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Francis JE, Skakic I, Majumdar D, Taki AC, Shukla R, Walduck A, Smooker PM. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Delivering a DNA Vaccine Encoding Helicobacter pylori Urease A Subunit: Immune Analyses before and after a Mouse Model of Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1076. [PMID: 38256149 PMCID: PMC10816323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, novel solid lipid particles containing the adjuvant lipid monophosphoryl lipid A (termed 'SLN-A') were synthesised. The SLN-A particles were able to efficiently bind and form complexes with a DNA vaccine encoding the urease alpha subunit of Helicobacter pylori. The resultant nanoparticles were termed lipoplex-A. In a mouse model of H. pylori infection, the lipoplex-A nanoparticles were used to immunise mice, and the resultant immune responses were analysed. It was found that the lipoplex-A vaccine was able to induce high levels of antigen-specific antibodies and an influx of gastric CD4+ T cells in vaccinated mice. In particular, a prime with lipoplex-A and a boost with soluble UreA protein induced significantly high levels of the IgG1 antibody, whereas two doses of lipoplex-A induced high levels of the IgG2c antibody. In this study, lipoplex-A vaccination did not lead to a significant reduction in H. pylori colonisation in a challenge model; however, these results point to the utility of the system for delivering DNA vaccine-encoded antigens to induce immune responses and suggest the ability to tailor those responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine E. Francis
- School of Science, RMIT University, 264 Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (J.E.F.); (I.S.); (D.M.); (R.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Ivana Skakic
- School of Science, RMIT University, 264 Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (J.E.F.); (I.S.); (D.M.); (R.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Debolina Majumdar
- School of Science, RMIT University, 264 Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (J.E.F.); (I.S.); (D.M.); (R.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Aya C. Taki
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Ravi Shukla
- School of Science, RMIT University, 264 Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (J.E.F.); (I.S.); (D.M.); (R.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Anna Walduck
- School of Science, RMIT University, 264 Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (J.E.F.); (I.S.); (D.M.); (R.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Peter M. Smooker
- School of Science, RMIT University, 264 Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (J.E.F.); (I.S.); (D.M.); (R.S.); (A.W.)
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Ghazvini K, Kamali H, Farsiani H, Yousefi M, Keikha M. Sustain-release lipid-liquid crystal formulations of pexiganan against Helicobacter pylori infection: in vitro evaluation in C57BL/6 mice. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 25:9. [PMID: 38212864 PMCID: PMC10785446 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-024-00731-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori, H. pylori, is associated with significant digestive disorders. However, the effectiveness of bacterial eradication is declining due to drug resistance. A potent anti-H. pylori activity is shown by the natural antimicrobial peptide pexiganan. OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of pexiganan and its lipid-liquid crystals (LLCs) in inducing Helicobacter pylori in mice. METHODS In this experimental study, H. pylori infection was first induced in C57BL/6 mice. Secondly, the antibacterial efficacy of pexiganan and its LLCs formulations was investigated to eliminate H. pylori infection. RESULTS The H. pylori infection could not be completely eradicated by pexiganan peptide alone. However, incorporating pexiganan within the LLC formulation resulted in an increased elimination of H. pylori. Under the H&E strain, the pexiganan-LLCs formulation revealed minimal mucosal alterations and a lower amount of inflammatory cell infiltration in the stomach compared to the placebo. CONCLUSION Clarithromycin was more effective than pexiganan at all tested concentrations. Furthermore, the pexiganan-loaded LLCs exhibited superior efficacy in curing H. pylori infection in a mouse model compared to pexiganan alone. This formulation can enhance H. pylori clearance while mitigating the adverse effects, typically associated with conventional drugs, leading to a viable alternative to current treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiarash Ghazvini
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Hossein Kamali
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hadi Farsiani
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoud Yousefi
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoud Keikha
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran.
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Nguyen TKC, Do HDK, Nguyen TLP, Pham TT, Mach BN, Nguyen TC, Pham TL, Katsande PM, Hong HA, Duong HT, Phan AN, Cutting SM, Vu MT, Nguyen VD. Genomic and vaccine preclinical studies reveal a novel mouse-adapted Helicobacter pylori model for the hpEastAsia genotype in Southeast Asia. J Med Microbiol 2024; 73. [PMID: 38235783 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Helicobacter pylori infection is a major global health concern, linked to the development of various gastrointestinal diseases, including gastric cancer. To study the pathogenesis of H. pylori and develop effective intervention strategies, appropriate animal pathogen models that closely mimic human infection are essential.Gap statement. This study focuses on the understudied hpEastAsia genotype in Southeast Asia, a region marked by a high H. pylori infection rate. No mouse-adapted model strains has been reported previously. Moreover, it recognizes the urgent requirement for vaccines in developing countries, where overuse of antimicrobials is fuelling the emergence of resistance.Aim. This study aims to establish a novel mouse-adapted H. pylori model specific to the hpEastAsia genotype prevalent in Southeast Asia, focusing on comparative genomic and histopathological analysis of pathogens coupled with vaccine preclinical studies.Methodology. We collected and sequenced the whole genome of clinical strains of H. pylori from infected patients in Vietnam and performed comparative genomic analyses of H. pylori strains in Southeast Asia. In parallel, we conducted preclinical studies to assess the pathogenicity of the mouse-adapted H. pylori strain and the protective effect of a new spore-vectored vaccine candidate on male Mlac:ICR mice and the host immune response in a female C57BL/6 mouse model.Results. Genome sequencing and comparison revealed unique and common genetic signatures, antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors in strains HP22 and HP34; and supported clarithromycin-resistant HP34 as a representation of the hpEastAsia genotype in Vietnam and Southeast Asia. HP34-infected mice exhibited gastric inflammation, epithelial erosion and dysplastic changes that closely resembled the pathology observed in human H. pylori infection. Furthermore, comprehensive immunological characterization demonstrated a robust host immune response, including both mucosal and systemic immune responses. Oral vaccination with candidate vaccine formulations elicited a significant reduction in bacterial colonization in the model.Conclusion. Our findings demonstrate the successful development of a novel mouse-adapted H. pylori model for the hpEastAsia genotype in Vietnam and Southeast Asia. Our research highlights the distinctive genotype and pathogenicity of clinical H. pylori strains in the region, laying the foundation for targeted interventions to address this global health burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Kim Cuc Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Nha Trang University, 2 Nguyen Dinh Chieu Street, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Dang Khoa Do
- NTT Hi-tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thi Lan Phuong Nguyen
- Institute of Vaccines and Biological Medicals (IVAC), 9 Pasteur Street, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam
| | - Thu Thuy Pham
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Nha Trang University, 2 Nguyen Dinh Chieu Street, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam
| | - Bao Ngoc Mach
- NTT Hi-tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thi Chinh Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Nha Trang University, 2 Nguyen Dinh Chieu Street, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam
| | - Thi Lan Pham
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Nha Trang University, 2 Nguyen Dinh Chieu Street, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam
| | - Paidamoyo M Katsande
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Huynh Anh Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Huu Thai Duong
- Institute of Vaccines and Biological Medicals (IVAC), 9 Pasteur Street, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam
| | - Anh N Phan
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Simon M Cutting
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Minh Thiet Vu
- NTT Hi-tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Van Duy Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Nha Trang University, 2 Nguyen Dinh Chieu Street, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
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Beduleva L, Fomina K, Sidorov A, Terentiev A, Ivanov P, Menshikov I. Rat Experimental Autoimmune Gastritis Model. Immunol Invest 2023; 52:1023-1038. [PMID: 37962068 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2023.2283103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is an autoimmune disease of the stomach characterized by the destruction of the oxyntic mucosa, which stops producing acid and becomes both functionally and morphologically atrophic. The pathogenic mechanisms behind the disease are still poorly understood. There is no early diagnosis and specific AIG therapy. To elucidate the pathogenesis of AIG, to search for early diagnostic markers, as well as to test new therapeutic approaches, an adequate and easily reproducible experimental model for autoimmune gastritis (EAG) is needed. Existing EAG models have some limitations, including slow development of signs, absence of advanced gastritis, irrational use of animals to obtain antigen. The aim was to find out whether it is possible to cause autoimmune gastritis similar to human disease in Wistar rats through immunization with a homologous gastric mucosa extract. METHODS Wistar rats were immunized with gastric mucosa extract. Histology studies and evaluation of serological parameters were performed 56 and 91 days later. RESULTS Destruction of oxyntic glands by infiltrating T lymphocytes were detected in rats on 56 and 91 days after initial immunization with gastric mucosa extract. Hyperplasia of enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells was detected on the 91st day. Antral mucosa remained unchanged. CONCLUSION Wistar rats, immunized with gastric mucosa extract, developed EAG similar to human AIG. The advantages of received EAG model are the ease of obtaining, the rapid development of oxyntic mucosa damage, which may progress to ECL cell hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubov Beduleva
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Immunology, Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Udmurt State University, Izhevsk, Russian Federation
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Materials, Udmurt Federal Research Center UB RAS, Izhevsk, Russian Federation
| | - Kseniya Fomina
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Immunology, Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Udmurt State University, Izhevsk, Russian Federation
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Materials, Udmurt Federal Research Center UB RAS, Izhevsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandr Sidorov
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Immunology, Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Udmurt State University, Izhevsk, Russian Federation
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Materials, Udmurt Federal Research Center UB RAS, Izhevsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Terentiev
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Immunology, Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Udmurt State University, Izhevsk, Russian Federation
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Materials, Udmurt Federal Research Center UB RAS, Izhevsk, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel Ivanov
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Immunology, Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Udmurt State University, Izhevsk, Russian Federation
| | - Igor Menshikov
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Immunology, Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Udmurt State University, Izhevsk, Russian Federation
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Materials, Udmurt Federal Research Center UB RAS, Izhevsk, Russian Federation
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Skakic I, Francis JE, Dekiwadia C, Aibinu I, Huq M, Taki AC, Walduck A, Smooker PM. An Evaluation of Urease A Subunit Nanocapsules as a Vaccine in a Mouse Model of Helicobacter pylori Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1652. [PMID: 38005984 PMCID: PMC10674275 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Using removable silica templates, protein nanocapsules comprising the A subunit of Helicobacter pylori urease (UreA) were synthesised. The templates were of two sizes, with solid core mesoporous shell (SC/MS) silica templates giving rise to nanocapsules of average diameter 510 nm and mesoporous (MS) silica templates giving rise to nanocapsules of average diameter 47 nm. Both were shown to be highly monodispersed and relatively homogenous in structure. Various combinations of the nanocapsules in formulation were assessed as vaccines in a mouse model of H. pylori infection. Immune responses were evaluated and protective efficacy assessed. It was demonstrated that vaccination of mice with the larger nanocapsules combined with an adjuvant was able to significantly reduce colonisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Skakic
- School of Science, RMIT University, 264 Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (I.S.); (J.E.F.); (I.A.); (M.H.); (A.W.)
| | - Jasmine E. Francis
- School of Science, RMIT University, 264 Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (I.S.); (J.E.F.); (I.A.); (M.H.); (A.W.)
| | - Chaitali Dekiwadia
- RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia;
| | - Ibukun Aibinu
- School of Science, RMIT University, 264 Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (I.S.); (J.E.F.); (I.A.); (M.H.); (A.W.)
- Department of Health, Science and Community, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Mohsina Huq
- School of Science, RMIT University, 264 Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (I.S.); (J.E.F.); (I.A.); (M.H.); (A.W.)
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aya C. Taki
- Faculty of Science, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Anna Walduck
- School of Science, RMIT University, 264 Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (I.S.); (J.E.F.); (I.A.); (M.H.); (A.W.)
- Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
| | - Peter M. Smooker
- School of Science, RMIT University, 264 Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (I.S.); (J.E.F.); (I.A.); (M.H.); (A.W.)
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Karayiannis I, Martinez-Gonzalez B, Kontizas E, Kokkota AV, Petraki K, Mentis A, Kollia P, Sgouras DN. Induction of MMP-3 and MMP-9 expression during Helicobacter pylori infection via MAPK signaling pathways. Helicobacter 2023; 28:e12987. [PMID: 37139985 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-induced gastric pathology involves remodeling of extracellular matrix mediated by aberrant activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). We have previously shown that in vitro H. pylori infection leads to MMP-3 and MMP-9 overexpression, associated with phosphorylation of bacterial oncoprotein CagA. We extended these findings in an in vivo model of H. pylori infection and further assessed the involvement of MAPK pathways in MMP expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 mice were infected with H. pylori strains HPARE, HPARE ΔCagA, and SS1, for 6 and 9 months. Transcriptional expression of Mmp-3 and Mmp-9 was evaluated via qPCR while respective protein levels in the gastric mucosa were determined immunohistochemically. Epithelial cell lines AGS and GES-1 were infected with H. pylori strain P12 in the presence of chemical inhibitors of JNK, ERK1/2, and p38 pathways, for 24 h. mRNA and protein expression of MMP-3 and MMP-9 were determined via qPCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS We observed transcriptional activation of Mmp-3 and Mmp-9 as well as aberrant MMP-3 and MMP-9 protein expression in murine gastric tissue following H. pylori infection. CagA expression was associated with MMP upregulation, particularly during the early time points of infection. We found that inhibition of ERK1/2 resulted in reduced mRNA and protein expression of MMP-3 and MMP-9 during H. pylori infection, in both cell lines. Expressed protein levels of both MMPs were also found reduced in the presence of JNK pathway inhibitors in both cell lines. However, p38 inhibition resulted in a more complex effect, probably attributed to the accumulation of phospho-p38 and increased phospho-ERK1/2 activity due to crosstalk between MAPK pathways. CONCLUSIONS H. pylori colonization leads to the upregulation of MMP-3 and MMP-9 in vivo, which primarily involves ERK1/2 and JNK pathways. Therefore, their inhibition may potentially offer a protective effect against gastric carcinogenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Karayiannis
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, School of Physical Sciences, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | - Andreas Mentis
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagoula Kollia
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, School of Physical Sciences, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Ansari S, Yamaoka Y. Animal Models and Helicobacter pylori Infection. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11113141. [PMID: 35683528 PMCID: PMC9181647 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11113141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori colonize the gastric mucosa of at least half of the world’s population. Persistent infection is associated with the development of gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and an increased risk of gastric cancer and gastric-mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. In vivo studies using several animal models have provided crucial evidence for understanding the pathophysiology of H. pylori-associated complications. Numerous animal models, such as Mongolian gerbils, transgenic mouse models, guinea pigs, and other animals, including non-human primates, are being widely used due to their persistent association in causing gastric complications. However, finding suitable animal models for in vivo experimentation to understand the pathophysiology of gastric cancer and MALT lymphoma is a complicated task. In this review, we summarized the most appropriate and latest information in the scientific literature to understand the role and importance of H. pylori infection animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamshul Ansari
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu 879-5593, Oita, Japan;
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu 879-5593, Oita, Japan;
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-97-586-5740
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Henriques PC, Costa LM, Seabra CL, Antunes B, Silva-Carvalho R, Junqueira-Neto S, Maia AF, Oliveira P, Magalhães A, Reis CA, Gartner F, Touati E, Gomes J, Costa P, Martins MCL, Gonçalves IC. Orally administrated chitosan microspheres bind Helicobacter pylori and decrease gastric infection in mice. Acta Biomater 2020; 114:206-220. [PMID: 32622054 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Persistent Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is related to 90% of gastric cancers. With bacterial resistance rising and treatment inefficiency affecting 15% of the patients, alternative treatments urge. Chitosan microspheres (ChMics) have been proposed as an H. pylori-binding system. This work evaluates ChMics biocompatibility, mucopenetration and capacity to treat H. pylori infection in mice after oral administration. ChMics of different size (XL, ∼120 µm and XS, ∼40 µm) and degree of acetylation (6% and 16%) were developed and revealed to be able to adhere both human and mouse-adapted H. pylori strains without cytotoxicity towards human gastric cells. Ex vivo studies showed that smaller (XS) microspheres penetrate further within the gastric foveolae, suggesting their ability to reach deeply adherent bacteria. In vivo assays showed 88% reduction of infection when H. pylori-infected mice (C57BL/6) were treated with more mucoadhesive XL6 and XS6 ChMics. Overall, ChMics clearly demonstrate ability to reduce H. pylori gastric infection in mice, with chitosan degree of acetylation being a dominant factor over microspheres' size on H. pylori removal efficiency. These results evidence the strong potential of this strategy as an antibiotic-free approach to fight H. pylori infection, where microspheres are orally administered, bind H. pylori in the stomach, and remove them through the gastrointestinal tract. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Approximately 90% of gastric cancers are caused by the carcinogenic agent Helicobacter pylori, which infects >50% of the world population. Bacterial resistance, reduced antibiotic bioavailability, and the intricate distribution of bacteria in mucus and within gastric foveolae hamper the success of most strategies to fight H. pylori. We demonstrate that an antibiotic-free therapy based on bare chitosan microspheres that bind and remove H. pylori from stomach can achieve 88% reduction of infection from H. pylori-infected mice. Changing size and mucoadhesive properties, microspheres can reach different areas of gastric mucosa: smaller and less mucoadhesive can penetrate deeper into the foveolae. This promising, simple and inexpensive strategy paves the way for a faster bench-to-bedside transition, therefore holding great potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia C Henriques
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lia M Costa
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina L Seabra
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bernardo Antunes
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Silva-Carvalho
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Junqueira-Neto
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - André F Maia
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Oliveira
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Magalhães
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Celso A Reis
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Gartner
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eliette Touati
- Unit of Helicobacter Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology, CNRS UMR2001, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Joana Gomes
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Costa
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, MedTech-Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4150-755 Porto, Portugal
| | - M Cristina L Martins
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês C Gonçalves
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
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9
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Prinz C, Weber D. MicroRNA (miR) dysregulation during Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric inflammation and cancer development: critical importance of miR-155. Oncotarget 2020; 11:894-904. [PMID: 32206186 PMCID: PMC7075464 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of noncoding microRNA molecules has been associated with immune cell activation in the context of Helicobacter pylori induced gastric inflammation as well as carcinogenesis, but also with downregulation of mismatch repair genes, and may interfere with immune checkpoint proteins that lead to the overexpression of antigens on gastric tumor cells. Numerous miR-molecules have been described as important tools and markers in gastric inflammation and cancer development -including miR-21, miR-143, miR-145, miR-201, and miR-335- all of which are downregulated in gastric tumors, and involved in cell cycle growth or tumor invasion. Among the many microRNAs involved in gastric inflammation, adenocarcinoma development and immune checkpoint regulation, miR-155 is notable in that its upregulation is considered a key marker of chronic gastric inflammation that predisposes a patient to gastric carcinogenesis. Among various other miRs, miR-155 is highly expressed in activated B and T cells and in monocytes/macrophages present in chronic gastric inflammation. Notably, miR-155 was shown to downregulate the expression of certain MMR genes, such as MLH1, MSH2, and MSH6. In tumor-infiltrating miR-155-deficient CD8+ T cells, antibodies against immune checkpoint proteins restored the expression of several derepressed miR-155 targets, suggesting that miR-155 may regulate overlapping pathways to promote antitumor immunity. It may thus be of high clinical impact that gastric pathologies mediated by miR-155 result from its overexpression. This suggests that it may be possible to therapeutically attenuate miR-155 levels for gastric cancer treatment and/or to prevent the progression of chronic gastric inflammation into cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Prinz
- Lehrstuhl für Innere Medizin1, University of Witten gGmbH, Helios Universitätsklinikum, D-42283 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - David Weber
- Lehrstuhl für Innere Medizin1, University of Witten gGmbH, Helios Universitätsklinikum, D-42283 Wuppertal, Germany
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10
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Dawson EM, Dunne KA, Richardson EJ, Praszkier J, Alfawaz D, Woelfel S, De Paoli A, Chaudhry H, Henderson IR, Ferrero RL, Rossiter AE. Complete genome sequence of Helicobacter pylori B128 7.13 and a single-step method for the generation of unmarked mutations. Helicobacter 2019; 24:e12587. [PMID: 31062466 PMCID: PMC6618122 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori represents an interesting model of bacterial pathogenesis given that most infections are asymptomatic, while a minority of infections cause severe gastric disease. H pylori strain B128 7.13 is used extensively to understand H pylori pathophysiology. Due to extensive restriction-modification systems, the fact that only some H pylori strains are naturally transformable, the inability of common plasmid and transposon vectors to replicate in this bacterium, as well as the limited number of antibiotic cassettes that are functional in H pylori, there are relatively few genetic tools for the mutagenesis of this bacterium. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, we use PacBio and Illumina sequencing to reveal the complete genome sequence of H pylori B128 7.13. Furthermore, we describe a system to generate markerless and scarless mutations on the H pylori chromosome using the counter-selection marker, galactokinase from Escherichia coli. RESULTS We show that this mutagenesis strategy can be used to generate in-frame insertions, gene deletions, and multiple independent mutations in B128 7.13. Using the closed genome as a reference, we also report the absence of second site chromosomal mutations and/or rearrangements in our mutagenized strains. We compare the genome sequence of H pylori B128 7.13 with a closely related strain, H pylori B8, and reveal one notable region of difference, which is a 1430 bp insertion encoding a H pylori-specific DUF874 family protein of unknown function. CONCLUSIONS This article reports the closed genome of the important H pylori B128 7.13 strain and a mutagenesis method that can be adopted by researchers as an alternative strategy to generate isogenic mutants of H pylori in order to further our understanding of this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M. Dawson
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Karl A. Dunne
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Emily J. Richardson
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Judyta Praszkier
- Hudson Institute for Medical Research, MonashMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Dana Alfawaz
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Simon Woelfel
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Amanda De Paoli
- Hudson Institute for Medical Research, MonashMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Hassan Chaudhry
- Hudson Institute for Medical Research, MonashMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ian R. Henderson
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Richard L. Ferrero
- Hudson Institute for Medical Research, MonashMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of MicrobiologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Amanda E. Rossiter
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
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11
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Nonhelical Helicobacter pylori Mutants Show Altered Gland Colonization and Elicit Less Gastric Pathology than Helical Bacteria during Chronic Infection. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00904-18. [PMID: 31061142 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00904-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Half of all humans harbor Helicobacter pylori in their stomachs. Helical cell shape is thought to facilitate H. pylori's ability to bore into the protective mucus layer in a corkscrew-like motion, thereby enhancing colonization of the stomach. H. pylori cell shape mutants show impaired colonization of the mouse stomach, highlighting the importance of cell shape in infection. To gain a deeper understanding of how helical cell morphology promotes host colonization by H. pylori, we used three-dimensional confocal microscopy to visualize the clinical isolate PMSS1 and an isogenic straight-rod mutant (Δcsd6) within thick longitudinal mouse stomach sections. We also performed volumetric image analysis to quantify the number of bacteria residing within corpus and antral glands in addition to measuring total CFU. We found that straight rods show attenuation during acute colonization of the stomach (1 day or 1 week postinfection) as measured by total CFU. Our quantitative imaging revealed that wild-type bacteria extensively colonized antral glands at 1 week postinfection, while csd6 mutants showed variable colonization of the antrum at this time point. During chronic infection (1 or 3 months postinfection), total CFU were highly variable but similar for wild-type and straight rods. Both wild-type and straight rods persisted and expanded in corpus glands during chronic infection. However, the straight rods showed reduced inflammation and disease progression. Thus, helical cell shape contributes to tissue interactions that promote inflammation during chronic infection, in addition to facilitating niche acquisition during acute infection.
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12
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Salillas S, Alías M, Michel V, Mahía A, Lucía A, Rodrigues L, Bueno J, Galano-Frutos JJ, De Reuse H, Velázquez-Campoy A, Carrodeguas JA, Sostres C, Castillo J, Aínsa JA, Díaz-de-Villegas MD, Lanas Á, Touati E, Sancho J. Design, Synthesis, and Efficacy Testing of Nitroethylene- and 7-Nitrobenzoxadiazol-Based Flavodoxin Inhibitors against Helicobacter pylori Drug-Resistant Clinical Strains and in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Mice. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6102-6115. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Salillas
- Biocomputation and Complex Systems Physics Institute (BIFI)-Joint Units: BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) and GBsC-CSIC, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Miriam Alías
- Biocomputation and Complex Systems Physics Institute (BIFI)-Joint Units: BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) and GBsC-CSIC, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - Valérie Michel
- Helicobacter Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Microbiology, CNRS ERL6002, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, Paris 75724, France
| | - Alejandro Mahía
- Biocomputation and Complex Systems Physics Institute (BIFI)-Joint Units: BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) and GBsC-CSIC, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Lucía
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Liliana Rodrigues
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | | | - Juan José Galano-Frutos
- Biocomputation and Complex Systems Physics Institute (BIFI)-Joint Units: BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) and GBsC-CSIC, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Hilde De Reuse
- Helicobacter Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Microbiology, CNRS ERL6002, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, Paris 75724, France
| | - Adrián Velázquez-Campoy
- Biocomputation and Complex Systems Physics Institute (BIFI)-Joint Units: BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) and GBsC-CSIC, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza 50009, Spain
- Fundación ARAID, Gobierno de Aragón, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - José Alberto Carrodeguas
- Biocomputation and Complex Systems Physics Institute (BIFI)-Joint Units: BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) and GBsC-CSIC, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Carlos Sostres
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | | | - José Antonio Aínsa
- Biocomputation and Complex Systems Physics Institute (BIFI)-Joint Units: BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) and GBsC-CSIC, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | | | - Ángel Lanas
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Eliette Touati
- Helicobacter Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Microbiology, CNRS ERL6002, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, Paris 75724, France
| | - Javier Sancho
- Biocomputation and Complex Systems Physics Institute (BIFI)-Joint Units: BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) and GBsC-CSIC, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza 50009, Spain
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13
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Luo S, Liu W, Zeng Z, Ye F, Hu C, Xu N, Huang A, Xi T, Xing Y. Toxic adjuvants alter the function and phenotype of dendritic cells to initiate adaptive immune responses induced by oral Helicobacter pylori vaccines. Helicobacter 2018; 23:e12536. [PMID: 30247802 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxic adjuvant is considered as an indispensable constituent for oral Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) vaccines. However, the elaborate role of toxic adjuvant in the initiation of adaptive immune response is largely undescribed. MATERIALS AND METHODS We employed an acid-resistant HP55/PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) delivery system encapsulating three antigens (Hsp, Nap, and Lpp20) from H. pylori and accompanied with three adjuvants (LPS, CpG, and chimeric flagellum (CF)) to explore the underlying mechanism of the adjuvant constituent. H. pylori-specific antibody responses were detected by ELISA. Gastric inflammatory and Th1/Th17 responses were analyzed by flow cytometry. Expressions of inflammatory cytokines were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS In bone marrow-derived dendritic cells' (BMDCs) model, the addition of toxic adjuvants is responsible for the proinflammatory function, but not the mature phenotype of BMDCs. In vivo, intestinal loop injection with NPs + LPS, rather than NPs alone, altered the dendritic cell (DC) phenotypes in mesenteric lymph nodes and drove a local proinflammatory microenvironment. In a prophylactic vaccination model, mice immunized with NPs + adjuvants significantly reduced the gastric colonization of H. pylori, induced antigen-specific antibody responses and Th1/Th17 cell responses. After H. pylori challenge, these mice showed potent recall responses involving both neutrophil and inflammatory monocyte infiltration. Additionally, TLR4 knockout mice were immunized with NPs + LPS and NPs + CF, respectively; only the recipients of NPs + CF orchestrated a protective response to control bacterial infection. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that toxic adjuvants within oral H.pylori vaccines altered the function and phenotype of dendritic cells and facilitated the establishment of proinflammatory microenvironment to initiate adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanghui Luo
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiqin Zeng
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chupeng Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ningyin Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - An Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Xi
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingying Xing
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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14
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D'Costa K, Chonwerawong M, Tran LS, Ferrero RL. Mouse Models Of Helicobacter Infection And Gastric Pathologies. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30394371 DOI: 10.3791/56985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a gastric pathogen that is present in half of the global population and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. Several mouse models of gastric Helicobacter infection have been developed to study the molecular and cellular mechanisms whereby H. pylori bacteria colonize the stomach of human hosts and cause disease. Herein, we describe protocols to: 1) prepare bacterial suspensions for the in vivo infection of mice via intragastric gavage; 2) determine bacterial colonization levels in mouse gastric tissues, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and viable counting; and 3) assess pathological changes, by histology. To establish Helicobacter infection in mice, specific pathogen-free (SPF) animals are first inoculated with suspensions (containing ≥105 colony-forming units, CFUs) of mouse-colonizing strains of either Helicobacter pylori or other gastric Helicobacter spp. from animals, such as Helicobacter felis. At the appropriate time-points post-infection, stomachs are excised and dissected sagittally into two equal tissue fragments, each comprising the antrum and body regions. One of these fragments is then used for either viable counting or DNA extraction, while the other is subjected to histological processing. Bacterial colonization and histopathological changes in the stomach may be assessed routinely in gastric tissue sections stained with Warthin-Starry, Giemsa or Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stains, as appropriate. Additional immunological analyses may also be undertaken by immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence on mouse gastric tissue sections. The protocols described below are specifically designed to enable the assessment in mice of gastric pathologies resembling those in human-related H. pylori diseases, including inflammation, gland atrophy and lymphoid follicle formation. The inoculum preparation and intragastric gavage protocols may also be adapted to study the pathogenesis of other enteric human pathogens that colonize mice, such as Salmonella Typhimurium or Citrobacter rodentium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley D'Costa
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research
| | - Michelle Chonwerawong
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research
| | - Le Son Tran
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research
| | - Richard L Ferrero
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University;
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15
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Liu H, Liu W, Tan Z, Zeng Z, Yang H, Luo S, Wang L, Xi T, Xing Y. Promoting Immune Efficacy of the Oral Helicobacter pylori Vaccine by HP55/PBCA Nanoparticles against the Gastrointestinal Environment. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:3177-3186. [PMID: 30011213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The immunogenicity of oral subunit vaccines is poor partly as a result of the harsh milieu of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. For some pathogens that restrictedly inhabit the GI tract, a vaccine that works in situ may provide more potent protection than vaccines that operate parenterally. Yet, no appropriate delivery system is available for oral subunit vaccines. In this study, we designed HP55/poly( n-butylcyanoacrylate) (PBCA) nanoparticles (NPs) to carry Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori) subunit vaccine CCF for oral administration in a prophylactic mice model. These NPs, which are synthesized using an interfacial polymerization method, protected the CCF antigen not only from the acidic pH in simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 1.2) but also from the proteolysis in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF, pH 7.4). Oral vaccination of mice with HP55/PBCA-CCF NPs promoted the production of serum antigen-specific antibodies, mucosal secretory IgA, and proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, a Th1/Th17 response and augmented lymphocytes were found in the gastric tissue of HP55/PBCA-CCF NP-immunized mice, which might eventually limit H. pylori colonization. Collectively, these results indicate that HP55/PBCA NPs are promising carriers against the severe situation of the GI tract and thereby may be further utilized for other orally administrated vaccines or drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention , China Pharmaceutical University , No.24 Tongjia xiang , Nanjing 210009 , PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention , China Pharmaceutical University , No.24 Tongjia xiang , Nanjing 210009 , PR China
| | - Zhoulin Tan
- School of Life Science and Technology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention , China Pharmaceutical University , No.24 Tongjia xiang , Nanjing 210009 , PR China
| | - Zhiqin Zeng
- School of Life Science and Technology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention , China Pharmaceutical University , No.24 Tongjia xiang , Nanjing 210009 , PR China
| | - Huimin Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention , China Pharmaceutical University , No.24 Tongjia xiang , Nanjing 210009 , PR China
| | - Shuanghui Luo
- School of Life Science and Technology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention , China Pharmaceutical University , No.24 Tongjia xiang , Nanjing 210009 , PR China
| | - Linlin Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention , China Pharmaceutical University , No.24 Tongjia xiang , Nanjing 210009 , PR China
| | - Tao Xi
- School of Life Science and Technology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention , China Pharmaceutical University , No.24 Tongjia xiang , Nanjing 210009 , PR China
| | - Yingying Xing
- School of Life Science and Technology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention , China Pharmaceutical University , No.24 Tongjia xiang , Nanjing 210009 , PR China
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16
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Liu W, Tan Z, Liu H, Zeng Z, Luo S, Yang H, Zheng L, Xi T, Xing Y. Nongenetically modified Lactococcus lactis-adjuvanted vaccination enhanced innate immunity against Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter 2017; 22. [PMID: 28805287 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gram-positive enhancer matrix particles (GEM) produced by Lactococcus lactis can enhance vaccine-induced immune response. However, the mechanism under which this adjuvant mounts the efficacy of orally administered vaccines remains unexplored. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used a prophylactic mice model to investigate the mechanism of GEM-adjuvanted vaccination. Helicobacter pylori urease-specific antibody response was monitored and detected in murine serum by ELISA. Urease-specific splenic cytokine profile was examined. Gastric inflammatory responses were measured on day 43 or 71 by quantitative real-time PCR, flow cytometry and histology. RESULTS We found that GEM enhanced the efficiency of oral H. pylori vaccine by promoting innate immunity. The vaccine CUE-GEM composed of GEM particles and recombinant antigen CTB-UE provided protection of immunized mice against H. pylori insult. The protective response was associated with induction of postimmunization gastritis and local Th1/Th17 cell-medicated immune response. We showed that innate inflammatory responses including neutrophil chemokines CXCL1-2, neutrophils, and antimicrobial proteins S100A8 and MUC1 were significantly elevated. Within all infected mice, S100A8 and MUC1 levels were negatively correlated with H. pylori burden. Strikingly, mice receiving GEM also show reduction of colonization, possibly through natural host response pathways to recruit CD4+ T cells and promote S100A8 expression. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that GEM-based vaccine may impact Th1/Th17 immunity to orchestrate innate immune response against H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhoulin Tan
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiqin Zeng
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuanghui Luo
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huimin Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lufeng Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Xi
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingying Xing
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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17
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Hutton ML, D'Costa K, Rossiter AE, Wang L, Turner L, Steer DL, Masters SL, Croker BA, Kaparakis-Liaskos M, Ferrero RL. A Helicobacter pylori Homolog of Eukaryotic Flotillin Is Involved in Cholesterol Accumulation, Epithelial Cell Responses and Host Colonization. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:219. [PMID: 28634572 PMCID: PMC5460342 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human pathogen Helicobacter pylori acquires cholesterol from membrane raft domains in eukaryotic cells, commonly known as "lipid rafts." Incorporation of this cholesterol into the H. pylori cell membrane allows the bacterium to avoid clearance by the host immune system and to resist the effects of antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides. The presence of cholesterol in H. pylori bacteria suggested that this pathogen may have cholesterol-enriched domains within its membrane. Consistent with this suggestion, we identified a hypothetical H. pylori protein (HP0248) with homology to the flotillin proteins normally found in the cholesterol-enriched domains of eukaryotic cells. As shown for eukaryotic flotillin proteins, HP0248 was detected in detergent-resistant membrane fractions of H. pylori. Importantly, H. pylori HP0248 mutants contained lower levels of cholesterol than wild-type bacteria (P < 0.01). HP0248 mutant bacteria also exhibited defects in type IV secretion functions, as indicated by reduced IL-8 responses and CagA translocation in epithelial cells (P < 0.05), and were less able to establish a chronic infection in mice than wild-type bacteria (P < 0.05). Thus, we have identified an H. pylori flotillin protein and shown its importance for bacterial virulence. Taken together, the data demonstrate important roles for H. pylori flotillin in host-pathogen interactions. We propose that H. pylori flotillin may be required for the organization of virulence proteins into membrane raft-like structures in this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie L. Hutton
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kimberley D'Costa
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amanda E. Rossiter
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lin Wang
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lorinda Turner
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David L. Steer
- Monash Biomedical Proteomics Facility, Monash UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Seth L. Masters
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall InstituteMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ben A. Croker
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall InstituteMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Maria Kaparakis-Liaskos
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard L. Ferrero
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourne, VIC, Australia
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
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18
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Pathak A, Blair VL, Ferrero RL, Kedzierski L, Andrews PC. Structural influences on the activity of bismuth(III) indole-carboxylato complexes towards Helicobacter pylori and Leishmania. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 177:266-275. [PMID: 28583712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Seven new bismuth(III) complexes derived from indole-carboxylic acids have been synthesised: five are homoleptic; [Bi(IAA)3] B1, [Bi(IPA)3] B2, [Bi(IBA)3] B3, [Bi(MICA)3] B4, [Bi(IGA)3] B6, and two are heteroleptic [BiPh(MICA)2] B5 (where IAA-H=2-(1H-indol-3-yl)acetic acid, IPA-H=3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid, IBA-H=4-(1H-indol-3-yl)butanoic acid, IGA-H=2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-oxoacetic acid, and MICA-H=1-methyl-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid). All complexes were fully characterised by elemental analysis, infrared and mass-spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H, 13C) spectroscopy. Complex [BiPh(IGA)2] B7 is structurally authenticated by X-ray crystallography as a dimer in the solid-state. The in-vitro anti-bacterial activity of the indole-carboxylic acids and their bismuth(III) complexes was assessed against Helicobacter pylori. While the acids were non-toxic at <100μgmL-1, all the bismuth compounds showed an MIC of 6.25μgmL-1, indicating that the anti-bacterial activity is insensitive to the degree of substitution at the Bi(III) centre or the composition of the indole-carboxylate ligands. All compounds were further tested for their anti-parasitic activity against Leishmania major and for their toxicity towards mammalian cells. From the anti-parasitic studies, it was found that the heteroleptic bismuth(III) complexes are the most active, with B5 and B7 showing comparable activity to Amphotericin B, without any toxicity towards the mammalian cells at their effective concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Pathak
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Victoria L Blair
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Richard L Ferrero
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Lukasz Kedzierski
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Philip C Andrews
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
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19
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Tan Z, Liu W, Liu H, Li C, Zhang Y, Meng X, Tang T, Xi T, Xing Y. Oral Helicobacter pylori vaccine-encapsulated acid-resistant HP55/PLGA nanoparticles promote immune protection. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 111:33-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Banerjee A, Basu M, Blanchard TG, Chintalacharuvu SR, Guang W, Lillehoj EP, Czinn SJ. Early Molecular Events in Murine Gastric Epithelial Cells Mediated by Helicobacter pylori CagA. Helicobacter 2016; 21:395-404. [PMID: 26817586 PMCID: PMC4965344 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Murine models of Helicobacter pylori infection are used to study host-pathogen interactions, but lack of severe gastritis in this model has limited its usefulness in studying pathogenesis. We compared the murine gastric epithelial cell line GSM06 to the human gastric epithelial AGS cell line to determine whether similar events occur when cultured with H. pylori. MATERIALS AND METHODS The lysates of cells infected with H. pylori isolates or an isogenic cagA-deficient mutant were assessed for translocation and phosphorylation of CagA and for activation of stress pathway kinases by immunoblot. RESULTS Phosphorylated CagA was detected in both cell lines within 60 minutes. Phospho-ERK 1/2 was present within several minutes and distinctly present in GSM06 cells at 60 minutes. Similar results were obtained for phospho-JNK, although the 54 kDa phosphoprotein signal was dominant in AGS, whereas the lower molecular weight band was dominant in GSM06 cells. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that early events in H. pylori pathogenesis occur within mouse epithelial cells similar to human cells and therefore support the use of the mouse model for the study of acute CagA-associated host cell responses. These results also indicate that reduced disease in H. pylori-infected mice may be due to lack of the Cag PAI, or by differences in the mouse response downstream of the initial activation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Banerjee
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Malini Basu
- Department of Microbiology, Rastraguru Surendra Nath College, Barrackpore, India
| | | | | | - Wei Guang
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erik P Lillehoj
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven J Czinn
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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21
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Chaput C, Ecobichon C, Pouradier N, Rousselle JC, Namane A, Boneca IG. Role of the N-Acetylmuramoyl-l-Alanyl Amidase, AmiA, of Helicobacter pylori in Peptidoglycan Metabolism, Daughter Cell Separation, and Virulence. Microb Drug Resist 2016; 22:477-86. [PMID: 27447281 PMCID: PMC5036311 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2016.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gastric pathogen, Helicobacter pylori, is becoming increasingly resistant to most available antibiotics. Peptidoglycan (PG) metabolism is essential to eubacteria, hence, an excellent target for the development of new therapeutic strategies. However, our knowledge on PG metabolism in H. pylori remains poor. We have further characterized an isogenic mutant of the amiA gene encoding a N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanyl amidase. The amiA mutant displayed long chains of unseparated cells, an impaired motility despite the presence of intact flagella and a tolerance to amoxicillin. Interestingly, the amiA mutant was impaired in colonizing the mouse stomach suggesting that AmiA is a valid target in H. pylori for the development of new antibiotics. Using reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography, we analyzed the PG muropeptide composition and glycan chain length distribution of strain 26695 and its amiA mutant. The analysis showed that H. pylori lacked muropeptides with a degree of cross-linking higher than dimeric muropeptides. The amiA mutant was also characterized by a decrease of muropeptides carrying 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid residues, which represent the ends of the glycan chains. This correlated with an increase of very long glycan strands in the amiA mutant. It is suggested that these longer glycan strands are trademarks of the division site. Taken together, we show that the low redundancy on genes involved in PG maturation supports H. pylori as an actractive alternative model to study PG metabolism and cell shape regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Chaput
- 1 Institut Pasteur, Unite de Pathogénie Bactérienne des Muqueuses , Paris, France
| | - Chantal Ecobichon
- 1 Institut Pasteur, Unite de Pathogénie Bactérienne des Muqueuses , Paris, France .,2 Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie et Génétique de la Paroi Bactérienne , Paris, France .,3 INSERM , Equipe Avenir, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Pouradier
- 1 Institut Pasteur, Unite de Pathogénie Bactérienne des Muqueuses , Paris, France
| | | | | | - Ivo G Boneca
- 1 Institut Pasteur, Unite de Pathogénie Bactérienne des Muqueuses , Paris, France .,2 Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie et Génétique de la Paroi Bactérienne , Paris, France .,3 INSERM , Equipe Avenir, Paris, France
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22
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Li Y, Chen Z, Ye J, Ning L, Luo J, Zhang L, Jiang Y, Xi Y, Ning Y. Antibody Production and Th1-biased Response Induced by an Epitope Vaccine Composed of Cholera Toxin B Unit and Helicobacter pylori Lpp20 Epitopes. Helicobacter 2016; 21:234-48. [PMID: 26332255 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epitope vaccine is an attractive potential for prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Lpp20 is one of major protective antigens which trigger immune response after H. pylori invades host and has been considered as an excellent vaccine candidate for the control of H. pylori infection. In our previous study, one B-cell epitope and two CD4(+) T-cell epitopes of Lpp20 were identified. OBJECTIVE In this study, an epitope vaccine composed of mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) and these three identified Lpp20 epitopes were constructed to investigate the efficacy of this epitope vaccine in mice. METHODS The epitope vaccine including CTB, one B-cell, and two CD4(+) T-cell epitopes of Lpp20 was constructed and named CTB-Lpp20, which was then expressed in Escherichia coli and used for intraperitoneal immunization in BALB/c mice. The immunogenicity, specificity, and ability to induce antibodies against Lpp20 and cytokine secretion were evaluated. After that, CTB-Lpp20 was intragastrically immunized to investigate the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy in infected mice. RESULTS The results indicated that the epitope vaccine CTB-Lpp20 possessed good immunogenicity and immunoreactivity and could elicit specific high level of antibodies against Lpp20 and the cytokine of IFN-γ and IL-17. Additionally, CTB-Lpp20 significantly decreased H. pylori colonization in H. pylori challenging mice, and the protection was correlated with IgG, IgA, and sIgA antibody and Th1-type cytokines. CONCLUSION This study will be better for understanding the protective immunity of epitope vaccine, and CTB-Lpp20 may be an alternative strategy for combating H. pylori invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhongbiao Chen
- School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jianbin Ye
- School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lijun Ning
- School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of microbiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yin Jiang
- School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yue Xi
- School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yunshan Ning
- School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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Therapeutic efficacy of oral immunization with a non-genetically modified Lactococcus lactis-based vaccine CUE-GEM induces local immunity against Helicobacter pylori infection. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:6219-6229. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7333-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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24
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Turner L, Praszkier J, Hutton ML, Steer D, Ramm G, Kaparakis-Liaskos M, Ferrero RL. Increased Outer Membrane Vesicle Formation in a Helicobacter pylori tolB Mutant. Helicobacter 2015; 20:269-83. [PMID: 25669590 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple studies have established the importance of the tol-pal gene cluster in bacterial cell membrane integrity and outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation in Escherichia coli. In contrast, the functions of Tol-Pal proteins in pathogenic organisms, including those of the Epsilonproteobacteria, remain poorly if at all defined. The aim of this study was to characterize the roles of two key components of the Tol-Pal system, TolB and Pal, in OMV formation in the pathogenic bacterium, Helicobacter pylori. METHODS H. pylori ΔtolB, Δpal and ΔtolBpal mutants, as well as complemented strains, were generated and assessed for changes in morphology and OMV production by scanning electron microscopy and enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), respectively. The protein content and pro-inflammatory properties of OMVs were determined by mass spectroscopy and interleukin-8 (IL-8) ELISA on culture supernatants from OMV-stimulated cells, respectively. RESULTS H. pylori ΔtolB and Δpal bacteria exhibited aberrant cell morphology and/or flagella biosynthesis. Importantly, the disruption of H. pylori tolB but not pal resulted in a significant increase in OMV production. The OMVs from H. pylori ΔtolB and Δpal bacteria harbored many of the major outer membrane and virulence proteins observed in wild-type (WT) OMVs. Interestingly, ΔtolB, Δpal and ΔtolBpal OMVs induced significantly higher levels of IL-8 production by host cells, compared with WT OMVs. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates that TolB and Pal are important for membrane integrity in H. pylori. Moreover, it shows how H. pylori tolB-pal genes may be manipulated to develop "hypervesiculating" strains for vaccine purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorinda Turner
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, (3168), Victoria, Australia
| | - Judyta Praszkier
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, (3168), Victoria, Australia
| | - Melanie L Hutton
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, (3168), Victoria, Australia
| | - David Steer
- Monash Biomedical Proteomics Facility, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, (3800), Victoria, Australia
| | - Georg Ramm
- Monash Micro Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maria Kaparakis-Liaskos
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, (3168), Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard L Ferrero
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, (3168), Victoria, Australia
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25
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The synthetic antimicrobial peptide pexiganan and its nanoparticles (PNPs) exhibit the anti-helicobacter pylori activity in vitro and in vivo. Molecules 2015; 20:3972-85. [PMID: 25738539 PMCID: PMC6272436 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20033972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to probe the potential anti-H. pylori activity of the synthetic antimicrobial peptide pexiganan, which is an analog of the peptide magainin, and its nanoparticles (PNPs) that were prepared in our laboratory. To compare their antibacterial effects in vitro and in vivo, studies of H. pylori growth inhibition, kinetics and resistance assays were undertaken. The gastric mucoadhesive efficiency and H. pylori clearance efficiency of pexiganan and PNPs were evaluated in rats and mice infected with H. pylori. The eradication of H. pylori was determined using urease tests and a microbial culture method. We observed that PNPs adhered to gastric mucosa more effectively owing to a prolonged stay in the stomach, which resulted in a more effective H. pylori clearance. In addition, PNPs had greater anti-H. pylori effect than pexiganan in infected mice. The amount of pexiganan required to eradicate H. pylori was significantly less using PNPs than the corresponding pexiganan suspension. The results confirmed that PNPs improved peptide stability in the stomach and more effectively eradicated H. pylori from mice stomachs than pexiganan.
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26
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Pathak A, Blair VL, Ferrero RL, Junk PC, Tabor RF, Andrews PC. Synthesis and structural characterisation of bismuth(iii) hydroxamates and their activity against Helicobacter pylori. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:16903-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02259b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bismuth(iii) hydroxamate complexes of varying composition all show powerful bactericidal activity towardHelicobacter pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Pathak
- School of Chemistry
- Monash University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | | | - Richard L. Ferrero
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases
- Monash Institute of Medical Research
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Peter C. Junk
- School of Pharmacy and Molecular Sciences
- James Cook University
- Townsville
- Australia
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27
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Lee JY, Kim N, Nam RH, Choi YJ, Seo JH, Lee HS, Oh JC, Lee DH. No Correlation of Inflammation With Colonization of Helicobacter pylori in the Stomach of Mice Fed High-salt Diet. J Cancer Prev 2014; 19:144-51. [PMID: 25337583 PMCID: PMC4204169 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2014.19.2.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies on Helicobacter pylori infection in mice have contributed to better understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic gastritis and gastric carcinoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate H. pylori colonization and subsequent inflammatory responses in the stomachs of C57BL/6 mice depending on inoculation number and the presence of high-salt diet. Methods: Eighty-four female mice with 4 weeks age were used in this study. The infected mice were gavaged with H. pylori strain Sydney-1 (SS1), and the uninfected mice were dosed with vehicle. In each of these groups, half of the mice were fed ona basal diet (0.25% salt) and the other half were fed on a high-salt diet (7.5% salt). The infected mice were inoculated 4 or 5 times, and infection status and degree of inflammation were checked by culture and histopathology, respectively, after 4 weeks. Gastric mucosal myeloperoxidase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were measured by ELISA. Results: The overall infection rate was 95.2%; the infection rate after 5 inoculations (100%) was greater than that after 4 inoculations (91.3%). However, no differences in the degree of inflammation were found between 2 groups. The bacterial density was also significantly increased in mice that were on the high-salt diet and had been inoculated 5 times, respectively. Mean neutrophil infiltration in the infected group was 1.7±0.6 (1, minimal; 2, mild; 3, moderate; 4, marked). However, the high-salt diet was not increase the inflammatory grade in the infected group. Gastric mucosal myeloperoxidase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels did not increased by the high-salt diet and increased the number of inoculation. Conclusions: In spite of well colonization of H. pylori in the stomachs of C57BL/6 mice, the degree of subsequent inflammation was irrelevant to high-salt diet and frequent (5 times) inoculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Yup Lee
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Ryoung Hee Nam
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Choi
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Seo
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Departments of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jane C Oh
- Yonsei Plus Clinic, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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28
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Kaur B, Garg N, Sachdev A, Kumar B. Effect of the oral intake of probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici BA28 on Helicobacter pylori causing peptic ulcer in C57BL/6 mice models. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 172:973-83. [PMID: 24122711 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0585-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Probiotic lactic acid bacteria are being proposed to cure peptic ulcers by reducing colonization of Helicobacter pylori within the stomach mucosa and by eradicating already established infection. In lieu of that, in vitro inhibitory activity of pediocin-producing probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici BA28 was evaluated against H. pylori by growth inhibition assays. Further, chronic gastritis was first induced in two groups of C57BL/6 mice by orogastric inoculation with H. pylori with polyethylene catheter, and probiotic P. acidilactici BA28 was orally administered to study the eradication and cure of peptic ulcer disease. H. pylori and P. acidilactici BA28 were detected in gastric biopsy and fecal samples of mice, respectively. A probiotic treatment with P. acidilactici BA28, which is able to eliminate H. pylori infection and could reverse peptic ulcer disease, is being suggested as a co-adjustment with conventional antibiotic treatment. The study provided an evidence of controlling peptic ulcer disease, by diet mod
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Therapeutic efficacy of the multi-epitope vaccine CTB-UE against Helicobacter pylori infection in a Mongolian gerbil model and its microRNA-155-associated immuno-protective mechanism. Vaccine 2014; 32:5343-52. [PMID: 25093281 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination is an effective means of preventing infectious diseases, including those caused by Helicobacter pylori. In this study, we constructed a novel multi-epitope vaccine, CTB-UE, composed of the cholera toxin B subunit and tandem copies of the B and Th cell epitopes from the H. pylori urease A and B subunits. We evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of the multi-epitope vaccine CTB-UE against H. pylori infection in a Mongolian gerbil model and studied its immuno-protective mechanisms. The experimental results indicated that urease activity, H. pylori colonisation density, the levels of IL-8 and TNF-α in the serum, and the levels of COX-2 and NAP in gastric tissue were significantly lower and the IgG level in the serum and the IFN-γ level in spleen lymphocytes were significantly higher in the vaccinated group compared with the model control group; additionally, gastric mucosal inflammation was notably alleviated following vaccination. The results showed that CTB-UE had a good therapeutic effect on H. pylori infection. The immuno-protective mechanism was closely related to the immune response mediated by microRNA-155, the expression of which was strongly up-regulated after CTB-UE administration. The expression levels of the microRNA-155 target proteins IFN-γRα, AID, and PU.1 were significantly down-regulated; these results indicated that CTB-UE induced an immune response biased towards Th1 cells by up-regulating microRNA-155 to inhibit IFN-γRα expression and induced a humoral immune response towards B cells by up-regulating microRNA-155 to inhibit PU.1 and AID expression. These results demonstrate that the multi-epitope vaccine CTB-UE may be a promising therapeutic vaccine against H. pylori infection and is a new therapeutic tool for human use.
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Schlesinger M, Pathak A, Richter S, Sattler D, Seifert A, Rüffer T, Andrews PC, Schalley CA, Lang H, Mehring M. Salicylate‐Functionalized Bismuth Oxido Clusters: Hydrolysis Processes and Microbiological Activity. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maik Schlesinger
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Professur Koordinationschemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany, http://www.tu‐chemnitz.de/koord/
| | - Amita Pathak
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Sebastian Richter
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Sattler
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Seifert
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Professur Polymerchemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Tobias Rüffer
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Professur Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Philip C. Andrews
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Christoph A. Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Professur Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Michael Mehring
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Professur Koordinationschemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany, http://www.tu‐chemnitz.de/koord/
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Sasani F, Javanbakht J, Kabir FR, Agha Mohammad Hassan M, Pashaei AR. Evaluation of Gastric Lesions Based on Helicobacter pylori and Helicobacter-Like Organisms (HLOs) in Cats; A Histopathological and Bacteriological Study. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2014; 7:e9129. [PMID: 25371810 PMCID: PMC4217658 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.9129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The lesions induced by Helicobacter pylori in a candidate animal model should always be examined thoroughly. The resemblance of these lesions to those observed in humans can indicate whether the usage of this model will contribute to the understanding of the various pathogenic mechanisms involved in the development of human H. pylori-associated diseases. Objectives: The aim of this study was to perform a histopathological and bacteriological evaluation of gastric lesions based on H. pylori and Helicobacter-like organisms (HLOs) in cats. Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out on 28 cat’s (13 male and 15 female cases) gastric mucosae, which were tested by bacteriological and histopathological methods. Biochemical tests such as catalase, oxidase and urease were utilized in addition to Gram and Giemsa staining. Results: This research demonstrated that solely one case of H. pylori was isolated by gastric mucosal culture. Microscopically, the infected stomachs by HLOs comprised a mild to severe diffuse lymphoplasmacytic infiltration into the subglandular and gastric mucosa. Lymphoid follicles were also marked, particularly within pyloric tissues and mostly in displaced mucosal glands. For 75% of the gastritis cases, both HLOs and rapid urease tests were positive, whereas 83% of cases were more than one-year-old with gastritis. Furthermore, 75% of cats indicated gastritis, though 25% encompassed no gastritis; hence 20% had negative results for the rapid urease test and 25% for the Giemsa staining test. Such results may indicate that cats without gastritis were considered as free of HLOs pathogenic bacteria. Conclusions: These results suggest that most cases of gastritis were located in the antral region. Additionally, the isolation of H. pylori from domestic cats raises the possibility of zoonotic characteristics for the slightly pathogen; therefore transmission occurs from cats to human and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhang Sasani
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Farhang Sasani, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9121573490, Fax: +98-6693233222, E-mail:
| | - Javad Javanbakht
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Farrokh Reza Kabir
- Department of Clinical Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | | | - Ali Reza Pashaei
- Private Veterinary Practitioner, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, IR Iran
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Li X, Xing Y, Guo L, Lv X, Song H, Xi T. Oral immunization with recombinant Lactococcus lactis delivering a multi-epitope antigen CTB-UE attenuates Helicobacter pylori infection in mice. Pathog Dis 2014; 72:78-86. [PMID: 24687988 DOI: 10.1111/2049-632x.12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Urease is an essential virulence factor and colonization factor for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and is considered as an excellent vaccine candidate antigen. However, conventional technologies for preparing an injectable vaccine require purification of the antigenic protein and preparation of an adjuvant. Lactococcus lactis NZ9000 (L. lactis) could serve as an antigen-delivering vehicle for the development of edible vaccine. In previous study, we constructed a multi-epitope vaccine, designated CTB-UE, which is composed of the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin B subunit (CTB), three Th cell epitopes and two B-cell epitopes from urease subunits. To develop a novel type of oral vaccine against H. pylori, genetically modified L. lactis strains were established to secrete this epitope vaccine extracellularly in this study. Oral prophylactic immunization with recombinant L. lactis significantly elicited humoral anti-urease antibody responses (P < 0.001) and reduced the gastric colonization of H. pylori from 7.14 ± 0.95 to 4.68 ± 0.98 log10 CFU g(-1) stomach. This L. lactis oral vaccine offers a promising vaccine candidate for the control of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Li
- Biotechnology Center, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Busse M, Border E, Junk PC, Ferrero RL, Andrews PC. Bismuth(iii) complexes derived from α-amino acids: the impact of hydrolysis and oxido-cluster formation on their activity against Helicobacter pylori. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:17980-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02505a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bi(iii) complexes, [BiL3] and [Bi2L3], derived from α-amino acids (LH) have been synthesised and characterised. Hydrolysis and oxido-cluster formation in water impacts significantly on their activity towardsH. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madleen Busse
- School of Chemistry
- Monash University
- Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emily Border
- School of Chemistry
- Monash University
- Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter C. Junk
- School of Pharmacy and Molecular Sciences
- James Cook University
- Townsville, Australia
| | - Richard L. Ferrero
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases
- Monash Institute of Medical Research
- Melbourne, Australia
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Immunological features and efficacy of a multi-epitope vaccine CTB-UE against H. pylori in BALB/c mice model. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:3495-507. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5408-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Busse M, Trinh I, Junk PC, Ferrero RL, Andrews PC. Synthesis and characterisation of bismuth(III) aminoarenesulfonate complexes and their powerful bactericidal activity against Helicobacter pylori. Chemistry 2013; 19:5264-75. [PMID: 23536213 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterisation of nine new tris-substituted bismuth(III) aminoarenesulfonates of the general formula [Bi(O3S-R(N))3] (R(N) = o-aminophenyl 1, m-aminophenyl 2, 6-amino-3-methoxyphenyl 3, p-aminophenyl 4, 2-pyridyl 5, o-aminonaphthyl 6, 5-aminonaphthyl 7, 4-amino-3-hydroxynaphthyl 8 and 5-isoquinolinyl 9) is described. Two synthetic strategies, using Ag2O and [Bi(OtBu)3], were explored and compared. The possibility to access heteroleptic bismuth(III) complexes with the new silver(I) metathesis reaction is demonstrated with the synthesis of the heteroleptic bismuth(III) aminoarenesulfonate complexes [PhBi(O3S-P2)2(dmso)] 10, [Ph2Bi(O3S-P2)]∞ 11 and [PhBi(O3S-P2)2]∞ 12, of which the solid state structures 10 and 12 are presented (2P-SO3(-) = 2-pyridinesulfonate). These complexes offer remarkable in-vitro activity against three standard laboratory strains of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) as demonstrated by their exceptionally low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 0.049 μg mL(-1) for the strains 251 and B128, which places most MIC values in the nano-molar region. These results demonstrate the importance of the amino functionality in addition to the sulfonate group on the bactericidal properties against H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madleen Busse
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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36
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Flahou B, Deun KV, Pasmans F, Smet A, Volf J, Rychlik I, Ducatelle R, Haesebrouck F. The local immune response of mice after Helicobacter suis infection: strain differences and distinction with Helicobacter pylori. Vet Res 2012; 43:75. [PMID: 23107128 PMCID: PMC3537685 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-43-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter (H.) suis colonizes the stomach of pigs and is the most prevalent gastric non-H. pylori Helicobacter species in humans. Limited information is available on host immune responses after infection with this agent and it is unknown if variation in virulence exists between different H. suis strains. Therefore, BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were used to compare colonization ability and gene expression of various inflammatory cytokines, as determined by real-time PCR, after experimental infection with 9 different H. suis strains. All strains were able to persist in the stomach of mice, but the number of colonizing bacteria at 59 days post inoculation was higher in stomachs of C57BL/6 mice compared to BALB/c mice. All H. suis strains caused an upregulation of interleukin (IL)-17, which was more pronounced in BALB/c mice. This upregulation was inversely correlated with the number of colonizing bacteria. Most strains also caused an upregulation of regulatory IL-10, positively correlating with colonization in BALB/c mice. Only in C57BL/6 mice, upregulation of IL-1β was observed. Increased levels of IFN-γ mRNA were never detected, whereas most H. suis strains caused an upregulation of the Th2 signature cytokine IL-4, mainly in BALB/c mice. In conclusion, the genetic background of the murine strain has a clear impact on the colonization ability of different H. suis strains and the immune response they evoke. A predominant Th17 response was observed, accompanied by a mild Th2 response, which is different from the Th17/Th1 response evoked by H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Flahou
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium.
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37
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Guo L, Liu K, Zhao W, Li X, Li T, Tang F, Zhang R, Wu W, Xi T. Immunological features and efficacy of the reconstructed epitope vaccine CtUBE against Helicobacter pylori infection in BALB/c mice model. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:2367-78. [PMID: 23064457 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4486-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Urease is an essential virulence factor and colonization factor for Helicobacter pylori, of which the urease B subunit (UreB) is considered as an excellent vaccine candidate antigen. In previous study, an epitope vaccine with cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) and an epitope (UreB321-339) named CtUBE was constructed and the mice were protected significantly after intragastric vaccination with the CtUBE liposome vaccine. However, the fusion protein CtUBE was expressed as inclusion bodies and was difficultly purified. Besides, the immunogenicity and specificity of the CtUBE vaccine was not investigated in a fairly wide and detailed way. In this study, the fusion peptide CtUBE was reconstructed and expressed as a soluble protein with pectinase signal peptide at the N terminus and the 6-his tag at its C-terminal, and then the immunogenicity, specificity, prophylactic, and therapeutic efficacy of the reconstructed CtUBE (rCtUBE) vaccine were evaluated in BALB/c mice model after purification. The experimental results indicated that mice immunized with rCtUBE could produce comparatively high level of specific antibodies which could respond to natural H. pylori urease, UreB, or the minimal epitope UreB327-334 involved with the active site of urease, and showed effectively inhibitory effect on the enzymatic activity of urease. Besides, oral prophylactic or therapeutic immunization with rCtUBE significantly decreased H. pylori colonization compared with oral immunization with rCTB or PBS, and the protection was correlated with antigen-specific IgG, IgA, and mucosal sIgA antibody responses, and a Th2 cells response. This rCtUBE vaccine may be a promising vaccine candidate for the control of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Guo
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
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38
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da Silva CR, Michel V, Genovese S, Prévost MC, Epifano F, Touati E. Anti-Helicobacter Pylori Activities of Natural Isopentenyloxycinnamyl Derivatives from Boronia Pinnata. Nat Prod Commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1200701024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we investigated the anti- Helicobacter pylori activity of four isopentenyloxycinnamyl derivatives from the Australian shrub Boronia pinnata Sm. (Rutaceae), structurally related to boropinic acid: ( E)-3-(4-(3-methylbut-2-enyloxy)-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)acrylaldehyde (1), boropinol C (2), boropinal (3) and boropinol A (4). In vitro growth of H. pylori strains 26695 and B128 was analyzed in liquid culture with increasing doses of these compounds. Bacterial morphology was visualized by scanning electron microscopy. The in vivo effects of the two most efficient molecules that reduced bacterial growth in vitro, compounds 3 and 4, were investigated on H. pylori gastric colonization in the mouse model. The presence of these compounds in the bacterial cultures led to alterations of bacterial surface and flagella. In vivo, both compounds 3 and 4 at 250 μM reduced significantly the ability of H. pylori to colonize the gastric mucosa of mice, compared with untreated ones. These data indicate that these natural isopentenyloxycinnamyl derivatives related to boropinic acid can be considered as novel antibacterial agents with anti- H. pylori activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Ribeiro da Silva
- Unit of Helicobacter Pathogenesis, Institut Pasteur,75724 Paris cedex 15, France
- CNRS-ERL3526, Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur,75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Valérie Michel
- Unit of Helicobacter Pathogenesis, Institut Pasteur,75724 Paris cedex 15, France
- CNRS-ERL3526, Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur,75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Salvatore Genovese
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università “G. D'Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy
| | - Marie-Christine Prévost
- Plateform of Ultrastructurale Microscopy, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Francesco Epifano
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università “G. D'Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy
| | - Eliette Touati
- Unit of Helicobacter Pathogenesis, Institut Pasteur,75724 Paris cedex 15, France
- CNRS-ERL3526, Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur,75724 Paris cedex 15, France
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Roure S, Bonis M, Chaput C, Ecobichon C, Mattox A, Barrière C, Geldmacher N, Guadagnini S, Schmitt C, Prévost MC, Labigne A, Backert S, Ferrero RL, Boneca IG. Peptidoglycan maturation enzymes affect flagellar functionality in bacteria. Mol Microbiol 2012; 86:845-56. [PMID: 22994973 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The flagellar machinery is a highly complex organelle composed of a free rotating flagellum and a fixed stator that converts energy into movement. The assembly of the flagella and the stator requires interactions with the peptidoglycan layer through which the organelle has to pass for externalization. Lytic transglycosylases are peptidoglycan degrading enzymes that cleave the sugar backbone of peptidoglycan layer. We show that an endogenous lytic transglycosylase is required for full motility of Helicobacter pylori and colonization of the gastric mucosa. Deficiency of motility resulted from a paralysed phenotype implying an altered ability to generate flagellar rotation. Similarly, another Gram-negative pathogen Salmonella typhimurium and the Gram-positive pathogen Listeria monocytogenes required the activity of lytic transglycosylases, Slt or MltC, and a glucosaminidase (Auto), respectively, for full motility. Furthermore, we show that in absence of the appropriate lytic transglycosylase, the flagellar motor protein MotB from H. pylori does not localize properly to the bacterial pole. We present a new model involving the maturation of the surrounding peptidoglycan for the proper anchoring and functionality of the flagellar motor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Roure
- Institut Pasteur, Group Biology and Genetics of the Bacterial Cell Wall, Paris, F-75015, France
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40
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Andrews PC, Busse M, Deacon GB, Ferrero RL, Junk PC, MacLellan JG, Vom A. Remarkable in vitro bactericidal activity of bismuth(III) sulfonates against Helicobacter pylori. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:11798-806. [PMID: 22903621 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt31360j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Four new tris-substituted bismuth(III) sulfonates of general formula [Bi(O(3)SR)(3)] (R = phenyl 1, p-tolyl 2, 2,4,6-mesityl 3 and S-(+)-10-camphoryl 4) have been synthesised and characterised. Their synthesis by solvent-free (SF) and solvent-mediated (SM) methods has been explored and their activity against Helicobacter pylori has been investigated. The compounds 1-4 display a remarkable in vitro activity against three laboratory strains of H. pylori (B128, 26,695 and 251) with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values as low as 0.049 μg mL(-1) for the strains B128 and 26,695, and 0.781 μg mL(-1) for the clinical isolate 251. This places most MIC values in the nano-molar region and demonstrates the strong influence of the sulfonate group on the bactericidal properties. The novel solid state structure [Bi(8)(O(3)SMes)(20)(SO(4))(2)(H(2)O)(6)]·(C(7)H(8))(7)5·(C(7)H(8))(7), derived from the SM reaction under reflux conditions, is presented and the incorporation of the two inorganic sulfate anions in the centre of the wheel-like bismuth sulfonate cluster explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Andrews
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
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41
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Gomes J, Magalhães A, Carvalho AS, Hernandez GE, Papp SL, Head SR, Michel V, David L, Gärtner F, Touati E, Reis CA. Glycophenotypic alterations induced by Pteridium aquilinum in mice gastric mucosa: synergistic effect with Helicobacter pylori infection. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38353. [PMID: 22719879 PMCID: PMC3374793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The bracken fern Pteridium aquilinum is a plant known to be carcinogenic to animals. Epidemiological studies have shown an association between bracken fern exposure and gastric cancer development in humans. The biological effects of exposure to this plant within the gastric carcinogenesis process are not fully understood. In the present work, effects in the gastric mucosa of mice treated with Pteridium aquilinum were evaluated, as well as molecular mechanisms underlying the synergistic role with Helicobacter pylori infection. Our results showed that exposure to Pteridium aquilinum induces histomorphological modifications including increased expression of acidic glycoconjugates in the gastric mucosa. The transcriptome analysis of gastric mucosa showed that upon exposure to Pteridium aquilinum several glycosyltransferase genes were differently expressed, including Galntl4, C1galt1 and St3gal2, that are mainly involved in the biosynthesis of simple mucin-type carbohydrate antigens. Concomitant treatment with Pteridium aquilinum and infection with Helicobacter pylori also resulted in differently expressed glycosyltransferase genes underlying the biosynthesis of terminal sialylated Lewis antigens, including Sialyl-Lewisx. These results disclose the molecular basis for the altered pattern of glycan structures observed in the mice gastric mucosa. The gene transcription alterations and the induced glycophenotypic changes observed in the gastric mucosa contribute for the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of Pteridium aquilinum in the gastric carcinogenesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Gomes
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, Paris, France
| | - Ana Magalhães
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana S. Carvalho
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Suzanne L. Papp
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Steven R. Head
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Valérie Michel
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, Paris, France
| | - Leonor David
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Gärtner
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eliette Touati
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, Paris, France
| | - Celso A. Reis
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of the epitope vaccine CTB-UA against Helicobacter pylori infection in a BALB/c mice model. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 95:1437-44. [PMID: 22569640 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epitope vaccine based on the enzyme urease of Helicobacter pylori is a promising option for prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination against H. pylori infection. In our previous study, the epitope vaccine CTB-UA, which was composed of the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) and an epitope (UreA₁₈₃₋₂₀₃) from the H. pylori urease A subunit (UreA) was constructed. This particular vaccine was shown to have good immunogenicity and immunoreactivity and could induce specific neutralizing antibodies, which exhibited effectively inhibitory effects on the enzymatic activity of H. pylori urease. In this study, the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of the epitope vaccine CTB-UA was evaluated in a BALB/c mice model. The experimental results indicated that oral prophylactic or therapeutic immunization with CTB-UA significantly decreased H. pylori colonization compared with oral immunization with PBS. The results also revealed that the protection was correlated with antigen-specific IgG, IgA, and mucosal secretory IgA antibody responses. CTB-UA may be a promising vaccine candidate for the control of H. pylori infection.
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Correia M, Michel V, Matos AA, Carvalho P, Oliveira MJ, Ferreira RM, Dillies MA, Huerre M, Seruca R, Figueiredo C, Machado JC, Touati E. Docosahexaenoic acid inhibits Helicobacter pylori growth in vitro and mice gastric mucosa colonization. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35072. [PMID: 22529974 PMCID: PMC3328494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
H. pylori drug-resistant strains and non-compliance to therapy are the major causes of H. pylori eradication failure. For some bacterial species it has been demonstrated that fatty acids have a growth inhibitory effect. Our main aim was to assess the ability of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to inhibit H. pylori growth both in vitro and in a mouse model. The effectiveness of standard therapy (ST) in combination with DHA on H. pylori eradication and recurrence prevention success was also investigated. The effects of DHA on H. pylori growth were analyzed in an in vitro dose-response study and n in vivo model. We analized the ability of H. pylori to colonize mice gastric mucosa following DHA, ST or a combination of both treatments. Our data demonstrate that DHA decreases H. pylori growth in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, DHA inhibits H. pylori gastric colonization in vivo as well as decreases mouse gastric mucosa inflammation. Addition of DHA to ST was also associated with lower H. pylori infection recurrence in the mouse model. In conclusion, DHA is an inhibitor of H. pylori growth and its ability to colonize mouse stomach. DHA treatment is also associated with a lower recurrence of H. pylori infection in combination with ST. These observations pave the way to consider DHA as an adjunct agent in H. pylori eradication treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Correia
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Unité de Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Michel
- Unité de Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - António A. Matos
- Serviço de Microscopia Electrónica, Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Aveiro University, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Carvalho
- Serviço de Microscopia Electrónica, Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Aveiro University, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria J. Oliveira
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui M. Ferreira
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marie-Agnès Dillies
- Plate-forme Transcriptome et Epigénome, Génopole Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Michel Huerre
- Unité de Recherche et d'Expertise en Histotechnologie et Pathologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Raquel Seruca
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ceu Figueiredo
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jose C. Machado
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail: (JCM); (ET)
| | - Eliette Touati
- Unité de Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (JCM); (ET)
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Hutton ML, Kaparakis-Liaskos M, Ferrero RL. The use of AlbuMAX II(®) as a blood or serum alternative for the culture of Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter 2012; 17:68-76. [PMID: 22221619 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2011.00914.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth of Helicobacter pyloriin vitro depends on supplementation of the medium with blood or serum. However, these supplements often require frozen storage and can show batch-to-batch variation, resulting in differences in bacterial growth. In this study, we introduce the use of a commercially available, lipid-rich supplement called AlbuMAX II(®) (Gibco BRL, Grand Island, NY, USA) for use as a serum/blood replacement for H. pylori culture. MATERIALS AND METHODS The growth of H. pylori on solid and liquid media was examined by comparing growth after supplementation with horse blood, fetal calf serum, β-cyclodextrin or AlbuMAX II(®) (Gibco BRL). Human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cellular responses to H. pylori were measured by NF-κB luciferase assays and IL-8 ELISA. RESULTS We show that the growth of H. pylori on both solid and liquid media containing AlbuMAX II(®) (Gibco BRL) were comparable to levels obtained on blood agar or liquid media supplemented with serum. Growth was consistently higher in media supplemented with AlbuMAX II(®) (Gibco BRL) than media containing β-cyclodextrin. Furthermore, bacteria grown in AlbuMAX II(®) (Gibco BRL) induced proinflammatory responses in AGS cells. CONCLUSIONS AlbuMAX II(®) (Gibco BRL) can be used as a serum/blood replacement for the cultivation of H. pylori in solid and liquid media. This medium could be useful for an improved understanding of H. pylori metabolism or for antigen production. Furthermore, AlbuMAX II(®) (Gibco BRL) may be suitable for use in remote locations, particularly in areas where frozen storage of serum may be a problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie L Hutton
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Taylor NS, Fox JG. Animal models of Helicobacter-induced disease: methods to successfully infect the mouse. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 921:131-42. [PMID: 23015501 PMCID: PMC3545442 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-005-2_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Animal models of microbial diseases in humans are an essential component for determining fulfillment of Koch's postulates and determining how the organism causes disease, host response(s), disease prevention, and treatment. In the case of Helicobacter pylori, establishing an animal model to fulfill Koch's postulates initially proved so challenging that out of frustration a human volunteer undertook an experiment to become infected with H. pylori and to monitor disease progression in order to determine if it did cause gastritis. For the discovery of the organism and his fulfillment of Koch's postulates he and a colleague were awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine. After H. pylori was established as a gastric pathogen, it took several years before a model was developed in mice, opening the study of the organism and its pathogenicity to the general scientific community. However, while the model is widely utilized, there are a number of difficulties that can arise and need to be overcome. The purpose of this chapter is to raise awareness regarding the problems, and to offer reliable protocols for successfully establishing the H. pylori mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy S Taylor
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Ferrero RL, Wilson JE, Sutton P. Mouse models of Helicobacter-induced gastric cancer: use of cocarcinogens. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 921:157-173. [PMID: 23015503 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-005-2_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The human pathogen Helicobacter pylori causes inflammation in the stomach of infected hosts, leading in some cases to the development of gastric cancer. Several mouse models have been developed to study Helicobacter-induced carcinogenesis with similarities to gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALToma) in humans. These models require chronic infection of animals with mouse-colonizing isolates of H. pylori or with related gastric Helicobacter spp., such as the canine/feline species Helicobacter felis. Furthermore, consistent with the known influence of host and environmental factors in human gastric cancer, it is possible to manipulate the type and severity of gastric lesions in mouse Helicobacter infection models through the use of different mouse genetic backgrounds and/or by the administration of known cocarcinogens, such as alkylating agents (e.g., N-nitroso-N-methylurea), or even elevated quantities of dietary salt. Here, we describe protocols for the inoculation of mice with gastric Helicobacter spp. and the administration of these cocarcinogens. Furthermore, we will describe the various methodologies used to study gastric inflammation and carcinogenesis in Helicobacter-infected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Ferrero
- Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Gantier MP, Irving AT, Kaparakis-Liaskos M, Xu D, Evans VA, Cameron PU, Bourne JA, Ferrero RL, John M, Behlke MA, Williams BRG. Genetic modulation of TLR8 response following bacterial phagocytosis. Hum Mutat 2010; 31:1069-79. [PMID: 20652908 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human Toll-like receptors (TLRs) TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 are important immune sensors of foreign nucleic acids encountered by phagocytes. Although there is growing evidence implicating TLR7 and TLR9 in the detection of intracellular pathogenic bacteria, characterization of such a role for TLR8 is currently lacking. A recent genetic study has correlated the presence of a TLR8 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs3764880:A>G; p.Met1Val) with the development of active tuberculosis, suggesting a role for TLR8 in the detection of phagosomal bacteria. Here we provide the first direct evidence that TLR8 sensing is activated in human monocytic cells following Helicobacter pylori phagocytosis. In addition, we show that rs3764880 fine tunes translation of the two TLR8 main isoforms, without affecting protein function. Although we show that TLR8 variant 2 (TLR8v2) is the prevalent form of TLR8 contributing to TLR8 function, we also uncover a role for the TLR8 long isoform (TLR8v1) in the positive regulation of TLR8 function in CD16(+)CD14(+) differentiated monocytes. Thus, TLR8 sensing can be activated following bacterial phagocytosis, and rs3764880 may play a role in the modulation of TLR8-dependent microbicidal response of infected macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Gantier
- Centre for Cancer Research, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Vitamin B6 is required for full motility and virulence in Helicobacter pylori. mBio 2010; 1. [PMID: 21151756 PMCID: PMC3000542 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00112-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in our understanding of how Helicobacter pylori causes disease, the factors that allow this pathogen to persist in the stomach have not yet been fully characterized. To identify new virulence factors in H. pylori, we generated low-infectivity variants of a mouse-colonizing H. pylori strain using the classical technique of in vitro attenuation. The resulting variants and their highly infectious progenitor bacteria were then analyzed by global gene expression profiling. The gene expression levels of five open reading frames (ORFs) were significantly reduced in low-infectivity variants, with the most significant changes observed for ORFs HP1583 and HP1582. These ORFs were annotated as encoding homologs of the Escherichia coli vitamin B6 biosynthesis enzymes PdxA and PdxJ. Functional complementation studies with E. coli confirmed H. pylori PdxA and PdxJ to be bona fide homologs of vitamin B6 biosynthesis enzymes. Importantly, H. pylori PdxA was required for optimal growth in vitro and was shown to be essential for chronic colonization in mice. In addition to having a well-known metabolic role, vitamin B6 is necessary for the synthesis of glycosylated flagella and for flagellum-based motility in H. pylori. Thus, for the first time, we identify vitamin B6 biosynthesis enzymes as novel virulence factors in bacteria. Interestingly, pdxA and pdxJ orthologs are present in a number of human pathogens, but not in mammalian cells. We therefore propose that PdxA/J enzymes may represent ideal candidates for therapeutic targets against bacterial pathogens. Approximately half of the world’s population is infected with H. pylori, yet how H. pylori bacteria establish chronic infections in human hosts remains elusive. From gene array studies, we identified two genes as representing potentially novel colonization factors for H. pylori. These genes encoded enzymes involved in the synthesis of vitamin B6, an important molecule for many metabolic reactions in living organisms. Little is currently known regarding vitamin B6 biosynthesis in human pathogens. We showed that mutant H. pylori bacteria lacking an enzyme involved in de novo vitamin B6 biosynthesis, PdxA, were unable to synthesize motility appendages (flagella) and were unable to establish chronic colonization in mice. Thus, this work identifies vitamin B6 biosynthesis enzymes as novel virulence factors for bacterial pathogens. Interestingly, a number of human pathogens, but not their mammalian hosts, possess these genes, which suggests that Pdx enzymes may represent ideal candidates for new therapeutic targets.
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Helicobacter pylori exploits cholesterol-rich microdomains for induction of NF-kappaB-dependent responses and peptidoglycan delivery in epithelial cells. Infect Immun 2010; 78:4523-31. [PMID: 20713621 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00439-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Helicobacter pylori cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI)-positive strains is associated with more destructive tissue damage and an increased risk of severe disease. The cagPAI encodes a type IV secretion system (TFSS) that delivers the bacterial effector molecules CagA and peptidoglycan into the host cell cytoplasm, thereby inducing responses in host cells. It was previously shown that interactions between CagL, present on the TFSS pilus, and host α(5)β(1) integrin molecules were critical for CagA translocation and the induction of cytoskeletal rearrangements in epithelial cells. As the α(5)β(1) integrin is found in cholesterol-rich microdomains (known as lipid rafts), we hypothesized that these domains may also be involved in the induction of proinflammatory responses mediated by NOD1 recognition of H. pylori peptidoglycan. Indeed, not only did methyl-β-cyclodextrin depletion of cholesterol from cultured epithelial cells have a significant effect on the levels of NF-κB and interleukin-8 (IL-8) responses induced by H. pylori bacteria with an intact TFSS (P < 0.05), but it also interfered with TFSS-mediated peptidoglycan delivery to cells. Both of these effects could be restored by cholesterol replenishment of the cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated for the first time the involvement of α(5)β(1) integrin in the induction of proinflammatory responses by H. pylori. Taking the results together, we propose that α(5)β(1) integrin, which is associated with cholesterol-rich microdomains at the host cell surface, is required for NOD1 recognition of peptidoglycan and subsequent induction of NF-κB-dependent responses to H. pylori. These data implicate cholesterol-rich microdomains as a novel platform for TFSS-dependent delivery of bacterial products to cytosolic pathogen recognition molecules.
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Coupled amino acid deamidase-transport systems essential for Helicobacter pylori colonization. Infect Immun 2010; 78:2782-92. [PMID: 20368342 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00149-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to their classical roles as carbon or nitrogen sources, amino acids can be used for bacterial virulence, colonization, or stress resistance. We found that original deamidase-transport systems impact colonization by Helicobacter pylori, a human pathogen associated with gastric pathologies, including adenocarcinoma. We demonstrated that l-asparaginase (Hp-AnsB) and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (Hp-gammaGT) are highly active periplasmic deamidases in H. pylori, producing ammonia and aspartate or glutamate from asparagine and glutamine, respectively. Hp-GltS was identified as a sole and specialized transporter for glutamate, while aspartate was exclusively imported by Hp-DcuA. Uptake of Gln and Asn strictly relies on indirect pathways following prior periplasmic deamidation into Glu and Asp. Hence, in H. pylori, the coupled action of periplasmic deamidases with their respective transporters enables the acquisition of Glu and Asp from Gln and Asn, respectively. These systems were active at neutral rather than acidic pH, suggesting their function near the host epithelial cells. We showed that Hp-DcuA, the fourth component of these novel deamidase-transport systems, was as crucial as Hp-gammaGT, Hp-AnsB, and Hp-GltS for animal model colonization. In conclusion, the pH-regulated coupled amino acid deamidase-uptake system represents an original optimized system that is essential for in vivo colonization of the stomach environment by H. pylori. We propose a model in which these two nonredundant systems participate in H. pylori virulence by depleting gastric or immune cells from protective amino acids such as Gln and producing toxic ammonia close to the host cells.
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