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Opgenorth J, Mayorga EJ, Abeyta MA, Goetz BM, Rodriguez-Jimenez S, Freestone AD, McGill JL, Baumgard LH. Intravenous lipopolysaccharide challenge in early- versus mid-lactation dairy cattle. I: The immune and inflammatory responses. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:6225-6239. [PMID: 38428491 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Cows in early lactation (EL) are purportedly immune suppressed, which renders them more susceptible to disease. Thus, the study objective was to compare key biomarkers of immune activation from i.v. LPS between EL and mid-lactation (ML) cows. Multiparous EL (20 ± 2 DIM; n = 11) and ML (131 ± 31 DIM; n = 12) cows were enrolled in a 2 × 2 factorial design and assigned to 1 of 2 treatments by lactation stage (LS): (1) EL (EL-LPS; n = 6) or ML (ML-LPS; n = 6) cows administered a single LPS bolus from Escherichia coli O55:B5 (0.09 µg/kg of BW), or (2) pair-fed (PF) EL (EL-PF; n = 5) or ML (ML-PF; n = 6) cows administered i.v. saline. After LPS administration, cows were intensely evaluated for 3 d to analyze their response and recovery to LPS. Rectal temperature increased in LPS relative to PF cows (1.1°C in the first 9 h), and the response was more severe in EL-LPS relative to ML-LPS cows (2.3 vs. 1.3°C increase at 4 h post-LPS; respectively). Respiration rate increased only in EL-LPS cows (47% relative to ML-LPS in the first hour post-LPS). Circulating tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-1β, and IFN-γ-inducible protein-10 increased within the first 6 h after LPS and these changes were exacerbated in EL-LPS relative to ML-LPS cows (6.3-fold, 4.8-fold, 57%, 93%, 10%, and 61%, respectively). All cows administered LPS had decreased circulating iCa relative to PF cows (34% at the 6 h nadir), but the hypocalcemia was more severe in EL-LPS than ML-LPS cows (14% at 6 h nadir). In response to LPS, neutrophils decreased regardless of LS, then increased into neutrophilia by 24 h in all LPS relative to PF cows (2-fold); however, the neutrophilic phase was augmented in EL- compared with ML-LPS cows (63% from 24 to 72 h). Lymphocytes and monocytes rapidly decreased then gradually returned to baseline in LPS cows regardless of LS; however, monocytes were increased (57%) at 72 h in EL-LPS relative to ML-LPS cows. Platelets were reduced (46%) in LPS relative to PF cows throughout the 3-d following LPS, and from 24 to 48 h, platelets were further decreased (41%) in EL-LPS compared with ML-LPS. During the 3-d following LPS, serum amyloid A (SAA), LPS-binding protein (LBP), and haptoglobin (Hp) increased in LPS compared with PF groups (9-fold, 72%, and 153-fold, respectively), and the LBP and Hp responses were more exaggerated in EL-LPS than ML-LPS cows (85 and 79%, respectively) whereas the SAA response did not differ by LS. Thus, our data indicates that EL immune function does not appear "suppressed," and in fact many aspects of the immune response are seemingly functionally robust.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Opgenorth
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - E J Mayorga
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - M A Abeyta
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - B M Goetz
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | | | - A D Freestone
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - J L McGill
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - L H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011.
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Bergheim I, Moreno-Navarrete JM. The relevance of intestinal barrier dysfunction, antimicrobial proteins and bacterial endotoxin in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14224. [PMID: 38634717 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a leading cause of end-stage liver disease associated with increased mortality and cardiovascular disease. Obesity and diabetes are the most important risk factors of MASLD. It is well-established that obesity-associated insulin resistance leads to a situation of tissue lipotoxicity characterized by an accumulation of excess fat in non-fat tissues such as the liver, promoting the development of MASLD, and its progression into metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. METHODS Here, we aimed to review the impact of disrupted intestinal permeability, antimicrobial proteins and bacterial endotoxin in the development and progression of MASLD. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Recent studies demonstrated that obesity- and obesogenic diets-associated alterations of intestinal microbiota along with the disruption of intestinal barrier integrity, the alteration in antimicrobial proteins and, in consequence, an enhanced translocation of bacterial endotoxin into bloodstream might contribute to this pathological process through to impacting liver metabolism and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - José María Moreno-Navarrete
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI-CERCA), Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
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Luongo D, De Sena V, Maurano F, Rossi M. Modulation of Mouse Dendritic Cells In Vitro by Lactobacillus gasseri Postbiotic Proteins. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10292-6. [PMID: 38836988 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10292-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Different lactobacilli are probiotics for their beneficial effects that confer to the host. Recently, some of these effects were associated with released metabolic products/constituents (postbiotics). In the present study, the potential immunomodulatory capacity of the probiotic Lactobacillus gasseri OLL2809 cell-free supernatant (sup) was investigated in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs). Bacteria induced significantly higher expression of all examined cytokines than those induced by the stimulatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS) itself. On the contrary, sup only induced the anti-inflammatory IL-10 similarly to LPS, whereas IL-12 and IL-6 secretions were stimulated at a lower level. Moreover, sup reduced the surface expression of the analyzed co-stimulatory markers CD40, CD80, and CD86. Treatments of sup with different digestive enzymes indicated the proteinaceous nature of these immunomodulatory metabolites. Western blot and immunoadsorption analyzes revealed cross-reactivity of sup with the surface-layer proteins (SLPs) isolated from OLL2809. Therefore, we directly tested the ability of OLL2809 SLPs to stimulate specifically cytokine expression in iDCs. Interestingly, we found that all tested cytokines were induced by SLPs and in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, our results highlighted distinct immune properties between L. gasseri OLL2809 and its metabolites, supporting the concept that bacterial viability is not an essential prerequisite to exert immunomodulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diomira Luongo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo De Sena
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Francesco Maurano
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Mauro Rossi
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
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Martínez-García MÁ, Quintero-Tobar A, de Lope Quiñones S, Insenser M, Fernández-Durán E, Escobar-Morreale HF, Luque-Ramírez M. Obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome influence on intestinal permeability at fasting, and modify the effect of diverse macronutrients on the gut barrier. Food Res Int 2024; 186:114338. [PMID: 38729719 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Women with the extremely prevalent polycystic ovary syndromegather multiple cardiovascular risk factors and chronic subclinical inflammation. Interactions between diet, adiposity, and gut microbiota modulate intestinal permeabilityand bacterial product translocation, and may contribute to the chronic inflammation process associated with the polycystic ovary syndrome. In the present study, we aimed to address the effects of obesity, functional hyperandrogenism, and diverse oral macronutrients on intestinal permeabilityby measuring circulating markers of gut barrier dysfunction and endotoxemia. Participants included 17 non-hyperandrogenic control women, 17 women with polycystic ovary syndrome, and 19 men that were submitted to glucose, lipid, and protein oral loads. Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, plasma soluble CD14, succinate, zonulin family peptide, and glucagon-like peptide-2 were determined at fasting and after oral challenges. Macronutrient challenges induced diverse changes on circulating intestinal permeabilitybiomarkers in the acute postprancial period, with lipids and proteins showing the most unfavorable and favorable effects, respectively. Particularly, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, zonulin family peptide, and glucagon-like peptide-2 responses were deregulated by the presence of obesity after glucose and lipid challenges. Obese subjects showed higher fasting intestinal permeabilitybiomarkers levels than non-obese individuals, except for plasma soluble CD14. The polycystic ovary syndromeexacerbated the effect of obesity further increasing fasting glucagon-like peptide-2, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, and succinate concentrations. We observed specific interactions of the polycystic ovary syndromewith obesity in the postprandial response of succinate, zonulin family peptide, and glucagon-like peptide-2. In summary, obesity and polycystic ovary syndromemodify the effect of diverse macronutrients on the gut barrier, and alsoinfluence intestinal permeabilityat fasting,contributing to the morbidity of functional hyperandrogenism by inducing endotoxemia and subclinical chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ángeles Martínez-García
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Quintero-Tobar
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara de Lope Quiñones
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Insenser
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Fernández-Durán
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Héctor Francisco Escobar-Morreale
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Luque-Ramírez
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain.
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Chirivi M, Contreras GA. Endotoxin-induced alterations of adipose tissue function: a pathway to bovine metabolic stress. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:53. [PMID: 38581064 PMCID: PMC10998405 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
During the periparturient period, dairy cows exhibit negative energy balance due to limited appetite and increased energy requirements for lactogenesis. The delicate equilibrium between energy availability and expenditure puts cows in a state of metabolic stress characterized by excessive lipolysis in white adipose tissues (AT), increased production of reactive oxygen species, and immune cell dysfunction. Metabolic stress, especially in AT, increases the risk for metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Around parturition, cows are also susceptible to endotoxemia. Bacterial-derived toxins cause endotoxemia by promoting inflammatory processes and immune cell infiltration in different organs and systems while impacting metabolic function by altering lipolysis, mitochondrial activity, and insulin sensitivity. In dairy cows, endotoxins enter the bloodstream after overcoming the defense mechanisms of the epithelial barriers, particularly during common periparturient conditions such as mastitis, metritis, and pneumonia, or after abrupt changes in the gut microbiome. In the bovine AT, endotoxins induce a pro-inflammatory response and stimulate lipolysis in AT, leading to the release of free fatty acids into the bloodstream. When excessive and protracted, endotoxin-induced lipolysis can impair adipocyte's insulin signaling pathways and lipid synthesis. Endotoxin exposure can also induce oxidative stress in AT through the production of reactive oxygen species by inflammatory cells and other cellular components. This review provides insights into endotoxins' impact on AT function, highlighting the gaps in our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying AT dysfunction, its connection with periparturient cows' disease risk, and the need to develop effective interventions to prevent and treat endotoxemia-related inflammatory conditions in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Chirivi
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - G Andres Contreras
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Knudsen JK, Bundgaard-Nielsen C, Leutscher P, Hjerrild S, Nielsen RE, Sørensen S. Differences in bacterial taxa between treatment-naive patients with major depressive disorder and non-affected controls may be related to a proinflammatory profile. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:84. [PMID: 38297265 PMCID: PMC10832199 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05547-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by sadness and anhedonia, but also physical symptoms such as changes in appetite and weight. Gut microbiota has been hypothesized to be involved in MDD through gut-brain axis signaling. Moreover, antidepressants display antibacterial properties in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to compare the gut microbiota and systemic inflammatory profile of young patients with MDD before and after initiation of antidepressant treatment and/or psychotherapy in comparison with a non-depressed control group (nonMDD). METHODS Fecal and blood samples were collected at baseline and at follow-up after four and twelve weeks, respectively. Patients started treatment immediately after collection of the baseline samples. The gut microbiota was characterized by 16 S rRNA gene sequencing targeting the hypervariable V4 region. Plasma levels of 49 unique immune markers were assessed using Mesoscale. RESULTS In total, 27 MDD patients and 32 nonMDD controls were included in the study. The gut microbiota in the baseline samples of MDD versus nonMDD participants did not differ regarding α- or β-diversity. However, there was a higher relative abundance of the genera Ruminococcus gnavus group, and a lower relative abundance of the genera Desulfovibrio, Tyzzerella, Megamonas, Olsenella, Gordonibacter, Allisonella and Rothia in the MDD group compared to the nonMDD group. In the MDD group, there was an increase in the genera Rothia, Desulfovibrio, Gordinobacteer and Lactobacillus, while genera belonging to the Firmicutes phylum were found depleted at twelve weeks follow-up compared to baseline. In the MDD group, IL-7, IL-8 and IL-17b levels were elevated compared to the nonMDD group at baseline. Furthermore, MDI score in the MDD group was found to correlate with Bray-Curtis dissimilarity at baseline, and several inflammatory markers at both baseline and after initiation of antidepressant treatment. CONCLUSION Several bacterial taxa differed between the MDD group and the nonMDD group at baseline and changed in relative abundance during antidepressant treatment and/or psychotherapy. The MDD group was furthermore found to have a pro-inflammatory profile compared to the nonMDD group at baseline. Further studies are required to investigate the gut microbiota and pro-inflammatory profile of patients with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Kristine Knudsen
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Bispensgade 37, Hjørring, 9800, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Caspar Bundgaard-Nielsen
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Bispensgade 37, Hjørring, 9800, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Peter Leutscher
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Bispensgade 37, Hjørring, 9800, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Simon Hjerrild
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - René Ernst Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Suzette Sørensen
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Bispensgade 37, Hjørring, 9800, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
- Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, Aalborg, Denmark.
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Vella LA, Berna AZ, Blatz AM, Logan J, Sharma P, Liu Y, Tedesco J, Toland C, Babiker L, Hafertepe K, Kammerman S, Novacek J, Akaho E, Gonzalez AK, Taylor D, Diorio C, Balamuth F, Bassiri H, Odom John AR. Metabolomic and Immunologic Discriminators of MIS-C at Emergency Room Presentation. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.01.11.24301110. [PMID: 38293197 PMCID: PMC10827247 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.11.24301110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Childhood (MIS-C) follows SARS-CoV-2 infection and frequently leads to intensive care unit admission. The inability to rapidly discriminate MIS-C from similar febrile illnesses delays treatment and leads to misdiagnosis. To identify diagnostic discriminators at the time of emergency department presentation, we enrolled 104 children who met MIS-C screening criteria, 14 of whom were eventually diagnosed with MIS-C. Before treatment, we collected breath samples for volatiles and peripheral blood for measurement of plasma proteins and immune cell features. Clinical and laboratory features were used as inputs for a machine learning model to determine diagnostic importance. MIS-C was associated with significant changes in breath volatile organic compound (VOC) composition as well as increased plasma levels of secretory phospholipase A2 (PLA2G2A) and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP). In an integrated model of all analytes, the proportion of TCRVβ21.3+ non-naive CD4 T cells expressing Ki-67 had a high sensitivity and specificity for MIS-C, with diagnostic accuracy further enhanced by low sodium and high PLA2G2A. We anticipate that accurate diagnosis will become increasingly difficult as MIS-C becomes less common. Clinical validation and application of this diagnostic model may improve outcomes in children presenting with multisystem febrile illnesses.
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Feng V, Lanctot K, Herrmann N, Kiss A, Fischer CE, Flint AJ, Mah L, Mulsant BH, Pollock BG, Rajji TK, Tumati S, Verhoeff NP, Graff-Guerrero A, Gallagher D. Lipopolysaccharide, Immune Biomarkers and Cerebral Amyloid-Beta Deposition in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment & Major Depressive Disorder. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 31:786-795. [PMID: 37211499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2023.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammatory activation and increased immune response to lipopolysaccharide occur in both depression and cognitive decline and may link these two conditions. We investigated whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS binding protein (LBP) and peripheral biomarkers of immune response were associated with increased cerebral deposition of amyloid-beta (Abeta) in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and remitted major depressive disorder (rMDD). DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis. SETTING Five academic health centers in Toronto. PARTICIPANTS Older adults with MCI with/without rMDD. MEASUREMENTS We investigated the associations among serum LPS, LBP, biomarkers of inflammatory activation - Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and cerebral Abeta deposition quantified by positron emission tomography. RESULTS Among 133 study participants (82 with MCI and 51 with MCI+rMDD) there was no association between LPS (beta - 0.17, p = 0.8) or LBP (beta - 0.11, p = 0.12) and global deposition of Abeta following adjustment for age, gender, and APOE genotype in multivariable regression analyses. LBP was positively correlated with CRP (r = 0.5, p <0.001) and IL-6 (r = 0.2, p = 0.02) but no inflammatory biomarker was associated with Abeta deposition; rMDD was not associated with deposition of Abeta (beta -0.09, p = 0.22). CONCLUSION In this cross-sectional analysis, we did not find an association among LPS/LBP, immune biomarkers or rMDD and global deposition of Abeta. Future analyses should assess the longitudinal relationships between peripheral and central biomarkers of immune activation, depression and cerebral Abeta deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Feng
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group (VF, KL, NH, AK, ST, DG), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Krista Lanctot
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group (VF, KL, NH, AK, ST, DG), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry (KL, NH, CEF, AJF, LM, BHM, BGP, TKR, NPV, AG-G, DG), Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group (VF, KL, NH, AK, ST, DG), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry (KL, NH, CEF, AJF, LM, BHM, BGP, TKR, NPV, AG-G, DG), Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alex Kiss
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group (VF, KL, NH, AK, ST, DG), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (AK), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Corinne E Fischer
- Department of Psychiatry (KL, NH, CEF, AJF, LM, BHM, BGP, TKR, NPV, AG-G, DG), Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science (CEF), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alastair J Flint
- Department of Psychiatry (KL, NH, CEF, AJF, LM, BHM, BGP, TKR, NPV, AG-G, DG), Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Centre for Mental Health (AJF), University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Linda Mah
- Department of Psychiatry (KL, NH, CEF, AJF, LM, BHM, BGP, TKR, NPV, AG-G, DG), Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry (LM, NPV), Baycrest Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; Rotman Research Institute (LM), Baycrest Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Benoit H Mulsant
- Department of Psychiatry (KL, NH, CEF, AJF, LM, BHM, BGP, TKR, NPV, AG-G, DG), Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Adult Neurodevelopment and Geriatric Psychiatry Division (BHM, BGP, TKR, AG-G), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Toronto Dementia Research Alliance (BMH, BGP, TKR, NPV), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bruce G Pollock
- Department of Psychiatry (KL, NH, CEF, AJF, LM, BHM, BGP, TKR, NPV, AG-G, DG), Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Adult Neurodevelopment and Geriatric Psychiatry Division (BHM, BGP, TKR, AG-G), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Toronto Dementia Research Alliance (BMH, BGP, TKR, NPV), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tarek K Rajji
- Department of Psychiatry (KL, NH, CEF, AJF, LM, BHM, BGP, TKR, NPV, AG-G, DG), Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Adult Neurodevelopment and Geriatric Psychiatry Division (BHM, BGP, TKR, AG-G), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Toronto Dementia Research Alliance (BMH, BGP, TKR, NPV), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shankar Tumati
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group (VF, KL, NH, AK, ST, DG), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nicolaas Paul Verhoeff
- Department of Psychiatry (KL, NH, CEF, AJF, LM, BHM, BGP, TKR, NPV, AG-G, DG), Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry (LM, NPV), Baycrest Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; Toronto Dementia Research Alliance (BMH, BGP, TKR, NPV), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Department of Psychiatry (KL, NH, CEF, AJF, LM, BHM, BGP, TKR, NPV, AG-G, DG), Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Adult Neurodevelopment and Geriatric Psychiatry Division (BHM, BGP, TKR, AG-G), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Damien Gallagher
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group (VF, KL, NH, AK, ST, DG), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry (KL, NH, CEF, AJF, LM, BHM, BGP, TKR, NPV, AG-G, DG), Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Santos DS, De Nicola A, dos Santos VF, Milano G, Soares TA. Exploring the Molecular Dynamics of a Lipid-A Vesicle at the Atom Level: Morphology and Permeation Mechanism. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:6694-6702. [PMID: 37467380 PMCID: PMC10405212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c02848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-A was previously shown to spontaneously aggregate into a vesicle via the hybrid particle field approach. We assess the validity of the proposed vesiculation mechanism by simulating the resulting lipid-A vesicle at the atom level. The spatial confinement imposed by the vesicle geometry on the conformation and packing of lipid-A induces significant heterogeneity of physical properties in the inner and outer leaflets. It also induces tighter molecular packing and lower acyl chain order compared to the lamellar arrangement. Around 5% of water molecules passively permeates the vesicle membrane inward and outward. The permeation is facilitated by interactions with water molecules that are transported across the membrane by a network of electrostatic interactions with the hydrogen bond donors/acceptors in the N-acetylglucosamine ring and upper region of the acyl chains of lipid-A. The permeation process takes place at low rates but still at higher frequencies than observed for the lamellar arrangement of lipid-A. These findings not only substantiate the proposed lipid-A vesiculation mechanism but also reveal the complex structural dynamics of an important nonlamellar arrangement of lipid-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denys
E. S. Santos
- Departmento
de Química Fundamental, Universidade
Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-560, Brazil
| | - Antonio De Nicola
- Scuola
Superiore Meridionale, Largo S. Marcellino 10, Napoli 80138, Italy
- Graduate
School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata
University, Yonezawa 992-8510, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Vinicius F. dos Santos
- Departamento
de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras
de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de
São Paulo, Ribeirão
Preto 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Milano
- Department
of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, Napoli 80125, Italy
| | - Thereza A. Soares
- Departamento
de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras
de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de
São Paulo, Ribeirão
Preto 14040-901, Brazil
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, University
of Oslo, Oslo 0315, Norway
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10
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Stančáková Yaluri A, Tkáč I, Tokarčíková K, Kozelová Z, Rašiová M, Javorský M, Kozárová M. Decreased 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Level Is Associated with All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes at High Cardiovascular Risk. Metabolites 2023; 13:887. [PMID: 37623831 PMCID: PMC10456820 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, particularly in individuals with type 2 diabetes. There is a need for new biomarkers to improve the prediction of cardiovascular events and overall mortality. We investigated the association of selected atherosclerosis related biomarkers, specifically osteoprotegerin (OPG), 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D), C-reactive protein (CRP), lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), with the occurrence of any cardiovascular event or all-cause mortality (primary outcome) during a 5.6-year follow-up of 190 patients with type 2 diabetes. Data were analyzed using logistic regression to adjust for baseline cardiovascular status and cardiovascular risk factors. The primary outcome occurred in 89 participants (46.8%) during the study. When analyzed individually, 25(OH)D, CRP, and LBP significantly predicted the primary outcome in multivariable models. However, in a model that included all biomarkers, only a decreased level of 25(OH)D remained a significant predictor of the primary outcome. Moreover, the level of 25(OH)D significantly predicted all-cause mortality: a reduction of 10 ng/mL was associated with a two-fold increase in all-cause mortality. Our study thus demonstrates that vitamin D deficiency was the strongest factor associated with the primary outcome and all-cause mortality after a 5.6-year follow-up in patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Stančáková Yaluri
- Department of Internal Medicine 4, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University and L. Pasteur University Hospital, 04190 Košice, Slovakia; (A.S.Y.); (K.T.); (Z.K.); (M.J.)
| | - Ivan Tkáč
- Department of Internal Medicine 4, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University and L. Pasteur University Hospital, 04190 Košice, Slovakia; (A.S.Y.); (K.T.); (Z.K.); (M.J.)
| | - Katarína Tokarčíková
- Department of Internal Medicine 4, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University and L. Pasteur University Hospital, 04190 Košice, Slovakia; (A.S.Y.); (K.T.); (Z.K.); (M.J.)
| | - Zuzana Kozelová
- Department of Internal Medicine 4, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University and L. Pasteur University Hospital, 04190 Košice, Slovakia; (A.S.Y.); (K.T.); (Z.K.); (M.J.)
| | - Mária Rašiová
- Department of Angiology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University and East Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, 04011 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Martin Javorský
- Department of Internal Medicine 4, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University and L. Pasteur University Hospital, 04190 Košice, Slovakia; (A.S.Y.); (K.T.); (Z.K.); (M.J.)
| | - Miriam Kozárová
- Department of Internal Medicine 4, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University and L. Pasteur University Hospital, 04190 Košice, Slovakia; (A.S.Y.); (K.T.); (Z.K.); (M.J.)
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11
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Brown GC, Camacho M, Williams‐Gray CH. The Endotoxin Hypothesis of Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2023; 38:1143-1155. [PMID: 37157885 PMCID: PMC10947365 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The endotoxin hypothesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the idea that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxins contribute to the pathogenesis of this disorder. LPS endotoxins are found in, and released from, the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, for example in the gut. It is proposed that gut dysfunction in early PD leads to elevated LPS levels in the gut wall and blood, which promotes both α-synuclein aggregation in the enteric neurons and a peripheral inflammatory response. Communication to the brain via circulating LPS and cytokines in the blood and/or the gut-brain axis leads to neuroinflammation and spreading of α-synuclein pathology, exacerbating neurodegeneration in brainstem nuclei and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, and manifesting in the clinical symptoms of PD. The evidence supporting this hypothesis includes: (1) gut dysfunction, permeability, and bacterial changes occur early in PD, (2) serum levels of LPS are increased in a proportion of PD patients, (3) LPS induces α-synuclein expression, aggregation, and neurotoxicity, (4) LPS causes activation of peripheral monocytes leading to inflammatory cytokine production, and (5) blood LPS causes brain inflammation and specific loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, mediated by microglia. If the hypothesis is correct, then treatment options might include: (1) changing the gut microbiome, (2) reducing gut permeability, (3) reducing circulating LPS levels, or (4) blocking the response of immune cells and microglia to LPS. However, the hypothesis has a number of limitations and requires further testing, in particular whether reducing LPS levels can reduce PD incidence, progression, or severity. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy C. Brown
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Marta Camacho
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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12
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Coufal S, Kverka M, Kreisinger J, Thon T, Rob F, Kolar M, Reiss Z, Schierova D, Kostovcikova K, Roubalova R, Bajer L, Jackova Z, Mihula M, Drastich P, Tresnak Hercogova J, Novakova M, Vasatko M, Lukas M, Tlaskalova-Hogenova H, Jiraskova Zakostelska Z. Serum TGF- β1 and CD14 Predicts Response to Anti-TNF- α Therapy in IBD. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:1535484. [PMID: 37383609 PMCID: PMC10299888 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1535484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) agonists revolutionized therapeutic algorithms in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) management. However, approximately every third IBD patient does not respond to this therapy in the long term, which delays efficient control of the intestinal inflammation. Methods We analyzed the power of serum biomarkers to predict the failure of anti-TNF-α. We collected serum of 38 IBD patients at therapy prescription and 38 weeks later and analyzed them with relation to therapy response (no-, partial-, and full response). We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantify 16 biomarkers related to gut barrier (intestinal fatty acid-binding protein, liver fatty acid-binding protein, trefoil factor 3, and interleukin (IL)-33), microbial translocation, immune system regulation (TNF-α, CD14, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, mannan-binding lectin, IL-18, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), osteoprotegerin (OPG), insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2), endocrine-gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor), and matrix metalloproteinase system (MMP-9, MMP-14, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1). Results We found that future full-responders have different biomarker profiles than non-responders, while partial-responders cannot be distinguished from either group. When future non-responders were compared to responders, their baseline contained significantly more TGF-β1, less CD14, and increased level of MMP-9, and concentration of these factors could predict non-responders with high accuracy (AUC = 0.938). Interestingly, during the 38 weeks, levels of MMP-9 decreased in all patients, irrespective of the outcome, while OPG, IGF-2, and TGF-β1 were higher in non-responders compared to full-responders both at the beginning and the end of the treatment. Conclusions The TGF-β1 and CD14 can distinguish non-responders from responders. The changes in biomarker dynamics during the therapy suggest that growth factors (such as OPG, IGF-2, and TGF-β) are not markedly influenced by the treatment and that anti-TNF-α therapy decreases MMP-9 without influencing the treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepan Coufal
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Kverka
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Kreisinger
- Laboratory of Animal Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Thon
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Rob
- Second Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Bulovka, Dermatovenerology Department, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kolar
- ISCARE a.s., IBD Clinical and Research Centre, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Reiss
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Schierova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Kostovcikova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Roubalova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Bajer
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Jackova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Mihula
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Drastich
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Tresnak Hercogova
- Second Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Bulovka, Dermatovenerology Department, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Dermatology Prof. Hercogova, Center for Biological Therapy, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Novakova
- Second Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Bulovka, Dermatovenerology Department, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vasatko
- ISCARE a.s., IBD Clinical and Research Centre, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Lukas
- ISCARE a.s., IBD Clinical and Research Centre, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Tlaskalova-Hogenova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Jiraskova Zakostelska
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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13
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Henningsen K, Mika A, Alcock R, Gaskell SK, Parr A, Rauch C, Russo I, Snipe RMJ, Costa RJS. The increase in core body temperature in response to exertional-heat stress can predict exercise-induced gastrointestinal syndrome. Temperature (Austin) 2023; 11:72-91. [PMID: 38577295 PMCID: PMC10989703 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2023.2213625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Utilizing metadata from existing exertional and exertional-heat stress studies, the study aimed to determine if the exercise-associated increase in core body temperature can predict the change in exercise-induced gastrointestinal syndrome (EIGS) biomarkers and exercise-associated gastrointestinal symptoms (Ex-GIS). Endurance-trained individuals completed 2 h of running exercise in temperate (21.2-30.0°C) to hot (35.0-37.2°C) ambient conditions (n = 132 trials). Blood samples were collected pre- and post-exercise to determine the change in gastrointestinal integrity biomarkers and systemic inflammatory cytokines. Physiological and thermoregulatory strain variables were assessed every 10-15 min during exercise. The strength of the linear relationship between maximal (M-Tre) and change (Δ Tre) in rectal temperature and EIGS variables was determined via Spearman's rank correlation coefficients. While the strength of prediction was determined via simple and multiple linear regression analyses dependent on screened EIGS and Ex-GIS confounding factors. Significant positive correlations between Tre maximum (M-Tre) and change (Δ Tre) with I-FABP (rs = 0.434, p < 0.001; and rs = 0.305, p < 0.001; respectively), sCD14 (rs = 0.358, p < 0.001; and rs = 0.362, p < 0.001), systemic inflammatory response profile (SIR-Profile) (p < 0.001), and total Ex-GIS (p < 0.05) were observed. M-Tre and Δ Tre significantly predicted (adjusted R2) magnitude of change in I-FABP (R2(2,123)=0.164, p < 0.001; and R2(2,119)=0.058, p = 0.011; respectively), sCD14 (R2(2,81)=0.249, p < 0.001; and R2(2,77)=0.214, p < 0.001), SIR-Profile (p < 0.001), and total Ex-GIS (p < 0.05). Strong to weak correlations were observed between M-Tre and Δ Tre with plasma concentrations of I-FABP, sCD14, SIR-Profile, and Ex-GIS in response to exercise. M-Tre and Δ Tre can predict the magnitude of these EIGS variables and Ex-GIS in response to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Henningsen
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alice Mika
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebekah Alcock
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie K. Gaskell
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexandra Parr
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Rauch
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Isabela Russo
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rhiannon M. J. Snipe
- Centre for Sport Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Ricardo J. S. Costa
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Hall DA, Voigt RM, Cantu-Jungles TM, Hamaker B, Engen PA, Shaikh M, Raeisi S, Green SJ, Naqib A, Forsyth CB, Chen T, Manfready R, Ouyang B, Rasmussen HE, Sedghi S, Goetz CG, Keshavarzian A. An open label, non-randomized study assessing a prebiotic fiber intervention in a small cohort of Parkinson's disease participants. Nat Commun 2023; 14:926. [PMID: 36801916 PMCID: PMC9938693 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36497-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A pro-inflammatory intestinal microbiome is characteristic of Parkinson's disease (PD). Prebiotic fibers change the microbiome and this study sought to understand the utility of prebiotic fibers for use in PD patients. The first experiments demonstrate that fermentation of PD patient stool with prebiotic fibers increased the production of beneficial metabolites (short chain fatty acids, SCFA) and changed the microbiota demonstrating the capacity of PD microbiota to respond favorably to prebiotics. Subsequently, an open-label, non-randomized study was conducted in newly diagnosed, non-medicated (n = 10) and treated PD participants (n = 10) wherein the impact of 10 days of prebiotic intervention was evaluated. Outcomes demonstrate that the prebiotic intervention was well tolerated (primary outcome) and safe (secondary outcome) in PD participants and was associated with beneficial biological changes in the microbiota, SCFA, inflammation, and neurofilament light chain. Exploratory analyses indicate effects on clinically relevant outcomes. This proof-of-concept study offers the scientific rationale for placebo-controlled trials using prebiotic fibers in PD patients. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04512599.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Hall
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robin M Voigt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Rush Medical College, Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thaisa M Cantu-Jungles
- Rush Medical College, Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Bruce Hamaker
- Rush Medical College, Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Phillip A Engen
- Rush Medical College, Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maliha Shaikh
- Rush Medical College, Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shohreh Raeisi
- Rush Medical College, Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stefan J Green
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Rush Medical College, Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Genomics and Microbiome Core Facility, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ankur Naqib
- Rush Medical College, Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christopher B Forsyth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Rush Medical College, Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tingting Chen
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Richard Manfready
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bichun Ouyang
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Heather E Rasmussen
- Rush Medical College, Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | - Christopher G Goetz
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Rush Medical College, Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Department of Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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15
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Milbank E, Díaz-Trelles R, Dragano N, Latorre J, Mukthavaram R, Mayneris-Perxachs J, Ortega F, Federici M, Burcelin R, Karmali PP, Tachikawa K, Chivukula P, López M, Fernández-Real JM, Moreno-Navarrete JM. Liver lipopolysaccharide binding protein prevents hepatic inflammation in physiological and pathological non-obesogenic conditions. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106562. [PMID: 36410673 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) knockout mice models are protected against the deleterious effects of major acute inflammation but its possible physiological role has been less well studied. We aimed to evaluate the impact of liver LBP downregulation (using nanoparticles containing siRNA- Lbp) on liver steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis during a standard chow diet (STD), and in pathological non-obesogenic conditions, under a methionine and choline deficient diet (MCD, 5 weeks). Under STD, liver Lbp gene knockdown led to a significant increase in gene expression markers of liver inflammation (Itgax, Tlr4, Ccr2, Ccl2 and Tnf), liver injury (Krt18 and Crp), fibrosis (Col4a1, Col1a2 and Tgfb1), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (Atf6, Hspa5 and Eif2ak3) and protein carbonyl levels. As expected, the MCD increased hepatocyte vacuolation, liver inflammation and fibrosis markers, also increasing liver Lbp mRNA. In this model, liver Lbp gene knockdown resulted in a pronounced worsening of the markers of liver inflammation (also including CD68 and MPO activity), fibrosis, ER stress and protein carbonyl levels, all indicative of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) progression. At cellular level, Lbp gene knockdown also increased expression of the proinflammatory mediators (Il6, Ccl2), and markers of fibrosis (Col1a1, Tgfb1) and protein carbonyl levels. In agreement with these findings, liver LBP mRNA in humans positively correlated with markers of liver damage (circulating hsCRP, ALT activity, liver CRP and KRT18 gene expression), and with a network of genes involved in liver inflammation, innate and adaptive immune system, endoplasmic reticulum stress and neutrophil degranulation (all with q-value<0.05). In conclusion, current findings suggest that a significant downregulation in liver LBP levels promotes liver oxidative stress and inflammation, aggravating NASH progression, in physiological and pathological non-obesogenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Milbank
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Nathalia Dragano
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jèssica Latorre
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain
| | - Francisco Ortega
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain
| | - Massimo Federici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, Rome, Italy
| | - Remy Burcelin
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Miguel López
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
| | - José María Moreno-Navarrete
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
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16
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Sierra JA, Escobar JS, Corrales-Agudelo V, Lara-Guzmán OJ, Velásquez-Mejía EP, Henao-Rojas JC, Caro-Quintero A, Vaillant F, Muñoz-Durango K. Consumption of golden berries (Physalis peruviana L.) might reduce biomarkers of oxidative stress and alter gut permeability in men without changing inflammation status or the gut microbiota. Food Res Int 2022; 162:111949. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Bassini A, Sartoretto S, Jurisica L, Magno-França A, Anderson L, Pearson T, Razavi M, Chandran V, Martin L, Jurisica I, Cameron LC. Sportomics method to assess acute phase proteins in Olympic level athletes using dried blood spots and multiplex assay. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19824. [PMID: 36400821 PMCID: PMC9672598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23300-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sportomics is a subject-centered holistic method similar to metabolomics focusing on sports as the metabolic challenge. Dried blood spot is emerging as a technique due to its simplicity and reproducibility. In addition, mass spectrometry and integrative computational biology enhance our ability to understand exercise-induced modifications. We studied inflammatory blood proteins (Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein-A1AG1; Albumin; Cystatin C; C-reactive protein-CRP; Hemoglobin-HBA; Haptoglobin-HPT; Insulin-like growth factor 1; Lipopolysaccharide binding protein-LBP; Mannose-binding lectin-MBL2; Myeloperoxidase-PERM and Serum amyloid A1-SAA1), in 687 samples from 97 World-class and Olympic athletes across 16 sports in nine states. Data were analyzed with Spearman's rank-order correlation. Major correlations with CRP, LBP; MBL2; A1AG1, and SAA1 were found. The pairs CRP-SAA1 and CRP-LBP appeared with a robust positive correlation. Other pairs, LBP-SAA1; A1AG1-CRP; A1AG1-SAA1; A1AG1-MBL, and A1AG1-LBP, showed a broader correlation across the sports. The protein-protein interaction map revealed 1500 interactions with 44 core proteins, 30 of them linked to immune system processing. We propose that the inflammation follow-up in exercise can provide knowledge for internal cargo management in training, competition, recovery, doping control, and a deeper understanding of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Bassini
- grid.467095.90000 0001 2237 7915Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pasteur, 296 – Urca, Rio de Janeiro, R.J. 22290-350 Brazil ,SOmics, Vila Velha, ES Brazil
| | - Silvia Sartoretto
- grid.467095.90000 0001 2237 7915Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pasteur, 296 – Urca, Rio de Janeiro, R.J. 22290-350 Brazil
| | - Lukas Jurisica
- grid.467095.90000 0001 2237 7915Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pasteur, 296 – Urca, Rio de Janeiro, R.J. 22290-350 Brazil ,grid.34428.390000 0004 1936 893XSchool of Computer Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alexandre Magno-França
- grid.467095.90000 0001 2237 7915Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pasteur, 296 – Urca, Rio de Janeiro, R.J. 22290-350 Brazil
| | | | - Terry Pearson
- SISCAPA Assay Technologies, Inc., Washington, DC USA
| | - Morty Razavi
- SISCAPA Assay Technologies, Inc., Washington, DC USA
| | - Vinod Chandran
- grid.231844.80000 0004 0474 0428Arthritis Program, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - LeRoy Martin
- grid.433801.d0000 0004 0580 039XWaters Technologies, Milford, MA USA
| | - Igor Jurisica
- grid.231844.80000 0004 0474 0428Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, and Data Science Discovery Centre for Chronic Diseases, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Departments of Medical Biophysics and Computer Science, and Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.419303.c0000 0001 2180 9405Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - L. C. Cameron
- grid.467095.90000 0001 2237 7915Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pasteur, 296 – Urca, Rio de Janeiro, R.J. 22290-350 Brazil
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The Interplay between Gut Microbiota and Parkinson's Disease: Implications on Diagnosis and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012289. [PMID: 36293176 PMCID: PMC9603886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The bidirectional interaction between the gut microbiota (GM) and the Central Nervous System, the so-called gut microbiota brain axis (GMBA), deeply affects brain function and has an important impact on the development of neurodegenerative diseases. In Parkinson’s disease (PD), gastrointestinal symptoms often precede the onset of motor and non-motor manifestations, and alterations in the GM composition accompany disease pathogenesis. Several studies have been conducted to unravel the role of dysbiosis and intestinal permeability in PD onset and progression, but the therapeutic and diagnostic applications of GM modifying approaches remain to be fully elucidated. After a brief introduction on the involvement of GMBA in the disease, we present evidence for GM alterations and leaky gut in PD patients. According to these data, we then review the potential of GM-based signatures to serve as disease biomarkers and we highlight the emerging role of probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, dietary interventions, and fecal microbiota transplantation as supportive therapeutic approaches in PD. Finally, we analyze the mutual influence between commonly prescribed PD medications and gut-microbiota, and we offer insights on the involvement also of nasal and oral microbiota in PD pathology, thus providing a comprehensive and up-to-date overview on the role of microbial features in disease diagnosis and treatment.
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Implications of Microorganisms in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4584-4615. [PMID: 36286029 PMCID: PMC9600878 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44100314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a deadly brain degenerative disorder that leads to brain shrinkage and dementia. AD is manifested with hyperphosphorylated tau protein levels and amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide buildup in the hippocampus and cortex regions of the brain. The nervous tissue of AD patients also contains fungal proteins and DNA which are linked to bacterial infections, suggesting that polymicrobial infections also occur in the brains of those with AD. Both immunohistochemistry and next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques were employed to assess fungal and bacterial infections in the brain tissue of AD patients and non-AD controls, with the most prevalent fungus genera detected in AD patients being Alternaria, Botrytis, Candida, and Malassezia. Interestingly, Fusarium was the most common genus detected in the control group. Both AD patients and controls were also detectable for Proteobacteria, followed by Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroides for bacterial infection. At the family level, Burkholderiaceae and Staphylococcaceae exhibited higher levels in the brains of those with AD than the brains of the control group. Accordingly, there is thought to be a viscous cycle of uncontrolled neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the brain, caused by agents such as the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1), Chlamydophilapneumonia, and Spirochetes, and the presence of apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4), which is associated with an increased proinflammatory response in the immune system. Systemic proinflammatory cytokines are produced by microorganisms such as Cytomegalovirus, Helicobacter pylori, and those related to periodontal infections. These can then cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and lead to the onset of dementia. Here, we reviewed the relationship between the etiology of AD and microorganisms (such as bacterial pathogens, Herpesviridae viruses, and periodontal pathogens) according to the evidence available to understand the pathogenesis of AD. These findings might guide a targeted anti-inflammatory therapeutic approach to AD.
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Caputi V, Bastiaanssen TFS, Peterson V, Sajjad J, Murphy A, Stanton C, McNamara B, Shorten GD, Cryan JF, O'Mahony SM. Sex, pain, and the microbiome: The relationship between baseline gut microbiota composition, gender and somatic pain in healthy individuals. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 104:191-204. [PMID: 35688340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Relative to men, women present with pain conditions more commonly. Although consistent differences exist between men and women in terms of physiological pain sensitivity, the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood and yet could inform the development of effective sex specific treatments for pain. The gut microbiota can modulate nervous system functioning, including pain signaling pathways. We hypothesized that the gut microbiota and critical components of the gut-brain axis might influence electrical pain thresholds. Further, we hypothesized that sex, menstrual cycle, and hormonal contraceptive use might account for inter-sex differences in pain perception. METHODS Healthy, non-obese males (N = 15) and females (N = 16), (nine of whom were using hormonal contraceptives), were recruited. Male subjects were invited to undergo testing once, whereas females were invited three times across the menstrual cycle, based on self-reported early follicular (EF), late follicular (LF), or mid-luteal (ML) phase. On test days, electrical stimulation on the right ankle was performed; salivary cortisol levels were measured in the morning; levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), soluble CD14 (sCD14), pro-inflammatory cytokines were assessed in plasma, and microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels were determined in fecal samples. RESULTS We observed that the pain tolerance threshold/pain sensation threshold (PTT/PST) ratio was significantly lesser in women than men, but not PST or PTT alone. Further, hormonal contraceptive use was associated with increased LBP levels (LF & ML phase), whilst sCD14 levels or inflammatory cytokines were not affected. Interestingly, in women, hormonal contraceptive use was associated with an increase in the relative abundance of Erysipelatoclostridium, and the relative abundances of certain bacterial genera correlated positively with pain sensation thresholds (Prevotella and Megasphera) during the LF phase and cortisol awakening response (Anaerofustis) during the ML phase. In comparison with men, women displayed overall stronger associations between i) SCFAs data, ii) cortisol data, iii) inflammatory cytokines and PTT and PST. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our findings support the hypothesis that the gut microbiota may be one of the factors determining the physiological inter-sex differences in pain perception. Further research is needed to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which specific sex hormones and gut microbes modulate pain signaling pathways, but this study highlights the possibilities for innovative individual targeted therapies for pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Caputi
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomaz F S Bastiaanssen
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Jahangir Sajjad
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Amy Murphy
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Brian McNamara
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Cork University Hospital, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - George D Shorten
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Siobhain M O'Mahony
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Li Y, Huang J, Zhang S, Yang F, Zhou H, Song Y, Wang B, Li H. Sodium alginate and galactooligosaccharides ameliorate metabolic disorders and alter the composition of the gut microbiota in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 215:113-122. [PMID: 35718141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effects of sodium alginate (SA) and galactooligosaccharides (GOS) on the metabolism and gut microbiota of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice. GOS and SA delayed high-fat diet-induced obesity, reduced the epididymal fat and liver indices, and improved the circulating lipid profile. Low- and high-dose GOS reduced weight gain by 48.8 % and 35.3 %, and low- and high-dose SA reduced it by 37.7 % and 34.4 %, respectively. GOS and SA reduced blood glucose concentration, probably by increasing the expression of glucose transporter 4. GOS and SA increased the expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and occludin), reduced the D-lactic acid (D-LA) and lipopolysaccharide concentrations, and reduced the expression of toll-like receptors, consistent with improved intestinal barrier function. GOS and SA also increased the abundance of Bacteroidota, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus; and reduced that of Patescibacteria in the gut. The abundance of Parabacteroides positively correlated with the circulating low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration; that of Lactobacillus negatively correlated with LDL-C, D-LA, and tumor necrosis factor-α concentration; and that of Bifidobacterium positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration, according to Spearman correlation analysis. In conclusion, SA and GOS ameliorate obesity and the associated metabolic disorders in mice, and also modulate their gut microbial composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Juan Huang
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Silu Zhang
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Haolin Zhou
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Huajun Li
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China.
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Vasudevan SO, Russo AJ, Kumari P, Vanaja SK, Rathinam VA. A TLR4-independent critical role for CD14 in intracellular LPS sensing. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110755. [PMID: 35508125 PMCID: PMC9376664 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular lipopolysaccharide (LPS) sensing by the noncanonical inflammasome comprising caspase-4 or −11 governs antibacterial host defense. How LPS gains intracellular access in vivo is largely unknown. Here, we show that CD14—an LPS-binding protein with a well-documented role in TLR4 activation—plays a vital role in intracellular LPS sensing in vivo. By generating Cd14−/− and Casp11−/− mice strains on a Tlr4−/− background, we dissociate CD14’s known role in TLR4 signaling from its role in caspase-11 activation and show a TLR4-independent role for CD14 in GSDMD activation, pyroptosis, alarmin release, and the lethality driven by cytosolic LPS. Mechanistically, CD14 enables caspase-11 activation by mediating cytosolic localization of LPS in a TLR4-independent manner. Overall, our findings attribute a critical role for CD14 in noncanonical inflammasome sensing of LPS in vivo and establish—together with previous literature—CD14 as an essential proximal component of both TLR4-based extracellular and caspase-11-based intracellular LPS surveillance. How LPS attains cytosolic access in vivo is unclear. Vasudevan et al. define a TLR4-independent role for CD14 in the cytosolic localization of LPS, triggering noncanonical inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in vivo. This finding positions CD14 as an integral component of both extracellular and intracellular LPS surveillance pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathy O Vasudevan
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Ashley J Russo
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Puja Kumari
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Sivapriya Kailasan Vanaja
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
| | - Vijay A Rathinam
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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Lozano CP, Wilkens LR, Shvetsov YB, Maskarinec G, Park SY, Shepherd JA, Boushey CJ, Hebert JR, Wirth MD, Ernst T, Randolph T, Lim U, Lampe JW, Le Marchand L, Hullar MAJ. Associations of the Dietary Inflammatory Index with total adiposity and ectopic fat through the gut microbiota, LPS, and C-reactive protein in the Multiethnic Cohort-Adiposity Phenotype Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 115:1344-1356. [PMID: 34871345 PMCID: PMC9071464 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanisms linking a proinflammatory diet to obesity remain under investigation. The ability of diet to influence the gut microbiome (GM) in creating chronic low-grade systemic inflammation provides a plausible connection to adiposity. OBJECTIVES Assess whether any associations seen between the Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII score), total fat mass, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), or liver fat (percentage volume) operated through the GM or microbial related inflammatory factors, in a multiethnic cross-sectional study. METHODS In the Multiethnic Cohort-Adiposity Phenotype Study (812 men, 843 women, aged 60-77 y) we tested whether associations between the E-DII and total adiposity, VAT, and liver fat function through the GM, LPS, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). DXA-derived total fat mass, MRI-measured VAT, and MRI-based liver fat were measured. Participants provided stool and fasting blood samples and completed an FFQ. Stool bacterial DNA was amplified and the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced at the V1-V3 region. E-DII score was computed from FFQ data, with a higher E-DII representing a more proinflammatory diet. The associations between E-DII score, GM (10 phyla, 28 genera, α diversity), and adiposity phenotypes were examined using linear regression and mediation analyses, adjusting for confounders. RESULTS There were positive total effects (c) between E-DII and total fat mass (c = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.90), VAT (c = 4.61; 95% CI: 2.95, 6.27), and liver fat (c = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.53). The association between E-DII score and total fat mass was mediated by LPS, Flavonifractor, [Ruminococcus] gnavus group, and Tyzzerella. The association between E-DII score and ectopic fat occurred indirectly through Fusobacteria, Christensenellaceae R-7 group, Coprococcus 2, Escherichia-Shigella, [Eubacterium] xylanophilum group, Flavonifractor, Lachnoclostridium, [Ruminococcus] gnavus group, Tyzzerella, [Ruminococcus] gnavus group (VAT only), and α diversity (liver fat only). There was no significant association between E-DII score and adiposity phenotype through hs-CRP. CONCLUSIONS Associations found between E-DII and adiposity phenotypes occurred through the GM and LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Song-Yi Park
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | | | - James R Hebert
- University of South Carolina,Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Michael D Wirth
- University of South Carolina,Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Thomas Ernst
- University of Maryland, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Timothy Randolph
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Public Health Sciences Division, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Unhee Lim
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Johanna W Lampe
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Public Health Sciences Division, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Meredith A J Hullar
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Public Health Sciences Division, Seattle, WA, USA
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Zachut M, Contreras GA. Symposium review: Mechanistic insights into adipose tissue inflammation and oxidative stress in periparturient dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:3670-3686. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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25
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Dirajlal-Fargo S, Jacobson DL, Yu W, Mirza A, Geffner ME, Jao J, McComsey GA. Gut Dysfunction Markers Are Associated With Body Composition in Youth Living With Perinatally Acquired Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 75:945-952. [PMID: 35090002 PMCID: PMC9522403 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between gut dysfunction and body fat composition in youth living with perinatal human immunodeficiency virus infection (YPHIV) has not been investigated. METHODS We included YPHIV aged 7-19 years from the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study Adolescent Master Protocol with plasma available within 6 months of baseline whole-body dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and HIV RNA ≤1000 copies/mL within 3 months of baseline DXA and a second DXA 2 years later. Plasma markers of bacterial translocation and gut barrier dysfunction (lipopolysaccharide binding protein [LBP], zonulin, and intestinal fatty acid binding protein [I-FABP]) were measured at baseline by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and log10 transformed. Adiposity outcomes included percentage total body, truncal, and extremity fat in kilograms from DXA. Linear regression models were fit using generalized estimating equations to assess associations of baseline gut markers (log10) on adiposity outcomes at baseline and 2 years, adjusted for demographic variables, current antiretroviral therapy exposure, and physical activity. RESULTS Two hundred sixty-one youth were included; 128 had a second DXA. Median age at first DXA was 12 years (interquartile range, 10-14 years), 49% were female, and 69% were Black. After adjustment for potential confounders, log10 LBP was positively associated with percentage total body fat at baseline (β = 4.08, P < .01) and zonulin with adiposity measures at both time points (β = .94 to 6.50, P ≤ .01). I-FABP was inversely associated with percentage total body fat at baseline and year 2 (β = -2.36 and -3.01, respectively, P ≤ .02). CONCLUSIONS Despite viral suppression, gut damage and the resultant bacterial translocation are associated with body composition measures in YPHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahera Dirajlal-Fargo
- Correspondence: S. Dirajlal-Fargo, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 ()
| | - Denise L Jacobson
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wendy Yu
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ayesha Mirza
- University of Florida Health, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Mitchell E Geffner
- Saban Research Institute of Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Jao
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Grace A McComsey
- Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Enteric α-synuclein impairs intestinal epithelial barrier through caspase-1-inflammasome signaling in Parkinson's disease before brain pathology. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:9. [PMID: 35022395 PMCID: PMC8755783 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bowel inflammation, impaired intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB), and gut dysbiosis could represent early events in Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study examined, in a descriptive manner, the correlation among enteric α-synuclein, bowel inflammation, impairments of IEB and alterations of enteric bacteria in a transgenic (Tg) model of PD before brain pathology. Human A53T α-synuclein Tg mice were sacrificed at 3, 6, and 9 months of age to evaluate concomitance of enteric inflammation, IEB impairments, and enteric bacterial metabolite alterations during the early phases of α-synucleinopathy. The molecular mechanisms underlying the interplay between α-synuclein, activation of immune/inflammatory responses and IEB alterations were investigated with in vitro experiments in cell cultures. Tg mice displayed an increase in colonic levels of IL-1β, TNF, caspase-1 activity and enteric glia activation since 3 months of age. Colonic TLR-2 and zonulin-1 expression were altered in Tg mice as compared with controls. Lipopolysaccharide levels were increased in Tg animals at 3 months, while fecal butyrate and propionate levels were decreased. Co-treatment with lipopolysaccharide and α-synuclein promoted IL-1β release in the supernatant of THP-1 cells. When applied to Caco-2 cells, the THP-1-derived supernatant decreased zonulin-1 and occludin expression. Such an effect was abrogated when THP-1 cells were incubated with YVAD (caspase-1 inhibitor) or when Caco-2 were incubated with anakinra, while butyrate incubation did not prevent such decrease. Taken together, early enteric α-synuclein accumulation contributes to compromise IEB through the direct activation of canonical caspase-1-dependent inflammasome signaling. These changes could contribute both to bowel symptoms as well as central pathology.
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Gao B, Wu TC, Lang S, Jiang L, Duan Y, Fouts DE, Zhang X, Tu XM, Schnabl B. Machine Learning Applied to Omics Datasets Predicts Mortality in Patients with Alcoholic Hepatitis. Metabolites 2022; 12:41. [PMID: 35050163 PMCID: PMC8781791 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic hepatitis is a major health care burden in the United States due to significant morbidity and mortality. Early identification of patients with alcoholic hepatitis at greatest risk of death is extremely important for proper treatments and interventions to be instituted. In this study, we used gradient boosting, random forest, support vector machine and logistic regression analysis of laboratory parameters, fecal bacterial microbiota, fecal mycobiota, fecal virome, serum metabolome and serum lipidome to predict mortality in patients with alcoholic hepatitis. Gradient boosting achieved the highest AUC of 0.87 for both 30-day mortality prediction using the bacteria and metabolic pathways dataset and 90-day mortality prediction using the fungi dataset, which showed better performance than the currently used model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Gao
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (L.J.); (Y.D.)
| | - Tsung-Chin Wu
- Department of Mathematics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (X.Z.); (X.-M.T.)
| | - Sonja Lang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (L.J.); (Y.D.)
| | - Lu Jiang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (L.J.); (Y.D.)
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Yi Duan
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (L.J.); (Y.D.)
| | | | - Xinlian Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (X.Z.); (X.-M.T.)
| | - Xin-Ming Tu
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (X.Z.); (X.-M.T.)
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (L.J.); (Y.D.)
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
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Parantainen J, Barreto G, Koivuniemi R, Kautiainen H, Nordström D, Moilanen E, Hämäläinen M, Leirisalo-Repo M, Nurmi K, Eklund KK. The biological activity of serum bacterial lipopolysaccharides associates with disease activity and likelihood of achieving remission in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:256. [PMID: 36411473 PMCID: PMC9677706 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02946-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysbiotic intestinal and oral microbiota have been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the mechanisms how microbiota could impact disease activity have remained elusive. The aim of this study was to assess the association of the biological activity of serum lipopolysaccharides (LPS) with disease activity and likelihood of achieving remission in RA patients. METHODS We measured Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-stimulating activity of sera of 58 RA patients with a reporter cell line engineered to produce secreted alkaline phosphatase in response to TLR4 stimulation. Levels of LPS-binding protein, CD14, and CD163 were determined by ELISA assays. RESULTS The patient serum-induced TLR4 activation (biological activity of LPS) was significantly associated with inflammatory parameters and body mass index at baseline and at 12 months and with disease activity (DAS28-CRP, p<0.001) at 12 months. Importantly, baseline LPS bioactivity correlated with disease activity (p=0.031) and, in 28 early RA patients, the likelihood of achieving remission at 12 months (p=0.009). The level of LPS bioactivity was similar at baseline and 12-month visits, suggesting that LPS bioactivity is an independent patient-related factor. Neutralization of LPS in serum by polymyxin B abrogated the TLR4 signaling, suggesting that LPS was the major contributor to TLR4 activation. CONCLUSION We describe a novel approach to study the biological activity of serum LPS and their impact in diseases. The results suggest that LPS contribute to the inflammatory burden and disease activity on patients with RA and that serum-induced TLR4 activation assays can serve as an independent prognostic factor. A graphical summary of the conclusions of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Parantainen
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, PL 4 (Yliopistonkatu 3), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - G. Barreto
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, PL 4 (Yliopistonkatu 3), 00014 Helsinki, Finland ,Orton Orthopedic Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R. Koivuniemi
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Rheumatology, Inflammation Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland ,grid.413739.b0000 0004 0628 3152Kanta-Häme Central Hospital, Riihimäki, Finland
| | - H. Kautiainen
- grid.410705.70000 0004 0628 207XFolkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Unit of Primary Health Care, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - D. Nordström
- grid.15485.3d0000 0000 9950 5666Department of Internal medicine and rehabilitation, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E. Moilanen
- grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - M. Hämäläinen
- grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - M. Leirisalo-Repo
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Rheumatology, Inflammation Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K. Nurmi
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, PL 4 (Yliopistonkatu 3), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - K. K. Eklund
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, PL 4 (Yliopistonkatu 3), 00014 Helsinki, Finland ,Orton Orthopedic Hospital, Helsinki, Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Rheumatology, Inflammation Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Page MJ, Kell DB, Pretorius E. The Role of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cell Signalling in Chronic Inflammation. CHRONIC STRESS (THOUSAND OAKS, CALIF.) 2022; 6:24705470221076390. [PMID: 35155966 PMCID: PMC8829728 DOI: 10.1177/24705470221076390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the main structural component of the outer membrane of most Gram-negative bacteria and has diverse immunostimulatory and procoagulant effects. Even though LPS is well described for its role in the pathology of sepsis, considerable evidence demonstrates that LPS-induced signalling and immune dysregulation are also relevant in the pathophysiology of many diseases, characteristically where endotoxaemia is less severe. These diseases are typically chronic and progressive in nature and span broad classifications, including neurodegenerative, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases. This Review reappraises the mechanisms of LPS-induced signalling and emphasises the crucial contribution of LPS to the pathology of multiple chronic diseases, beyond conventional sepsis. This perspective asserts that new ways of approaching chronic diseases by targeting LPS-driven pathways may be of therapeutic benefit in a wide range of chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas B Kell
- Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.,Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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30
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Parker J, O'Brien C, Hawrelak J. A narrative review of the role of gastrointestinal dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2022; 65:14-28. [PMID: 34958733 PMCID: PMC8784943 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.21185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet-induced gastrointestinal dysbiosis has been hypothesized to play a significant role in stimulating an increase in gastrointestinal permeability and activating systemic inflammation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We reviewed the current proof-of-concept studies on the proposed mechanism of dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of PCOS. A literature search was performed to identify articles on changes in the intestinal microbiome (dysbiosis) and increased intestinal mucosal permeability involving lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS-binding protein (LPS-BP), and zonulin. We also searched for systematic reviews and meta-analyses that synthesized the results of studies on the therapeutic effects of prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics in women with PCOS. Our search was confined to human studies between 2012 and 2021 using the PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases. Thirty-one studies met the inclusion criteria (14 microbiota, 1 LPS, 1 LPS-BP, 1 LPS and LPS-BP, 5 zonulin, 9 systematic reviews). Our analysis revealed that most studies reported reduced alpha diversity and dysbiosis in women with PCOS. Preliminary studies suggest that LPS, LPS-BP, and zonulin may be involved in the pathophysiology of increased intestinal permeability. Treatment of PCOS with prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics appears to have a range of beneficial effects on metabolic and biochemical profiles. This review highlights the need for continued research into the pathophysiological mechanisms of dysbiosis and the clinical efficacy of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Parker
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Claire O'Brien
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Jason Hawrelak
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
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Effect of gluten-free diet on levels of soluble CD14 and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein in adult patients with celiac disease. Cent Eur J Immunol 2021; 46:225-230. [PMID: 34764791 PMCID: PMC8568036 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2021.107012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy triggered by gluten ingestion in genetically susceptible individuals. In CD, activation of the immune response causes damage of the intestinal mucosa, and a gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only available therapy. Intestinal damage can lead to an increase in the circulation of components of bacteria from the intestinal lumen, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Soluble CD14 (sCD14) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) participate in the recognition of LPS, and their levels are altered in different pathologies. In the present study, the circulating levels of sCD14 and LBP from untreated CD patients were evaluated and compared to CD patients on a GFD and controls. Material and methods In total seventy-two adult patients with CD, twenty-three untreated CD patients and forty-nine on a GFD were included. In addition, fifty-five healthy individuals were included as controls. Additionally, the effect of LPS on sCD14 production by both normal and inflamed intestinal tissue culture was explored. Results Serum levels of sCD14 were found to be significantly increased in untreated CD patients compared to patients on a GFD and controls. In addition, we found that LPS induced the production of sCD14 by biopsies of intestinal tissue from untreated CD patients. Conclusions The data from this study show that circulating levels of sCD14 are increased in the untreated CD patients compared to patients on a GFD. Our data show that LPS induces the production of sCD14 by the intestinal tissue from untreated CD patients.
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Losanto J, Langjahr P, Barrios G, Paats A, Acosta de Hetter ME, de Guillén I, Duarte M, Acosta-Colman I, Cervera R. Relationship between serum lipopolysaccharide binding protein levels, disease activity, and clinical characteristics in Paraguayan patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2021; 30:2089-2094. [PMID: 34693812 DOI: 10.1177/09612033211050321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Systemic exposure to bacterial components like lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is among the non-genetic factors that could be involved in the onset or progression of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) participates in the recognition of LPS and in the inflammatory response. Here, we investigated LBP in SLE patients and its relationship with disease activity and SLE phenotypes. METHODS Eighty-one adult patients with SLE from IMID-PY biobank (Paraguay) were included in the study. The clinical and laboratory variables were used to determine SLE activity. LBP levels were determined by ELISA in SLE patients and age- and sex-matched population-based controls. RESULTS Patients with SLE have lower levels of circulating LBP compared to healthy controls (p = 0.0007). No significant correlation was found between serum LBP levels and disease activity. A significant difference was observed in LBP levels with regard to the presence of arthritis (p = 0.026). No other relation was found with clinical parameters. CONCLUSIONS We found low levels of LBP in SLE patients compared to the control group. No correlation was detected between LBP levels and disease activity. It would be interesting for future studies to evaluate the impact of low levels of LBP on lupus immunopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonatan Losanto
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 332616Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asuncion, Paraguay
| | - Patricia Langjahr
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, 187173Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay.,Department of Biotechnology, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, 187173Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Graciela Barrios
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, 187173Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Astrid Paats
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 332616Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asuncion, Paraguay
| | - María E Acosta de Hetter
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, 187173Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Ivalena de Guillén
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, 187173Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Margarita Duarte
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 332616Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asuncion, Paraguay
| | - Isabel Acosta-Colman
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 332616Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asuncion, Paraguay
| | - Ricard Cervera
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Sauna dehydration as a new physiological challenge model for intestinal barrier function. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15514. [PMID: 34330970 PMCID: PMC8324874 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94814-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier plays a crucial role in maintaining gut health, and an increased permeability has been linked to several intestinal and extra-intestinal disorders. There is an increasing demand for interventions aimed at strengthening this barrier and for in vivo challenge models to assess their efficiency. This study investigated the effect of sauna-induced dehydration on intestinal barrier function (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03620825). Twenty healthy subjects underwent three conditions in random order: (1) Sauna dehydration (loss of 3% body weight), (2) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) intake, (3) negative control. Intestinal permeability was assessed by a multi-sugar urinary recovery test, while intestinal damage, bacterial translocation and cytokines were assessed by plasma markers. The sauna dehydration protocol resulted in an increase in gastroduodenal and small intestinal permeability. Presumably, this increase occurred without substantial damage to the enterocytes as plasma intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) and liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) were not affected. In addition, we observed significant increases in levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), IL-6 and IL-8, while sCD14, IL-10, IFN-ɣ and TNF-α were not affected. These results suggest that sauna dehydration increased intestinal permeability and could be applied as a new physiological in vivo challenge model for intestinal barrier function.
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Galectin-3 promotes noncanonical inflammasome activation through intracellular binding to lipopolysaccharide glycans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2026246118. [PMID: 34301890 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2026246118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) bind directly to caspase-4/5/11 through their lipid A moiety, inducing inflammatory caspase oligomerization and activation, which is identified as the noncanonical inflammasome pathway. Galectins, β-galactoside-binding proteins, bind to various gram-negative bacterial LPS, which display β-galactoside-containing polysaccharide chains. Galectins are mainly present intracellularly, but their interactions with cytosolic microbial glycans have not been investigated. We report that in cell-free systems, galectin-3 augments the LPS-induced assembly of caspase-4/11 oligomers, leading to increased caspase-4/11 activation. Its carboxyl-terminal carbohydrate-recognition domain is essential for this effect, and its N-terminal domain, which contributes to the self-association property of the protein, is also critical, suggesting that this promoting effect is dependent on the functional multivalency of galectin-3. Moreover, galectin-3 enhances intracellular LPS-induced caspase-4/11 oligomerization and activation, as well as gasdermin D cleavage in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cells, and it additionally promotes interleukin-1β production and pyroptotic death in macrophages. Galectin-3 also promotes caspase-11 activation and gasdermin D cleavage in macrophages treated with outer membrane vesicles, which are known to be taken up by cells and release LPSs into the cytosol. Coimmunoprecipitation confirmed that galectin-3 associates with caspase-11 after intracellular delivery of LPSs. Immunofluorescence staining revealed colocalization of LPSs, galectin-3, and caspase-11 independent of host N-glycans. Thus, we conclude that galectin-3 amplifies caspase-4/11 oligomerization and activation through LPS glycan binding, resulting in more intense pyroptosis-a critical mechanism of host resistance against bacterial infection that may provide opportunities for new therapeutic interventions.
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Abstract
The gut microbiota is known to play a role in various disease states through inflammatory, immune and endocrinologic response. Parkinson's Disease is of particular interest as gastrointestinal involvement is one of the earlier features seen in this disease. This paper examines the relationship between gut microbiota and Parkinson's Disease, which has a growing body of literature. Inflammation caused by gut dysbiosis is thought to increase a-synuclein aggregation and worsen motor and neurologic symptoms of Parkinson's disease. We discuss potential treatment and supplementation to modify the microbiota. Some of these treatments require further research before recommendations can be made, such as cord blood transplant, antibiotic use, immunomodulation and fecal microbiota transplant. Other interventions, such as increasing dietary fiber, polyphenol and fermented food intake, can be made with few risks and may have some benefit for symptom relief and speed of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Gallop
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, 7547Saint Louis University, MO, USA
| | - James Weagley
- Division of Biological Sciences, 7548Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Saif-Ur-Rahman Paracha
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, 7547Saint Louis University, MO, USA
| | - George Grossberg
- Samuel W. Fordyce Professor and Director of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, 7547Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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36
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Huang Y, Liao J, Liu X, Zhong Y, Cai X, Long L. Review: The Role of Intestinal Dysbiosis in Parkinson's Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:615075. [PMID: 33968794 PMCID: PMC8100321 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.615075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have highlighted the roles played by the gut microbiome in central nervous system diseases. Clinical symptoms and neuropathology have suggested that Parkinson’s disease may originate in the gut, which is home to approximately 100 trillion microbes. Alterations in the gastrointestinal microbiota populations may promote the development and progression of Parkinson’s disease. Here, we reviewed existing studies that have explored the role of intestinal dysbiosis in Parkinson’s disease, focusing on the roles of microbiota, their metabolites, and components in inflammation, barrier failure, microglial activation, and α-synuclein pathology. We conclude that there are intestinal dysbiosis in Parkinson’s disease. Intestinal dysbiosis is likely involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease through mechanisms that include barrier destruction, inflammation and oxidative stress, decreased dopamine production, and molecular mimicry. Additional studies remain necessary to explore and verify the mechanisms through which dysbiosis may cause or promote Parkinson’s disease. Preclinical studies have shown that gastrointestinal microbial therapy may represent an effective and novel treatment for Parkinson’s disease; however, more studies, especially clinical studies, are necessary to explore the curative effects of microbial therapy in Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Huang
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinchi Liao
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunxiao Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Cai
- Department of Neurology, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University (Guangdong Gastrointestinal and Anal Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Long
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Just D, Rasmusson AJ, Nilsson P, Noreland M, Malmström E, Brodin P, Månberg A, Cunningham JL. Autoantibodies against the C-terminus of Lipopolysaccharide binding protein are elevated in young adults with psychiatric disease. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 126:105162. [PMID: 33578084 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence implies interactions between infections, the immune system and vulnerability for psychiatric disease. This study applies an affinity proteomic-based method to investigate potential disease associated autoantibody signatures in serum from patients from the "Young Adults" section of the Department of General Psychiatry at Uppsala University Hospital (n = 395) and population-based controls (n = 102). We found serum levels of antibodies against Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein (LBP), a protein that is important for mediating innate immune responses involving the toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), to be higher in patients compared to controls (Mann Whitney U-test p = 5.248 × 10-10). The patients were divided into three groups based on their relative levels of autoantibodies against LBP. The distribution of autism spectra disorders (p = 2.0 × 10-4) and hospital care for an infection as adults (p = 0.036) differed between the anti-LBP groups, with low incidence in the group of patients with the highest levels of anti-LBP who were diagnosed with primarily affective and anxiety disorders. In a sub-group analysis, the controls who screened positive for current or previous psychiatric diagnosis (n = 20) had higher anti-LBP compared to non-psychiatric controls with negative screening for psychiatric disorders (Mann Whitney U-test p = 0.006). Inflammatory markers were found to differ across anti-LBP groups and several pro-inflammatory markers, including IL-1β, were low in patients with high anti-LBP and serum LBP levels were lowest in patients with the highest levels of antibodies against LBP (p = 3.5 × 10-5). A cell-based model showed that polyclonal rabbit anti-LBP, obtained through purification via the same protein fragment used in the initial autoantibody analysis, could interfere with LBP signaling since addition of anti-LBP to the assay reduced both IL-1β and IL-6 release from activated monocytes in response to LBP and LPS (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.02). This novel finding of antibodies against LBP, where high levels were only found in young adults with psychiatric disease, merits further study. Our results suggest that these antibodies may have relevance for TLR4 based immune responses and vulnerability for both infection and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Just
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Entrance 10, Floor 3B, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Annica J Rasmusson
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Entrance 10, Floor 3B, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Department of Protein Science, Affinity Proteomics, Science for life laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Noreland
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Entrance 10, Floor 3B, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emma Malmström
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Entrance 10, Floor 3B, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Petter Brodin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Sweden; Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden
| | - Anna Månberg
- Department of Protein Science, Affinity Proteomics, Science for life laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Janet L Cunningham
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Entrance 10, Floor 3B, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Pillay K, Lewis L, Rambaran S, Yende-Zuma N, Archary D, Gengiah S, Govender D, Hassan-Moosa R, Samsunder N, Abdool Karim SS, McKinnon LR, Padayatchi N, Naidoo K, Sivro A. Plasma Biomarkers of Risk of Tuberculosis Recurrence in HIV Co-Infected Patients From South Africa. Front Immunol 2021; 12:631094. [PMID: 33841412 PMCID: PMC8026888 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.631094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to identify immunological markers of tuberculosis (TB) risk in HIV co-infected individuals. Previously we have shown that TB recurrence in HIV co-infected individuals on ART was associated with markers of systemic inflammation (IL-6, IL1β and IL-1Rα). Here we examined the effect of additional acute inflammation and microbial translocation marker expression on risk of TB recurrence. Stored plasma samples were drawn from the TB Recurrence upon Treatment with HAART (TRuTH) study, in which individuals with previously treated pulmonary TB were screened for recurrence quarterly for up to 4 years. Recurrent TB cases (n = 37) were matched to controls (n = 102) by original trial study arm assignment and ART start date. Additional subsets of HIV infected (n = 41) and HIV uninfected (n = 37) individuals from Improving Recurrence Success (IMPRESS) study were sampled at active TB and post successful treatment completion. Plasma concentrations of soluble adhesion molecules (sMAdCAM, sICAM and sVCAM), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3) were measured by multiplex immunoassays and ELISA. Cytokine data was square root transformed in order to reduce variability. Multivariable analysis adjusted for a number of potential confounders measured at sample time-point: age, BMI, CD4 count, viral load (VL) and measured at baseline: presence or absence of lung cavities, previous history of TB, and WHO disease stage (4 vs 3). The following analytes were associated with increased risk of TB recurrence in the multivariable model: sICAM (aOR 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02-1.12, p = 0.009), LBP (aOR 8.78, 95% CI: 1.23-62.66, p = 0.030) and TGF-β3 (aOR 1.44, 95% CI 1.01-2.05, p = 0.044). Additionally, we observed a positive correlation between LBP and sICAM (r= 0.347, p<0.0001), and LBP and IL-6, identified to be one of the strongest predictors of TB risk in our previous study (r=0.623, p=0.03). These data show that increased risk of TB recurrence in HIV infected individuals on ART is likely associated with HIV mediated translocation of microbial products and the resulting chronic immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimesha Pillay
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Lara Lewis
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Santhuri Rambaran
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Nonhlanhla Yende-Zuma
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa.,MRC-CAPRISA HIV-TB Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Derseree Archary
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Dhineshree Govender
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Razia Hassan-Moosa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa.,MRC-CAPRISA HIV-TB Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Natasha Samsunder
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Salim S Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa.,MRC-CAPRISA HIV-TB Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Lyle R McKinnon
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nesri Padayatchi
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa.,MRC-CAPRISA HIV-TB Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kogieleum Naidoo
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa.,MRC-CAPRISA HIV-TB Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Aida Sivro
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Moin ASM, Sathyapalan T, Diboun I, Atkin SL, Butler AE. Identification of macrophage activation-related biomarkers in obese type 2 diabetes that may be indicative of enhanced respiratory risk in COVID-19. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6428. [PMID: 33742062 PMCID: PMC7979696 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85760-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivation of the immune system through obesity and diabetes may enhance infection severity complicated by Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). The objective was to determine the circulatory biomarkers for macrophage activation at baseline and after serum glucose normalization in obese type 2 diabetes (OT2D) subjects. A case-controlled interventional pilot study in OT2D (n = 23) and control subjects (n = 23). OT2D subjects underwent hyperinsulinemic clamp to normalize serum glucose. Plasma macrophage-related proteins were determined using Slow Off-rate Modified Aptamer-scan plasma protein measurement at baseline (control and OT2D subjects) and after 1-h of insulin clamp (OT2D subjects only). Basal M1 macrophage activation was characterized by elevated levels of M1 macrophage-specific surface proteins, CD80 and CD38, and cytokines or chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL5, RANTES) released by activated M1 macrophages. Two potent M1 macrophage activation markers, CXCL9 and CXCL10, were decreased in OT2D. Activated M2 macrophages were characterized by elevated levels of plasma CD163, TFGβ-1, MMP7 and MMP9 in OT2D. Conventional mediators of both M1 and M2 macrophage activation markers (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-13) were not altered. No changes were observed in plasma levels of M1/M2 macrophage activation markers in OT2D in response to acute normalization of glycemia. In the basal state, macrophage activation markers are elevated, and these reflect the expression of circulatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and matrix metalloproteinases in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes, that were not changed by glucose normalisation. These differences could potentially predispose diabetic individuals to increased infection severity complicated by ARDS.
Clinical trial reg. no: NCT03102801; registration date April 6, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Saleh Md Moin
- Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Stephen L Atkin
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar.
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A Newly Developed Synbiotic Yogurt Prevents Diabetes by Improving the Microbiome-Intestine-Pancreas Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041647. [PMID: 33562070 PMCID: PMC7915949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is increasing worldwide, and there are no long-term preventive strategies to stop this growth. Emerging research shows that perturbations in the gut microbiome significantly contribute to the development of T2D, while microbiome modulators may be beneficial for T2D prevention. However, microbiome modulators that are effective, safe, affordable, and able to be administered daily are not yet available. Based on our previous pro- and prebiotic studies, we developed a novel synbiotic yogurt comprised of human-origin probiotics and plant-based prebiotics and investigated its impact on diet- and streptozotocin-induced T2D in mice. We compared the effects of our synbiotic yogurt to those of a commercially available yogurt (control yogurt). Interestingly, we found that the feeding of the synbiotic yogurt significantly reduced the development of hyperglycemia (diabetes) in response to high-fat diet feeding and streptozotocin compared to milk-fed controls. Surprisingly, the control yogurt exacerbated diabetes progression. Synbiotic yogurt beneficially modulated the gut microbiota composition compared to milk, while the control yogurt negatively modulated it by significantly increasing the abundance of detrimental bacteria such as Proteobacteria and Enterobacteriaceae. In addition, the synbiotic yogurt protected pancreatic islet morphology compared to the milk control, while the control yogurt demonstrated worse effects on islets. These results suggest that our newly developed synbiotic yogurt protects against diabetes in mice and can be used as a therapeutic to prevent diabetes progression.
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Dirajlal-Fargo S, El-Kamari V, Weiner L, Shan L, Sattar A, Kulkarni M, Funderburg N, Nazzinda R, Karungi C, Kityo C, Musiime V, McComsey GA. Altered Intestinal Permeability and Fungal Translocation in Ugandan Children With Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 70:2413-2422. [PMID: 31260509 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PHIVs) face a lifelong cumulative exposure to HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART). The relationship between gut integrity, microbial translocation, and inflammation in PHIV is poorly understood. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study in 57 PHIVs, 59 HIV-exposed but uninfected children, and 56 HIV-unexposed and -uninfected children aged 2-10 years old in Uganda. PHIVs were on stable ART with HIV-1 RNA <400 copies/mL. We measured markers of systemic inflammation, monocyte activation, and gut integrity. Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare markers by group and the Spearman correlation was used to assess correlations between biomarkers. RESULTS The mean age of all participants was 7 years and 55% were girls. Among PHIVs, the mean CD4 % was 34%, 93% had a viral load ≤20 copies/mL, and 79% were on a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor regimen. Soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (sCD14), beta-D-glucan (BDG), and zonulin were higher in the PHIV group (P ≤ .01). Intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) did not differ between groups (P > .05). Among PHIVs who were breastfed, levels of sCD163 and interleukin 6 (IL6) were higher than levels in PHIV who were not breastfed (P < .05). Additionally, in PHIVs with a history of breastfeeding, sCD14, BDG, LBP, zonulin, and I-FABP correlated with several markers of systemic inflammation, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, IL6, d-dimer, and systemic tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II (P ≤ .05). CONCLUSIONS Despite viral suppression, PHIVs have evidence of altered gut permeability and fungal translocation. Intestinal damage and the resultant bacterial and fungal translocations in PHIVs may play a role in the persistent inflammation that leads to many end-organ diseases in adults.Despite viral suppression, children with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Uganda have evidence of alterations in intestinal permeability and fungal translocation, compared to HIV-exposed but uninfected and HIV-unexposed children, which may play a role in HIV-associated chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahera Dirajlal-Fargo
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Columbus.,Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Columbus.,Case Western Reserve University, Columbus
| | | | | | | | | | - Manjusha Kulkarni
- Ohio State University School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Columbus
| | - Nicholas Funderburg
- Ohio State University School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Columbus
| | | | | | - Cissy Kityo
- Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Victor Musiime
- Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda.,Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Grace A McComsey
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Columbus.,Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Columbus.,Case Western Reserve University, Columbus
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Moin ASM, Sathyapalan T, Atkin SL, Butler AE. Pro-fibrotic M2 macrophage markers may increase the risk for COVID19 in type 2 diabetes with obesity. Metabolism 2020; 112:154374. [PMID: 32949593 PMCID: PMC7510340 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abu Saleh Md Moin
- Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK.
| | - Stephen L Atkin
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain.
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar.
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Kantamala D, Praparattanapan J, Taejaroenkul S, Srithep S, Yoosupap R, Supparatpinyo K. High microbial translocation limits gut immune recovery during short-term HAART in the area with high prevalence of foodborne infection. Cytokine 2020; 136:155257. [PMID: 32861144 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals residing in areas with high prevalence of foodborne infection could have a higher risk of gut microbial translocation which may affect monocyte activation, gut immune recovery and intestinal epithelial cell damage. We aimed to measure alterations in microbial translocation, monocyte activation, gut immune recovery, and intestinal epithelial cell damage in HAART treated individuals. METHODS A prospective, single-arm, longitudinal, cohort study was conducted among antiretroviral naïve HIV-1 infected Thai participants. All participants were in chronic stage of HIV-1 infection before starting HAART. Data and samples were collected prior to initiation of HAART and then after 24 and 48 weeks of HAART. Plasma biomarkers for microbial translocation (16S rDNA and LBP), monocyte activation (sCD14) and intestinal epithelial cell damage (I-FABP) were evaluated. We measured circulating gut-homing CD4+ T cells and circulating gut-homing Th17 cells to assess recoveries of gut immunity and gut immunity to microbial pathogens. RESULTS The kinetic studies showed no reduction in the levels of plasma 16S rDNA, sCD14 or I-FABP, significant decrease of plasma LBP level, and slow but significant increases in the frequencies of circulating gut-homing CD4+ T cells and circulating gut-homing Th17 cells during 48 weeks of HAART. Dividing participants into low and high microbial translocation (low and high MT) groups at baseline, both groups showed persistent plasma levels of 16S rDNA, sCD14 and I-FABP, and significantly decreased plasma level of LBP. The low MT group had significantly increased frequencies of circulating gut-homing CD4+ T cells and circulating gut-homing Th17 cells during 48 weeks of HAART but this was not observed in the high MT group. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated persistent high microbial translocation, monocyte activation and intestinal epithelial cell damage with slow gut immune recovery during successful short-term HAART. Additionally, gut immune recovery was apparently limited by high microbial translocation. Our findings emphasize the adverse impact of high microbial translocation on gut immune recovery and the necessity of establishing a novel therapeutic intervention to inhibit microbial translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doungnapa Kantamala
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, P.O. Box 80 CMU, Chiang Mai 50202, Thailand.
| | - Jutarat Praparattanapan
- Division of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 intavaroros Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sineenart Taejaroenkul
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, P.O. Box 80 CMU, Chiang Mai 50202, Thailand
| | - Sarinee Srithep
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, P.O. Box 80 CMU, Chiang Mai 50202, Thailand
| | - Rattikan Yoosupap
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, P.O. Box 80 CMU, Chiang Mai 50202, Thailand
| | - Khuanchai Supparatpinyo
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, P.O. Box 80 CMU, Chiang Mai 50202, Thailand; Division of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 intavaroros Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Review: Following the smoke signals: inflammatory signaling in metabolic homeostasis and homeorhesis in dairy cattle. Animal 2020; 14:s144-s154. [PMID: 32024563 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731119003203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cascades are a critical component of the immune response to infection or tissue damage, involving an array of signals, including water-soluble metabolites, lipid mediators and several classes of proteins. Early investigation of these signaling pathways focused largely on immune cells and acute disease models. However, more recent findings have highlighted critical roles of both immune cells and inflammatory mediators on tissue remodeling and metabolic homeostasis in healthy animals. In dairy cattle, inflammatory signals in various tissues and in circulation change rapidly and dramatically, starting just prior to and at the onset of lactation. Furthermore, several observations in healthy cows point to homeostatic control of inflammatory tone, which we define as a regulatory process to balance immune tolerance with activation to keep downstream effects under control. Recent evidence suggests that peripartum inflammatory changes influence whole-body nutrient flux of dairy cows over the course of days and months. Inflammatory mediators can suppress appetite, even at levels that do not induce acute responses (e.g. fever), thereby decreasing nutrient availability. On the other hand, inhibition of inflammatory signaling with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) treatment suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis, leading to hypoglycemia in some cases. Over the long term, though, peripartum NSAID treatment substantially increases peak and whole-lactation milk synthesis by multiparous cows. Inflammatory regulation of nutrient flux may provide a homeorhetic mechanism to aid cows in adapting to rapid changes in metabolic demand at the onset of lactation, but excessive systemic inflammation has negative effects on metabolic homeostasis through inhibition of appetite and promotion of immune cell activity. Thus, in this review, we provide perspectives on the overlapping regulation of immune responses and metabolism by inflammatory mediators, which may provide a mechanistic underpinning for links between infectious and metabolic diseases in transition dairy cows. Moreover, we point to novel approaches to the management of this challenging phase of the production cycle.
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The Link between Gut Dysbiosis and Neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s Disease. Neuroscience 2020; 432:160-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Gene microarray integrated with iTRAQ-based proteomics for the discovery of NLRP3 in LPS-induced inflammatory response of bovine mammary epithelial cells. J DAIRY RES 2019; 86:416-424. [PMID: 31722754 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029919000761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mastitis, a major infectious disease in dairy cows, is characterized by an inflammatory response to pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. To better understand the immune and inflammatory response of the mammary gland, we stimulated bovine mammary gland epithelial cells (BMECs) with E. coli-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Using transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, we identified 1019 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, fold change ≥2 and P-value < 0.05) and 340 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs, fold change ≥1.3 and P-value < 0.05), of which 536 genes and 162 proteins were upregulated and 483 genes and 178 proteins were downregulated following exposure to LPS. These differentially expressed genes were associated with 172 biological processes; 15 Gene Ontology terms associated with response to stimulus, 4 associated with immune processes, and 3 associated with inflammatory processes. The DEPs were associated with 51 biological processes; 2 Gene Ontology terms associated with response to stimulus, 1 associated with immune processes, and 2 associated with inflammatory processes. Meanwhile, several pathways involved in mammary inflammation, such as Toll-like receptor, NF-κB, and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways were also represented. NLRP3 depletion significantly inhibited the expression of IL-1β and PTGS2 by blocking caspase-1 activity in LPS-induced BMECs. These results suggest that NLR signaling pathways works in coordination with TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways via NLRP3-inflammasome activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in LPS-induced mastitis. The study highlights the function of NLRP3 in an inflammatory microenvironment, making NLRP3 a promising therapeutic target in Escherichia coli mastitis.
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Wu D, Ding L, Tang X, Wang W, Chen Y, Zhang T. Baicalin Protects Against Hypertension-Associated Intestinal Barrier Impairment in Part Through Enhanced Microbial Production of Short-Chain Fatty Acids. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1271. [PMID: 31719823 PMCID: PMC6826474 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired intestinal barrier plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension primarily through promoting the development of chronic low-grade inflammation. Baicalin is the major flavonoid component of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, a medicinal plant commonly used for the treatment of inflammatory intestinal disorders and hypertension in traditional Chinese medicine. However, it remains to be elucidated whether baicalin alleviates hypertension-associated intestinal barrier impairment. The current study thus investigated the effects of baicalin on the intestinal barrier integrity, the intestinal expression of genes encoding proinflammatory factors and tight junction proteins, the serum levels of the inflammatory markers, the amount of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and the abundance of SCFAs-producing bacteria in the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The results showed that baicalin alleviated the pathological lesions in the ilium and the proximal colon in the SHRs. Baicalin treatment resulted in decreased ileal and colonic expression of proinflammatory genes in the SHRs. In addition, baicalin treatment attenuated hypertension-associated intestinal hyperpermeability and decreased the serum levels of inflammatory indicators such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin 1 beta, and IL-6 in the SHRs. The protective effect of baicalin on the intestinal integrity was also supported by well-preserved intestinal ultrastructure and increased intestinal expression of genes encoding tight junction proteins such as zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), cingulin, and occludin in the SHRs. Lastly, baicalin treatment increased the amount of fecal SCFAs and the abundance of SCFAs-producing bacteria in the SHRs. In conclusion, the work here provides for the first time the morphological, biochemical, and molecular evidence supporting the protective effects of baicalin on the intestinal integrity in the SHRs, which may help better understand the therapeutic effects of S. baicalensis Georgi in the treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wu
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liliqiang Ding
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoting Tang
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjian Wang
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Wu D, Tang X, Ding L, Cui J, Wang P, Du X, Yin J, Wang W, Chen Y, Zhang T. Candesartan attenuates hypertension-associated pathophysiological alterations in the gut. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 116:109040. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Bakker GJ, Schnitzler JG, Bekkering S, de Clercq NC, Koopen AM, Hartstra AV, Meessen ECE, Scheithauer TP, Winkelmeijer M, Dallinga‐Thie GM, Cani PD, Kemper EM, Soeters MR, Kroon J, Groen AK, van Raalte DH, Herrema H, Nieuwdorp M. Oral vancomycin treatment does not alter markers of postprandial inflammation in lean and obese subjects. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14199. [PMID: 31423751 PMCID: PMC6698488 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intake of a high-fat meal induces a systemic inflammatory response in the postprandial which is augmented in obese subjects. However, the underlying mechanisms of this response have not been fully elucidated. We aimed to assess the effect of gut microbiota modulation on postprandial inflammatory response in lean and obese subjects. Ten lean and ten obese subjects with metabolic syndrome received oral vancomycin 500 mg four times per day for 7 days. Oral high-fat meal tests (50 g fat/m2 body surface area) were performed before and after vancomycin intervention. Gut microbiota composition, leukocyte counts, plasma lipopolysaccharides (LPS), LPS-binding protein (LBP), IL-6 and MCP-1 concentrations and monocyte CCR2 and cytokine expression were determined before and after the high-fat meal. Oral vancomycin treatment resulted in profound changes in gut microbiota composition and significantly decreased bacterial diversity in both groups (phylogenetic diversity pre- versus post-intervention: lean, 56.9 ± 7.8 vs. 21.4 ± 6.6, P < 0.001; obese, 53.9 ± 7.8 vs. 21.0 ± 5.9, P < 0.001). After intervention, fasting plasma LPS significantly increased (lean, median [IQR] 0.81 [0.63-1.45] EU/mL vs. 2.23 [1.33-3.83] EU/mL, P = 0.017; obese, median [IQR] 0.76 [0.45-1.03] EU/mL vs. 1.44 [1.11-4.24], P = 0.014). However, postprandial increases in leukocytes and plasma LPS were unaffected by vancomycin in both groups. Moreover, we found no changes in plasma LBP, IL-6 and MCP-1 or in monocyte CCR2 expression. Despite major vancomycin-induced disruption of the gut microbiota and increased fasting plasma LPS, the postprandial inflammatory phenotype in lean and obese subjects was unaffected in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido J. Bakker
- Department of Vascular MedicineAmsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Johan G. Schnitzler
- Department of Experimental Vascular MedicineAmsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Siroon Bekkering
- Department of Experimental Internal MedicineRadboud University Medical CentreNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Nicolien C. de Clercq
- Department of Vascular MedicineAmsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Annefleur M. Koopen
- Department of Vascular MedicineAmsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Annick V. Hartstra
- Department of Vascular MedicineAmsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Emma C. E. Meessen
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Torsten P. Scheithauer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes CenterAmsterdam UMC, Location VUMC at Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Maaike Winkelmeijer
- Department of Experimental Vascular MedicineAmsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Geesje M. Dallinga‐Thie
- Department of Experimental Vascular MedicineAmsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Patrice D. Cani
- WELBIO – Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Metabolism and NutritionLouvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Elles Marleen Kemper
- Department of Clinical PharmacyAmsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Maarten R. Soeters
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Kroon
- Department of Vascular MedicineAmsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Vascular MedicineAmsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Albert K. Groen
- Department of Experimental Vascular MedicineAmsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Daniël H. van Raalte
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes CenterAmsterdam UMC, Location VUMC at Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, ICar at Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Hilde Herrema
- Department of Experimental Vascular MedicineAmsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Vascular MedicineAmsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Vascular MedicineAmsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes CenterAmsterdam UMC, Location VUMC at Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, ICar at Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg LaboratorySahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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50
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Deepika MS, Thangam R, Vijayakumar TS, Sasirekha R, Vimala RTV, Sivasubramanian S, Arun S, Babu MD, Thirumurugan R. Antibacterial synergy between rutin and florfenicol enhances therapeutic spectrum against drug resistant Aeromonas hydrophila. Microb Pathog 2019; 135:103612. [PMID: 31252064 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria has necessitated the drive to explore competent antimicrobial agents or to develop novel formulations to treat infections including Aeromonas hydrophila. The present study investigates the synergistic antibacterial effects of citrus flavonoid rutin and florfenicol (FF) against A. hydrophila in vitro and in vivo. Rutin is extracted and purified from Citrus sinensis peel through preparative HPLC and characterized through TLC, GC-MS and 1H and 13C NMR analyses. Though rutin did not display significant antibacterial activity, it modulated FF activity resulting in four-fold reduction in the MIC value for FF. The anti-biofilm potential of synergistic association of rutin and FF was validated by protein analysis, quantification of exopolysaccharide (EPS) and microscopy studies using sub-MIC doses. Besides antibacterial action, in vivo studies showed that Rutin/FF combination enhanced host immunity by improving blood cell count, anti-protease, and lysozyme activities as well as decreased the oxidative stress and the pathological changes of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus against A. hydrophila infection. No significant DNA damages or clastogenic effects were detected in tilapia challenged with A. hydrophila under Rutin/FF treatment. It is shown that an acute-phase Lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) enhances the innate host defence against bacterial challenge. Semi quantitative RT-PCR and western blot results revealed the significant increase of LBP in the supernatant of tilapia monocytes/macrophages challenged with A. hydrophila upon treatment. The study findings substantiate that the combination of natural molecules with antibiotics may open up possibilities to treat MDR strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Sathiya Deepika
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramar Thangam
- Centre for Academic and Research Excellence (CARE), CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, 600 020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tharumasivam Siva Vijayakumar
- P.G & Research Department of Biotechnology, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, 620 005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajendran Sasirekha
- Department of Marine Science, School of Marine Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R T V Vimala
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sridhar Arun
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manikandan Dinesh Babu
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasamy Thirumurugan
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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