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Jiménez L, Díaz-Zaragoza M, Hernández M, Navarro L, Hernández-Ávila R, Encarnación-Guevara S, Ostoa-Saloma P, Landa A. Differential Protein Expression of Taenia crassiceps ORF Strain in the Murine Cysticercosis Model Using Resistant (C57BL/6) Mice. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050678. [PMID: 37242348 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A cysticercosis model of Taenia crassiceps ORF strain in susceptible BALB/c mice revealed a Th2 response after 4 weeks, allowing for the growth of the parasite, whereas resistant C57BL/6 mice developed a sustained Th1 response, limiting parasitic growth. However, little is known about how cysticerci respond to an immunological environment in resistant mice. Here, we show that the Th1 response, during infection in resistant C57BL/6 mice, lasted up to 8 weeks and kept parasitemia low. Proteomics analysis of parasites during this Th1 environment showed an average of 128 expressed proteins; we chose 15 proteins whose differential expression varied between 70 and 100%. A total of 11 proteins were identified that formed a group whose expression increased at 4 weeks and decreased at 8 weeks, and another group with proteins whose expression was high at 2 weeks and decreased at 8 weeks. These identified proteins participate in tissue repair, immunoregulation and parasite establishment. This suggests that T. crassiceps cysticerci in mice resistant under the Th1 environment express proteins that control damage and help to establish a parasite in the host. These proteins could be targets for drugs or vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Jiménez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, A.P. 70228, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Mariana Díaz-Zaragoza
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, A.P. 70228, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de los Valles, Universidad de Guadalajara, Carretera Guadalajara-Ameca Km. 45.5, Guadalajara 46600, Mexico
| | - Magdalena Hernández
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 565, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico
| | - Luz Navarro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, A.P. 70228, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Hernández-Ávila
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, A.P. 70228, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Sergio Encarnación-Guevara
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 565, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico
| | - Pedro Ostoa-Saloma
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, A.P. 70228, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Abraham Landa
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, A.P. 70228, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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Bobes RJ, Estrada K, Rios-Valencia DG, Calderón-Gallegos A, de la Torre P, Carrero JC, Sanchez-Flores A, Laclette JP. The Genomes of Two Strains of Taenia crassiceps the Animal Model for the Study of Human Cysticercosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:876839. [PMID: 35619649 PMCID: PMC9128525 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.876839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cysticercosis by Taenia solium is the major cause of neurological illness in countries of Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Americas. Publication of four cestode genomes (T. solium, Echinococcus multilocularis, E. granulosus and Hymenolepis microstoma) in the last decade, marked the advent of novel approaches on the study of the host-parasite molecular crosstalk for cestode parasites of importance for human and animal health. Taenia crassiceps is another cestode parasite, closely related to T. solium, which has been used in numerous studies as an animal model for human cysticercosis. Therefore, characterization of the T. crassiceps genome will also contribute to the understanding of the human infection. Here, we report the genome of T. crassiceps WFU strain, reconstructed to a noncontiguous finished resolution and performed a genomic and differential expression comparison analysis against ORF strain. Both strain genomes were sequenced using Oxford Nanopore (MinION) and Illumina technologies, achieving high quality assemblies of about 107 Mb for both strains. Dotplot comparison between WFU and ORF demonstrated that both genomes were extremely similar. Additionally, karyotyping results for both strains failed to demonstrate a difference in chromosome composition. Therefore, our results strongly support the concept that the absence of scolex in the ORF strain of T. crassiceps was not the result of a chromosomal loss as proposed elsewhere. Instead, it appears to be the result of subtle and extensive differences in the regulation of gene expression. Analysis of variants between the two strains identified 2,487 sites with changes distributed in 31 of 65 scaffolds. The differential expression analysis revealed that genes related to development and morphogenesis in the ORF strain might be involved in the lack of scolex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl J. Bobes
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Karel Estrada
- Biotechnology Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | | | - Patricia de la Torre
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Julio C. Carrero
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Sanchez-Flores
- Biotechnology Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Juan P. Laclette, ; Alejandro Sanchez-Flores,
| | - Juan P. Laclette
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Juan P. Laclette, ; Alejandro Sanchez-Flores,
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Nava-Castro KE, Pavón L, Becerril-Villanueva LE, Ponce-Regalado MD, Aguilar-Díaz H, Segovia-Mendoza M, Morales-Montor J. Sexual Dimorphism of the Neuroimmunoendocrine Response in the Spleen during a Helminth Infection: A New Role for an Old Player? Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11030308. [PMID: 35335632 PMCID: PMC8955289 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems is crucial in maintaining homeostasis in vertebrates, and vital in mammals. The spleen is a key organ that regulates the neuroimmunoendocrine system. The Taenia crassiceps mouse system is an excellent experimental model to study the complex host–parasite relationship, particularly sex-associated susceptibility to infection. The present study aimed to determine the changes in neurotransmitters, cytokines, sex steroids, and sex-steroid receptors in the spleen of cysticercus-infected male and female mice and whole parasite counts. We found that parasite load was higher in females in comparison to male mice. The levels of the neurotransmitter epinephrine were significantly decreased in infected male animals. The expression of IL-2 and IL-4 in the spleen was markedly increased in infected mice; however, the expression of Interleukin (IL)-10 and interferon (IFN)-γ decreased. We also observed sex-associated differences between non-infected and infected mice. Interestingly, the data show that estradiol levels increased in infected males but decreased in females. Our studies provide evidence that infection leads to changes in neuroimmunoendocrine molecules in the spleen, and these changes are dimorphic and impact the establishment, growth, and reproduction of T. crassiceps. Our findings support the critical role of the neuroimmunoendocrine network in determining sex-associated susceptibility to the helminth parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Elizabeth Nava-Castro
- Laboratorio de Biología y Química Atmosférica, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico;
| | - Lenin Pavón
- Laboratory of Psychoimmunology, National Institute of Psychiatry “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (L.P.); (L.E.B.-V.)
| | - Luis Enrique Becerril-Villanueva
- Laboratory of Psychoimmunology, National Institute of Psychiatry “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (L.P.); (L.E.B.-V.)
| | - María Dolores Ponce-Regalado
- Centro Universitario de los Altos, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco 47610, Mexico;
| | - Hugo Aguilar-Díaz
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Disciplinarias en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Morelos 50550, Mexico;
| | - Mariana Segovia-Mendoza
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 00810, Mexico;
| | - Jorge Morales-Montor
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-5622-3854 or +52-55-5622-3732; Fax: +52-55-5622-3369
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Guerrero-Hernández J, Bobes RJ, García-Varela M, Castellanos-Gonzalez A, Laclette JP. Identification and functional characterization of the siRNA pathway in Taenia crassiceps by silencing Enolase A. Acta Trop 2022; 225:106197. [PMID: 34688628 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A gene silencing procedure on cysticerci of the taeniid cestode Taenia crassiceps is described. This is the first time this technique is reported in this species that is widely used as an animal model for human cysticercosis. Genome database searches were performed in order to find out if relevant genes involved in gene silencing and non-coding RNA processing, Argonaute and Dicer (AGO and Dcr) are present in T. crassiceps. We found three AGO and two Dcr orthologues that were designed TcAGO1, Tc2 and Tc3, as well as TcDcr1 and TcDcr2. In order to elucidate the evolutionary relationships of T. crassiceps TcAGO and TcDcr genes, separate phylogenetic analyses were carried out for each, including AGO and Dcr orthologues of other 20 platyhelminthes. Our findings showed a close phylogenetic relationship of TcAGO and TcDcr with those previously described for Echinococcus spp. Our RT-PCR studies demonstrated expression of all TcAGO and TcDcr orthologues. Our results show that the gene silencing machinery in T. crassiceps is functionally active by inducing silencing of TcEnoA (∼90%). These results clearly show that gene silencing using siRNAs can be used as a molecular methodology to study gene function in taeniid cestodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Guerrero-Hernández
- Biomedical Research Institute. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, 04510, Coyoacán, Cd. de México, México
| | - Raúl J Bobes
- Biomedical Research Institute. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, 04510, Coyoacán, Cd. de México, México
| | - Martín García-Varela
- Biology Institute. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Coyoacán, Cd. de México, México
| | - Alejandro Castellanos-Gonzalez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, United States; Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, United States..
| | - Juan P Laclette
- Biomedical Research Institute. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, 04510, Coyoacán, Cd. de México, México.
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Díaz-Zaragoza M, Jiménez L, Hernández M, Hernández-Ávila R, Navarro L, Ochoa-Sánchez A, Encarnación-Guevara S, Ostoa-Saloma P, Landa A. Protein expression profile of Taenia crassiceps cysticerci related to Th1- and Th2-type responses in the mouse cysticercosis model. Acta Trop 2020; 212:105696. [PMID: 32956635 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The intraperitoneal cysticercosis model with the Taenia crassiceps ORF strain in female BALB/cAnN mice has been widely used to study the immune response in cysticercosis. During early infection (2 weeks), the host develops a non-permissive Th1 response, whereas during late infection (8 weeks), molecules from the cysticerci induce a Th2 response that is permissive to parasite growth. The modulation of the Th2 response is induced by molecules excreted/secreted by the larval stage of the parasite. However, there is limited information regarding the response of cysticerci to the mouse immunological environment during infection. The proteomic profiles in T. crassiceps ORF cysticerci when faced with the mouse Th1 and Th2 responses were analyzed through two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE), and the differential expression of proteins was evaluated. Thirteen proteins, whose differential expression varied between 70% and 100%, were selected randomly. Protein identification by MALDI-TOF MS and BLAST showed that the proteins were related to folding, signaling, enzymatic activities, cell-movement regulation, cell-cell interactions, motility, carbohydrate metabolism, detoxification, and redox regulation processes. Notably, some of the proteins can act as antigenic-protective molecules and elicit a weak Th1 response; however, most are involved in the avoidance of the immune system, which leads to a Th2 response, or apoptosis. The findings indicate the process by which T. crassiceps cysticerci responds based on the host environment and provides novel insights into the mechanism by which this facilitates its establishment and persistence in the mouse. Furthermore, these proteins could be used as targets for drug and vaccine development.
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Mimotope-based antigens as potential vaccine candidates in experimental murine cysticercosis. Parasitology 2020; 147:1330-1337. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020001080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHuman cysticercosis is a public health problem caused by Taenia solium metacestodes; thus, eradication of T. solium transmission by vaccination is an urgent requirement. The Cc48 mimotope from T. solium cysticerci was tested expressed in phage particles (mCc48) and chemically synthesized (sCc48) as a vaccine candidate in experimental murine cysticercosis. For this, BALB/c mice were immunized with mCc48 (G1; n = 40), sCc48 (G2; n = 40) and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (G3; n = 40, positive control) and challenged with Taenia crassiceps metacestodes. Another PBS group without parasite challenge was used as a negative control (G4; n = 40). Mice were sacrificed 15, 30, 45 and 60 days post-infection for cysticerci and serum collection. Immunization efficacy was determined by cysticerci counting. Serum samples were tested by ELISA to verify antibody (IgM, IgG, IgA and IgE) and cytokine (IFNγ and IL-4) levels. The sCc48 achieved the highest rates of protection and efficacy (90 and 98%, respectively). The group immunized with mCc48 presented the highest reactivity for IgM, IgG and IgE. All groups presented IL-4, but IFNγ was quite variable among groups. The protection induced by sCc48 synthetic peptide supports further studies of this mimotope as a potential vaccine candidate against cysticercosis.
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Taenia solium glutathione transferase fraction activates macrophages and favors the development of Th1-type response. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181132. [PMID: 30538171 PMCID: PMC6340957 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) transferase (GST) is an essential enzyme in cestodes for the detoxification of xenobiotics. In Taenia solium, two GSTs (Ts25GST and Ts26GST kDa) were isolated as a fraction (SGSTF) by GSH-Sepharose-4B. Both are located on the tegument. Immunization assays with SGSTF reduced up to 90% of the parasitic load in a murine model of cysticercosis. It prompted us to investigate how SGSTF induces this protective immune response. To test it, we exposed peritoneal macrophages to SGSTF for 24 h; such exposure favored the production of IL-12, TNF, and IL-10 as well as the expression of nitric oxide synthase 2 inducible (Nos2) and CD86, but did not induce the expression of chitinase-like 3 (Chil3). Confocal microscopy showed that the macrophages internalize the SGSTF which co-localized after 1 h with MHC-II in their plasma membranes. Macrophages exposed to SGSTF and co-cultured with anti-CD3 pre-activated T CD4+ cells, enhanced the proliferation of CD4+ cells, induced high interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secretion, and elevated the expression of CD25 and CD69, molecules associated with cell activation. Similar assay using T CD4+ cells from DO11.10 mice and ovalbumin (OVA) peptide+SGSTF as stimuli, showed enhanced cell proliferation and OVA-specific IFN-γ secretion. These data are in-line with those indicating that the P1, P5, and P6 peptides of Schistosoma japonicum 28GST highly promote T-cell proliferation and Th1 response in vitro. We found that such peptides are also present on Ts25GST and Ts26GST. It suggests that SGSTF activates peritoneal macrophages to a classically activated-like phenotype, and that these macrophages induce the differentiation of T CD4+ cells toward a Th1-type response.
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Anti-GK1 antibodies damage Taenia crassiceps cysticerci through complement activation. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:2543-2553. [PMID: 29876861 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5943-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Taeniasis-cysticercosis, a zoonosis caused by Taenia solium, is prevalent in underdeveloped countries, where marginalization promotes its continued transmission. Pig cysticercosis, an essential stage for transmission, is preventable by vaccination. An efficient multiepitope vaccine against pig cysticercosis, S3Pvac, was developed. Previous studies showed that antibodies against one of the S3Pvac components, GK-1, are capable of damaging T. solium cysticerci, inhibiting their ability to transform into the adult stage in golden hamster gut. This study is aimed to evaluate one of the mechanisms that could mediate anti-GK-1 antibody-dependent protection. To this end, pig anti-GK-1 antibodies were produced and purified by using protein A. Proteomic analysis showed that the induced antibodies recognized the respective native cysticercal protein KE7 (Bobes et al. Infect Immun 85:e00395-17, 2017) and two additional T. solium proteins (endophilin B1 and Gp50). A new procedure to evaluate cysticercus viability, based on quantifying the cytochrome c released after parasite damage, was developed. Taenia crassiceps cysticerci were cultured in the presence of differing amounts of anti-GK-1 antibody and complement in a saturating concentration, along with the respective controls. Cysticercus viability was assessed by recording parasite motility, trypan blue exclusion, and cytochrome c levels in cysticercal soluble extract. Anti-GK-1 antibody significantly increased cysticercus damage as measured by all three methods. Parasite evaluation by electron microscopy after treatment with anti-GK-1 antibody plus complement demonstrated cysticercus damage as shorter, capsule-severed microtrichia; a decrease in glycocalyx length with respect to untreated cysts; and disaggregated desmosomes. These results demonstrate that anti-GK-1 antibodies damage cysticerci through classic complement activation.
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Cervantes-Torres J, Segura-Velázquez R, Padilla P, Sciutto E, Fragoso G. High stability of the immunomodulatory GK-1 synthetic peptide measured by a reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography method. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1060:97-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Fragoso G, Hernández M, Cervantes-Torres J, Ramírez-Aquino R, Chapula H, Villalobos N, Segura-Velázquez R, Figueroa A, Flores I, Jiménez H, Adalid L, Rosas G, Galvez L, Pezzat E, Monreal-Escalante E, Rosales-Mendoza S, Vazquez LG, Sciutto E. Transgenic papaya: a useful platform for oral vaccines. PLANTA 2017; 245:1037-1048. [PMID: 28194565 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2658-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic papaya callus lines expressing the components of the S3Pvac vaccine constitute a stable platform to produce an oral vaccine against cysticercosis caused by Taenia solium or T. crassiceps. The development of effective delivery systems to cope with the reduced immunogenicity of new subunit vaccines is a priority in vaccinology. Herein, experimental evidence supporting a papaya-based platform to produce needle-free, recombinant, highly immunogenic vaccines is shown. Papaya (Carica papaya) callus lines were previously engineered by particle bombardment to express the three protective peptides of the S3Pvac anti-cysticercosis vaccine (KETc7, KETc12, KETc1). Calli were propagated in vitro, and a stable integration and expression of the target genes has been maintained, as confirmed by PCR, qRT-PCR, and HPLC. These results point papaya calli as a suitable platform for long-term transgenic expression of the vaccine peptides. The previously demonstrated protective immunogenic efficacy of S3Pvac-papaya orally administered to mice is herein confirmed in a wider dose-range and formulated with different delivery vehicles, adequate for oral vaccination. This protection is accompanied by an increase in anti-S3Pvac antibody titers and a delayed hypersensitivity response against the vaccine. A significant increase in CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte proliferation was induced in vitro by each vaccine peptide in mice immunized with the lowest dose of S3Pvac papaya (0.56 ng of the three peptides in 0.1 µg of papaya callus total protein per mouse). In pigs, the obliged intermediate host for Taenia solium, S3Pvac papaya was also immunogenic when orally administered in a two-log dose range. Vaccinated pigs significantly increased anti-vaccine antibodies and mononuclear cell proliferation. Overall, the oral immunogenicity of this stable S3Pvac-papaya vaccine in mice and pigs, not requiring additional adjuvants, supports the interest in papaya callus as a useful platform for plant-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladis Fragoso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marisela Hernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jacquelynne Cervantes-Torres
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rubén Ramírez-Aquino
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Calle 13 Sur 2702, CP 72420, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Héctor Chapula
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nelly Villalobos
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - René Segura-Velázquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Figueroa
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n, CP 39087, Chilpancingo, GRO, Mexico
| | - Iván Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, CP 62209, Cuernavaca, MOR, Mexico
| | - Herminio Jiménez
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Calle 13 Sur 2702, CP 72420, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Laura Adalid
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, SSA, Colonia la Fama, Delegación Tlalpan, Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Rosas
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, CP 62209, Cuernavaca, MOR, Mexico
| | - Luis Galvez
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Calle 13 Sur 2702, CP 72420, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Elias Pezzat
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Calle 13 Sur 2702, CP 72420, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Monreal-Escalante
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, 78210, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, 78210, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Luis G Vazquez
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Calle 13 Sur 2702, CP 72420, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Edda Sciutto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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11
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Monreal-Escalante E, Govea-Alonso DO, Hernández M, Cervantes J, Salazar-González JA, Romero-Maldonado A, Rosas G, Garate T, Fragoso G, Sciutto E, Rosales-Mendoza S. Towards the development of an oral vaccine against porcine cysticercosis: expression of the protective HP6/TSOL18 antigen in transgenic carrots cells. PLANTA 2016; 243:675-685. [PMID: 26613600 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Taenia solium HP6/TSOL18 antigen was produced in carrot cells, yielding an immunogenic protein that induced significant protection in an experimental murine model against T. crassiceps cysticercosis when orally administered. This result supports the potential of HP6/TSOL18-carrot as a low-cost anti-cysticercosis vaccine candidate. Cysticercosis is a zoonosis caused by Taenia solium that can be prevented by interrupting the parasite life cycle through pig vaccination. Several injectable vaccine candidates have been reported, but the logistic difficulties and costs for its application limited its use in nationwide control programs. Oral plant-based vaccines can deal with this limitation, because of their easy administration and low cost. A stable expression of the HP6/TSOL18 anti-T. solium cysticercosis protective antigen in carrot calli transformed with an optimized transgene is herein reported. An antigen accumulation up to 14 µg g(-1) of dry-weight biomass was achieved in the generated carrot lines. Mouse immunization with one of the transformed calli induced both specific IgG and IgA anti-HP6/TSOL18 antibodies. A statistically significant reduction in the expected number of T. crassiceps cysticerci was observed in mice orally immunized with carrot-made HP6/TSOL18, in a similar extent to that obtained by subcutaneous immunization with recombinant HP6/TSOL18 protein. In this study, a new oral plant-made version of the HP6/TSOL18 anti-cysticercosis vaccine is reported. The vaccine candidate should be further tested against porcine cysticercosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Monreal-Escalante
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, 78210, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Dania O Govea-Alonso
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, 78210, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Marisela Hernández
- Dpto. Inmunología. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Escolar, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Jacquelynne Cervantes
- Dpto. Inmunología. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Escolar, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Jorge A Salazar-González
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, 78210, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Andrea Romero-Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, 78210, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Rosas
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Teresa Garate
- Dpto. de Parasitología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gladis Fragoso
- Dpto. Inmunología. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Escolar, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Edda Sciutto
- Dpto. Inmunología. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Escolar, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
| | - Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, 78210, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
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Meena D, Gupta M, Jain VK, Arya RK. Isolated intramuscular cysticercosis: Clinicopathological features, diagnosis and management - A review. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2016; 7:243-249. [PMID: 28053392 PMCID: PMC5197059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysticercosis is an emerging parasitic disease affecting worldwide population. There is large volume of data present in the literature for neurocysticercosis. The isolated intramuscular involvement of cysticercosis is uncommon and there are only sporadic case reports available. There is no review available in the literature which gives in detail clinicoradiological features and management of isolated intramuscular cysticercosis. Knowledge about such a presentation is important especially in developing countries and to differentiate the condition from a variety of other similar conditions.
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13
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Expression of Multiple Taenia Solium Immunogens in Plant Cells Through a Ribosomal Skip Mechanism. Mol Biotechnol 2015; 57:635-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-015-9853-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Hou J, Luo X, Wang S, Yin C, Zhang S, Zhu X, Dou Y, Cai X. Sequence analysis and molecular characterization of Wnt4 gene in metacestodes of Taenia solium. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2014; 52:163-8. [PMID: 24850959 PMCID: PMC4028453 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2014.52.2.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Wnt proteins are a family of secreted glycoproteins that are evolutionarily conserved and considered to be involved in extensive developmental processes in metazoan organisms. The characterization of wnt genes may improve understanding the parasite's development. In the present study, a wnt4 gene encoding 491amino acids was amplified from cDNA of metacestodes of Taenia solium using reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Bioinformatics tools were used for sequence analysis. The conserved domain of the wnt gene family was predicted. The expression profile of Wnt4 was investigated using real-time PCR. Wnt4 expression was found to be dramatically increased in scolex evaginated cysticerci when compared to invaginated cysticerci. In situ hybridization showed that wnt4 gene was distributed in the posterior end of the worm along the primary body axis in evaginated cysticerci. These findings indicated that wnt4 may take part in the process of cysticerci evagination and play a role in scolex/bladder development of cysticerci of T. solium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Xuenong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Cai Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Xueliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Yongxi Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Xuepeng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
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Evolution, molecular epidemiology and perspectives on the research of taeniid parasites with special emphasis on Taenia solium. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 23:150-60. [PMID: 24560729 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Human cysticercosis is known since old historical times in Greece and China; however, human infections by tapeworms have accompanied human beings for more that hundred thousand years. The disease is tightly bound to poverty and lack of hygiene, and has been eradicated in developed countries, but continues being a public health problem in developing countries of Latin-American, Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia, and is also remerging in a number of non endemic countries. It is considered a neglected disease. Here we revise a number of key scientific contributions on taeniid biology that open new avenues for more effective approaches to the control of cysticercosis. The evolution of flatworms and class Cestoda is analyzed, with special emphasis on the emergence of taeniid parasites and the colonization of the human species by tapeworms. The complex molecular host-parasite interplay in this relationship as result of co-evolution between two distantly related organisms. The relevant host and parasite's factors, in the prospect of identifying species-specific molecular markers useful in epidemiological studies carried out in endemic countries. The new possibilities arising with the characterization of the genomes for several species of tapeworms, including a deeper understanding of these organisms, as well as improved tools for diagnosis, vaccination and drug treatment. The need to revise the current control and management strategies for this tropical neglected disease.
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Sciutto E, Fragoso G, Hernández M, Rosas G, Martínez JJ, Fleury A, Cervantes J, Aluja A, Larralde C. Development of the S3Pvac vaccine against porcine Taenia solium cysticercosis: a historical review. J Parasitol 2013; 99:686-92. [PMID: 23445359 DOI: 10.1645/ge-3102.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we present a review of our research dealing with vaccination against experimental and naturally acquired porcine Taenia solium cysticercosis using Taenia crassiceps-derived antigens. Results strongly support that the different versions of S3Pvac vaccine are indeed effective against porcine T. solium cysticercosis. Immunological results related to vaccination prove that protection is at least partially mediated by specific immunity. The data also support the validity of T. crassiceps murine cysticercosis as an effective tool to identify vaccine candidates against some metacestode infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edda Sciutto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF, México.
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Jacob SS, Cherian S, Sumithra TG, Raina OK, Sankar M. Edible vaccines against veterinary parasitic diseases--current status and future prospects. Vaccine 2013; 31:1879-85. [PMID: 23485715 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protection of domestic animals against parasitic infections remains a major challenge in most of the developing countries, especially in the surge of drug resistant strains. In this circumstance vaccination seems to be the sole practical strategy to combat parasites. Most of the presently available live or killed parasitic vaccines possess many disadvantages. Thus, expression of parasitic antigens has seen a continued interest over the past few decades. However, only a limited success was achieved using bacterial, yeast, insect and mammalian expression systems. This is witnessed by an increasing number of reports on transgenic plant expression of previously reported and new antigens. Oral delivery of plant-made vaccines is particularly attractive due to their exceptional advantages. Moreover, the regulatory burden for veterinary vaccines is less compared to human vaccines. This led to an incredible investment in the field of transgenic plant vaccines for veterinary purpose. Plant based vaccine trials have been conducted to combat various significant parasitic diseases such as fasciolosis, schistosomosis, poultry coccidiosis, porcine cycticercosis and ascariosis. Besides, passive immunization by oral delivery of antibodies expressed in transgenic plants against poultry coccidiosis is an innovative strategy. These trials may pave way to the development of promising edible veterinary vaccines in the near future. As the existing data regarding edible parasitic vaccines are scattered, an attempt has been made to assemble the available literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siju S Jacob
- Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, UP, India.
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18
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Sciutto E, Fragoso G, Hernández M, Rosas G, Martínez JJ, Fleury A, Cervantes J, Aluja A, Larralde C. Development of the S3Pvac vaccine against murine Taenia crassiceps cysticercosis: a historical review. J Parasitol 2013; 99:693-702. [PMID: 23409920 DOI: 10.1645/ge-3101.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Our work of the last 25 yr was concerned with the development of a vaccine aimed to prevent porcine Taenia solium cysticercosis and was based on cross-reacting Taenia crassiceps antigens that had proved protective against experimental intraperitoneal murine T. crassiceps cysticercosis (EIMTcC). In recent times the efficacy of the vaccine has been considered in need of confirmation, and the use of EIMTcC has been questioned as a valid tool in screening for vaccine candidates among the many antigens possibly involved. A review of our work divided in 2 parts is presented at this point, the first dealing with EIMTcC and the second with porcine T. solium cysticercosis (presented in this issue). Herein, we revise our results using EIMTcC as a measure of the protective capacity of T. crassiceps complex antigen mixtures, of purified native antigens, and of S3Pvac anti-cysticercosis vaccine composed by 3 protective peptides: GK-1, KETc1, and KETc12 either synthetic or recombinantly expressed and collectively or separately, by diverse delivery systems when administered at different doses and by different routes. Statistical analyses of the data lead confidently to the strong inference that S3Pvac is indeed an effective vaccine against EIMTcC via specific and non-specific mechanisms of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edda Sciutto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF, México.
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Ding J, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Dou Y, Chen X, Zhu X, Wang S, Zhang S, Liu Z, Hou J, Zhai J, Yan H, Luo X, Cai X. Immune responses to a recombinant attenuated Salmonella typhimurium strain expressing a Taenia solium oncosphere antigen TSOL18. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 36:17-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Molecular characterization, functional expression, tissue localization and protective potential of a Taenia solium fatty acid-binding protein. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2012; 186:117-25. [PMID: 23085006 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Revised: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) comprise a family of proteins that are widely expressed in animal cells and perform a variety of vital functions. Here, we report the identification, characterization, recombinant expression, tissue localization and protective potential of a Taenia solium FABP (TsFABP1). The TsFABP1 primary structure showed all the conserved residues characteristic of the subfamily iv of the intracellular Lipid-Binding Proteins (iLBPs), including those involved in the binding stabilization of the fatty acid molecule. Through a competitive binding assay we found that TsFABP1 is able to bind at least six different fatty acids with preference toward palmitic and stearic acid, suggesting that TsFABP1 is a member of the iLBP subfamily iv. Immunolocalization assays carried out on larval and adult tissues of four species of taeniids using anti-TsFABP1 hyperimmune sera produced in mice and rabbit, showed intense labeling in the tegument of the spiral canal and in subtegumental cytons of the larvae. These findings suggest that the spiral canal might be a major place for FA uptake in the developing scolex. In contrast, only subtegumental cytons in the adult worms stained positive. We propose that TsFABP1 is involved in the mechanism to mobilize fatty acids between compartments in the extensive syncytial tissue of taeniids. Protection assays carried out in a murine model of cysticercosis showed that subcutaneous immunization with TsFABP1 resulted in about 45% reduction of parasite load against an intraperitoneal challenge with Taenia crassiceps cysts. This reduction in parasite load correlated with the level of cellular and humoral immune responses against TsFABP1, as determined in spleen lymphocyte proliferation and ELISA testing.
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21
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Giri S, Parija SC. A review on diagnostic and preventive aspects of cystic echinococcosis and human cysticercosis. Trop Parasitol 2012; 2:99-108. [PMID: 23767016 PMCID: PMC3680870 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5070.105174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis and human cysticercosis have recently been included in the list of "neglected tropical diseases" by the World Health Organization (WHO). Both are zoonoses which are prevalent throughout the world and lead to considerable mortality, morbidity, and economic losses as well. This review deals with the disease burden of these two neglected cestode infections. Diagnostic modalities with their specific advantages and disadvantages have also been discussed. Recent developments in immunodiagnostic assays for the two diseases have been dealt with. Various control strategies including the use of veterinary vaccines have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidhartha Giri
- Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Christian Medical College (CMC), Vellore, India
| | - Subhash Chandra Parija
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
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22
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Betancourt MA, de Aluja AS, Sciutto E, Hernández M, Bobes RJ, Rosas G, Hernández B, Fragoso G, Hallal-Calleros C, Aguilar L, Flores-Peréz I. Effective protection induced by three different versions of the porcine S3Pvac anticysticercosis vaccine against rabbit experimental Taenia pisiformis cysticercosis. Vaccine 2012; 30:2760-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Changes in cyst's nuclear chromatin resulting after experimental manipulation of Taenia crassiceps mice infections: biological implications. Exp Parasitol 2012; 130:423-9. [PMID: 22343043 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2012.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
During some estimations of the nuclear DNA content, based on determinations propidium iodide (PI) binding through fluorocytometry for Taenia crassiceps cysticerci, significant variation in the results were found. This initial observation led to a series of experiments designed to explain the variation. These changes could be induced by the diameter of the needles in the syringes used for the mouse to mouse transfer of the cysts. Nuclei from cysts transferred through 27-gauge needles showed 30% less PI staining than those transferred through 21 gauge needles, after 2 months infections. Reduction in PI capture induced by 27-gauge needle was reversible when the cysts were maintained in their mice hosts during 5 months. Moreover, variation in PI binding to cysticercal DNA was also found when comparing parasites grown in male versus female mice. The use of agents that homogenize the chromatin structure during PI staining, allowed demonstrating that variation were entirely due to differences in the chromatin relaxation/compaction. Additional experiments demonstrated that the higher compaction is accompanied by a reduced ability of cysts to grow in the peritoneal cavity of BALB/cAnN mice. Furthermore, proteomic analysis also showed that these changes in chromatin relaxation/compaction resulted in different levels and patterns of protein expression. Our results strongly suggest that chromatin is involved in several well characterized phenomena of the T. crassiceps murine model, and open new avenues for a detailed approach to understand such a complex host-parasite relationship.
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Terrazas CA, Sánchez-Muñoz F, Mejía-Domínguez AM, Amezcua-Guerra LM, Terrazas LI, Bojalil R, Gómez-García L. Cestode antigens induce a tolerogenic-like phenotype and inhibit LPS inflammatory responses in human dendritic cells. Int J Biol Sci 2011; 7:1391-400. [PMID: 22110390 PMCID: PMC3221946 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.7.1391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens have developed strategies to modify Dendritic Cells (DCs) phenotypes and impair their functions in order to create a safer environment for their survival. DCs responses to helminths and their derivatives vary among different studies. Here we show that excretory/secretory products of the cestode Taenia crassiceps (TcES) do not induce the maturation of human DCs judged by a lack of increment in the expression of CD83, HLA-DR, CD80 and CD86 molecules but enhanced the production of IL-10 and positively modulated the expression of the C-type lectin receptor MGL and negatively modulated the expression of DC-SIGN. Additionally, these antigens were capable of down-modulating the inflammatory response induced by LPS in these cells by reducing the expression of the maturation markers and the production of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF, IL-12 and IL-6. The effects of TcES upon the DCs responses to LPS were stronger if cells were exposed during their differentiation to the helminth antigens. All together, these findings suggest the ability of TcES to induce the differentiation of human DCs into a tolerogenic-like phenotype and to inhibit the effects of inflammatory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- César A Terrazas
- Biomedicine Unit, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, México City, México
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Heterologous prime-boost oral immunization with GK-1 peptide from Taenia crassiceps cysticerci induces protective immunity. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2011; 18:1067-76. [PMID: 21593234 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.05030-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Oral immunization is a goal in vaccine development, particularly for pathogens that enter the host through the mucosal system. This study was designed to explore the immunogenic properties of the Taenia crassiceps protective peptide GK-1 administered orally. Mice were orally immunized with the synthetic GK-1 peptide in its linear form with or without the Brucella lumazine synthase (BLS) protein adjuvant or as a chimera recombinantly bound to BLS (BLS-GK-1). Mice were boosted twice with GK-1 only at 15-day intervals. A significant rate of protection of 64.7% was achieved in GK-1-immunized mice, and that rate significantly increased to 91.8 and 96% when mice were primed with GK-1 coadministered with BLS as an adjuvant and BLS as a carrier, respectively. Specific antibodies and T cell activation and proliferation accompanied the protection induced, revealing the potent immunogenicity of GK-1. Through immunohistochemical studies, GK-1 was detected in T and B cell zones of the Peyer's patches (PP) and mesenteric lymph nodes. In the latter, abundant proliferating cells were detected by 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation. No proliferation was detected in PP. Altogether, these results portray the potent immunogenic properties of GK-1 administered orally and reinforce the usefulness of BLS as an adjuvant and adequate vaccine delivery system for oral vaccines.
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de Aluja A, Herrera G, Hernández M, Plancarte A, Fragoso G, Sciutto E. Limits of the therapeutic properties of synthetic S3Pvac anti-cysticercosis vaccine. Vet Parasitol 2011; 177:90-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lightowlers MW. Fact or hypothesis: Taenia crassiceps as a model for Taenia solium, and the S3Pvac vaccine. Parasite Immunol 2011; 32:701-9. [PMID: 21039610 PMCID: PMC3033518 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2010.01231.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Research undertaken over the past 40 years has established many of the general principals concerning immunity to taeniid cestodes. Although much is well understood about the host-protective mechanisms against taeniids and this knowledge has been exploited in studies on vaccine development, many aspects require further investigation or confirmation. Some phenomena have come to be regarded as being well established, while careful analysis of the published data would suggest that they may be better regarded as hypotheses rather than established facts. This review considers one selected issue pertaining to immunity to cestode infections and examines carefully the nature of the evidence that is available to support conclusions that have been made in this area. The issue examined is the use of Taenia crassiceps as a model for cysticercosis in pigs caused by Taenia solium, together with the S3Pvac vaccine, which has been developed based on this model. Strong evidence is found to support the conclusion that defined T. crassiceps antigens can limit intraperitoneal proliferation of the ORF strain of T. crassiceps in mice; however, the potential for these antigens to affect T. solium infection in pigs requires further confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Lightowlers
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Vic., Australia.
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Sciutto E, Rosas G, Cruz-Revilla C, Toledo A, Cervantes J, Hernández M, Hernándezt B, Goldbaum FA, de Aluja AS, Fragoso G, Larralde C. Renewed hope for a vaccine against the intestinal adult Taenia solium. J Parasitol 2010; 93:824-31. [PMID: 17918361 DOI: 10.1645/ge-1018r1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Review of experimental and observational evidence about various cestode infections of mammalian hosts revives hope for the development of an effective vaccine against adult intestinal tapeworms, the central protagonists in their transmission dynamics. As for Taenia solium, there are abundant immunological data regarding cysticercosis in humans and pigs, but information about human taeniasis is scarce. A single publication reporting protection against T. solium taeniasis by experimental primo infection and by vaccination of an experimental foster host, the immunocompetent female hamster, kindles the hope of a vaccine against the tapeworm to be used in humans, its only natural definitive host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edda Sciutto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 70228, DF México.
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Guedes M, Zacharias F, Couto R, Portela R, Santos L, Santos S, Pedroza K, Peixoto A, López J, Mendonça-Lima F. Maternal transference of passive humoral immunity to Haemonchus contortus in goats. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2010; 136:138-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Revised: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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30
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Rassy D, Bobes RJ, Rosas G, Anaya VH, Brehm K, Hernández B, Cervantes J, Pedraza S, Morales J, Villalobos N, de Aluja AS, Laclette JP, Nunes CM, Biondi GF, Fragoso G, Hernández M, Sciutto E. Characterization of S3Pvac anti-cysticercosis vaccine components: implications for the development of an anti-cestodiasis vaccine. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11287. [PMID: 20585656 PMCID: PMC2890579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cysticercosis and hydatidosis seriously affect human health and are responsible for considerable economic loss in animal husbandry in non-developed and developed countries. S3Pvac and EG95 are the only field trial-tested vaccine candidates against cysticercosis and hydatidosis, respectively. S3Pvac is composed of three peptides (KETc1, GK1 and KETc12), originally identified in a Taenia crassiceps cDNA library. S3Pvac synthetically and recombinantly expressed is effective against experimentally and naturally acquired cysticercosis. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, the homologous sequences of two of the S3Pvac peptides, GK1 and KETc1, were identified and further characterized in Taenia crassiceps WFU, Taenia solium, Taenia saginata, Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis. Comparisons of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences coding for KETc1 and GK1 revealed significant homologies in these species. The predicted secondary structure of GK1 is almost identical between the species, while some differences were observed in the C terminal region of KETc1 according to 3D modeling. A KETc1 variant with a deletion of three C-terminal amino acids protected to the same extent against experimental murine cysticercosis as the entire peptide. On the contrary, immunization with the truncated GK1 failed to induce protection. Immunolocalization studies revealed the non stage-specificity of the two S3Pvac epitopes and their persistence in the larval tegument of all species and in Taenia adult tapeworms. Conclusions/Significance These results indicate that GK1 and KETc1 may be considered candidates to be included in the formulation of a multivalent and multistage vaccine against these cestodiases because of their enhancing effects on other available vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunia Rassy
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Raúl J. Bobes
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Gabriela Rosas
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos. Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Victor H. Anaya
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Brehm
- Institut für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie, Julius-Maximillians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Beatriz Hernández
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Jacquelynne Cervantes
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Saúl Pedraza
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Julio Morales
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Nelly Villalobos
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Aline S. de Aluja
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Juan P. Laclette
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Caris M. Nunes
- Departamento de Apoio, Produção e Saúde Animal, Campus de Araçatuba, Universidad Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Araçatuba, São Paolo, Brazil
| | - Germano F. Biondi
- Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia de Botucatu, Campus Botucatu, Universidad Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, São Paolo, Brazil
| | - Gladis Fragoso
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Marisela Hernández
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Edda Sciutto
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México
- * E-mail:
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Strategies of statistical image analysis of 2D immunoblots: The case of IgG response in experimental Taenia crassiceps cysticercosis. J Immunol Methods 2009; 351:46-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2009] [Revised: 09/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Taenia crassiceps is a cestode parasite of wild and domestic animals that rarely affects humans; it has been widely used as an experimental model. The asexual proliferation by budding is a useful attribute of T. crassiceps cysticerci, which allows the various strains to be maintained indefinitely in the peritoneal cavity of inbred mice. Over the last 50 years, experimental results using larval and adult stages of T. crassiceps have yielded much information on the morphology, infectivity, proliferation dynamics, host immune response, endocrinological responses and vaccine research, all of which have contributed to our knowledge of cestode biology.
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33
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Vargas-Villavicencio JA, Larralde C, De León-Nava MA, Escobedo G, Morales-Montor J. Tamoxifen treatment induces protection in murine cysticercosis. J Parasitol 2008; 93:1512-7. [PMID: 18314701 DOI: 10.1645/ge-1191.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Administration of tamoxifen (an antiestrogen) produced an 80% parasite load reduction in female mice, and a weaker effect of 50% in male mice. This protective effect was associated in both sexes, with an increase in the mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)-2 (a cytokine associated with protection against cysticerci) and IL-4 (no effect on infection). tamoxifen treatment modified 17-beta estradiol production in females, whereas serum testosterone was not affected. However, the expression of the 2 types of estrogen receptor (ER), i.e., ER-alpha and ER-beta, in the spleen of infected mice of both sexes, was decreased by tamoxifen treatment. In vitro, treatment of Taenia crassiceps with tamoxifen reduced reproduction and loss of motility. These results indicate that tamoxifen treatment is a new therapeutic possibility to treat cysticercosis, because it can act at both ends of the host-parasite relationship, i.e., by increasing the cellular immune response protective against the parasite and by directly affecting the parasite's reproduction and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Antonio Vargas-Villavicencio
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México AP70228, México D.F. 04510, México
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34
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Sciutto E, Chavarria A, Fragoso G, Fleury A, Larralde C. The immune response in Taenia solium cysticercosis: protection and injury. Parasite Immunol 2008; 29:621-36. [PMID: 18042169 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2007.00967.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews current knowledge on the innate and acquired immune responses in human Taenia solium neurocysticercosis, highlighting the conditions that appear to be favourable for the survival or destruction of the parasite and for the benefit or injury to its host.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sciutto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, México DF, Mexico.
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35
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Guo YJ, Wu D, Wang KY, Sun SH. Adjuvant effects of bacillus Calmette-Guerin DNA or CpG-oligonucleotide in the immune response to Taenia solium cysticercosis vaccine in porcine. Scand J Immunol 2008; 66:619-27. [PMID: 18021362 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2007.02013.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The immune stimulation properties of CpG-oligonucleotides (CpG-ODN) containing a central unmethylated CpG motif could be useful for vaccination against parasite infection. However, the high cost of synthetic CpG-ODN has limited its use in veterinary vaccines. In this study, we investigated whether genomic DNA derived from Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG-DNA) could be used as an effective adjuvant to enhance the immunogenicity and the protective capacity of recombinant cC1 antigen (rcC1) against pig cysticercosis. Pigs were vaccinated with rcC1 plus CpG-containing DNA adjuvants (BCG-DNA or CpG-ODN) or rcC1 alone. Immunization with rcC1 alone induced a Th1-biased response, whereas coadministration of rcC1 with BCG-DNA or CpG-ODN increased levels of IgG2, IFN-gamma, percentage of CD8+ and specific proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Four weeks after the last immunization, pigs were infected with Taenia solium eggs. A high level of protection (81%) was induced by rcC1 immunization that was not significantly increased by the CpG-containing DNA. These data indicate that coadministration of rcC1 plus BCG-DNA or CpG-ODN significantly enhanced Th1 response but did not improve the level of the protection induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-J Guo
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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36
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Tecson Mendoza EM, C Laurena A, Botella JR. Recent advances in the development of transgenic papaya technology. BIOTECHNOLOGY ANNUAL REVIEW 2008; 14:423-62. [PMID: 18606373 DOI: 10.1016/s1387-2656(08)00019-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Papaya with resistance to papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is the first genetically modified tree and fruit crop and also the first transgenic crop developed by a public institution that has been commercialized. This chapter reviews the different transformation systems used for papaya and recent advances in the use of transgenic technology to introduce important quality and horticultural traits in papaya. These include the development of the following traits in papaya: resistance to PRSV, mites and Phytophthora, delayed ripening trait or long shelf life by inhibiting ethylene production or reducing loss of firmness, and tolerance or resistance to herbicide and aluminum toxicity. The use of papaya to produce vaccine against tuberculosis and cysticercosis, an infectious animal disease, has also been explored. Because of the economic importance of papaya, there are several collaborative and independent efforts to develop PRSV transgenic papaya technology in 14 countries. This chapter further reviews the strategies and constraints in the adoption of the technology and biosafety to the environment and food safety. Constraints to adoption include public perception, strict and expensive regulatory procedures and intellectual property issues.
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37
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Rodríguez-Dorantes M, Cerbón MA, Larralde C, Morales-Montor J. Modified progesterone receptor expression in the hypothalamus of cysticercotic male mice. Acta Trop 2007; 103:123-32. [PMID: 17632066 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2007.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2007] [Revised: 05/22/2007] [Accepted: 05/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone participates in numerous developmental and behavioral processes in the mammalian brain. The intracellular (is this really intracellular? nuclear membrane?) progesterone receptor is expressed as two isoforms: a full-length form (PR-B) and the N-terminally truncated one (PR-A). Experimental intraperitoneal infections with Taenia crassiceps in mice exhibit the tendency of the parasites to develop more rapidly in females. Male mice undergo a feminization process characterized by their oestrogenisation, deandrogenisation and loss of sexual and aggressive patterns of behavior. Hence, we suspected that changes in PR expression in the brain could be involved in the feminization of the infected male mice and in the loss of the sexual and aggressive behaviors. We have studied the expression of PR isoforms in the normal and infected male mouse brain. Transcripts of both receptor isoforms (PR-A and -B) were readily detectable in normal and infected mice, but differentially regulated during infection depending on the area of the brain studied. Although the precise role of progesterone in mediating the behavioral changes noted during infection is not fully understood, our data implicate a role for PR signaling in the feminization process. CNS activity is potentially involved in the network that regulates the oestrogenisation and deandrogenisation observed in chronically infected male mice, as well as in the behavioral peculiarities observed in this parasitic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Rodríguez-Dorantes
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, DF 04510, México
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38
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Hernández M, Cabrera-Ponce JL, Fragoso G, López-Casillas F, Guevara-García A, Rosas G, León-Ramírez C, Juárez P, Sánchez-García G, Cervantes J, Acero G, Toledo A, Cruz C, Bojalil R, Herrera-Estrella L, Sciutto E. A new highly effective anticysticercosis vaccine expressed in transgenic papaya. Vaccine 2007; 25:4252-60. [PMID: 17399859 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.02.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Revised: 02/20/2007] [Accepted: 02/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of transgenic plants as new antigen-delivery systems for subunit vaccines has been increasingly explored. We herein report progress toward a papaya-based vaccine against cysticercosis. Synthetic peptides (KETc1, KETc12, KETc7) were successfully expressed in 19 different transgenic papaya clones and found to be immunogenic. Complete protection against cysticercosis was induced with the soluble extract of the clones that expressed the higher levels of transcripts in up to 90% of the immunized mice. This study represents a key step towards the development of a more effective, sustainable and affordable oral subunit vaccine against human and pig cysticercosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carica/genetics
- Cysticercosis/immunology
- Cysticercosis/prevention & control
- Cysticercus/growth & development
- Cysticercus/immunology
- Female
- Life Cycle Stages
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Models, Animal
- Peritoneal Cavity/parasitology
- Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism
- Vaccines, Subunit/genetics
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/isolation & purification
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/isolation & purification
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisela Hernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F. 04510, México
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39
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Li DA, He Y, Guo YJ, Wang F, Song SX, Wang Y, Yang F, He XW, Sun SH. Comparative proteomics analysis to annexin B1 DNA and protein vaccination in mice. Vaccine 2007; 25:932-8. [PMID: 17027125 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2006] [Revised: 08/27/2006] [Accepted: 08/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DNA vaccines have been widely reported to elicit both effective humoral and cellular immune responses, but the mechanisms of antigen processing and presentation in DNA immunization is still ambiguous. Aiming to molecular mechanisms involved in DNA immunization, comparative serum proteomics was introduced to discover differentially expressed proteins after different immunizations. Using two-dimensional electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, 23 three-fold or greater up-regulated proteins were separated and identified, including 14 from ANXB1 DNA immunized mice and 9 from annexin B1 protein immunized mice. The histocompatibility class I molecule H2-Q10 (HA10_MOUSE) and proteasome activator PA28 alpha-subunit (PSME1_MOUSE) were found up-regulated in ANXB1 DNA immunized mice, which may contribute to the augmented activation of T lymphocytes. These proteins may serve as potential surrogate markers of successful vaccination and provide research targets for molecular mechanisms of vaccinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-An Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiang-Yin Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China
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40
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Vargas-Villavicencio JA, Larralde C, Morales-Montor J. Gonadectomy and progesterone treatment induce protection in murine cysticercosis. Parasite Immunol 2006; 28:667-74. [PMID: 17096646 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2006.00906.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effects of progesterone on castrated mice of both sexes infected with Taenia crassiceps cysticerci were studied. Gonadectomy and treatment with progesterone before infection decreased parasite loads by 100% compared with intact uninfected mice. mRNA levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 (typically associated to Th1-like profiles) were markedly decreased in infected gonadectomized (Gx) mice, whereas progesterone treatment of infected Gx mice did not affected its expression. mRNA levels of IL-4, and IL-10 (typically associated with Th2-like profiles) were reduced by gonadectomy, whereas restitution with progesterone did not affected this pattern in infected Gx progesterone-treated mice. Infection markedly induced expression of progesterone receptor isoform A in splenocytes of Gx mice (5-fold), whereas isoform B had no changes. Progesterone metabolism to dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in Gx animals was increased 3-fold only in infected progesterone-treated uninfecteds of both sexes, but was not detectable in infected Gx progesterone-treated mice. Conversely, DHEA levels increased 100-fold in infected Gx progesterone-treated mice. However, androgen receptor expression in splenocytes of male mice showed a reduction by gonadectomy, and by infection, whereas in females AR expression showed no changes in the different mouse groups. These results suggest that progesterone, through its metabolism to DHEA, negatively affects the establishment, growth, and reproduction of Taenia crassiceps, by a mechanism that does not implicate a classic genomic pathway involving a nuclear androgen receptor.
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Sciutto E, Rosas G, Hernández M, Morales J, Cruz-Revilla C, Toledo A, Manoutcharian K, Gevorkian G, Blancas A, Acero G, Hernández B, Cervantes J, Bobes RJ, Goldbaum FA, Huerta M, Diaz-Orea A, Fleury A, de Aluja AS, Cabrera-Ponce JL, Herrera-Estrella L, Fragoso G, Larralde C. Improvement of the synthetic tri-peptide vaccine (S3Pvac) against porcine Taenia solium cysticercosis in search of a more effective, inexpensive and manageable vaccine. Vaccine 2006; 25:1368-78. [PMID: 17188784 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2006] [Revised: 10/03/2006] [Accepted: 10/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination of pigs may curtail Taenia solium transmission by reducing the number of cysticerci, the precursors of adult intestinal tapeworms in humans. Several antigen preparations induce protection against porcine cysticercosis in experimental settings but only one subunit vaccine (S3Pvac) has been tested and proved effective in the field against naturally acquired disease. Besides improving of the vaccine's effectiveness, significant reductions in production costs and in the logistics of its administration are necessary for the feasibility of nationwide control programs. This review highlights the development of several versions of S3Pvac aimed to increase effectiveness, reduce costs and increase feasibility by novel delivery systems and alternative routes of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edda Sciutto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F. 04510, Mexico.
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42
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Sciutto E, Morales J, Martínez JJ, Toledo A, Villalobos MN, Cruz-Revilla C, Meneses G, Hernández M, Díaz A, Rodarte LF, Acero G, Gevorkian G, Manoutcharian K, Paniagua J, Fragoso G, Fleury A, Larralde R, De Aluja AS, Larralde C. Further evaluation of the synthetic peptide vaccine S3Pvac againstTaenia soliumcysticercosis in pigs in an endemic town of Mexico. Parasitology 2006; 134:129-33. [PMID: 16948875 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182006001132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2006] [Accepted: 07/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Taenia soliumcysticercosis is a parasitic disease frequently affecting human health and the pig industry in many developing countries. A synthetic peptide vaccine (designated S3Pvac) against porcine cysticercosis has been developed previously as an aid to interrupt transmission and has been shown to be effective. The results of the present study support the effectiveness of the vaccine under endemic field conditions. However, given the time-frame of the vaccination trial, no changes in the local levels of transmission were detectable before and after vaccination using sentinel pigs. Thus, this investigation shows the limited usefulness of single vaccination as the sole means of interruptingTaenia soliumtransmission in an endemic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sciutto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, DF México.
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43
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Rosas G, Fragoso G, Ainciart N, Esquivel-Guadarrama F, Santana A, Bobes RJ, Ramírez-Pliego O, Toledo A, Cruz-Revilla C, Meneses G, Berguer P, Goldbaum FA, Sciutto E. Brucella spp. lumazine synthase: a novel adjuvant and antigen delivery system to effectively induce oral immunity. Microbes Infect 2006; 8:1277-86. [PMID: 16697684 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2005.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2005] [Revised: 12/07/2005] [Accepted: 12/08/2005] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Brucella lumazine synthase (BLS) has been previously used with success as a delivery system for systemic immunization against murine cysticercosis. We herein determined the usefulness of BLS as a new antigen-delivery system and mucosal-adjuvant using KETc1, one of the peptides of the anti-cysticercosis vaccine. A protection of up to 98% was induced when KETc1 was used as a chimera fused to BLS. Used as adjuvant of KETc1, BLS also induced a high level of protection (79%), which did not significantly differ from that induced by the cholera toxin (74%). KETc1 and BLS administered separately also reduced the parasite load. KETc1 administered orally as a chimera, and to a lesser extent with BLS as adjuvant, elicited IgG and IgA specific antibodies, which were detectable both in fecal extracts and in sera, and increased B and CD4 activated cells. BLS-KETc1 also increased the levels of transcription of TNF-alpha, IL-2 and IFNgamma in Peyer's patches, and in spleen, only increased TNF-alpha was observed. Overall, these results showed that BLS can be used as both an antigen-carrier and as an adjuvant in the design of new oral subunit vaccines.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Antibodies, Helminth/blood
- Antigens, Helminth/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Helminth/chemistry
- Antigens, Helminth/genetics
- Antigens, Helminth/immunology
- Brucella/enzymology
- Cysticercosis/immunology
- Cysticercosis/prevention & control
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Multienzyme Complexes
- Peyer's Patches/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Taenia/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Rosas
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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Mulcahy G, O'Neill S, Fanning J, McCarthy E, Sekiya M. Tissue migration by parasitic helminths – an immunoevasive strategy? Trends Parasitol 2005; 21:273-7. [PMID: 15922248 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2005.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/04/2005] [Accepted: 04/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Migration through host tissues has major costs for parasitic helminths in terms of energy expenditure, risks of attrition and the need to adapt to varying physicochemical environments. Nevertheless, such migratory phases seem to confer a specific survival advantage. One reason for this might be the avoidance of specific host immune-defence mechanisms designed to protect against threats at mucosal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Mulcahy
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Sciutto E, Toledo A, Cruz C, Rosas G, Meneses G, Laplagne D, Ainciart N, Cervantes J, Fragoso G, Goldbaum FA. Brucella spp. lumazine synthase: a novel antigen delivery system. Vaccine 2005; 23:2784-90. [PMID: 15780726 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2004] [Revised: 10/05/2004] [Accepted: 11/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lumazine synthase from Brucella spp. (BLS) was evaluated as a protein carrier to improve antigen delivery of KETc1, one of the peptides of the anti-cysticercosis vaccine. KETc1 becomes antigenic, preserved its immunogenicity and its protective capacity when expressed as a recombinant chimeric protein using Brucella spp. lumazine synthase. KETc1 and BLS-KETc1 were not MHC H-2(d), H-2(k) nor H-2(b) haplotype-restricted albeit KETc1 is preferentially presented in the H-2(b) haplotype. These findings support that BLS is a potent new delivery system for the improvement of subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edda Sciutto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 70228, México 04510, DF, México.
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Vargas-Villavicencio JA, Larralde C, De León-Nava MA, Morales-Montor J. Regulation of the immune response to cestode infection by progesterone is due to its metabolism to estradiol. Microbes Infect 2005; 7:485-93. [PMID: 15804489 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2004.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2004] [Revised: 12/09/2004] [Accepted: 12/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the role of progesterone during Taenia crassiceps cysticercosis, and the immunological mechanisms involved in its effects, by relating progesterone treatment to whole parasite counts, to host humoral and cellular immune response, to the presence or absence of nuclear receptors to sex steroids in splenocytes, and to serum sex steroid levels in infected mice of both genders. Progesterone treatment increased parasite loads two-fold in females and three-fold in males compared with control mice. The expression of the Th2 cytokine profile (IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10) was markedly increased in infected mice of both genders, while progesterone treatment returned this expression to basal levels. However, the Th1 cytokine profile (IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha) was not affected by infection, whilst progesterone treatment increased the expression of both cytokines two-fold compared to uninfected, infected and placebo-treated mice. Testosterone serum levels decreased in infected male mice by 95%, and treatment with progesterone did not affect them. In females, no change in testosterone levels was observed. Progesterone levels increased three-fold only in progesterone-treated infected mice of both sexes, while estradiol levels in female and male progesterone-treated infected mice increased two-fold compared to infected control mice. The infection markedly induced the expression of progesterone receptor (PR) isoforms A and B in splenocytes of infected mice of both genders (five-fold). Metabolism of progesterone to estradiol was demonstrated by the use of the anti-estrogen tamoxifen, which reduced parasite loads 100% in infected mice of both sexes treated with progesterone. These results suggest that progesterone, possibly through its metabolism to estradiol, affects establishment, growth and reproduction of the helminth parasite T. crassiceps.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Vargas-Villavicencio
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, U.N.A.M., AP 70228, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico
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Rodríguez-Sosa M, Saavedra R, Tenorio EP, Rosas LE, Satoskar AR, Terrazas LI. A STAT4-dependent Th1 response is required for resistance to the helminth parasite Taenia crassiceps. Infect Immun 2004; 72:4552-60. [PMID: 15271915 PMCID: PMC470677 DOI: 10.1128/iai.72.8.4552-4560.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the role of STAT4-dependent Th1 responses in the regulation of immunity to the helminth parasite Taenia crassiceps, we monitored infections with this parasite in resistant mice lacking the STAT4 gene. While T. crassiceps-infected STAT4(+/+) mice rapidly resolved the infection, STAT4(-/-) mice were highly susceptible to infection and displayed large parasite loads. Moreover, the inability of STAT4(-/-) mice to control the infection was associated with the induction of an antigen-specific Th2-type response characterized by significantly higher levels of Th2-associated immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and total IgE as well as interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10, and IL-13 than those in STAT4(+/+) mice, who produced significantly more gamma interferon. Furthermore, early after infection, macrophages from STAT4(-/-) mice produced lower levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-1 beta, and nitric oxide (NO) than those from STAT4(+/+) mice, suggesting a pivotal role for macrophages in mediating protection against cysticercosis. These findings demonstrate a critical role for the STAT4 signaling pathway in the development of a Th1-type immune response that is essential for mediating protection against the larval stage of T. crassiceps infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Rodríguez-Sosa
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico, D.F. 14080, Mexico
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Morales-Montor J, Arrieta I, Del Castillo LI, Rodríguez-Dorantes M, Cerbón MA, Larralde C. Remote sensing of intraperitoneal parasitism by the host's brain: regional changes ofc-fosgene expression in the brain of feminized cysticercotic male mice. Parasitology 2004; 128:343-51. [PMID: 15074883 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182003004529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Experimental intraperitonealTaenia crassicepscysticercosis in mice exhibits distinct genetical, immunological and endocrinological features possibly resulting from the complex interactive network of their physiological systems. Very notable is the tendency of parasites to grow faster in hosts of the female sex. It is also remarkable in the feminization process that the infection induces in chronically infected male mice, characterized by their estrogenization, deandrogenization and loss of sexual and aggressive patterns of behaviour. The proto-oncogenec-fosis a sex steroid-regulated transcription factor gene, expressed basally and upon stimulation by many organisms. In the CNS of rodents,c-fosis found expressed in association to sexual stimulation and to various immunological and stressful events. Hence, we suspected that changes inc-fosexpression in the brain could be involved in the feminization of the infected male mice. Indeed, it was found thatc-fosexpression increased at different times during infection in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, less so in the preoptic area and cortex, and not in several other organs. The significant and distinctive regional changes ofc-fosin the CNS of infected mice indicate that the brain of the host senses intraperitoneal cysticercosis and may also announce its active participation in the regulation of the host–parasite relationship. Possibly, the host's CNS activity is involved in the network that regulates the estrogenization and deandrogenization observed in the chronically infected male mice, as well as in the behavioural and immunological peculiarities observed in this parasitic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Morales-Montor
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico.
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Laplagne DA, Zylberman V, Ainciart N, Steward MW, Sciutto E, Fossati CA, Goldbaum FA. Engineering of a polymeric bacterial protein as a scaffold for the multiple display of peptides. Proteins 2004; 57:820-8. [PMID: 15390265 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Protein assemblies with a high degree of repetitiveness and organization are known to induce strong immune responses. For that reason they have been postulated for the design of subunit vaccines by means of protein engineering. The enzyme lumazine synthase from Brucella spp. (BLS) is highly immunogenic, presumably owing to its homodecameric arrangement and remarkable thermodynamic stability. Structural analysis has shown that it is possible to insert foreign peptides at the ten amino terminus of BLS without disrupting its general folding. These peptides would be displayed to the immune system in a highly symmetric three-dimensional array. In the present work, BLS has been used as a protein carrier of foreign peptides. We have established a modular system to produce chimeric proteins decorated with ten copies of a desired peptide as long as 27 residues and have shown that their folding and stability is similar to that of the wild-type protein. The knowledge about the mechanisms of dissociation and unfolding of BLS allowed the engineering of polyvalent chimeras displaying different predefined peptides on the same molecular scaffold. Moreover, the reassembly of mixtures of chimeras at different steps of the unfolding process was used to control the stoichiometry and spatial arrangement for the simultaneous display of different peptides on BLS. This strategy would be useful for vaccine development and other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Laplagne
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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