and TNF-α secretion from human monocytes than Type I genotype. APMIS 2015; 123:895-902. [PMID: 26303945 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we introduced a novel Mycobacterium massiliense Type II genotype from Korean patients, in which all isolates showed only a rough (R) colony morphotype. In this study, we sought to compare clinical factors and virulence potentials of two genotypes of M. massiliense, Type I and Type II. Patients infected with Type II tend to be younger at infection than those infected with Type I (56.7 vs 62.3, p = 0.051). Type II was more significantly related to R colony type than Type I (34.1% vs 94.1%, p < 0.001). The Type II strain showed significantly more colony forming units (CFUs) and higher levels of TNF-α secretion in infection of human monocytes than the Type I strain. The challenge of extracted glycopeptidolipid (GPL) into human monocytes indicated that the loss of GPL from the cell wall of the Type II genotype led to a higher level of TNF-α secretion in a toll-like receptor 2(TLR2)-dependent manner. Taken together, our data suggest that the M. massiliense Type II genotype shows higher virulence than Type I, which may be due to the induction of TNF-α via the loss of GPL from the Type II cell wall.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Jun Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences, Liver Research Institute and Cancer Research Institute, Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center (SNUMRC), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Sun Shim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Yi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences, Liver Research Institute and Cancer Research Institute, Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center (SNUMRC), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Cheol Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences, Liver Research Institute and Cancer Research Institute, Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center (SNUMRC), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences, Liver Research Institute and Cancer Research Institute, Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center (SNUMRC), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-Hoh Kook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences, Liver Research Institute and Cancer Research Institute, Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center (SNUMRC), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bum-Joon Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences, Liver Research Institute and Cancer Research Institute, Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center (SNUMRC), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Noncystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:197950. [PMID: 26106603 PMCID: PMC4461751 DOI: 10.1155/2015/197950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
During the past decades, a growing interest has been raised in evaluating nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in patients with noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFBE). This paper reviews several aspects of the correlations between NTM and NCFBE, including pathogenesis, radiological features, diagnosis, and management. Bronchiectasis and NTM lung disease are connected, but which one comes first is still an unresolved question. The rate of NTM lung disease in NCFBE varies through the studies, from 5% to 30%. The most frequent species isolated is MAC. NCFBE patients affected by NTM infection frequently present coinfections, including both other different NTM species and microorganisms, such as P. aeruginosa. Once a diagnosis of NTM disease has been reached, the initiation of therapy is not always mandatory. NTM species isolated, patients' conditions, and disease severity and its evolution should be considered. Risk factors for disease progression in NCFBE patients with NTM are low body mass index, cavitary disease, consolidations, and macrolide resistance at presentation.
Collapse
|
19
|
Hadaddezfuli R, Khodadadi A, Assarehzadegan MA, Pipelzadeh MH, Saadi S. Hemiscorpius lepturus venom induces expression and production of interluckin-12 in human monocytes. Toxicon 2015; 100:27-31. [PMID: 25912944 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity of the venom from Hemiscorpius lepturus to induce expression and production of interleukin-12 (IL-12) on isolated human monocytes. For this purpose, isolated human monocytes (250,000-300,000 cells/ml) were exposed to different concentrations of the venom (0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 μg/ml) in 96-well plates for varying incubation periods (6, 12, and 24 h). The end point of assessment included LDH cytotoxicity assay, measurement of expression of IL-12,p40 mRNA by real-time PCR, and quantification of IL-12 release using sandwich ELISA technique. The results showed that this venom produced concentration- and time of incubation-dependent cytotoxicity. The level of enhancement of expression and production of IL-12 were found significantly higher with lowest concentration and after 6 h of incubation. The findings demonstrated that the venom from this scorpion contains active constituents which can direct the immune system to produce IL-12.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Hadaddezfuli
- Toxicology Research Center and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Khodadadi
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hassan Pipelzadeh
- Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University and Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Samahir Saadi
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wu YE, Du ZR, Cai YM, Peng WG, Zheng GZ, Zheng GL, Wu LB, Li K. Effective expansion of forkhead box P3⁺ regulatory T cells via early secreted antigenic target 6 and antigen 85 complex B from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:3134-42. [PMID: 25483347 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.3033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The expansion of CD4+ CD25+ forkhead box (FOX)P3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells has been observed in patients with Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis; however, the mechanism of expansion remains to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of the early secreted antigenic target 6(ESAT‑6) and antigen 85 complex B (Ag85B) from M. tuberculosis on Treg cell expansion. To investigate the sensitivity of peripheral blood cultures to the M. tuberculosis ESAT‑6 and Ag85B antigens, the proportion of circulating CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ Treg cells was determined using flow cytometry and the levels of FOXP3 mRNA were determined using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The mRNA levels of FOXP3 and the proportion of circulating CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ Treg cells were increased in multiplicitous drug‑resistant tuberculosis patients compared with those in healthy controls and patients with latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI) (P<0.001). The mycobacterial antigens ESAT‑6 and Ag85B increased the expansion of the CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ Treg cells and the mRNA levels of FOXP3 in healthy controls and LTBI patients compared with the effect of Bacillus Calmette‑Guerin (P<0.05). Additionally, the mRNA levels of FOXP3 were elevated in the LTBI patients following stimulations with the mycobacterial antigens (P=0.012). Therefore, the M. tuberculosis antigens ESAT‑6 and Ag85B induced CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ Treg‑cell expansion, particularly in patients with LTBI. These findings indicated that CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ Treg cells may have a primary role in the failure of the host immune system to eradicate M. tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-E Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Ren Du
- Information Department, Fengtai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100013, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Mu Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Guang Peng
- Department of Chest Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Shantou City, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Gao-Zhe Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Geng-Long Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515031, P.R. China
| | - Li-Biao Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515031, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
BoseDasgupta S, Pieters J. Striking the Right Balance Determines TB or Not TB. Front Immunol 2014; 5:455. [PMID: 25339950 PMCID: PMC4189424 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis continues to be one of the most successful pathogens on earth. Upon inhalation of M. tuberculosis by a healthy individual, the host immune system will attempt to eliminate these pathogens using a combination of immune defense strategies. These include the recruitment of macrophages and other phagocytes to the site of infection, production of cytokines that enhance the microbicidal capacity of the macrophages, as well as the activation of distinct subsets of leukocytes that work in concert to fight the infection. However, being as successful as it is, M. tuberculosis has evolved numerous strategies to subvert host immunity at virtual every level. As a consequence, one third of the world inhabitants carry M. tuberculosis, and tuberculosis continuous to cause disease in more than 8 million people with deadly consequences in well over 1 million patients each year. In this review, we discuss several of the strategies that M. tuberculosis employs to circumvent host immunity, as well as describe some of the mechanisms that the host uses to counter such subversive strategies. As for many other infectious diseases, the ultimate outcome is usually defined by the relative strength of the virulence strategies employed by the tubercle bacillus versus the arsenal of immune defense mechanisms of the infected host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean Pieters
- Biozentrum, University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bystron J, Hermanová Z, Szotkovská J, Heller L, Pazderová D. Effect of Ribosomal Immunotherapy on the Clinical Condition and Plasma Levels of Cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-12 and IFNgamma and Total IgE in Patients with Seasonal Allergy during the Pollen Season. Clin Drug Investig 2012; 24:761-4. [PMID: 17523740 DOI: 10.2165/00044011-200424120-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Bystron
- Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause worldwide of human mortality attributable to a single infectious agent. Recent studies targeting candidate genes and "case-control" association have revealed numerous polymorphisms implicated in host susceptibility to TB. Here, we review current progress in the understanding of causative polymorphisms in host innate immune genes associated with TB pathogenesis. We discuss genes encoding several types of proteins: macrophage receptors, such as the mannose receptor (MR, CD206), dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN, CD209), Dectin-1, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), complement receptor 3 (CR3, CD11b/CD18), nucleotide oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) and NOD2, CD14, P2X7, and the vitamin D nuclear receptor (VDR); soluble C-type lectins, such as surfactant protein-A (SP-A), SP-D, and mannose-binding lectin (MBL); phagocyte cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-18; chemokines, such as IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), RANTES, and CXCL10; and other important innate immune molecules, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and solute carrier protein 11A1 (SLC11A1). Polymorphisms in these genes have been variably associated with susceptibility to TB among different populations. This apparent variability is probably accounted for by evolutionary selection pressure as a result of long-term host-pathogen interactions in certain regions or populations and, in part, by lack of proper study design and limited knowledge of molecular and functional effects of the implicated genetic variants. Finally, we discuss genomic technologies that hold promise for resolving questions regarding the evolutionary paths of the human genome, functional effects of polymorphisms, and corollary impacts of adaptation on human health, ultimately leading to novel approaches to controlling TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abul K. Azad
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology
| | - Wolfgang Sadee
- Department of Pharmacology, Program in Pharmacogenomics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Larry S. Schlesinger
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cytokine and CXC chemokine expression patterns in aqueous humor of patients with presumed tuberculous uveitis. Cytokine 2012; 59:377-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
25
|
Sharma M, Bose M, Abhimanyu, Sharma L, Diwakar A, Kumar S, Gaur SN, Banavalikar JN. Intracellular survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages is modulated by phenotype of the pathogen and immune status of the host. Int J Mycobacteriol 2012; 1:65-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmyco.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
|
26
|
Katti MK. Assessment of serum IL-1, IL-2 and IFN-γ levels in untreated pulmonary tuberculosis patients: role in pathogenesis. Arch Med Res 2011; 42:199-201. [PMID: 21722815 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2011.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Tuberculosis (Tb) infection is controlled by cell-mediated immunity through mediation of IL-1, IL-2 and IFN-γ. In this study IL-1, IL-2 and IFN-γ were determined in serum samples of untreated pulmonary Tb and control group including apparently healthy individuals or contacts and normal healthy blood donors with an objective of understanding defect(s), if any, in synthesis of any of these cytokines that may lead to a diseased state of Tb. METHODS IL-1, IL-2 and IFN-γ were measured in serum samples of untreated Tb patients (n=33), contacts (n=19) and healthy individuals (n=20) by commercially available monoclonal antibody-based ELISA. RESULTS Statistically significant differences in IL-1 and IFN-γ concentrations between groups of pulmonary Tb and controls were observed, whereas no significant difference in IL-2 was seen. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, increased levels of cytokines in patients with pulmonary Tb are indicative of Th1 response. An increased level of cytokine (IFN-γ) in patients with untreated pulmonary Tb appears to be functionally defective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muralidhar K Katti
- Department of Microbiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Simone R, Barbarat B, Rabellino A, Icardi G, Bagnasco M, Pesce G, Olive D, Saverino D. Ligation of the BT3 molecules, members of the B7 family, enhance the proinflammatory responses of human monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Mol Immunol 2010; 48:109-18. [PMID: 20947169 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BT3 is a new family of immunoreceptors belonging to the extended B7 family. BT3 molecules are expressed on the surface of resting and activated monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (iDC). We show that BT3 cross-linking, in the absence of other survival factors, provides a survival signal for monocytes and iDC and induces up-regulation of costimulatory molecules, such as CD80 and CD86, and HLA-DR. We further analyzed the effects of BT3 cross-linking on various proinflammatory responses on monocytes and iDC. The results obtained showed that BT3 engagement is able to modulate the production of IL8/CXCL8, IL-1β and IL-12/p70. Moreover, we demonstrated a synergistic effect between BT3 and Toll-like receptors ligands on both monocytes and iDC in up-regulating the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Thus, BT3 could be involved in the regulation of the balance between immune activation and suppression. A better understanding of its physiological role of these families of receptors awaits the precise identification of the nature, origin, expression, and distribution of their ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Simone
- Department of Experimental Medicine - Section of Human Anatomy, University of Genova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Marino S, Myers A, Flynn JL, Kirschner DE. TNF and IL-10 are major factors in modulation of the phagocytic cell environment in lung and lymph node in tuberculosis: a next-generation two-compartmental model. J Theor Biol 2010; 265:586-98. [PMID: 20510249 PMCID: PMC3150786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the earliest recorded human diseases and still one of the deadliest worldwide. Its causative agent is the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Cytokine-mediated macrophage activation is a necessary step in control of bacterial growth, and early immunologic events in lymph node and lung are crucial to the outcome of infection, although the factors that influence these environments and the immune response are poorly understood. Our goal is to build the next-generation two-compartmental model of the immune response to provide a gateway to more spatial and mechanistic investigations of M. tuberculosis infection in the LN and lung. Crucial immune factors emerge that affect macrophage populations and inflammation, namely TNF-dependent recruitment and apoptosis, and IL-10 levels. Surprisingly, bacterial load plays a less important role than TNF in increasing the population of infected macrophages and inflammation. Using a mathematical model, it is possible to distinguish the effects of pro-inflammatory (TNF) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines on the spectrum of phagocyte populations (macrophages and dendritic cells) in the lung and lymph node. Our results suggest that TNF is a major mediator of recruitment of phagocytes to the lungs. In contrast, IL-10 plays a role in balancing the dominant macrophage phenotype in LN and lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simeone Marino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0620, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
El-Masry S, Lotfy M, Samy M, Moawia S, El-Sayed IH, Khamees IM. Pattern of matrix metalloproteinases-9, P53 and BCL-2 proteins in Egyptian patients with pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2010; 57:123-33. [PMID: 20587385 DOI: 10.1556/amicr.57.2010.2.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) constitute a large family of enzymes that degrade extracellular matrix proteins (ECM). MMPs are implicated in different pathological conditions such as cancer. Bcl-2 and P53 are key controllers of programmed cell death (PCD) or apoptosis. The aim of the present study was to determine the MMP-9, P53 and Bcl-2 levels in Egyptian patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) (Group I) compared with healthy control individuals (Group II). The concentrations of serum MMP-9 were determined quantitatively using enzyme immunoassay (EIA). P53 and Bcl-2 levels were assayed by flow cytometric analysis using specific monoclones. MMP-9 level was significantly higher in MTB patients compared with healthy control. Similarly, P53 and Bcl-2 levels were increased in MTB patients compared with healthy ones. These data reflect the alteration of MMP-9 level during the course of MTB infection, accompanied with apparent dysregulation of cellular apoptosis as indicated by P53 and Bcl-2 over-expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samir El-Masry
- Minufiya University Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Minufiya University, Sadat City, Minufiya, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ghadimi D, de Vrese M, Heller KJ, Schrezenmeir J. Lactic acid bacteria enhance autophagic ability of mononuclear phagocytes by increasing Th1 autophagy-promoting cytokine (IFN-gamma) and nitric oxide (NO) levels and reducing Th2 autophagy-restraining cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 10:694-706. [PMID: 20381647 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Control of the intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), mainly requires an appropriate ratio of Th1/Th2 cytokines to induce autophagy, a physiologically, and immunologically regulated process that has recently been highlighted as an innate defense mechanism against intracellular pathogens. Current vaccines/adjuvants induce both protective Th1 autophagy-promoting cytokines, such as IFN-gamma, and immunosuppressive Th2 autophagy-restraining cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-13. TB infection itself is also characterized by relatively high levels of Th2 cytokines, which down-regulate Th1 responses and subsequently subvert adequate protective immunity, and a low ratio of IFN-gamma/IL-4. Therefore, there is a need for a safe and non-toxic vaccine/adjuvant that will induce Th1 autophagy-promoting cytokine (IFN-gamma) secretion and suppress the pre-existing subversive Th2 autophagy-restraining cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13). As lactic acid bacteria (LAB) belonging to the natural intestinal microflora and their components have been shown to shift immune responses against other antigens from Th2-type cytokines toward Th1-type cytokines like IFN-gamma, we investigated whether LAB can improve the polarization of Th1/Th2 cytokines and autophagic ability of mononuclear phagocytes in response to Mtb antigen. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), which are a part of the mononuclear phagocyte system and source of crucial macrophage activators in the in vivo situation, and human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs) were treated with Mtb antigen in the presence or absence of two strains of LAB, L. rhammosus GG (LGG) and Bifidobacterium bifidum MF 20/5 (B.b). PBMCs cell culture supernatants were analyzed for the production of the autophagy-promoting factors IFN-gamma, and nitric oxide (NO) and the autophagy-restraining cytokines IL-4 and IL-13, using ELISA and Griess assays to detect the production of cytokines and NO, respectively. In HMDMs, expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3-I), membrane-associated (LC3-II) forms of LC3 protein and Beclin-1, as hallmarks of autophagy, were assessed using Western blot to detect the autophagy markers. The secreted interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interleukin (IL)-12 and transformig growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 18 (CCL18) from HMDMs were determined by ELISA. Also, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was used to assess the mRNA expressions of CCL18 in HMDMs. RESULTS Treatment of PBMCs with either Mtb antigen or with LAB significantly increased the IFN-gamma and NO production. Combination of Mtb antigen and LAB led to synergistic increase in IFN-gamma, and an additive increase in NO. Treatment with Mtb antigen alone significantly increased the IL-4 and IL-13 production. LAB significantly decreased IL-4 and IL-13 secretion in both unstimulated and Mtb antigen-stimulated PBMCs. The IFN-gamma/IL-4+IL-13 ratio was enhanced, indicating Th1/Th2 polarization. Treatment of macrophages with combined use of Mtb antigen and LAB led to an additive increase in Beclin-1, LC3-II expression, as well as in synergistic increase in IL-12 production. Treatment of macrophages with combined use of Mtb antigen and LAB led to a decrease in IL-6, IL-10, and CCL18 secretion. LAB inhibited the secretion of TGF-beta by Mtb-stimulated macrophages, however not significantly. Treatment of macrophages with combined use of Mtb antigen and LAB led to a decrease in CCL18 mRNA expression. CONCLUSION Our study implies that LAB may reinforce the response of the mononuclear phagocytes to Mtb antigen by inducing production of the autophagy-promoting factors IFN-gamma and NO, while decreasing the Th2 autophagy-restraining cytokines IL-4 and IL-13. Hence, combination of Mtb antigen and LAB may perhaps be safer in more efficacious TB vaccine formulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darab Ghadimi
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Hermann-Weigmann-Str 1, D-24103 Kiel, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zembrzuski VM, Basta PC, Callegari-Jacques SM, Santos RV, Coimbra CEA, Salzano FM, Hutz MH. Cytokine genes are associated with tuberculin skin test response in a native Brazilian population. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2009; 90:44-9. [PMID: 20005781 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2009.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Revised: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis was a major cause of population decline among Brazilian indigenous peoples and remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among them. Despite high BCG coverage, results of Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) reactivity have shown high rates of anergy in Amazonian Indians. Given the high prevalence of anergy in these populations and the fact that genetic host factors play an important role in susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), the aim of this study was to evaluate the association of nineteen polymorphisms in fifteen genes related to immune response and anergy in the Xavante, an indigenous group from Brazil. A total of 481 individuals were investigated. TST anergy was observed in 69% of them. Polymorphisms in four genes showed absence or very low variability: SP110, PTPN22, IL12RB1 and IL6. IFNG +874 A/T heterozygotes and IL4-590 C/C homozygotes were more frequent in those individuals who presented a positive TST (prevalence ratios of 1.9 and 2.0 respectively). The risk of anergy was 1.5 in IL10-1082 G/G homozygotes when compared to carriers for the A allele. In indigenous groups such as the Xavante exposure to a variety of infections, associated with specific genetic factors, may disturb the T-helper 1 and T-helper 2 balance leading to increased immunological susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verônica M Zembrzuski
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, UFRGS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 15053, 91501 970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Silver RF, Walrath J, Lee H, Jacobson BA, Horton H, Bowman MR, Nocka K, Sypek JP. Human alveolar macrophage gene responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains H37Ra and H37Rv. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2009; 40:491-504. [PMID: 18787177 PMCID: PMC2660564 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0219oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
H37Rv and H37Ra have been widely used as models of virulent and avirulent strains, respectively, of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Since the sequencing of H37Rv, microarrays have been used to investigate gene expression of M. tuberculosis strains under various conditions, and to compare gene expression of specific isolates of the organism. Because differences in the virulence of these organisms could also be manifest via their differential induction of host genes, we used Affymetrix Human Genome Arrays U133A and U133B to evaluate human alveolar macrophage (AM) responses to infection with H37Rv and H37Ra. H37Rv altered expression of far more genes than did H37Ra. Moreover, the genes induced by H37Rv to a greater extent than by H37Ra were predominantly associated with the development of effective immunity. H37Rv markedly increased expression of IL-23 p19, whereas neither organism significantly induced IL-12 p35 expression. Quantitative PCR confirmed that H37Rv induced significantly more AM p19 expression than did H37Ra. After low-level infection of both AM and peripheral blood monocytes (MN) with H37Rv, neither cell type produced IL-12 (by ELISA). In contrast, AM displayed significant IL-23 production in response to H37Rv, whereas MN did not. Our findings thus suggest an important role for IL-23 in human host responses to pulmonary infection with M. tuberculosis, and are consistent with epidemiologic and genetic studies that imply that H37Rv may not have unusual capacity to cause human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard F Silver
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Biomedical Research Building, Rm. 1030, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-4984, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Torres de Heens GL, Kikkert R, Aarden LA, van der Velden U, Loos BG. Effects of smoking on theex vivocytokine production in periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2009; 44:28-34. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2007.01047.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
34
|
Hursitoglu M, Cikrikcioglu M, Tukek T, Beycan I, Ahmedova N, Karacuha S, Sansal M, Ozkan O, Celik V. Acute effect of low-flux hemodialysis process on the results of the interferon-gamma-based QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-Tube test in end-stage renal disease patients. Transpl Infect Dis 2009; 11:28-32. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2008.00348.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
35
|
In vitro levels of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and IL-12 in response to a recombinant 32-kilodalton antigen of Mycobacterium bovis BCG after treatment for tuberculosis. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2008; 16:111-5. [PMID: 18987165 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00243-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell-mediated immunity plays a major role in conferring protection against tuberculosis (TB) on an individual. It is not known whether the immune status correlates with the bacterial load or whether the immunity improves after treatment. Also, it may be important to monitor treatment by being able to discriminate between active disease and successfully treated TB. The main aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of a recombinant 32-kDa antigen (r32-kDa Ag) of Mycobacterium bovis BCG (Ag85A-BCG) as a diagnostic marker in patients being treated for TB. Specifically, the in vitro T-cell assays and the release of interleukin-12 (IL-12) (Th1-type cytokine) and IL-10 (Th2-type cytokine) in response to the r32-kDa Ag of BCG were assayed in patients with either pulmonary (sputum positive/negative, n = 74) or extrapulmonary TB (n = 49) and healthy controls. The proliferative responses of stimulated cells at 0, 2 to 4, and 6 months of treatment increased and were highly significant (P < 0.000) compared to the responses in controls. The increase in IL-12 and decrease in IL-10 release suggest that there is cytokine expression modification during different stages of TB, and treatment seems to have an influence on the levels of these cytokines, suggesting an augmentation in the protective responses. The in vitro response to the M. bovis BCG r32-kDa Ag may be useful in monitoring treatment of TB.
Collapse
|
36
|
Barkman C, Martner A, Hessle C, Wold AE. Soluble bacterial constituents down-regulate secretion of IL-12 in response to intact Gram-positive bacteria. Microbes Infect 2008; 10:1484-93. [PMID: 18832044 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2008.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2008] [Revised: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 08/30/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Intact Gram-positive bacteria induce production of large amounts of IL-12 from freshly isolated human monocytes. Here the bacterial structures and signalling pathways involved were studied and compared with those leading to IL-6 production, and to IL-12 production in response to LPS after IFN-gamma pre-treatment. Intact bifidobacteria induced massive production of IL-12 (1 ng/ml) and IL-6 (>30 ng/ml) from human PBMC, whereas fragmented bifidobacteria induced IL-6, but no IL-12. IL-12 production induced by intact bifidobacteria was inhibited by pre-treatment with bifidobacterial sonicate, peptidoglycan, muramyl dipeptide, lipoteichoic acid, the soluble TLR2 agonist Pam(3)Cys-SK(4), or anti-TLR2 antibodies. Blocking of phagocytosis by cytochalasin, inhibition of the JNK or NF-kappaB pathways or treatment with Wortmannin also reduced the IL-12 response to intact Gram-positive bacteria. LPS induced moderate levels of IL-12 (0.31 ng/ml), but only from IFN-gamma pre-treated PBMC. This IL-12 production was enhanced by Wortmannin and unaffected by blocking the JNK pathway. Thus, intact Gram-positive bacteria trigger monocyte production of large amounts of IL-12 via a distinct pathway that is turned off by fragmented Gram-positive bacteria. This may be a physiological feedback, since such fragments may signal that further activation of the phagocyte via the IL-12/IFN-gamma loop is unnecessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Barkman
- Department of Clinical Bacteriology, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10, SE-413 46 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Price SJ, Hope JC. Enhanced secretion of interferon-gamma by bovine gammadelta T cells induced by coculture with Mycobacterium bovis-infected dendritic cells: evidence for reciprocal activating signals. Immunology 2008; 126:201-8. [PMID: 18657206 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.02889.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that gammadelta T cells form part of the innate immune response to Mycobacterium bovis infection. Dendritic cells (DCs) are capable of secreting high levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12) following infection with mycobacteria and can induce interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion by natural killer and gammadelta T cells We investigated the innate interactions occurring between WC1(+)gammadelta T cells and M. bovis-infected DCs. Following coculture with M. bovis-infected DCs, secretion of IFN-gamma and expression of CD25 and major histocompatibility complex class II on WC1(+)gammadelta T cells were significantly enhanced. Reciprocal enhancement of IL-12 secretion by the DCs was also observed and this interaction was found to be contact dependent. We hypothesize that there is an early, transient signal between the WC1(+)gammadelta T cells and the DCs, which promotes the synthesis of biologically active IL-12, and which is dependent upon cell-cell contact. Reciprocal signals including IL-12 are then delivered to WC1(+)gammadelta cells, which leads to the enhanced secretion of IFN-gamma, and the up-regulation of activation markers and antigen presentation molecules by the WC1(+)gammadelta T cells. These interactions are likely to form a critical part of the T helper type 1-conditioning response of DCs to M. bovis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sally J Price
- Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Jayakumar A, Widenmaier R, Ma X, McDowell MA. Transcriptional inhibition of interleukin-12 promoter activity in Leishmania spp.-infected macrophages. J Parasitol 2008; 94:84-93. [PMID: 18372625 DOI: 10.1645/ge-1153.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
To establish and persist within a host, Leishmania spp. parasites delay the onset of cell-mediated immunity by suppressing interleukin-12 (IL-12) production from host macrophages. Although it is established that Leishmania spp.-infected macrophages have impaired IL-12 production, the mechanisms that account for this suppression remain to be completely elucidated. Using a luciferase reporter assay assessing IL-12 transcription, we report here that Leishmania major, Leishmania donovani, and Leishmania chagasi inhibit IL-12 transcription in response to interferon-gamma, lipopolysaccharide, and CD40 ligand and that Leishmania spp. lipophosphoglycan, phosphoglycans, and major surface protein are not necessary for inhibition. In addition, all the Leishmania spp. strains and life-cycle stages tested inhibited IL-12 promoter activity. Our data further reveal that autocrine-acting host factors play no role in the inhibitory response and that phagocytosis signaling is necessary for inhibition of IL-12.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asha Jayakumar
- 215 Galvin Life Sciences, Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Rothfuchs AG, Bafica A, Feng CG, Egen JG, Williams DL, Brown GD, Sher A. Dectin-1 interaction with Mycobacterium tuberculosis leads to enhanced IL-12p40 production by splenic dendritic cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:3463-71. [PMID: 17785780 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.6.3463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dectin-1 is a fungal pattern recognition receptor that binds to beta-glucans and triggers cytokine production by facilitating interaction with TLR2 or by directly activating spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk). To assess the possible role of Dectin-1 in the innate response to mycobacteria, we used an in vitro system in which IL-12p40 production is measured in splenic dendritic cells (SpDC) following exposure to live Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli. Treatment of SpDC with laminarin or glucan phosphate, two molecules known to block Dectin-1-dependent activity, led to a reduction in M. tuberculosis-induced IL-12p40 as well as IL-12p70 production. Moreover, SpDC from Dectin-1-/- chimeric mice displayed reduced IL-12p40 production in response to mycobacteria when compared with Dectin-sufficient DC. Laminarin treatment also inhibited mycobacterial-induced IL-12p40 production in DC from TLR2-/- mice, arguing that Dectin-1 functions independently of TLR2 signaling in this system. Importantly, a Dectin-1 fusion protein was found to directly bind to live mycobacteria in a laminarin-inhibitable manner indicating the presence of ligands for the receptor in the bacterium and laminarin pretreatment resulted in reduced association of mycobacteria to SpDC. In additional experiments, mycobacterial stimulation was shown to be associated with increased phosphorylation of Syk and this response was inhibited by laminarin. Furthermore, pharmacologic inhibition of Syk reduced the M. tuberculosis-induced IL-12p40 response. Together, these findings support a role for Dectin-1 in promoting M. tuberculosis-induced IL-12p40 production by DC in which the receptor augments bacterial-host cell interaction and enhances the subsequent cytokine response through an unknown mechanism involving Syk signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gigliotti Rothfuchs
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Henao J, Sánchez D, Muñoz CH, Mejía N, Arias MA, García LF, Barrera LF. Human splenic macrophages as a model for in vitro infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2007; 87:509-17. [PMID: 17765662 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2007.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Revised: 06/21/2007] [Accepted: 07/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection. In humans most of the studies on MTB-macrophage interactions have been performed using circulating monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. However, little research has been performed on this interaction using tissue macrophages. Herein, we used human splenic macrophages to characterize particular responses to MTB infection. Based on morphological, biochemical, and immunological markers, splenic adherent cells exhibit characteristics of tissue macrophages. They were able to efficiently phagocytose both live and heat-killed (h-k) MTB H37Rv. Upon infection with live, but not h-k MTB, an increase in secreted TNF-alpha was elicited. Splenic macrophages produced high basal levels of IL-10; however, infection with live or h-k MTB resulted in decrease IL-10 secretion. Both IL-12p40 and IL-12p70 basal levels were also decreased upon infection with live or h-k MTB; however, while the reduction for IL-12p40 levels was observed at earlier time points (4h) for both live and h-k MTB, infection with live MTB, but not h-k MTB, resulted in a time-dependent secretion of IL-12p40 at 24 and 48h after infection. IL-12p70 levels were completely reduced upon infection by either live or h-k MTB. These results support that human splenic macrophages may represent a potential useful model to study MTB-macrophage interactions in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Henao
- Grupo de Inmunologia Celular e Inmunogenetica, Universidad de Antioquia, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Laboratorio 510, Carrera 53 No 61-30, Medellin, Colombia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Griffith DE, Aksamit T, Brown-Elliott BA, Catanzaro A, Daley C, Gordin F, Holland SM, Horsburgh R, Huitt G, Iademarco MF, Iseman M, Olivier K, Ruoss S, von Reyn CF, Wallace RJ, Winthrop K. An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 175:367-416. [PMID: 17277290 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200604-571st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4016] [Impact Index Per Article: 236.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
|
42
|
Sakkas LI, Platsoucas CD. The role of T cells in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 56:409-24. [PMID: 17265476 DOI: 10.1002/art.22369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lazaros I Sakkas
- Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Thessaly University School of Medicine, Larisa, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Al-Attiyah R, El-Shazly A, Mustafa AS. Assessment of in vitro immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a human peripheral blood infection model using a luciferase reporter construct of M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Clin Exp Immunol 2006; 145:520-7. [PMID: 16907922 PMCID: PMC1809703 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03133.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Protective immune responses to tuberculosis in man are primarily cell-mediated and require the interaction of specific T cells, cytokines and activated macrophages. In the present study, Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv labelled with luciferase reporter enzyme was used to analyse the anti-mycobacterial immunity in man using an in vitro whole blood infection model. Peripheral blood samples obtained from M. bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-vaccinated tuberculin-positive healthy volunteers (n = 23) were cultured with M. tuberculosis H37Rv reporter strain. The growth of bacteria in the whole blood cultures was monitored after 48 and 96 h of infection. The results showed that the growth of M. tuberculosis was significantly inhibited after 96 h (P < 0.029) of culture. Among the cytokines studied, interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-12 were not detected at all, whereas low levels of interferon (IFN)-gamma after 96 h (0.4 IU/ml) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha after 48 (135 pg/ml) and 96 h (47 pg/ml) of culture were detected in the supernatants of whole blood infected with M. tuberculosis. The magnitude of bacterial growth correlated directly with the concentration of TNF-alpha detected after 48 h (r = 0.722) and 96 h (r = 0.747) of culture (P <or= 0.0001 and P <or= 0.0001, respectively). However, the addition of monoclonal antibodies specific to TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma to the blood cultures did not alter mycobacterial growth indicating the role of other mechanisms/factors in restricting the growth of M. tuberculosis in whole blood cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Al-Attiyah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bafica A, Scanga CA, Feng CG, Leifer C, Cheever A, Sher A. TLR9 regulates Th1 responses and cooperates with TLR2 in mediating optimal resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 202:1715-24. [PMID: 16365150 PMCID: PMC2212963 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20051782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the role of Toll-like receptor (TLR)9 in the immune response to mycobacteria as well as its cooperation with TLR2, a receptor known to be triggered by several major mycobacterial ligands, we analyzed the resistance of TLR9−/− as well as TLR2/9 double knockout mice to aerosol infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infected TLR9−/− but not TLR2−/− mice displayed defective mycobacteria-induced interleukin (IL)-12p40 and interferon (IFN)-γ responses in vivo, but in common with TLR2−/− animals, the TLR9−/− mice exhibited only minor reductions in acute resistance to low dose pathogen challenge. When compared with either of the single TLR-deficient animals, TLR2/9−/− mice displayed markedly enhanced susceptibility to infection in association with combined defects in proinflammatory cytokine production in vitro, IFN-γ recall responses ex vivo, and altered pulmonary pathology. Cooperation between TLR9 and TLR2 was also evident at the level of the in vitro response to live M. tuberculosis, where dendritic cells and macrophages from TLR2/9−/− mice exhibited a greater defect in IL-12 response than the equivalent cell populations from single TLR9-deficient animals. These findings reveal a previously unappreciated role for TLR9 in the host response to M. tuberculosis and illustrate TLR collaboration in host resistance to a major human pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andre Bafica
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Saleem IY, Vordermeier M, Barralet JE, Coombes AGA. Improving peptide-based assays to differentiate between vaccination and Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle using nanoparticle carriers for adsorbed antigens. J Control Release 2005; 102:551-61. [PMID: 15681078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2004] [Accepted: 10/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of diagnostic tests to differentiate between vaccinated animals and those infected with Mycobacterium bovis is required so that test and slaughter control strategies can continue alongside vaccination. In this work, the peptide antigen, ESAT-6, p45, derived from the N-terminal sequence of the ESAT-6 protein, was adsorbed onto a range of microparticulate and nanoparticulate substrates to enhance the in vitro immune response of blood lymphocytes previously sensitised to M. bovis. Two types of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (both approximately 300 nm in linear dimension), carbonate hydroxyapatite nanospheres (CHA, approximately 50 nm), two sizes of polystyrene nanospheres ( approximately 500 and 40 nm), calcium carbonate microparticles (0.3-1.0 microm) and glass microspheres (1.0-3.0 microm) were incubated in a solution of the peptide in PBS. Peptide adsorption increased on the nanoparticle carriers in the order HA (2.5+/-0.12%w/w), CHA (4.9+/-0.12) polystyrene (500 nm, 6.8+/-0.15%, 40 nm, 9.2+/-0.07) and these systems exhibited fairly low levels of desorption (approximately 10-15% peptide release) over a 24-h incubation period in PBS at 37 degrees C. HA, CHA and polystyrene carriers with adsorbed peptide were subsequently tested in the BOVIGAM assay to investigate the efficiency of the immune response of blood lymphocytes in terms of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production. A general elevation of IFN-gamma production resulted for particle-bound peptide relative to free peptide at high peptide concentrations (>10 microg/ml). Only HA-adsorbed peptide resulted in consistently higher immune responses at low peptide concentration (<0.1 microg/ml) compared with the free peptide, indicating that peptide antigens adsorbed to hydroxyapatite nanoparticles may be useful, in diagnostic assays, for differentiating between tuberculosis (TB)-infected and vaccinated animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Y Saleem
- Aston Pharmacy School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Pereira CB, Palaci M, Leite OHM, Duarte AJS, Benard G. Monocyte cytokine secretion in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis differs from that of healthy infected subjects and correlates with clinical manifestations. Microbes Infect 2005; 6:25-33. [PMID: 14738890 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2003.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cell-mediated immunity, leading to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-constraining granuloma formation, is the major component of host defense against tuberculosis and is regulated by the balance of cytokines secreted mostly by mononuclear phagocytes and lymphocytes. To better understand the role of monocytes in the regulation of the immune response against pulmonary tuberculosis, we examined IL-10, IL-12 and TNF-alpha release by monocytes from healthy purified protein derivative (PPD) reactors and pulmonary tuberculosis patients with or without systemic reactions (e.g., fever, weight loss, asthenia). Our study shows that, probably as a result of in vivo priming by circulating antigens, monocytes from patients, especially those with systemic manifestations, have a biased ex vivo cytokine secretion, with high IL-10 and TNF-alpha but low IL-12, in contrast with PPD reactors. Higher spontaneous IL-10 and TNF-alpha release persisted when monocytes were co-cultured with autologous lymphocytes. Challenge of patients' monocytes with a virulent Mtb strain led to a further enhancement of IL-10 and TNF-alpha, but not of IL-12. When lymphocytes were added to these cultures, IL-10 and TNF-alpha elevation persisted and, in the patients with a systemic reaction, both IL-12 and IFN-gamma were significantly reduced compared to PPD reactors. Intragroup comparisons revealed that in the patients with systemic reactions, the lymphocyte-monocyte interaction resulted in a positive feedback for IL-10 secretion, while in the patients without systemic reaction and PPD reactors, the feedback was positive for IL-12 secretion. Thus, in tuberculosis, there appears to exist a relationship between the immunological findings and the distinct clinical manifestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Barreto Pereira
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica, Unidade 56, Departmento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Nabeshima S, Murata M, Yamaji K, Chong Y, Nomoto M, Hayashi J. Kinetic analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific cytokine production by PBMC in adults after BCG vaccination. J Infect Chemother 2005; 11:18-23. [PMID: 15729483 DOI: 10.1007/s10156-004-0357-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2004] [Accepted: 11/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has been used worldwide as the only vaccine for tuberculosis, its protective efficacy in human adults is controversial. To investigate human immunological responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis after BCG vaccination, we analyzed IFN-gamma and IL-10 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from health-care workers five times throughout the year after BCG vaccination. Of 449 health-care workers, 36 (8.0%) were negative by the tuberculin skin test, and of these, 20 were vaccinated with BCG. Because all the subjects had received BCG vaccination as infants, the present vaccination was considered to be a revaccination. The cytokine responses of the vaccinated and control tuberculin skin-test-positive subjects (n = 6) were followed at 0, 2, 4, and 8 weeks and at 12 months. The mean IFN-gamma production by PBMC when cultured with purified protein derivative (PPD) gradually increased, reached a peak at week 8, and then declined until 12 months, with four exceptions who showed no IFN-gamma elevation. The IFN-gamma level of the vaccinated group at week 0 was significantly lower than that of the controls. The mean IL-10 production in response to PPD reached a peak at week 2, and then declined to its lowest point at week 8. These results indicate that the BCG vaccine can induce a type I cytokine response to M. tuberculosis in most tuberculin skin-test-negative adults at week 8, suggesting the immunological efficacy of vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Nabeshima
- Department of General Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yamashita Y, Maeda Y, Takeshita F, Brennan PJ, Makino M. Role of the polypeptide region of a 33kDa mycobacterial lipoprotein for efficient IL-12 production. Cell Immunol 2004; 229:13-20. [PMID: 15331324 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2004.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2004] [Accepted: 06/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium leprae lipoprotein, LpK, induced IL-12 production from human monocytes. To determine the components essential for cytokine production and the relative role of lipidation in the activation process, we produced lipidated and non-lipidated truncated forms of LpK. While 0.5nM of lipidated LpK-a having N-terminal 60 amino acids of LpK produced more than 700pg/ml IL-12 p40, the non-lipidated LpK-b having the same amino acids as that of LpK-a required more than 20nM of the protein to produce an equivalent dose of cytokine. Truncated protein having the C-terminal 192 amino acids of LpK did not induce any cytokine production. Fifty nanomolar of the synthetic lipopeptide of LpK produced only about 200pg/ml IL-12. Among the truncated LpK, only LpK-a and lipopeptide stimulated NF-kB-dependent reporter activity in TLR-2 transfectant. However, when monocytes were stimulated with lipopeptide in the presence of non-lipidated protein, they produced IL-12 synergistically. Therefore, both peptide regions of LpK and lipid residues are necessary for efficient IL-12 production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Yamashita
- Department of Microbiology, Leprosy Research Center,National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aobacho,Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0002, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Marino S, Kirschner DE. The human immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in lung and lymph node. J Theor Biol 2004; 227:463-86. [PMID: 15038983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2003.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2003] [Revised: 11/06/2003] [Accepted: 11/17/2003] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A key issue for the study of tuberculosis is to understand why individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) experience different clinical outcomes. To better understand the dynamics of Mtb infection and immunity, we have previously developed a temporal mathematical model that qualitatively and quantitatively characterizes the cellular and cytokine control network during infection. In this work we extend that model to a two compartmental model to capture the important processes of cellular activation and priming that occur between the lung and the nearest draining lymph node. We are able to reproduce typical disease progression scenarios including primary infection, latency or clearance. Then we use the model to predict key processes determining these different disease trajectories (i.e. identify bifurcation parameters), suggesting directions for further basic science study and potential new treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simeone Marino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, 6730 Medical Science Building II, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0620, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Tang N, Liu L, Kang K, Mukherjee PK, Takahara M, Chen G, McCormick TS, Cooper KD, Ghannoum M. Inhibition of monocytic interleukin-12 production by Candida albicans via selective activation of ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase. Infect Immun 2004; 72:2513-20. [PMID: 15102758 PMCID: PMC387890 DOI: 10.1128/iai.72.5.2513-2520.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous data demonstrated that live Candida albicans inhibits interleukin-12 (IL-12) production by human monocytes. Here we explored whether C. albicans inhibits IL-12 via a released factor and whether the inhibition is mediated via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) regulation. Supernatant fluids were obtained from cultured C. albicans (SC5314) as well as cultured Saccharomyces cerevisiae after 20 h of incubation. At 2 h postincubation of monocytes with heat-killed C. albicans (HKCA) (2:1) to stimulate IL-12, concentrated fungal supernatant fluids were added and incubated for an additional 20 h. The present data show that, unlike supernatant fluids obtained from S. cerevisiae, the C. albicans supernatant fluids significantly suppressed IL-12 production induced by HKCA. This suggested that the inhibition is Candida specific. A preliminary biochemical analysis revealed that this secretory IL-12 inhibitory factor is glycoprotein in nature. The inhibitory activity had no effect on the phagocytosis of yeasts. Supernatant fluids from C. albicans markedly induced the phosphorylation of ERK44/42 MAPK, but not p38 and SAPK, 1 min after they were added to monocytes. To test if the induction of ERK44/42 MAPK was central to the IL-12 inhibition, we used gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) (1 ng/ml) plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (100 ng/ml) to stimulate IL-12 production by monocytes. The inhibition of ERK MAPK by the specific inhibitor PD 98059 significantly reduced phospho-ERK44/42 MAPK levels induced by C. albicans supernatant fluids in the IFN-gamma-plus-LPS-driven monocytes. Concomitantly, PD 98059 reversed the IL-12 inhibitory activity of the C. albicans supernatant (P < 0.01). These data indicate that C. albicans can inhibit IL-12 production by secreting an ERK44/42 MAPK-stimulating factor and thus can attenuate effective immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ningfeng Tang
- Department of Dermatology and Center for Medical Mycology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University, OH 44106, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|