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Anticona C, Hansson L, Johansson I, Lif Holgerson P. Exploring the Possible Impact of Oral Nutritional Supplements on Children's Oral Health: An In Vitro Investigation. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:78. [PMID: 38534302 DOI: 10.3390/dj12030078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Eight pediatric oral nutritional supplements (ONSs) and 0.5% fat bovine milk were examined in vitro regarding their effect on the adhesion of three caries-related bacteria, Streptococcus mutans (strain CCUG 11877T), Lactobacillus gasseri (strain CCUG 31451), and Scardovia wiggsiae (strain CCUG 58090), to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite, as well as their pH and capacity to withstand pH changes. Bacteria were cultivated and radiolabeled. The adhesion assays used synthetic hydroxyapatite coated with whole or parotid saliva. Measurements of pH and titration of the products with HCl and NaOH were conducted in triplicate. Three ONSs promoted the S. mutans adhesion to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (increase from 35% to >200%), supporting caries risk enhancement. S. wigssiae and L. gasseri adhered only to one and no ONS, respectively. Most supplements had limited buffering capacity to counteract acidification changes, suggesting their low capacity to neutralize acids, and one ONS showed a significant capacity to counteract basic changes, suggesting a high erosive potential. S. mutans adhesion was influenced by the ONS pH and volume NaOH added to reach pH 10. L. gasseri and S. wiggsiae adhesion was influenced by the ONSs' carbohydrate and fat content. Interdisciplinary efforts are needed to increase awareness and prevent the possible negative impact of ONSs on children's oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Anticona
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lena Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ingegerd Johansson
- Department of Odontology, Section of Cariology, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Lif Holgerson
- Department of Odontology, Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
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2
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Cogulu D, Saglam C. Genetic aspects of dental caries. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.1060177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a common chronic disease affecting humans in all age groups. Various factors can affect the formation of caries including demineralization and remineralization processes with oral flora; dietary and oral hygiene habits; salivary composition, flow rate, pH and buffering capacity; morphological features of the teeth; fluoride exposures, environmental and socioeconomic factors. One of the most important factors causing inter-individual variations in caries susceptibility is the host genetics. Several genes affect individual caries susceptibility. Genes play a role in immune response, development of saliva and tooth enamel. The present review aims to overview the literature focusing on the genetic features of dental caries.
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3
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Kristensen MF, Sørensen ES, Del Rey YC, Schlafer S. Prevention of Initial Bacterial Attachment by Osteopontin and Other Bioactive Milk Proteins. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081922. [PMID: 36009469 PMCID: PMC9405890 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A considerable body of work has studied the involvement of osteopontin (OPN) in human physiology and pathology, but comparably little is known about the interaction of OPN with prokaryotic cells. Recently, bovine milk OPN has been proposed as a therapeutic agent to prevent the build-up of dental biofilms, which are responsible for the development of caries lesions. Bioactive milk proteins are among the most exciting resources for caries control, as they hamper bacterial attachment to teeth without affecting microbial homeostasis in the mouth. The present work investigated the ability of OPN to prevent the adhesion of three dental biofilm-forming bacteria to saliva-coated surfaces under shear-controlled flow conditions in comparison with the major milk proteins α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, αs1-casein, β-casein and κ-casein, as well as crude milk protein. OPN was the most effective single protein to reduce the adhesion of Actinomyces naeslundii, Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei and Streptococcus mitis. β-casein and crude milk protein also had a pronounced effect on all three species, which suggests binding to different microbial surface structures rather than the blocking of a specific bacterial adhesin. Bioactive milk proteins show potential to delay harmful biofilm formation on teeth and hence the onset of biofilm-related oral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Frost Kristensen
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section for Oral Ecology and Caries Control, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Yumi Chokyu Del Rey
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section for Oral Ecology and Caries Control, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Schlafer
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section for Oral Ecology and Caries Control, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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4
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Tonguc Altin K, Topcuoglu N, Duman G, Unsal M, Celik A, Selvi Kuvvetli S, Kasikci E, Sahin F, Kulekci G. Antibacterial effects of saliva substitutes containing lysozyme or lactoferrin against Streptococcus mutans. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 129:105183. [PMID: 34091207 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the antibacterial effects of different saliva-substitutes-containing-lysozyme(LYZ) or-lactoferrin(LF) on Streptococcus mutans(S. mutans) in comparison with human saliva. DESIGN In vitro wound-healing assay was performed with L929 mouse fibroblast cell line by using various concentrations of LYZ and LF to determine optimum concentrations and to confirm do not show any cytotoxicity of proteins according to cell culture studies. Antibacterial effect was assessed by determining Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations for all groups on S.mutans. Bacterial adhesion of S. mutans for 4 h on hydroxyapatite(HAP) discs after application of different saliva substitutes was evaluated. The formulations were:saliva-substitute(Group SS);saliva-substitute-containing-Lactoferrin(Group SSLF);saliva-substitute-containing-Lysozyme(Group SSLYZ). Human saliva was control group(Group HS). RESULTS In vitro wound healing assay results showed that, when added into the cell culture media, LYZ and LF significantly increase 48 -h scratch wound closure compared to the cell culture media(p < 0.0001). At the end of second day, samples treated with both between 2.5-100 μg/mL LF and 5-200 μg/mL LYZ were found to have significant wound healing effect(p < 001). It was observed that saliva-substitutes-containing-LYZ or-LF had antibacterial effects on S.mutans. Bacterial adhesion on HAP discs was observed significantly higher in control group than in study groups. The amount of adhered S. mutans was significantly higher in Group SS than other study groups(p < 0.0001). However, no statistically significant difference was found between the number of bacteria adhered to HAP discs between SSLYZ and SSLF groups(p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The study of cell viability and wound healing was great significance in the optimum concentrations of LYZ and LF. Among formulations, saliva-substitutes-containing-LYZ or-LF exhibited higher inhibitory effect on S.mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubra Tonguc Altin
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Bağdat Caddesi, No: 238, 34728 Göztepe - Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Nursen Topcuoglu
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Microbiology, Turgut Özal Caddesi (Millet Cd.), 34390 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulengul Duman
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 26 Ağustos Kampusu, Kayisdağı Caddesi, 34755 Atasehir - Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melis Unsal
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Bağdat Caddesi, No: 238, 34728 Göztepe - Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Celik
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Bağdat Caddesi, No: 238, 34728 Göztepe - Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Senem Selvi Kuvvetli
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Bağdat Caddesi, No: 238, 34728 Göztepe - Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Kasikci
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, 26 Ağustos Kampusu, Kayisdağı Caddesi, 34755 Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York 10461, USA
| | - Fikrettin Sahin
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, 26 Ağustos Kampusu, Kayisdağı Caddesi, 34755 Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Guven Kulekci
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Microbiology, Turgut Özal Caddesi (Millet Cd.), 34390 Istanbul, Turkey
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5
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Iron in immune cell function and host defense. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 115:27-36. [PMID: 33386235 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The control over iron availability is crucial under homeostatic conditions and even more in the case of an infection. This results from diverse properties of iron: first, iron is an important trace element for the host as well as for the pathogen for various cellular and metabolic processes, second, free iron catalyzes Fenton reaction and is therefore producing reactive oxygen species as a part of the host defense machinery, third, iron exhibits important effects on immune cell function and differentiation and fourth almost every immune activation in turn impacts on iron metabolism and spatio-temporal iron distribution. The central importance of iron in the host and microbe interplay and thus for the course of infections led to diverse strategies to restrict iron for invading pathogens. In this review, we focus on how iron restriction to the pathogen is a powerful innate immune defense mechanism of the host called "nutritional immunity". Important proteins in the iron-host-pathogen interplay will be discussed as well as the influence of iron on the efficacy of innate and adaptive immunity. Recently described processes like ferritinophagy and ferroptosis are further covered in respect to their impact on inflammation and infection control and how they impact on our understanding of the interaction of host and pathogen.
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Obata J, Fujishima K, Nagata E, Oho T. Pathogenic mechanisms of cariogenic Propionibacterium acidifaciens. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 105:46-51. [PMID: 31254840 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dental caries is one of the most common infectious diseases in humans. Older adults retain more teeth than did earlier generations and thus are at high risk of root caries. The root surface is covered by cementum, which facilitates the spread of caries lesions into dentinal tissues. Propionibacterium acidifaciens has been detected in dentinal caries lesions; however, the pathogenetic mechanisms are not known. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pathogenic mechanisms of cariogenic P. acidifaciens. METHODS Saliva-induced aggregation of P. acidifaciens cells and adherence of the organism to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite were examined. Coaggregation of P. acidifaciens with other bacterial cells and binding of the organism to collagen were examined. Effect of Streptococcus mutans on the biofilm formation by P. acidifaciens was also examined. In addition, the effects of acids on the growth of P. acidifaciens were evaluated. RESULTS P. acidifaciens exhibited strong binding to collagen but weak or moderate interaction with salivary proteins. P. acidifaciens showed weak coaggregation with streptococcal strains and Fusobacerium nucleatum. Biofilm formation by P. acidifaciens was inhibited by S. mutans. Moreover, P. acidifaciens tolerated to self-produced acids up to threshold concentrations. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that P. acidifaciens can bind to and survive inside dentinal tissue, and its acid production at low pH condition is involved in the development of dentinal caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Obata
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kei Fujishima
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Emi Nagata
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takahiko Oho
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.
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7
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Velliyagounder K, Bahdila D, Pawar S, Fine DH. Role of lactoferrin and lactoferrin‐derived peptides in oral and maxillofacial diseases. Oral Dis 2018; 25:652-669. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Velliyagounder
- Department of Oral BiologyRutgers School of Dental Medicine Newark New Jersey
| | - D Bahdila
- Department of Oral BiologyRutgers School of Dental Medicine Newark New Jersey
| | - S Pawar
- Department of Oral BiologyRutgers School of Dental Medicine Newark New Jersey
| | - DH Fine
- Department of Oral BiologyRutgers School of Dental Medicine Newark New Jersey
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8
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Wang B, Timilsena YP, Blanch E, Adhikari B. Lactoferrin: Structure, function, denaturation and digestion. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 59:580-596. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1381583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Food Research and Innovation Centre, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yakindra Prasad Timilsena
- Food Research and Innovation Centre, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Materials Science and Engineering, CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, Clayton South, VIC, Australia
| | - Ewan Blanch
- Food Research and Innovation Centre, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Benu Adhikari
- Food Research and Innovation Centre, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Materials Science and Engineering, CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, Clayton South, VIC, Australia
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9
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Rosa L, Cutone A, Lepanto MS, Paesano R, Valenti P. Lactoferrin: A Natural Glycoprotein Involved in Iron and Inflammatory Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:1985. [PMID: 28914813 PMCID: PMC5618634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091985&n948647=v984776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human lactoferrin (hLf), an iron-binding multifunctional cationic glycoprotein secreted by exocrine glands and by neutrophils, is a key element of host defenses. HLf and bovine Lf (bLf), possessing high sequence homology and identical functions, inhibit bacterial growth and biofilm dependently from iron binding ability while, independently, bacterial adhesion to and the entry into cells. In infected/inflamed host cells, bLf exerts an anti-inflammatory activity against interleukin-6 (IL-6), thus up-regulating ferroportin (Fpn) and transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) and down-regulating ferritin (Ftn), pivotal actors of iron and inflammatory homeostasis (IIH). Consequently, bLf inhibits intracellular iron overload, an unsafe condition enhancing in vivo susceptibility to infections, as well as anemia of inflammation (AI), re-establishing IIH. In pregnant women, affected by AI, bLf oral administration decreases IL-6 and increases hematological parameters. This surprising effect is unrelated to iron supplementation by bLf (80 μg instead of 1-2 mg/day), but to its role on IIH. AI is unrelated to the lack of iron, but to iron delocalization: cellular/tissue overload and blood deficiency. BLf cures AI by restoring iron from cells to blood through Fpn up-expression. Indeed, anti-inflammatory activity of oral and intravaginal bLf prevents preterm delivery. Promising bLf treatments can prevent/cure transitory inflammation/anemia/oral pathologies in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Rosa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Antimo Cutone
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Stefania Lepanto
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Rosalba Paesano
- Department of Gynecological-Obstetric and Urological Sciences, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Piera Valenti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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10
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Rosa L, Cutone A, Lepanto MS, Paesano R, Valenti P. Lactoferrin: A Natural Glycoprotein Involved in Iron and Inflammatory Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1985. [PMID: 28914813 PMCID: PMC5618634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human lactoferrin (hLf), an iron-binding multifunctional cationic glycoprotein secreted by exocrine glands and by neutrophils, is a key element of host defenses. HLf and bovine Lf (bLf), possessing high sequence homology and identical functions, inhibit bacterial growth and biofilm dependently from iron binding ability while, independently, bacterial adhesion to and the entry into cells. In infected/inflamed host cells, bLf exerts an anti-inflammatory activity against interleukin-6 (IL-6), thus up-regulating ferroportin (Fpn) and transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) and down-regulating ferritin (Ftn), pivotal actors of iron and inflammatory homeostasis (IIH). Consequently, bLf inhibits intracellular iron overload, an unsafe condition enhancing in vivo susceptibility to infections, as well as anemia of inflammation (AI), re-establishing IIH. In pregnant women, affected by AI, bLf oral administration decreases IL-6 and increases hematological parameters. This surprising effect is unrelated to iron supplementation by bLf (80 μg instead of 1-2 mg/day), but to its role on IIH. AI is unrelated to the lack of iron, but to iron delocalization: cellular/tissue overload and blood deficiency. BLf cures AI by restoring iron from cells to blood through Fpn up-expression. Indeed, anti-inflammatory activity of oral and intravaginal bLf prevents preterm delivery. Promising bLf treatments can prevent/cure transitory inflammation/anemia/oral pathologies in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Rosa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Antimo Cutone
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Stefania Lepanto
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Rosalba Paesano
- Department of Gynecological-Obstetric and Urological Sciences, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Piera Valenti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Pleszczyńska M, Wiater A, Bachanek T, Szczodrak J. Enzymes in therapy of biofilm-related oral diseases. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2016; 64:337-346. [PMID: 26969579 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm-related infections of the oral cavity, including dental caries and periodontitis, represent the most prevalent health problems. For years, the treatment thereof was largely based on antibacterial chemical agents. Recently, however, there has been growing interest in the application of more preventive and minimally invasive biotechnological methods. This review focuses on the potential applications of enzymes in the treatment and prevention of oral diseases. Dental plaque is a microbial community that develops on the tooth surface, embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances of bacterial and host origin. Both cariogenic microorganisms and the key components of oral biofilm matrix may be the targets of the enzymes. Oxidative salivary enzymes inhibit or limit the growth of oral pathogens, thereby supporting the natural host defense system; polysaccharide hydrolases (mutanases and dextranases) degrade important carbohydrate components of the biofilm matrix, whereas proteases disrupt bacterial adhesion to oral surfaces or affect cell-cell interactions. The efficiency of the enzymes in in vitro and in vivo studies, advantages and limitations, as well as future perspectives for improving the enzymatic strategy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrian Wiater
- Department of Industrial Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Teresa Bachanek
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Janusz Szczodrak
- Department of Industrial Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
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12
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de Andrade FB, de Oliveira JC, Yoshie MT, Guimarães BM, Gonçalves RB, Schwarcz WD. Antimicrobial activity and synergism of lactoferrin and lysozyme against cariogenic microorganisms. Braz Dent J 2016; 25:165-9. [PMID: 25140723 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201302257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the antimicrobial in vitro effects of the salivary proteins lactoferrin and lysozyme on microorganisms involved in the carious process, obtaining their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) and Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 7469) were submitted to broth macrodilution of lysozyme at 80 mg/mL and lactoferrin at 200 mg/mL. The tubes were read in a spectrophotometer after they had been incubated at 37 °C for 18 h, in a carbon dioxide chamber, in order to read the MIC. A new subculture was carried on agar plates to obtain the MBC. The agar diffusion method was also tested, using BHI agar with 100 µL of the standardized microbial inocula. Filter-paper disks soaked in 10 µL of the solutions lactoferrin (200 µg/mL) and lysozyme (80 µg/mL) were placed on the agar surface. Inhibition halos were not observed on the plates, showing the absence of the antimicrobial effects of these proteins in this method. The bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects of lysozyme on L. casei were 50.3 mg/mL and 43.1 mg/mL respectively. The bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects on S. mutans were 68.5 mg/mL and 58.7 mg/mL. Lactoferrin did not induce any inhibitory effects on any microorganism, even in the concentration of 200 mg/mL. There was not a synergic antimicrobial effect of proteins, when they were tested together, even in the concentration of 42.8 mg/mL of lysozyme and 114 mg/mL of lactoferrin (the highest values evaluated). S. mutans and L. casei were only inhibited by lysozyme, not affected by lactoferrin and by the synergic use of both proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaviana Bombarda de Andrade
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bruno Martini Guimarães
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Braga Gonçalves
- Biochemistry Department, Biomedical Institute, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Waleska Dias Schwarcz
- Leopoldo de Meis Medical Biochemistry Institute, Structural Biology Program, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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13
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Velusamy SK, Markowitz K, Fine DH, Velliyagounder K. Human lactoferrin protects againstStreptococcus mutans-induced caries in mice. Oral Dis 2016; 22:148-54. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- SK Velusamy
- RUTGERS School of Dental Medicine; Newark NJ USA
| | - K Markowitz
- RUTGERS School of Dental Medicine; Newark NJ USA
| | - DH Fine
- RUTGERS School of Dental Medicine; Newark NJ USA
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14
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Schlafer S, Birkedal H, Olsen J, Skovgaard J, Sutherland DS, Wejse PL, Nyvad B, Meyer RL. Calcium-phosphate-osteopontin particles for caries control. BIOFOULING 2016; 32:349-357. [PMID: 26923119 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2016.1141199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Caries is caused by acid production in biofilms on dental surfaces. Preventing caries therefore involves control of microorganisms and/or the acid produced. Here, calcium-phosphate-osteopontin particles are presented as a new approach to caries control. The particles are made by co-precipitation and designed to bind to bacteria in biofilms, impede biofilm build-up without killing the microflora, and release phosphate ions to buffer bacterial acid production if the pH decreases below 6. Analysis of biofilm formation and pH in a five-species biofilm model for dental caries showed that treatment with particles or pure osteopontin led to less biofilm formation compared to untreated controls or biofilms treated with osteopontin-free particles. The anti-biofilm effect can thus be ascribed to osteopontin. The particles also led to a slower acidification of the biofilm after exposure to glucose, and the pH always remained above 5.5. Hence, calcium-phosphate-osteopontin particles show potential for applications in caries control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schlafer
- a Science and Technology , iNANO Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University , Aarhus C , Denmark
- b Department of Dentistry, Health , Aarhus University , Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Henrik Birkedal
- a Science and Technology , iNANO Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University , Aarhus C , Denmark
- c Department of Chemistry, Science and Technology , Aarhus University , Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Jakob Olsen
- a Science and Technology , iNANO Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University , Aarhus C , Denmark
- c Department of Chemistry, Science and Technology , Aarhus University , Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Jonas Skovgaard
- a Science and Technology , iNANO Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University , Aarhus C , Denmark
- c Department of Chemistry, Science and Technology , Aarhus University , Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Duncan S Sutherland
- a Science and Technology , iNANO Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University , Aarhus C , Denmark
| | | | - Bente Nyvad
- b Department of Dentistry, Health , Aarhus University , Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Rikke L Meyer
- a Science and Technology , iNANO Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University , Aarhus C , Denmark
- e Microbiology, Department of Bioscience, Science and Technology , Aarhus University , Aarhus C , Denmark
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Davoodi SH, Shahbazi R, Esmaeili S, Sohrabvandi S, Mortazavian A, Jazayeri S, Taslimi A. Health-Related Aspects of Milk Proteins. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2016; 15:573-591. [PMID: 27980594 PMCID: PMC5149046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Milk is an important component of a balanced diet and contains numerous valuable constituents. Considerable acclaimed health benefits of milk are related to its proteins, not only for their nutritive value but also for their biological properties. Scientific evidence suggests that anticarcinogenic activities, antihypertensive properties, immune system modulation, and other metabolic features of milk, are affiliated with its proteins (intact proteins or its derivatives). In this article, the main health-related aspects of milk proteins, such as anticarcinogenic, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, anticariogenic, antihypertensive, and hypocholesterolemic effects are reviewed. Collectively, the findings indicate the effectiveness of milk proteins on reduction of risk factors for cancer, cardiovascular diseases and overall improvement of health aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Davoodi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences, Food Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Roghiyeh Shahbazi
- Students٫ Research Committee, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeideh Esmaeili
- Department of Food Technology Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Students Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sara Sohrabvandi
- Department of Food Technology Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Students Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Corresponding author: E-mail: , ,
| | - AmirMohamamd Mortazavian
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Corresponding author: E-mail: , ,
| | - Sahar Jazayeri
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Aghdas Taslimi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Luna-Castro S, Aguilar-Romero F, Samaniego-Barrón L, Godínez-Vargas D, de la Garza M. Effect of bovine apo-lactoferrin on the growth and virulence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Biometals 2014; 27:891-903. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-014-9752-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Caries prevention traditionally has emphasized the restriction of cariogenic foods and beverages, but it has placed less emphasis on how the choice, combination and sequence of consumed foods and beverages may help reduce plaque acidogenicity. The authors conducted a study to examine whether whole milk, 100 percent apple juice or tap water affect dental plaque acidity in people after a sugary challenge. METHODS Twenty adults participated in a randomized controlled crossover study. Participants consumed four combinations of foods: 20 grams of dry sugary Froot Loops (FL) (Kellogg's, Battle Creek, Mich.) cereal, 20 g of FL followed by 50 milliliters of milk (FL/milk), 20 g of FL followed by 50 mL of juice (FL/juice) and 20 g of FL followed by 50 mL of water (FL/water). The authors used a touch microelectrode to take plaque pH readings at the interproximal space just below the contact area between the maxillary premolars on both left and right sides at two and five minutes after FL consumption and at two to 30 minutes after milk, juice or water consumption. RESULTS Consumption of FL plaque pH (standard deviation [SD]) was 5.83 (0.68) at 30 minutes, whereas plaque pH (SD) in the FL/milk group was 6.48 (0.30), which was significantly higher than that for FL/juice (5.83 [0.49]) or FL/water (6.02 [0.41]) (P < .005) at 35 minutes. CONCLUSION Drinking milk after a sugary cereal challenge significantly reduced plaque pH drop due to the sugary challenge. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS When discussing the cariogenicity of foods and beverages with patients, dentists and other health care professionals should emphasize that the order of ingesting sugary and nonsugary foods is important and may affect their oral health.
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Schlafer S, Raarup MK, Wejse PL, Nyvad B, Städler BM, Sutherland DS, Birkedal H, Meyer RL. Osteopontin reduces biofilm formation in a multi-species model of dental biofilm. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41534. [PMID: 22879891 PMCID: PMC3413689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combating dental biofilm formation is the most effective means for the prevention of caries, one of the most widespread human diseases. Among the chemical supplements to mechanical tooth cleaning procedures, non-bactericidal adjuncts that target the mechanisms of bacterial biofilm formation have gained increasing interest in recent years. Milk proteins, such as lactoferrin, have been shown to interfere with bacterial colonization of saliva-coated surfaces. We here study the effect of bovine milk osteopontin (OPN), a highly phosphorylated whey glycoprotein, on a multispecies in vitro model of dental biofilm. While considerable research effort focuses on the interaction of OPN with mammalian cells, there are no data investigating the influence of OPN on bacterial biofilms. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Biofilms consisting of Streptococcus oralis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus downei and Streptococcus sanguinis were grown in a flow cell system that permitted in situ microscopic analysis. Crystal violet staining showed significantly less biofilm formation in the presence of OPN, as compared to biofilms grown without OPN or biofilms grown in the presence of caseinoglycomacropeptide, another phosphorylated milk protein. Confocal microscopy revealed that OPN bound to the surface of bacterial cells and reduced mechanical stability of the biofilms without affecting cell viability. The bacterial composition of the biofilms, determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization, changed considerably in the presence of OPN. In particular, colonization of S. mitis, the best biofilm former in the model, was reduced dramatically. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE OPN strongly reduces the amount of biofilm formed in a well-defined laboratory model of acidogenic dental biofilm. If a similar effect can be observed in vivo, OPN might serve as a valuable adjunct to mechanical tooth cleaning procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schlafer
- The Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- * E-mail: (SS); (RLM)
| | - Merete K. Raarup
- Stereology and Electron Microscopy Research Laboratory and MIND Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Bente Nyvad
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Brigitte M. Städler
- The Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Duncan S. Sutherland
- The Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Birkedal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke L. Meyer
- The Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- * E-mail: (SS); (RLM)
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19
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Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans binding to hydroxylapatite using partially digested whey protein concentrate and individual whey proteins. J Funct Foods 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Berlutti F, Pilloni A, Pietropaoli M, Polimeni A, Valenti P. Lactoferrin and oral diseases: current status and perspective in periodontitis. ANNALI DI STOMATOLOGIA 2011; 2:10-8. [PMID: 22545184 PMCID: PMC3314318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf), an iron-binding glycoprotein able to chelate two ferric ions per molecule, is a component of human secretions synthesized by exocrine glands and neutrophils in infection/inflammation sites. Lactoferrin in saliva represents an important defence factor against bacterial injuries including those related to Streptococcus mutans and periodontopathic bacteria through its ability to decrease bacterial growth, biofilm development, iron overload, reactive oxygen formation and inflammatory processes.A growing body of research suggests that inflammatory periodontal disease involves a failure of resolution pathways to restore tissue homeostasis. There is an important distinction between anti-inflammation and resolution; anti-inflammation is pharmacologic intervention in inflammatory pathways, whereas resolution involves biologic pathways restoring inflammatory homeostasis. An appropriate regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis might be useful in reducing periodontal tissue destruction. Recently, the multi-functional IL-6 is emerging as an important factor able to modulate bone, iron and inflammatory homeostasis.Here, we report an overview of Lf functions as well as for the first time Lf anti-inflammatory ability against periodontitis in in vitro model and observational clinical study. In in vitro model, represented by gingival fibroblasts infected with Prevotella intermedia, Lf exerted a potent anti-inflammatory activity. In the observational clinical trial performed through bovine Lf (bLf) topically administered to volunteers suffering from periodontitis, bLf decreased cytokines, including IL-6 in crevicular fluid, edema, bleeding, pocket depth, gingival and plaque index, thus improving clinical attachment levels.Even if other clinical trials are required, these results provide strong evidence for a instead of an therapeutic potential of this multifunctional natural protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Berlutti
- Department of Health Sciences and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Pilloni
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Polimeni
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Piera Valenti
- Department of Health Sciences and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Azevedo LF, Pecharki GD, Brancher JA, Cordeiro CA, Medeiros KGDS, Antunes AA, Arruda ES, Werneck RI, de Azevedo LR, Mazur RF, Moysés SJ, Moysés ST, Faucz FR, Trevilatto PC. Analysis of the association between lactotransferrin (LTF) gene polymorphism and dental caries. J Appl Oral Sci 2010; 18:166-70. [PMID: 20485928 PMCID: PMC5349753 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572010000200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study evaluated the association between lactotransferrin (LTF) gene polymorphism (exon 2, A/G, Lys/Arg) and dental caries. MATERIAL AND METHODS A convenience sample of 110 individuals, 12 years old, was divided into: group 1, 48 individuals without caries experience (DMFT=0), and group 2, 62 subjects with caries experience (DMFT>or=1). DNA was obtained from a mouthwash with 3% glucose solution, followed by a scrapping of the oral mucosa. After DNA purification, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) was performed to access the study polymorphism. The LTF A/G (Lys/Arg) polymorphism had been previously reported as located in exon 1. RESULTS Allele 1 of the study polymorphism was associated with low DMFT index and showed a protective effect against caries experience (OR=0.16, IC=0.03-0.76, p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS Lactotransferrin A/G (exon 2, Lys/Arg) polymorphism was associated with susceptibility to dental caries in 12-year-old students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Foltran Azevedo
- Center for Health and Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Kitada K, de Toledo A, Oho T. Increase in detectable opportunistic bacteria in the oral cavity of orthodontic patients. Int J Dent Hyg 2009; 7:121-5. [PMID: 19416094 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5037.2008.00333.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was performed to detect the opportunistic bacteria and fungi from the oral cavities of orthodontic patients and examine the ability of the organisms to adhere to saliva-coated metallic brackets. METHODS Opportunistic bacteria and fungi were isolated from 58 patients (orthodontic group: 42; non-orthodontic group: 16) using culture methods and were identified based on their biochemical and enzymatic profiles. Seven opportunistic and four streptococcal strains were tested for their ability to adhere to saliva-coated metallic brackets. RESULTS More opportunistic bacteria and fungi were detected in the orthodontic group than in the non-orthodontic group (P < 0.05). Opportunistic bacteria adhered to saliva-coated metallic brackets to the same degree as oral streptococci. CONCLUSIONS The isolation frequencies of opportunistic bacteria and fungi increase during orthodontic treatment, suggesting the importance of paying special attention to oral hygiene in orthodontic patients to prevent periodontal disease and the aggravation of systemic disease in immunocompromised conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kitada
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS The diverse antipathogenic action of lactoferrin has been well characterized. In addition, it is the human body's only known antimicrobial peptide with antibiofilm properties. The purpose of this study was to examine the nasal mucosal expression of lactoferrin in the biofilm-mediated disease, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Nasal biopsies from 41 CRS patients and 21 healthy controls were analyzed using confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the presence of biofilms. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein level of lactoferrin in this tissue were also determined by quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. RESULTS Lactoferrin expression in chronic rhinosinusitis patients at both mRNA and protein level was downregulated relative to controls. Biofilm-positive CRS patients showed a much greater reduction in lactoferrin expression than biofilm-negative patients; mRNA median fold change biofilm positive = 0.03 (interquartile range 0.005-0.15) and biofilm-negative CRS median fold change = 0.49 (interquartile range 0.15-0.81) with median lactoferrin protein expression biofilm-positive patients' median lactoferrin protein expression = 32.58 ng/mL (interquartile range 8.67-59.9 ng/mL) and biofilm-negative patients' median lactoferrin expression = 114.40 ng/mL (interquartile range 75.41-163.1 ng/mL). CONCLUSIONS Genetic, transcriptional, or translational deficiencies in lactoferrin synthesis may reduce the functional level of this important antimicrobial/antibiofilm peptide in the nasal secretions of CRS patients, predisposing certain individuals to bacterial colonization, biofilm development, and recalcitrant sinus disease.
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Halpin RM, O’Connor MM, McMahon A, Boughton C, O’Riordan ED, O’Sullivan M, Brady DB. Inhibition of adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to hydroxylapatite by commercial dairy powders and individual milk proteins. Eur Food Res Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-008-0872-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Whey, a liquid by-product, is widely accepted to contain many valuable constituents. These include especially proteins that possess important nutritional and biological properties – particularly with regard to promotion of health, as well as prevention of diseases and health conditions. Antimicrobial and antiviral actions, immune system stimulation, anticarcinogenic activity and other metabolic features have indeed been associated with such whey proteins, as α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, and bovine serum albumin. The most important advances reported to date pertaining to biological properties of whey proteins are reviewed in this communication.
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Kaeriyama E, Imai S, Usui Y, Hanada N, Takagi Y. Effect of bovine lactoferrin on enamel demineralization and acid fermentation by Streptococcus mutans. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0917-2394(07)70104-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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O'Connor EB, O'Riordan B, Morgan SM, Whelton H, O'Mullane DM, Ross RP, Hill C. A lacticin 3147 enriched food ingredient reduces Streptococcus mutans isolated from the human oral cavity in saliva. J Appl Microbiol 2006; 100:1251-60. [PMID: 16696672 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02856.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To isolate and characterise Streptococcus mutans from Irish saliva samples and to assess their sensitivity to a food-grade preparation of the lantibiotic, lacticin 3147, produced by Lactococcus lactis DPC3147. METHODS AND RESULTS Saliva samples collected from children with varying oral health status were screened on Mitis Salivarius agar for the presence of pathogenic streptococci. Following selective plating, 16S rDNA sequencing and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), 15 distinct strains of Strep. mutans were identified. These were grouped according to their relative sensitivity to lacticin 3147 which ranged from 0.78 to 6.25%; relative to a sensitive indicator strain, Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis HP. Inhibition of indicator Strep. mutans strains from sensitive, intermediate and tolerant groupings were assessed in microtitre plate assays with increasing concentrations of lacticin 3147. The concentration of lacticin 3147 required to give 50% growth inhibition correlated with their relative sensitivities (as assayed by well diffusion methodology) and ranged from 1280 to 5120 AU ml(-1). Concentrated preparations of lacticin 3147 caused a rapid killing of Strep. mutans strains in broth. Moreover, in human saliva deliberately spiked with Strep. mutans, the pathogen was eliminated (initial inoculum of 10(5)) in the presence of 40,000 AU ml(-1) of lacticin 3147. Furthermore, a food-grade lacticin 3147 spray dried powder ingredient was assessed for the inhibition of Strep. mutans in human saliva, spiked with a strain of intermediate sensitivity, resulting in up to a 4-log reduction in counts after 20 min. CONCLUSION A food grade preparation of lacticin 3147 was effective in the inhibition of oral Strep. mutans. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The inhibition of oral streptococci by food grade preparations of lacticin 3147 may offer novel opportunities for the development of lacticin 3147 as an anti-cariogenic agent particularly in the area of functional foods for the improvement of oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B O'Connor
- Moorepark Food Research Centre, Teagasc, Fermoy Co. Cork, Ireland
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Eberhard J, Drosos Z, Tiemann M, Jepsen S, Schröder JM. Immunolocalization of lactoferrin in healthy and inflamed gingival tissues. J Periodontol 2006; 77:472-8. [PMID: 16512762 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2006.050186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that lactoferrin prevents biofilm formation and exerts antimicrobial activity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cellular source of lactoferrin in healthy and inflamed gingiva. METHODS Lactoferrin synthesis was examined in relation to disease manifestation in biopsies of the marginal gingiva by immunohistochemistry. The expression of lactoferrin in cell cultures was studied by immunocytochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS Healthy gingiva demonstrated no immunoreactivity to lactoferrin in epithelial and connective tissue cells. In inflamed specimens, lactoferrin staining was related to inflammatory cells. These results were confirmed by cell cultures of keratinocytes that did not show any immunoreactivity against lactoferrin. No mRNA message for lactoferrin was detected by RT-PCR in keratinocytes. CONCLUSIONS These data provide evidence that lactoferrin is not synthesized in healthy gingival tissues. Therefore, elevated lactoferrin levels in the crevicular fluid of inflamed tissues originate from invading cells of the inflammatory reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Eberhard
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Oho T, Bikker FJ, Nieuw Amerongen AV, Groenink J. A peptide domain of bovine milk lactoferrin inhibits the interaction between streptococcal surface protein antigen and a salivary agglutinin peptide domain. Infect Immun 2004; 72:6181-4. [PMID: 15385529 PMCID: PMC517587 DOI: 10.1128/iai.72.10.6181-6184.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The peptide domain of salivary agglutinin responsible for its interaction with cell surface protein antigen (PAc) of Streptococcus mutans or bovine lactoferrin was found in the same peptide, scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain peptide 2 (SRCRP2). Inhibition studies suggest that PAc and lactoferrin, of which residues 480 to 492 seem important, competitively bind to the SRCRP2 domain of salivary agglutinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Oho
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Di Biase AM, Tinari A, Pietrantoni A, Antonini G, Valenti P, Conte MP, Superti F. Effect of bovine lactoferricin on enteropathogenic Yersinia adhesion and invasion in HEp-2 cells. J Med Microbiol 2004; 53:407-412. [PMID: 15096550 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.05410-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine lactoferricin, a pepsin-generated antimicrobial peptide from bovine lactoferrin active against a wide range of bacteria, was tested for its ability to influence the adhesion and invasion of Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in HEp-2 cells. The addition of non-cytotoxic and non-bactericidal concentrations of lactoferricin to cell monolayers before infection, under different bacterial growth experimental conditions, was ineffective or resulted in about a 10-fold increase in bacterial adhesion, whereas, in bacteria grown in conditions allowing maximal inv gene expression, a 10-fold inhibition of cell invasion by lactoferricin was observed. To confirm that the anti-invasive activity of lactoferricin was exerted against invasin-mediated bacterial entry, experiments were also performed utilizing Escherichia coli strain HB101 (pRI203), harbouring the inv gene from Y. pseudotuberculosis, which allows penetration of mammalian cells. Under these experimental conditions, lactoferricin was able to inhibit bacterial entry into epithelial cells, demonstrating that this peptide acts on inv-mediated Yersinia species invasion. As the inv gene product is the most important virulence factor in enteropathogenic Yersinia, being responsible for bacterial adherence and penetration within epithelial cells of the intestinal lumen and for the subsequent colonization of regional lymph nodes, these data provide additional information on the protective role of lactoferricin against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Maria Di Biase
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy 2Department of Biology, III University of Rome, Italy 3Department of Experimental Medicine, II University of Naples, Naples, Italy 4Department of Public Health Sciences, University 'La Sapienza', Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Tinari
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy 2Department of Biology, III University of Rome, Italy 3Department of Experimental Medicine, II University of Naples, Naples, Italy 4Department of Public Health Sciences, University 'La Sapienza', Rome, Italy
| | - Agostina Pietrantoni
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy 2Department of Biology, III University of Rome, Italy 3Department of Experimental Medicine, II University of Naples, Naples, Italy 4Department of Public Health Sciences, University 'La Sapienza', Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Antonini
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy 2Department of Biology, III University of Rome, Italy 3Department of Experimental Medicine, II University of Naples, Naples, Italy 4Department of Public Health Sciences, University 'La Sapienza', Rome, Italy
| | - Piera Valenti
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy 2Department of Biology, III University of Rome, Italy 3Department of Experimental Medicine, II University of Naples, Naples, Italy 4Department of Public Health Sciences, University 'La Sapienza', Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Conte
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy 2Department of Biology, III University of Rome, Italy 3Department of Experimental Medicine, II University of Naples, Naples, Italy 4Department of Public Health Sciences, University 'La Sapienza', Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiana Superti
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy 2Department of Biology, III University of Rome, Italy 3Department of Experimental Medicine, II University of Naples, Naples, Italy 4Department of Public Health Sciences, University 'La Sapienza', Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Beyond nutrition, there is an increasing amount of data and information to demonstrate a bioactive role for dairy components in adults including a role in prevention of dental caries. Specifically, the casein fraction and hydrolysates thereof have been the focus of researchers investigating cariogenicity prevention. Tooth enamel is a polymeric substance consisting of crystalline calcium phosphate embedded in a protein matrix. Dental caries develop by acidic demineralization (calcium and phosphorus solubilization) of tooth enamel. Demineralization occurs directly (acidic food consumption) or indirectly (by fermentation products of dental plaque odontopathogenic bacteria growing on residual food particles between teeth or adhering to the plaque). Research efforts with milk derived bioactive peptides have focused on inhibition of cariogenic, plaque-forming bacteria, inhibition of tooth enamel demineralization, and subsequent enamel remineralization. Caseinophosphopeptides (CPP) and glycomacropeptide (GMP) have been patented for use in common personal hygiene products to prevent dental caries. Research has shown CPP and GMP to be growth inhibitory to the cariogenic bacteria Streptococcus mutans and other species. Additionally, CPP forms nanoclusters with amorphous calcium phosphate (AMP) at the tooth surface to provide a reservoir of calcium and phosphate ions to maintain a state of super saturation with respect to tooth enamel. This would buffer plaque pH, and also provide ions for tooth enamel remineralization. Glycosidic structures attached to GMP are important to numerous bioactive properties of the peptide including anticariogenicity. Like CPP, GMP has shown inhibitory activity to enamel demineralization and promotes tooth enamel remineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Aimutis
- Food Technical Development Center, Cargill, Inc, Wayzata, MN 55391, USA.
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