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Hu Y, Jiang C, Zhao Y, Cao H, Ren J, Zeng W, Zhang M, Li Y, He Q, Li W. TurboID screening of ApxI toxin interactants identifies host proteins involved in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-induced apoptosis of immortalized porcine alveolar macrophages. Vet Res 2023; 54:62. [PMID: 37475032 PMCID: PMC10360236 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) is a gram-negative pathogenic bacterium responsible for porcine contagious pleuropneumonia (PCP), which can cause porcine necrotizing and hemorrhagic pleuropneumonia. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-RTX-toxin (Apx) is an APP virulence factor. APP secretes a total of four Apx toxins, among which, ApxI demonstrates strong hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity, causing lysis of porcine erythrocytes and apoptosis of porcine alveolar macrophages. However, the protein interaction network between this toxin and host cells is still poorly understood. TurboID mediates the biotinylation of endogenous proteins, thereby targeting specific proteins and local proteomes through gene fusion. We applied the TurboID enzyme-catalyzed proximity tagging method to identify and study host proteins in immortalized porcine alveolar macrophage (iPAM) cells that interact with the exotoxin ApxI of APP. His-tagged TurboID-ApxIA and TurboID recombinant proteins were expressed and purified. By mass spectrometry, 318 unique interacting proteins were identified in the TurboID ApxIA-treated group. Among them, only one membrane protein, caveolin-1 (CAV1), was identified. A co-immunoprecipitation assay confirmed that CAV1 can interact with ApxIA. In addition, overexpression and RNA interference experiments revealed that CAV1 was involved in ApxI toxin-induced apoptosis of iPAM cells. This study provided first-hand information about the proteome of iPAM cells interacting with the ApxI toxin of APP through the TurboID proximity labeling system, and identified a new host membrane protein involved in this interaction. These results lay a theoretical foundation for the clinical treatment of PCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaofang Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Changsheng Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yueqiao Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hua Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jingping Ren
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mengjia Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongtao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Qigai He
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China.
| | - Wentao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China.
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Chuekwon K, Chu CY, Cheng LT. N-terminus of flagellin enhances vaccine efficacy against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:279. [PMID: 35842618 PMCID: PMC9288005 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03380-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flagellin elicits potent immune response and may serve as a vaccine adjuvant. We previously reported that the N-terminus of flagellin (residues 1-99, nFliC) is sufficient for vaccine efficacy enhancement against Pasteurella multocida challenge in chickens. In this study, we futher tested the adjuvancy of nFliC in a subunit vaccine against the pig pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in a mice model. For vaccine formulation, the antigen ApxIIPF (the pore-forming region of the exotoxin ApxII) was combined with nFliC, either through genetic fusion or simple admixture. RESULTS Immune analysis showed that nFliC, introduced through genetic fusion or admixture, enhanced both humoral (antibody levels) and cellular (T cell response and cytokine production) immunity. In a challenge test, nFliC increased vaccine protective efficacy to 60-80%, vs. 20% for the antigen-only group. Further analysis showed that, even without a supplemental adjuvant such as mineral salt or oil emulsion, genetically linked nFliC still provided significant immune enhancement. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that nFliC is a versatile and potent adjuvant for vaccine formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamonpun Chuekwon
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Chu
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ting Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
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Dao HT, Truong QL, Do VT, Hahn TW. Construction and immunization with double mutant Δ apxIBD Δ pnp forms of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1 and 5. J Vet Sci 2020; 21:e20. [PMID: 32233129 PMCID: PMC7113565 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) causes a form of porcine pleuropneumonia that leads to significant economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. The apxIBD gene is responsible for the secretion of the ApxI and ApxII toxins and the pnp gene is responsible for the adaptation of bacteria to cold temperature and a virulence factor. The apxIBD and pnp genes were deleted successfully from APP serotype 1 and 5 by transconjugation and sucrose counter-selection. The APP1ΔapxIBDΔpnp and APP5ΔapxIBDΔpnp mutants lost hemolytic activity and could not secrete ApxI and ApxII toxins outside the bacteria because both mutants lost the ApxI- and ApxII-secreting proteins by deletion of the apxIBD gene. Besides, the growth of these mutants was defective at low temperatures resulting from the deletion of pnp. The APP1ΔapxIBDΔpnp and APP5ΔapxIBDΔpnp mutants were significantly attenuated compared with wild-type ones. However, mice vaccinated intraperitoneally with APP5ΔapxIBDΔpnp did not provide any protection when challenged with a 10-times 50% lethal dose of virulent homologous (APP5) and heterologous (APP1) bacterial strains, while mice vaccinated with APP1ΔapxIBDΔpnp offered 75% protection against a homologous challenge. The ΔapxIBDΔpnp mutants were significantly attenuated and gave different protection rate against homologous virulent wild-type APP challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoai Thu Dao
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Quang Lam Truong
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Van Tan Do
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Tae Wook Hahn
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
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Xiao J, Liu J, Bao C, Zhu R, Gu J, Sun C, Feng X, Du C, Han W, Li Y, Lei L. Recombinant tandem epitope vaccination provides cross protection against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae challenge in mice. AMB Express 2020; 10:123. [PMID: 32642871 PMCID: PMC7341470 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (A. pleuropneumoniae/APP) is the pathogen that causes porcine contagious pleuropneumonia. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is divided into 18 serovars, and the cross protection efficacy of epitopes is debatable, which has resulted in the slow development of a vaccine. Consequently, epitope-based vaccines conferring Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae cross protection have rarely been reported. In this study, B cell epitopes in the head domain of trimeric autotransporter adhesin were predicted, and 6 epitopes were selected. Then, the predicted epitopes (Ba1, Bb5, C1, PH1 and PH2) were connected by linkers to construct a recombinant tandem antigen (rta) gene. The RTA protein encoded by the recombinant rta gene was expressed, and finally the ICR mice were immunized with the RTA protein with or without inactivated Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (serovars 1 and 5b) and challenged with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae to evaluate the protective effect of the epitope-based vaccine and combined vaccine. The mice in the RTA-immunized group and RTA plus inactivated Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae vaccine group had a significant improvement in clinical symptoms and a higher level of antibody in the serum than those in the control group. The RTA immune group had a 40% survival rate after Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection, whereas the combination of RTA and inactivated Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae produced very strong cross immune protection in mice, at least 50% (RTA IB1 + C5) and at most 100% (RTA IB5 + C1), whereas no cross immunoprotection was found in the solo Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae immune group. Overall, the combination of the RTA protein and inactivated bacteria significantly enhanced the cross protection effects. This implies that RTA protein in combination with a suitable inactivated Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strain could be a candidate vaccine for porcine contagious pleuropneumonia.
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Park BS, Lee N. A bivalent fusion vaccine composed of recombinant Apx proteins shows strong protection against Actinobacillus pleuroneumoniae serovar 1 and 2 in a mouse model. Pathog Dis 2020; 77:5426212. [PMID: 30939190 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftz020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia (APP) causes porcine pleuropneumoniae, resulting in severe economic losses in the swine industry. Since there are diverse serotypes of APP, it is necessary for vaccines to induce cross-protection. In this report, we developed a bivalent fusion vaccine, the L vaccine composed of ApxIA and ApxIIA fragments. According to the experimental results of the L vaccine, recombinant protein specific-IgG antibody level increased significantly as well as Apx toxin specific-IgG antibody, suggesting toxin-neutralizing effect. Also, the production of both IgG1 and IgG2a indicates this fusion vaccine induces Th1 and Th2 immune reactions. In addition, lymphocytes were proliferated and immune related-cytokines of TNF-α, IL-12, IFN-γ and IL-5 were detected in the serum after the vaccination. The L vaccine showed a perfect cross-protection against APP serovar 1 and 2 that each secrete different Apx exotoxins. These findings reveal that the fusion L vaccine induces specific humoral and cellular immunity, leading to a perfect cross-protection against A. pleuropneumoniae infections in a murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Sun Park
- Technology Institute, KBNP, Inc., Anyang, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Nakhyung Lee
- Technology Institute, KBNP, Inc., Anyang, Gyeonggi, South Korea
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Kim S, Oh MW, Bin Park W, Yoo HS. Global Gene Networks in 3D4/31 Porcine Alveolar Macrophages Treated with Antigenic Epitopes of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ApxIA, IIA, and IVA. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5269. [PMID: 30918280 PMCID: PMC6437162 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41748-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App) is the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia. Although App produces several virulence factors, Apx toxins, the primary App virulence factors, have been the focus of numerous studies. However, the host response against the Apx toxins has not been elucidated at the transcriptomic level. Therefore, in this study, we examined the response of an immortalized porcine alveolar macrophage cell line (IPAM 3D4/31) to four antigenic epitopes of the App exotoxins, ApxIA, IIA and IVA. The antigenic epitopes of the Apx toxins (ApxIA Ct, ApxIIA Nt, ApxIVA C1 and ApxIV C2) were determined by an in-silico antigenicity prediction analysis. Gene expression in IPAMs was analyzed by RNA-Seq after treatment with the four proteins for 24 h. A total of 15,269 DEGs were observed to be associated with cellular and metabolic processes in the GO category Biological Process and nuclear receptors and apoptosis signaling in IPA analyses. These DEGs were also related to M2 macrophage polarization and apoptosis in IPAMs. These host transcriptional analyses present novel global gene networks of the host response to treatment with Apx toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suji Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Whan Oh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Bin Park
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sang Yoo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Passmore IJ, Andrejeva A, Wren BW, Cuccui J. Cytoplasmic glycoengineering of Apx toxin fragments in the development of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae glycoconjugate vaccines. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:6. [PMID: 30606265 PMCID: PMC6318927 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1751-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia and represents a major burden to the livestock industry. Virulence can largely be attributed to the secretion of a series of haemolytic toxins, which are highly immunogenic. A. pleuropneumoniae also encodes a cytoplasmic N-glycosylation system, which involves the modification of high molecular weight adhesins with glucose residues. Central to this process is the soluble N-glycosyl transferase, ngt, which is encoded in an operon with a subsequent glycosyl transferase, agt. Plasmid-borne recombinant expression of these genes in E. coli results in the production of a glucose polymer on peptides containing the appropriate acceptor sequon, NX(S/T). However to date, there is little evidence to suggest that such a glucose polymer is formed on its target peptides in A. pleuropneumoniae. Both the toxins and glycosylation system represent potential targets for the basis of a vaccine against A. pleuropneumoniae infection. RESULTS In this study, we developed cytoplasmic glycoengineering to construct glycoconjugate vaccine candidates composed of soluble toxin fragments modified by glucose. We transferred ngt and agt to the chromosome of Escherichia coli in order to generate a native-like operon for glycoengineering. A single chromosomal copy of ngt and agt resulted in the glucosylation of toxin fragments by a short glycan, rather than a polymer. CONCLUSIONS A vaccine candidate that combines toxin fragment with a conserved glycan offers a novel approach to generating epitopes important for both colonisation and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J Passmore
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Anna Andrejeva
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Brendan W Wren
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Jon Cuccui
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
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8
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dos Santos LF, Costa Polveiro R, Scatamburlo Moreira T, Pereira Vidigal PM, Chang YF, Scatamburlo Moreira MA. Polymorphism analysis of the apxIA gene of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 5 isolated in swine herds from Brazil. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208789. [PMID: 30562362 PMCID: PMC6298653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterium Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the etiological agent of Contagious Porcine Pleuropneumonia, a disease responsible for economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. A. pleuropneumoniae is capable of producing proteinaceous exotoxins responsible for inducing hemorrhagic lesions, one of which is ApxI. Few studies have conducted an in-depth evaluation of polymorphisms of the nucleotides that make up the ApxI toxin gene. Here we analyze the polymorphisms of the apxIA gene region of A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 5 isolated from swine in different regions in Brazil and report the results of molecular sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Analysis of the apxIA gene in 60 isolates revealed the presence of genetic diversity and variability. The polymorphisms in the nucleotide sequences determined the grouping of the Brazilian sequences and five more sequences from the GenBank database into 14 different haplotypes, which formed three main groups and revealed the presence of mutations in the nucleotide sequences. The estimation of selection pressures suggests the occurrence of genetic variations by positive selective pressure on A. pleuropneumoniae in large groups of animals in relatively small spaces. These conditions presumably favor the horizontal dissemination of apxIA gene mutations within bacterial populations with host reservoirs. As a result, the same serovar can demonstrate different antigenic capacities due to mutations in the apxIA gene. These alterations in sequences of the apxIA gene could occur in other areas of countries with intense swine production, which could lead to differences in the pathogenicity and immunogenicity of each serovar and have implications for the clinical status or diagnosis of A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Fernando dos Santos
- Laboratory of Bacterial Diseases, Sector of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Microbiologia Veterinária Especial LTDA (Microvet), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Richard Costa Polveiro
- Laboratory of Bacterial Diseases, Sector of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thalita Scatamburlo Moreira
- Laboratory of Bacterial Diseases, Sector of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pedro Marcus Pereira Vidigal
- Núcleo de Análise de Biomoléculas (NuBioMol), Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Maria Aparecida Scatamburlo Moreira
- Laboratory of Bacterial Diseases, Sector of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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To H, Nagai S, Iwata A, Koyama T, Oshima A, Tsutsumi N. Genetic and antigenic characteristics of ApxIIA and ApxIIIA from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovars 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 15. Microbiol Immunol 2017; 60:447-58. [PMID: 27211905 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Apx toxins produced by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae are essential components of new generation vaccines. In this study, apxIIA and apxIIIA genes of serovars 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 15 were cloned and sequenced. Amino acid sequences of ApxIIA proteins of serovars 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 15 were almost identical to those of serovars 1, 5, 7, 9 and 11-13. Immunoblot analysis showed that rApxIIA from serovars 2 and 15 reacts strongly with sera from animals infected with various serovars. Sequence analysis revealed that ApxIIIA proteins has two variants, one in strains of serovar 2 and the other in strains of serovars 3, 4, 6, 8 and 15. A mouse cross-protection study showed that mice actively immunized with rApxIIIA/2 or rApxIIIA/15 are protected against challenge with A. pleuropneumoniae strains of serovars 3, 4, 6, 8, 15, and 2 expressing ApxIII/15 and ApxIII/2, respectively. Similarly, mice passively immunized with rabbit anti-rApxIIIA/2 or anti-rApxIIIA/15 sera were found to be protected against challenge with strains of serovars 2 and 15. Our study revealed antigenic and sequence similarities within ApxIIA and ApxIIIA proteins, which may help in the development of effective vaccines against disease caused by A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho To
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Shinya Nagai
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Akira Iwata
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Koyama
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Atsushi Oshima
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tsutsumi
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
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10
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Bager RJ, Kudirkiene E, da Piedade I, Seemann T, Nielsen TK, Pors SE, Mattsson AH, Boyce JD, Adler B, Bojesen AM. In silico prediction of Gallibacterium anatis pan-immunogens. Vet Res 2014; 45:80. [PMID: 25223320 PMCID: PMC4423631 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-014-0080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterium Gallibacterium anatis is a major cause of salpingitis and peritonitis in commercial egg-layers, leading to reduced egg production and increased mortality. Unfortunately, widespread multidrug resistance and antigenic diversity makes it difficult to control infections and novel prevention strategies are urgently needed. In this study, a pan-genomic reverse vaccinology (RV) approach was used to identify potential vaccine candidates. Firstly, the genomes of 10 selected Gallibacterium strains were analyzed and proteins selected on the following criteria; predicted surface-exposure or secretion, none or one transmembrane helix (TMH), and presence in six or more of the 10 genomes. In total, 42 proteins were selected. The genes encoding 27 of these proteins were successfully cloned in Escherichia coli and the proteins expressed and purified. To reduce the number of vaccine candidates for in vivo testing, each of the purified recombinant proteins was screened by ELISA for their ability to elicit a significant serological response with serum from chickens that had been infected with G. anatis. Additionally, an in silico prediction of the protective potential was carried out based on a protein property prediction method. Of the 27 proteins, two novel putative immunogens were identified; Gab_1309 and Gab_2312. Moreover, three previously characterized virulence factors; GtxA, FlfA and Gab_2156, were identified. Thus, by combining the pan-genomic RV approach with subsequent in vitro and in silico screening, we have narrowed down the pan-proteome of G. anatis to five vaccine candidates. Importantly, preliminary immunization trials indicated an in vivo protective potential of GtxA-N, FlfA and Gab_1309.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragnhild J Bager
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Egle Kudirkiene
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Isabelle da Piedade
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Torsten Seemann
- Victorian Bioinformatics Consortium, Monash University, 3800, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Tine K Nielsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Susanne E Pors
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Andreas H Mattsson
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark. .,Evaxion Biotech North America LLC, Wilmington, USA.
| | - John D Boyce
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, 3800, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Ben Adler
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Structural and Functional Microbial Genomics, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, 3800, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Anders M Bojesen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Draft Genome Sequence of the Virulent Avibacterium paragallinarum Serotype A Strain JF4211 and Identification of Two Toxins. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2013; 1:1/4/e00592-13. [PMID: 23950117 PMCID: PMC3744673 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00592-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Avibacterium paragallinarum is an important pathogen of chicken livestock causing infectious coryza. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of the virulent A. paragallinarum serotype A strain JF4211 (2.8 Mbp and G+C content of 41%) and the two toxin operons discovered from the annotation of the genome.
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Liu Q, Gong Y, Cao Y, Wen X, Huang X, Yan Q, Huang Y, Cao S. Construction and immunogenicity of a ∆apxIC/ompP2 mutant of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Haemophilus parasuis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 80:519. [DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v80i1.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The apxIC genes of the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 5 (SC-1), encoding the ApxIactivating proteins, was deleted by a method involving sucrose counter-selection. In this study, a mutant strain of A. pleuropneumoniae (SC-1) was constructed and named DapxIC/ ompP2. The mutant strain contained foreign DNA in the deletion site of ompP2 gene of Haemophilus parasuis. It showed no haemolytic activity and lower virulence of cytotoxicity in mice compared with the parent strain, and its safety and immunogenicity were also evaluated in mice. The LD50 data shown that the mutant strain was attenuated 30-fold, compared with the parent strain (LD50 of the mutant strain and parent strain in mice were determined to be 1.0 × 107 CFU and 3.5 × 105 CFU respectively). The mutant strain that was attenuated could secrete inactivated ApxIA RTX toxins with complete antigenicity and could be used as a candidate live vaccine strain against infections of A. pleuropneumoniae and H. parasuis.
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Opriessnig T, Hemann M, Johnson JK, Heinen S, Giménez-Lirola LG, O'Neill KC, Hoang H, Yoon KJ, Gottschalk M, Halbur PG. Evaluation of diagnostic assays for the serological detection of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae on samples of known or unknown exposure. J Vet Diagn Invest 2013; 25:61-71. [PMID: 23293160 DOI: 10.1177/1040638712469607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate diagnosis of exposure to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is important for maintaining negative farms. In the present study, the ability of a dual-plate complement fixation (CF) assay and 3 commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs; quad-plate ELISA-1, single-plate ELISA-2, and single-plate ELISA-3) in detecting serological evidence of A. pleuropneumoniae exposure was compared using serum samples of experimentally infected or vaccinated pigs, or field samples from the United States. Forty-two pigs were divided into groups of 2 pigs and were inoculated with 1 of 15 A. pleuropneumoniae strains representing all known serovars of A. pleuropneumoniae, or with Actinobacillus suis, or were vaccinated with a bacterin containing A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 1, 3, 5, or 7. Serum samples collected at the day of inoculation or vaccination and 7, 14, 21, and 28 days later were used to compare the assays. On samples from experimentally infected pigs, the dual-plate CF assay, quad-plate ELISA-1, single-plate ELISA-2, and single-plate ELISA-3 had sensitivities of 0.46, 0.74, 0.13, and 0.13 and specificities of 0.90, 1.0, 1.0, and 1.0, respectively. Vaccinated pigs were identified only by the dual-plate CF assay and the quad-plate ELISA-1. In addition, 90 serum samples with unknown A. pleuropneumoniae exposure collected under field conditions were tested with all assays. The agreement of the 4 assays on field samples was slight to fair. While several assays are available for demonstration of A. pleuropneumoniae exposure, differences in assay targets complicate test choices. Decisions on which assay or combination of assays to use depend on the specific reasons for running the assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Opriessnig
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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Seo KW, Kim SH, Park J, Son Y, Yoo HS, Lee KY, Jang YS. Nasal immunization with major epitope-containing ApxIIA toxin fragment induces protective immunity against challenge infection with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in a murine model. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pan YC, Tan DH, Shien JH, Liu CC, He YS, Shen PC, Chang PC. Identification and Characterization of an RTX Toxin–Like Gene and Its Operon from Avibacterium paragallinarum. Avian Dis 2012; 56:537-44. [DOI: 10.1637/10047-122211-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Sadilkova L, Nepereny J, Vrzal V, Sebo P, Osicka R. Type IV fimbrial subunit protein ApfA contributes to protection against porcine pleuropneumonia. Vet Res 2012; 43:2. [PMID: 22240397 PMCID: PMC3276438 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-43-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine pleuropneumonia caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae accounts for serious economic losses in the pig farming industry worldwide. We examined here the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the recombinant type IV fimbrial subunit protein ApfA as a single antigen vaccine against pleuropneumonia, or as a component of a multi-antigen preparation comprising five other recombinant antigens derived from key virulence factors of A. pleuropneumoniae (ApxIA, ApxIIA, ApxIIIA, ApxIVA and TbpB). Immunization of pigs with recombinant ApfA alone induced high levels of specific serum antibodies and provided partial protection against challenge with the heterologous A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 9 strain. This protection was higher than that engendered by vaccination with rApxIVA or rTbpB alone and similar to that observed after immunization with the tri-antigen combination of rApxIA, rApxIIA and rApxIIIA. In addition, rApfA improved the vaccination potential of the penta-antigen mixture of rApxIA, rApxIIA, rApxIIIA, rApxIVA and rTbpB proteins, where the hexa-antigen vaccine containing rApfA conferred a high level of protection on pigs against the disease. Moreover, when rApfA was used for vaccination alone or in combination with other antigens, such immunization reduced the number of pigs colonized with the challenge strain. These results indicate that ApfA could be a valuable component of an efficient subunit vaccine for the prevention of porcine pleuropneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Sadilkova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v,v,i,, Videnska 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Functional pentameric formation via coexpression of the Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit and its fusion protein subunit with a neutralizing epitope of ApxIIA exotoxin improves the mucosal immunogenicity and protection against challenge by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2011; 18:2168-77. [PMID: 22030372 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.05230-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A coexpression strategy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using episomal and integrative vectors for the Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) and a fusion protein of an ApxIIA toxin epitope produced by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae coupled to LTB, respectively, was adapted for the hetero-oligomerization of LTB and the LTB fusion construct. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with GM1 ganglioside indicated that the LTB fusion construct, along with LTB, was oligomerized to make the functional heteropentameric form, which can bind to receptors on the mucosal epithelium. The antigen-specific antibody titer of mice orally administered antigen was increased when using recombinant yeast coexpressing the pentameric form instead of recombinant yeast expressing either the LTB fusion form or antigen alone. Better protection against challenge infection with A. pleuropneumoniae was also observed for coexpression in recombinant yeast compared with others. The present study clearly indicated that the coexpression strategy enabled the LTB fusion construct to participate in the pentameric formation, resulting in an improved induction of systemic and mucosal immune responses.
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Zou HY, Liu XJ, Ma FY, Chen P, Zhou R, He QG. Attenuated Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae as a bacterial vector for expression of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae P36 gene. J Gene Med 2011; 13:221-9. [PMID: 21432947 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae are causative agents of porcine pneumonia. Over the last few years, attenuated A. pleuropneumoniae live vaccines have been shown to provide protection against A. pleuropneumoniae infection. We postulated that attenuated A. pleuropneumoniae could additionally be used as a vaccine vector for protection against M. hyopneumoniae. METHODS A mutant strain of A. pleuropneumoniae, SLW36, was constructed by replacing the urease structural gene of mutant strain SLW03 of A. pleuropneumoniae with the L-lactate dehydrogenase gene (p36) of M. hyopneumoniae by transconjugation and counter selection. The urease function and the growth kinetics of SLW36 were measured. Protein expression of P36 was analyzed by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blotting. The attenuated virulence and immunity of SLW36 were analyzed in a mouse model. RESULTS The mutant strain SLW36 was urease negative and four-fold less virulent than the parental strain SLW03. There were no differences in expression levels of p36 at different culture time-points and the foreign gene was stable after in vitro passage. Immunoglobulin G responses against p36 antigen and M. hyopneumoniae whole-cell antigen were detected. CONCLUSIONS The mutant strain SLW36 can induce antibody against p36 and M. hyopneumoniae. The mutant strain SLW36 has the potential to be used as a live vaccine for protection against A. pleuropneumoniae and M. hyopneumoniae. Studies in pigs are needed to confirm protective levels of antibodies and to check for rare side-effects of the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yong Zou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Zhang W, Shao J, Liu G, Tang F, Lu Y, Zhai Z, Wang Y, Wu Z, Yao H, Lu C. Immunoproteomic analysis of bacterial proteins of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1. Proteome Sci 2011; 9:32. [PMID: 21703014 PMCID: PMC3148531 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-9-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2010] [Accepted: 06/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) is one of the most important swine pathogens worldwide. Identification and characterization of novel antigenic APP vaccine candidates are underway. In the present study, we use an immunoproteomic approach to identify APP protein antigens that may elicit an immune response in serotype 1 naturally infected swine and serotype 1 virulent strain S259-immunized rabbits. Results Proteins from total cell lysates of serotype 1 APP were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE). Western blot analysis revealed 21 immunoreactive protein spots separated in the pH 4-7 range and 4 spots in the pH 7-11 range with the convalescent sera from swine; we found 5 immunoreactive protein spots that separated in the pH 4-7 range and 2 in the pH 7-11 range with hyperimmune sera from S259-immunized rabbits. The proteins included the known antigens ApxIIA, protective surface antigen D15, outer membrane proteins P5, subunit NqrA. The remaining antigens are being reported as immunoreactive proteins in APP for the first time, to our knowledge. Conclusions We identified a total of 42 immunoreactive proteins of the APP serotype 1 virulent strain S259 which represented 32 different proteins, including some novel immunoreactive factors which could be researched as vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostic & Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jing Shao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostic & Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guangjin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostic & Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostic & Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostic & Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostic & Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostic & Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zongfu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostic & Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huochun Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostic & Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chengping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostic & Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Seo KW, Kim DH, Kim AH, Yoo HS, Lee KY, Jang YS. Characterization of Antigenic Determinants in ApxIIA Exotoxin Capable of Inducing Protective Immunity toActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeChallenge. Immunol Invest 2011; 40:465-80. [DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2011.558151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Theunissen S, De Smet L, Dansercoer A, Motte B, Coenye T, Van Beeumen JJ, Devreese B, Savvides SN, Vergauwen B. The 285 kDa Bap/RTX hybrid cell surface protein (SO4317) of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 is a key mediator of biofilm formation. Res Microbiol 2010; 161:144-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2009.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of ApxIA and ApxIIA DNA vaccine against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae lethal challenge in murine model. Vaccine 2009; 27:4565-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2009] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Shin SJ, Shin SW, Kang ML, Lee DY, Yang MS, Jang YS, Yoo HS. Enhancement of protective immune responses by oral vaccination with Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing recombinant Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ApxIA or ApxIIA in mice. J Vet Sci 2008; 8:383-92. [PMID: 17993753 PMCID: PMC2868155 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2007.8.4.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously induced protective immune response by oral immunization with yeast expressing the ApxIIA antigen. The ApxI antigen is also an important factor in the protection against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 infection; therefore, the protective immunity in mice following oral immunization with Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing either ApxIA (group C) or ApxIIA (group D) alone or both (group E) was compared with that in two control groups (group A and B). The immunogenicity of the rApxIA antigen derived from the yeast was confirmed by a high survival rate and an ApxIA-specific IgG antibody response (p < 0.01). The highest systemic (IgG) and local (IgA) humoral immune responses to ApxIA and ApxIIA were detected in group E after the third immunization (p < 0.05). The levels of IL-1beta and IL-6 after challenge with an A. pleuropneumoniae field isolate did not change significantly in the vaccinated groups. The level of TNF-alpha increased in a time-dependent manner in group E but was not significantly different after the challenge. After the challenge, the mice in group E had a significantly lower infectious burden and a higher level of protection than the mice in the other groups (p < 0.05). The survival rate in each group was closely correlated to the immune response and histopathological observations in the lung following the challenge. These results suggested that immunity to the ApxIA antigen is required for optimal protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, BK21 for Veterinary Science and KRF Zoonotic Disease Priority Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaevaccines: from bacterins to new insights into vaccination strategies. Anim Health Res Rev 2008; 9:25-45. [DOI: 10.1017/s1466252307001338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWith the growing emergence of antibiotic resistance and rising consumer demands concerning food safety, vaccination to prevent bacterial infections is of increasing relevance.Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeis the etiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, a respiratory disease leading to severe economic losses in the swine industry. Despite all the research and trials that were performed withA. pleuropneumoniaevaccination in the past, a safe vaccine that offers complete protection against all serotypes has yet not reached the market. However, recent advances made in the identification of new potential vaccine candidates and in the targeting of specific immune responses, give encouraging vaccination perspectives. Here, we review past and current knowledge onA. pleuropneumoniaevaccines as well as the newly available genomic tools and vaccination strategies that could be useful in the design of an efficient vaccine againstA. pleuropneumoniaeinfection.
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Lee KY, Kim DH, Kang TJ, Kim J, Chung GH, Yoo HS, Arntzen CJ, Yang MS, Jang YS. Induction of protective immune responses against the challenge of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae by the oral administration of transgenic tobacco plant expressing ApxIIA toxin from the bacteria. FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2006; 48:381-9. [PMID: 17054716 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2006.00158.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia. Among the virulence factors, ApxIIA, a bacterial exotoxin, is reportedly expressed in many serotypes and is considered as a candidate for the development of a vaccine against the bacterial infection. Previously, we isolated a field strain of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 in Korea and characterized its exotoxins to develop an oral vaccine. In this study, we initially confirmed the immunogenicity of ApxIIA expressed in Escherichia coli. We then developed transgenic tobacco expressing ApxIIA and tested its efficacy to induce a protective immune response against A. pleuropneumoniae infection after oral administration of the plant powder. We observed that protective immune responses were induced in mice after oral administration of the plant powder once a week for 4 weeks. Immunoassays revealed that the levels of antigen-specific immunoglobulin G against ApxIIA increased in mice that were fed a powder made from the transgenic plant, but not in mice fed a powder made from wild-type tobacco. Additionally, mice fed the transgenic plant powder were protected from an injection of a lethal dose of A. pleuropneumoniae. These results support that the transgenic plant may be a suitable candidate for an oral vaccine that could be used effectively against A. pleuropneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Yeol Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Chonju, Korea
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Xu F, Chen X, Shi A, Yang B, Wang J, Li Y, Guo X, Blackall PJ, Yang H. Characterization and immunogenicity of an apxIA mutant of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Vet Microbiol 2006; 118:230-9. [PMID: 16930871 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2006] [Revised: 07/09/2006] [Accepted: 07/13/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the aetiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, a highly contagious and often fatal disease. A candidate live vaccine strain, potentially capable of cross-serovar protection, was constructed by deleting the section of the apxIA gene coding for the C-terminal segment of ApxI toxin of the A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 10 reference strain (D13039) and inserting a chloramphenicol resistance gene cassette. The mutant strain (termed D13039A(-)Chl(r)) produced an approximately 48kDa protein corresponding to the N-terminus of the ApxI toxin, and exhibited no haemolytic activity and lower virulence in mice compared with the parental strain. The mutant was evaluated in a vaccination-challenge trial in which pigs were given two intra-nasal doses of the mutant at 14 days intervals and then challenged 14 days after the last vaccination with either A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 1 (4074) or serovar 2 (S1536) or serovar 10 (D13039) reference strains. The haemolysin neutralisation titres of the pre-challenge sera were significantly higher in the vaccinated pigs than in the unvaccinated pigs. The mortalities, clinical signs and lung lesion scores in the vaccinated pigs were significantly lower than those in the unvaccinated pigs for the serovar 1 challenge. A significantly lower lung lesion score was also observed in the vaccinated pigs, compared with unvaccinated pigs, for serovar 2 challenge. Our work suggests that the mutant strain offers potential as a live attenuated pleuropneumonia vaccine that can provide cross-serovar protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhou Xu
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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Whitby PW, VanWagoner TM, Taylor AA, Seale TW, Morton DJ, LiPuma JJ, Stull TL. Identification of an RTX determinant of Burkholderia cenocepacia J2315 by subtractive hybridization. J Med Microbiol 2006; 55:11-21. [PMID: 16388025 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.46138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study utilized suppressive subtractive hybridization between the clinical isolate Burkholderia cenocepacia J2315 and the closely related environmental isolate Burkholderia cepacia ATCC 25416T to isolate DNA fragments specific to B. cenocepacia J2315. Analysis of the resulting pools of B. cenocepacia-specific DNAs identified several fragments that may be part of putative virulence factors. Further in silico analysis of a single fragment indicated that it was internal to a gene of which the predicted product had characteristics of repeat in toxin (RTX)-like proteins and high similarity to proteins in other human or plant pathogens. In conjunction with this finding, phenotypic traits associated with known RTX proteins were assessed. A haemagglutinating activity of B. cenocepacia J2315 was identified that was absent in B. cepacia ATCC 25416T. The expression of this activity appeared to be growth phase-dependent. Analysis of the gene presence and haemagglutinating activity across the species of the B. cepacia complex showed that both were common to the ET12 lineage of B. cenocepacia, but were absent in the other species examined. Haemagglutinating activity was limited to isolates with the RTX-like gene. Expression studies utilizing quantitative PCR demonstrated an association between onset of haemagglutinating activity and increased expression of the gene, which suggests that the putative RTX determinant encodes a haemagglutinating activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - John J LiPuma
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Expression of the Apx toxins ofActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae inSaccharomyces cerevisiae and its induction of immune response in mice. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02931856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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29
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Bei W, He Q, Yan L, Fang L, Tan Y, Xiao S, Zhou R, Jin M, Guo A, Lv J, Huang H, Chen H. Construction and characterization of a live, attenuated apxIICA inactivation mutant ofActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaelacking a drug resistance marker. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2005; 243:21-7. [PMID: 15667996 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsle.2004.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2004] [Revised: 11/01/2004] [Accepted: 11/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The apxIIC gene of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 7 was inactivated by homologous recombination using a sucrose counter-selectable marker system, resulting in a mutant strain that had no antibiotic resistance marker and expressed an inactivated ApxII toxin. The safety and immunogenicity of the mutant were evaluated in mice. The mutant strain caused no adverse effects in mice at doses up to 2 x 10(9) CFU via the intraperitoneal route while the parental strain induced total mortality at a dose of 2 x 10(7) CFU. Mice vaccinated intraperitoneally with the mutant strain had 100% and 70% protection against homologous (serotype 7) or heterologous (serotype 1, 3) challenge with A. pleuropneumoniae, respectively. The A. pleuropneumoniae mutant strain HB04C- and the counterselection method used in the study show promise in developing effective live vaccines for porcine pleuropneumonia and for other infections diseases of the respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Bei
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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Seah JN, Kwang J. Localization of linear cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic epitopes in RTX toxin ApxIII of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Vaccine 2004; 22:1494-7. [PMID: 15063574 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2003.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2003] [Accepted: 10/14/2003] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RTX toxin ApxIII secreted by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae affects porcine pulmonary alveolar macrophages and neutrophils. The distribution of ApxIII linear cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic determinants was characterized by neutrophil protection assay, DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activity using antisera produced against its N-terminus, hydrophobic domain, activation domain, calcium-binding domain and C-terminal half. Neutralization of ApxIII cytotoxicity and pro-apoptotic activities was found in antisera raised against its N- and C-termini whereas ApxIII activation domain-specific antiserum expressed cytotoxic-neutralizing activity. No neutralizing activities were detected in antisera against other structural domains of ApxIII suggesting that the putative linear cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic determinants of ApxIII were mapped to its terminal domains and activation domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Seah
- Animal Health Biotechnology, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, The National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
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