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Su YL, Larzábal M, Song H, Cheng T, Wang Y, Smith LY, Cataldi AA, Ow DW. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 antigens produced in transgenic lettuce effective as an oral vaccine in mice. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:214. [PMID: 37740735 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04460-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Transgene with recombination sites to address biosafety concerns engineered into lettuce to produce EspB and γ-intimin C280 for oral vaccination against EHEC O157:H7. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 is a food-borne pathogen where ruminant farm animals, mainly bovine, serve as reservoirs. Bovine vaccination has been used to prevent disease outbreaks, and the current method relies on vaccines subcutaneously injected three times per year. Since EHEC O157:H7 colonizes mucosal surfaces, an oral vaccine that produces an IgA response could be more convenient. Here, we report on oral vaccination against EHEC O157:H7 in mice orally gavaged with transgenic lettuce that produces EHEC O157:H7 antigens EspB and γ-intimin C280. Younger leaves accumulated a higher concentration of antigens; and in unexpanded leaves of 30-day-old T2 plants, EspB and γ-intimin C280 were up to 32 and 51 μg/g fresh weight, respectively. Mice orally gavaged with lettuce powders containing < 3 µg antigens for 6 days showed a mucosal immune response with reduced colonization of EHEC O157:H7. This suggests that the transgenic lettuce has potential to be used for bovine vaccination. To promote the biosafety of crop plants producing medically relevant proteins, recombination sites were built into our transgenic lines that would permit optional marker removal by Cre-lox recombination, as well as transgene deletion in pollen by CinH-RS2 recombination. The ability to upgrade the transgenic lettuce by stacking additional antigen genes or replacing older genes with newer versions would also be possible through the combined use of Bxb-att and Cre-lox recombination systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Lin Su
- Plant Gene Engineering Center; Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, People's Republic of China
| | - Mariano Larzábal
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO) INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Huan Song
- Plant Gene Engineering Center; Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianfang Cheng
- Plant Gene Engineering Center; Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufang Wang
- Plant Gene Engineering Center; Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, People's Republic of China
| | - Libia Yael Smith
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO) INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Angel Adrian Cataldi
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO) INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - David W Ow
- Plant Gene Engineering Center; Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, People's Republic of China.
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Melamed J, Brockhausen I. Biosynthesis of the O antigen of pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Characterization of α1,4-Fuc-transferase WbdO. Glycobiology 2023; 33:165-175. [PMID: 36715215 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The O157:H7 strain of Escherichia coli is responsible for frequent outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis worldwide. Its lipopolysaccharide is a virulence factor and contains an O antigen having repeating units with the tetrasaccharide structure [2-D-PerNAcα1-3-L-Fucα1-4-D-Glcβ1-3-D-GalNAcα1-]n. Genes encoding glycosyltransferases WbdN, WbdO, and WbdP are responsible for the biosynthesis of this repeating unit. We have previously characterized the second enzyme in the pathway, WbdN, which transfers Glc in β1-3 linkage to GalNAcα-O-PO3-PO3-(CH2)11-O-Ph (GalNAc-PP-PhU). In this work, Fuc-transferase WbdO from E. coli O157:H7 expressed in BL21 bacteria was characterized using the product of WbdN as the acceptor substrate. We showed that WbdO is specific for GDP-β-L-Fuc as the donor substrate. Compounds that contained terminal Glc or Glcβ1-3GalNAc structures but lacked the diphosphate group did not serve as acceptor substrates. The structure of the WbdO product was identified by mass spectrometry and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as L-Fucα1-4-D-Glcβ1-3-D-GalNAc PP-PhU. WbdO is an unusual bivalent metal ion-dependent Fuc-transferase classified as an inverting GT2 family enzyme that has 2 conserved sequences near the N-terminus. The Asp37 residue within the 36VDGGSTD42 sequence was found to be essential for catalysis. Mutation of Asp68 to Ala within the conserved 67YDAMNK72 sequence resulted in a 3-fold increase in activity. These studies show that WbdOO157 is a highly specific Fuc-transferase with little homology to other characterized Fuc-transferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Melamed
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Inka Brockhausen
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L3N6, Canada
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Mühlen S, Dersch P. Treatment Strategies for Infections With Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:169. [PMID: 32435624 PMCID: PMC7218068 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) cause outbreaks of severe diarrheal disease in children and the elderly around the world. The severe complications associated with toxin production and release range from bloody diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis to hemolytic-uremic syndrome, kidney failure, and neurological issues. As the use of antibiotics for treatment of the infection has long been controversial due to reports that antibiotics may increase the production of Shiga toxin, the recommended therapy today is mainly supportive. In recent years, a variety of alternative treatment approaches such as monoclonal antibodies or antisera directed against Shiga toxin, toxin receptor analogs, and several vaccination strategies have been developed and evaluated in vitro and in animal models. A few strategies have progressed to the clinical trial phase. Here, we review the current understanding of and the progress made in the development of treatment options against STEC infections and discuss their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Mühlen
- Institute for Infectiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Site University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Petra Dersch
- Institute for Infectiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Site University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Response to Questions Posed by the Food and Drug Administration Regarding Virulence Factors and Attributes that Define Foodborne Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) as Severe Human Pathogens †. J Food Prot 2019; 82:724-767. [PMID: 30969806 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
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- NACMCF Executive Secretariat, * U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Office of Public Health Science, PP3, 9-178, 1400 Independence Avenue S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-3700, USA
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Hajizade A, Salmanian AH, Amani J, Ebrahimi F, Arpanaei A. EspA-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles can efficiently protect animal model against enterohaemorrhagic E. coli O157: H7. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 46:S1067-S1075. [PMID: 30638077 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1529676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the application of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) loaded with recombinant EspA protein, an immunogen of enterohaemorrhagic E. coli, was investigated in the case of BALB/c mice immunization against the bacterium. MSNPs of 96.9 ± 15.9 nm in diameter were synthesized using template removing method. The immunization of mice was carried out orally and subcutaneously. Significant immune responses to the antigen were observed for the immunized mice when rEspA-loaded MSNPs were administered in both routes in comparison to that of the antigen formulated using a well-known adjuvant, i.e. Freund's. According to the titretitre of serum IL-4, the most potent humoral responses were observed when the mice were immunized subcutaneously with antigen-loaded MSNPs (244, 36 and 14 ng/dL of IL-4 in the serum of mice immunized subcutaneously or orally by antigen-loaded MSNPs, and subcutaneously by Freund's adjuvant formulated-antigen, respectively). However, the difference in serum IgG and serum IgA was not significant in mice subcutaneously immunized with antigen-loaded MSNPs and mice immunized with Freund's adjuvant formulated-antigen. Finally, the immunized mice were challenged orally by enterohaemorrhagic E. coli cells. The amount of bacterial shedding was significantly reduced in faecesfaeces of the animals immunized by antigen-loaded MSNPs in both subcutaneous and oral routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Hajizade
- a Applied Biotechnology Research Centre , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ali Hatef Salmanian
- b Agriculture Biotechnology Department , National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Tehran , Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- c Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Firouz Ebrahimi
- d Biology Research Centre , Imam Hossein University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ayyoob Arpanaei
- e Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology , National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Tehran , Iran
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Malavolta M, Basso A, Giacconi R, Orlando F, Pierpaoli E, Cardelli M, Leoni F, Chierichetti S, Bray D, Benlhassan K, Provinciali M. Recovery from mild Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection in young and aged C57BL/6 mice with intact flora estimated by fecal shedding, locomotor activity and grip strength. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 63:1-9. [PMID: 30961802 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli 0157:H7 is a food-borne pathogen that can cause severe complications in vulnerable populations. Mouse infection models of E. coli 0157:H7 are usually developed under severe animal suffering classification by depleting the normal flora, in which age plays a role. OBJECTIVE To develop a refined method for longitudinal monitoring of E. coli 0157:H7 in young and old mice with intact flora. METHODS We applied discriminant analysis and computed composite standardized scores from 19 variables obtained from physiological parameters, analysis of locomotor activity, grip strength measurement and fecal shedding in 16 aged and 16 young C57BL/6 mice after two mild oral challenges of E. coli 0157:H7. The resulting scores were validated in another experiment performed in 24 aged and 24 young mice including a group (8 aged and 8 young mice) treated with oxytetracycline. RESULTS We show that our scores are significantly affected in the post-infection period and that can be used to measure and compare the recovery time after a treatment. The scores are most sensitive when separately developed in young and aged mice. CONCLUSIONS We developed a method that minimizes the level of animal suffering and that can be applied in preclinical testing of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Malavolta
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, Italy.
| | - Andrea Basso
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, Italy
| | - Robertina Giacconi
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Orlando
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, Italy
| | - Elisa Pierpaoli
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cardelli
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, Italy
| | - Francesca Leoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Serena Chierichetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | - Mauro Provinciali
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, Italy
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Abstract
Post-infectious hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is caused by specific pathogens in patients with no identifiable HUS-associated genetic mutation or autoantibody. The majority of episodes is due to infections by Shiga toxin (Stx) producing Escherichia coli (STEC). This chapter reviews the epidemiology and pathogenesis of STEC-HUS, including bacterial-derived factors and host responses. STEC disease is characterized by hematological (microangiopathic hemolytic anemia), renal (acute kidney injury) and extrarenal organ involvement. Clinicians should always strive for an etiological diagnosis through the microbiological or molecular identification of Stx-producing bacteria and Stx or, if negative, serological assays. Treatment of STEC-HUS is supportive; more investigations are needed to evaluate the efficacy of putative preventive and therapeutic measures, such as non-phage-inducing antibiotics, volume expansion and anti-complement agents. The outcome of STEC-HUS is generally favorable, but chronic kidney disease, permanent extrarenal, mainly cerebral complication and death (in less than 5 %) occur and long-term follow-up is recommended. The remainder of this chapter highlights rarer forms of (post-infectious) HUS due to S. dysenteriae, S. pneumoniae, influenza A and HIV and discusses potential interactions between these pathogens and the complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis F. Geary
- Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Franz Schaefer
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Diamos AG, Rosenthal SH, Mason HS. 5' and 3' Untranslated Regions Strongly Enhance Performance of Geminiviral Replicons in Nicotiana benthamiana Leaves. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:200. [PMID: 26941764 PMCID: PMC4764687 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported a recombinant protein production system based on a geminivirus replicon that yields high levels of vaccine antigens and monoclonal antibodies in plants. The bean yellow dwarf virus (BeYDV) replicon generates massive amounts of DNA copies, which engage the plant transcription machinery. However, we noticed a disparity between transcript level and protein production, suggesting that mRNAs could be more efficiently utilized. In this study, we systematically evaluated genetic elements from human, viral, and plant sources for their potential to improve the BeYDV system. The tobacco extensin terminator enhanced transcript accumulation and protein production compared to other commonly used terminators, indicating that efficient transcript processing plays an important role in recombinant protein production. Evaluation of human-derived 5' untranslated regions (UTRs) indicated that many provided high levels of protein production, supporting their cross-kingdom function. Among the viral 5' UTRs tested, we found the greatest enhancement with the tobacco mosaic virus omega leader. An analysis of the 5' UTRs from the Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotinana benthamiana photosystem I K genes found that they were highly active when truncated to include only the near upstream region, providing a dramatic enhancement of transgene production that exceeded that of the tobacco mosaic virus omega leader. The tobacco Rb7 matrix attachment region inserted downstream from the gene of interest provided significant enhancement, which was correlated with a reduction in plant cell death. Evaluation of Agrobacterium strains found that EHA105 enhanced protein production and reduced cell death compared to LBA4301 and GV3101. We used these improvements to produce Norwalk virus capsid protein at >20% total soluble protein, corresponding to 1.8 mg/g leaf fresh weight, more than twice the highest level ever reported in a plant system. We also produced the monoclonal antibody rituximab at 1 mg/g leaf fresh weight.
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The Locus of Enterocyte Effacement and Associated Virulence Factors of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Microbiol Spectr 2016; 2:EHEC-0007-2013. [PMID: 26104209 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.ehec-0007-2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A subset of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains, termed enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), is defined in part by the ability to produce attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions on intestinal epithelia. Such lesions are characterized by intimate bacterial attachment to the apical surface of enterocytes, cytoskeletal rearrangements beneath adherent bacteria, and destruction of proximal microvilli. A/E lesion formation requires the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE), which encodes a Type III secretion system that injects bacterial proteins into host cells. The translocated proteins, termed effectors, subvert a plethora of cellular pathways to the benefit of the pathogen, for example, by recruiting cytoskeletal proteins, disrupting epithelial barrier integrity, and interfering with the induction of inflammation, phagocytosis, and apoptosis. The LEE and selected effectors play pivotal roles in intestinal persistence and virulence of EHEC, and it is becoming clear that effectors may act in redundant, synergistic, and antagonistic ways during infection. Vaccines that target the function of the Type III secretion system limit colonization of reservoir hosts by EHEC and may thus aid control of zoonotic infections. Here we review the features and functions of the LEE-encoded Type III secretion system and associated effectors of E. coli O157:H7 and other Shiga toxin-producing E. coli strains.
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Novel fusion antigen displayed-bacterial ghosts vaccine candidate against infection of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17479. [PMID: 26626573 PMCID: PMC4667225 DOI: 10.1038/srep17479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Escherichia coli O157:H7 may develop into hemorrhagic colitis, or hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), which usually causes kidney failure or even death. The adhesion and toxins are the important virulent factors. In this study, a novel vaccine candidate rSOBGs was constructed based on the bacterial ghost (BG). rSOBGs maintained the integrity of cellular morphology and displayed the linear Stx2Am-Stx1B antigen on the surface of outer membrane. rSOBGs induced Stxs-specific IgA/IgG antibodies and stronger intimin-specific IgA/IgG antibodies effectively in sera in this study. In vivo, the rSOBGs provided the higher protection rate (52%) than native bacterial ghost-OBGs (12%) when challenged intragastricly with high dose (500 LD50) viable E. coli O157:H7. Meanwhile, the rSOBGs provided higher protection rate (73.33%) than OBGs when challenged with 2 LD50 even to 5 LD50 lysed E. coli O157:H7. In vitro, the rSOBGs-immunized sera possessed neutralizing activity to lysed pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, the results of histopathology also displayed that the administration of rSOBGs have the ability to reduce or inhibit the adhesion lesions and toxins damages of organs. The novel vaccine candidate rSOBGs induced both anti-toxin and anti-adhesion immune protection, suggesting the possibility to prevent the infectious diseases caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7.
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Russo LM, Abdeltawab NF, O’Brien AD, Kotb M, Melton-Celsa AR. Mapping of genetic loci that modulate differential colonization by Escherichia coli O157:H7 TUV86-2 in advanced recombinant inbred BXD mice. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:947. [PMID: 26573818 PMCID: PMC4647490 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing E. coli (STEC) are responsible for foodborne outbreaks that can result in severe human disease. During an outbreak, differential disease outcomes are observed after infection with the same STEC strain. One question of particular interest is why some infected people resolve infection after hemorrhagic colitis whereas others progress to the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Host age and infection dose have been implicated; however, these parameters do not appear to fully account for all of the observed variation in disease severity. Therefore, we hypothesized that additional host genetic factors may play a role in progression to HUS. METHODS AND RESULTS To mimic the genetic diversity in the human response to infection by STEC, we measured the capacity of an O157:H7 outbreak isolate to colonize mouse strains from the advanced recombinant inbred (ARI) BXD panel. We first infected the BXD parental strains C57BL/6 J (B6) and DBA/2 J (D2) with either 86-24 (Stx2a+) or TUV86-2, an Stx2a-negative isogenic mutant. Colonization levels were determined in an intact commensal flora (ICF) infection model. We found a significant difference in colonization levels between the parental B6 and D2 strains after infection with TUV86-2 but not with 86-24. This observation suggested that a host factor that may be masked by Stx2a affects O157:H7 colonization in some genetic backgrounds. We then determined the TUV86-2 colonization levels of 24 BXD strains in the ICF model. We identified several quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with variation in colonization by correlation analyses. We found a highly significant QTL on proximal chromosome 9 (12.5-26.7 Mb) that strongly predicts variation in colonization levels and accounts for 15-20 % of variance. Linkage, polymorphism and co-citation analyses of the mapped region revealed 36 candidate genes within the QTL, and we identified five genes that are most likely responsible for the differential colonization. CONCLUSIONS The identification of the QTL on chromosome 9 supports our hypothesis that individual genetic makeup affects the level of colonization after infection with STEC O157:H7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Russo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Nourtan F. Abdeltawab
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine & Cincinnati VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA ,Department Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alison D. O’Brien
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Malak Kotb
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine & Cincinnati VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA ,Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND USA
| | - Angela R. Melton-Celsa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD USA
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Wang X, Guan Q, Wang X, Teng D, Mao R, Yao J, Wang J. Paving the way to construct a new vaccine against Escherichia coli from its recombinant outer membrane protein C via a murine model. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Impact of Infection Dose and Previous Serum Antibodies against the Locus of Enterocyte Effacement Proteins on Escherichia coli O157:H7 Shedding in Calves following Experimental Infection. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:290679. [PMID: 26167480 PMCID: PMC4475743 DOI: 10.1155/2015/290679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is the main causative agent of haemolytic uremic syndrome. Cattle are the main reservoir of these bacteria, and have been shown to develop immune response to colonization. Our aim was to investigate the faecal shedding pattern of E. coli O157:H7 in calves challenged intragastrically with either 108 or 1010 CFU, as well as the ability of specific preexisting antibodies to reduce shedding of the pathogen. Shedding was analysed by direct counting as well as enrichment of rectoanal mucosal swabs. Statistical analysis was performed using a linear model for repeated measures with and without the inclusion of preexisting antibodies against the carboxy-terminal fraction of intimin-γ (γ-intimin C280) as a covariable. Results suggest that there is a statistical difference in the area under the shedding curves between both doses for 14 as well as 28 days after challenge (p = 0.0069 and 0.0209, resp.). This difference is increased when the prechallenge antibodies are taken into account (p = 0.0056 and 0.0185). We concluded that the bacterial dose influences shedding on calves experimentally challenged and that preexisting antibodies against E. coli O157:H7 γ-intimin C280 could partially reduce faecal excretion.
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Livezey KW, Groschel B, Becker MM. Use of the ecf1 gene to detect Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in beef samples. J Food Prot 2015; 78:675-84. [PMID: 25836391 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 and six serovars (O26, O103, O121, O111, O145, and O45) are frequently implicated in severe clinical illness worldwide. Standard testing methods using stx, eae, and O serogroup-specific gene sequences for detecting the top six non-O157 STEC bear the disadvantage that these genes may reside, independently, in different nonpathogenic organisms, leading to false-positive results. The ecf operon has previously been identified in the large enterohemolysin-encoding plasmid of eae-positive Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). Here, we explored the utility of the ecf operon as a single marker to detect eae-positive STEC from pure broth and primary meat enrichments. Analysis of 501 E. coli isolates demonstrated a strong correlation (99.6%) between the presence of the ecf1 gene and the combined presence of stx, eae, and ehxA genes. Two large studies were carried out to determine the utility of an ecf1 detection assay to detect non-O157 STEC strains in enriched meat samples in comparison to the results using the U. S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) method that detects stx and eae genes. In ground beef samples (n = 1,065), the top six non-O157 STEC were detected in 4.0% of samples by an ecf1 detection assay and in 5.0% of samples by the stx- and eae-based method. In contrast, in beef samples composed largely of trim (n = 1,097), the top six non-O157 STEC were detected at 1.1% by both methods. Estimation of false-positive rates among the top six non-O157 STEC revealed a lower rate using the ecf1 detection method (0.5%) than using the eae and stx screening method (1.1%). Additionally, the ecf1 detection assay detected STEC strains associated with severe illness that are not included in the FSIS regulatory definition of adulterant STEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin W Livezey
- Roka Bioscience, Inc., 10398 Pacific Center Court, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Bettina Groschel
- Roka Bioscience, Inc., 10398 Pacific Center Court, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Michael M Becker
- Roka Bioscience, Inc., 10398 Pacific Center Court, San Diego, California 92121, USA.
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Abstract
Adhesins are a group of proteins in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) that are involved in the attachment or colonization of this pathogen to abiotic (plastic or steel) and biological surfaces, such as those found in bovine and human intestines. This review provides the most up-to-date information on these essential adhesion factors, summarizing important historical discoveries and analyzing the current and future state of this research. In doing so, the proteins intimin and Tir are discussed in depth, especially regarding their role in the development of attaching and effacing lesions and in EHEC virulence. Further, a series of fimbrial proteins (Lpf1, Lpf2, curli, ECP, F9, ELF, Sfp, HCP, and type 1 fimbriae) are also described, emphasizing their various contributions to adherence and colonization of different surfaces and their potential use as genetic markers in detection and classification of different EHEC serotypes. This review also discusses the role of several autotransporter proteins (EhaA-D, EspP, Saa and Sab, and Cah), as well as other proteins associated with adherence, such as flagella, EibG, Iha, and OmpA. While these proteins have all been studied to varying degrees, all of the adhesins summarized in this chapter have been linked to different stages of the EHEC life cycle, making them good targets for the development of more effective diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D. McWilliams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555. USA
| | - Alfredo G. Torres
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555. USA
- Department of Pathology and Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555. USA
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Szu SC, Ahmed A. Clinical Studies of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Conjugate Vaccines in Adults and Young Children. Microbiol Spectr 2014; 2. [PMID: 26104443 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.ehec-0016-2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric immunization has been the most effective measure to prevent and reduce the burden of infectious diseases in children. The recent inclusion of pneumococcal and meningococcal polysaccharide conjugates in infant immunization further reinforces their importance. Currently there is no human vaccine against enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) infections. This review focuses on the human EHEC vaccine that has been studied clinically, in particular, the polysaccharide conjugate against E. coli O157. The surface polysaccharide antigen, O-specific polysaccharide, was linked to rEPA, recombinant exotoxin A of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In adults and children 2 to 5 years old, O157-rEPA conjugates, shown to be safe, induced high levels of antilipopolysaccharide immunoglobulin G with bactericidal activities against E. coli O157, a functional bioassay that mimics the killing of inoculum in vivo. A similar construct using the B subunit of Shiga toxin (Stx) 1 as the carrier protein elicited both bactericidal and toxin-neutralizing antibodies in mice. So far there is no clinical study of Stx-based human vaccine. Passive immunization of Stx-specific antibodies with humanized, chimeric, or human monoclonal antibodies, produced in transgenic mice, showed promising data in animal models and offered high prospects. Demonstrations of their safety and effectiveness in treating hemolytic-uremic syndrome or patients with EHEC infections are under way, and results are much anticipated. For future development, other virulence factors such as the nontoxic Stx B subunit or intimin should be included, either as carrier protein in conjugates or as independent components. The additional antigens from O157 may provide broader coverage to non-O157 Stx-producing E. coli and facilitate both preventive and therapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shousun Chen Szu
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Amina Ahmed
- Levine Children's Specialty Center-Pediatric Infectious Disease, Carolina Medical Centers, Charlotte, NC 28203
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On the way to commercializing plant cell culture platform for biopharmaceuticals: present status and prospect. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 2:499-518. [PMID: 25621170 DOI: 10.4155/pbp.14.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Plant cell culture is emerging as an alternative bioproduction system for recombinant pharmaceuticals. Growing plant cells in vitro under controlled environmental conditions allows for precise control over cell growth and protein production, batch-to-batch product consistency and a production process aligned with current good manufacturing practices. With the recent US FDA approval and commercialization of the world's first plant cell-based recombinant pharmaceutical for human use, β-glucocerebrosidase for treatment of Gaucher's disease, a new era has come in which plant cell culture shows high potential to displace some established platform technologies in niche markets. This review updates the progress in plant cell culture processing technology, highlights recent commercial successes and discusses the challenges that must be overcome to make this platform commercially viable.
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Abstract
Shiga toxin (Stx) is one of the most potent bacterial toxins known. Stx is found in Shigella dysenteriae 1 and in some serogroups of Escherichia coli (called Stx1 in E. coli). In addition to or instead of Stx1, some E. coli strains produce a second type of Stx, Stx2, that has the same mode of action as Stx/Stx1 but is antigenically distinct. Because subtypes of each toxin have been identified, the prototype toxin for each group is now designated Stx1a or Stx2a. The Stxs consist of two major subunits, an A subunit that joins noncovalently to a pentamer of five identical B subunits. The A subunit of the toxin injures the eukaryotic ribosome and halts protein synthesis in target cells. The function of the B pentamer is to bind to the cellular receptor, globotriaosylceramide, Gb3, found primarily on endothelial cells. The Stxs traffic in a retrograde manner within the cell, such that the A subunit of the toxin reaches the cytosol only after the toxin moves from the endosome to the Golgi and then to the endoplasmic reticulum. In humans infected with Stx-producing E. coli, the most serious manifestation of the disease, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, is more often associated with strains that produce Stx2a rather than Stx1a, and that relative toxicity is replicated in mice and baboons. Stx1a and Stx2a also exhibit differences in cytotoxicity to various cell types, bind dissimilarly to receptor analogs or mimics, induce differential chemokine responses, and have several distinctive structural characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R. Melton-Celsa
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814,
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Oral immunization with Lactococcus lactis-expressing EspB induces protective immune responses against Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a murine model of colonization. Vaccine 2014; 32:3909-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Physiopathological effects of Escherichia coli O157:H7 inoculation in weaned calves fed with colostrum containing antibodies to EspB and Intimin. Vaccine 2014; 32:3823-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Li T, Han R, Wang Q, Wang S, Fang H, Li Z, Tu W, Wang D, Wang H. Immunogenicity of Recombinant Porcine Attaching and Effacing–Associated Protein Compared with Intimin Fragment inEscherichia coliO157:H7–Infected Mice. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2013; 10:1016-22. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2013.1496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Shenghan Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huali Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Dehui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
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Rad HS, Mousavi SL, Rasooli I, Amani J, Nadooshan MRJ. EspA-Intimin chimeric protein, a candidate vaccine against Escherichia coli O157:H7. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2013; 5:244-51. [PMID: 24475331 PMCID: PMC3895562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 is an important enteric pathogen in human causing bloody or nonbloody diarrhea, which may be complicated by hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Cattle are an important reservoir of EHEC. This research aims at vaccination with a divalent chimer protein composed of EspA120 and Intimin 282 and its preventive effect of EHEC O157 colonization in mice rectal epithelium. MATERIALS AND METHODS A divalent recombinant EspA-Intimin (EI) protein containing EspA120 and Intimin280 attached with a linker was amplified from a trivalent construct and cloned in pET-28a (+) vector. The immunization was conducted in mice after expression and purification of the recombinant EI (rEI). RESULTS Mice subcutaneously immunized with rEI, elicited significant rEI specific serum IgG antibodies and showed significantly decreased E.coli O157:H7 shedding compared to the control group. CONCLUSION The chimeric recombinant protein induced strong humoral response as well as protection against oral challenges with live E.coli O157:H7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Sedighian Rad
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah Medical Science University, Tehran
| | - Seyed Latif Mousavi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran, Corresponding author: Prof. Seyed Latif Mousavi, Address: Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran-Qom Highway,Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-21-51212600, Fax: +98-21-51212601. E-mail:
| | - Iraj Rasooli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah Medical Science University, Tehran
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23
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Hur J, Lee JH. Protection against neonatal Escherichia coli diarrhea by vaccination of sows with a novel multivalent vaccine candidate expressing E. coli adhesins associated with neonatal pig colibacillosis. Res Vet Sci 2013; 94:198-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Farrokh C, Jordan K, Auvray F, Glass K, Oppegaard H, Raynaud S, Thevenot D, Condron R, De Reu K, Govaris A, Heggum K, Heyndrickx M, Hummerjohann J, Lindsay D, Miszczycha S, Moussiegt S, Verstraete K, Cerf O. Review of Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and their significance in dairy production. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 162:190-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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25
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Antibodies to intimin and Escherichia coli-secreted proteins EspA and EspB in sera of Brazilian children with hemolytic uremic syndrome and healthy controls. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013; 152:121-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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26
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Eldakak M, Milad SIM, Nawar AI, Rohila JS. Proteomics: a biotechnology tool for crop improvement. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:35. [PMID: 23450788 PMCID: PMC3584254 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A sharp decline in the availability of arable land and sufficient supply of irrigation water along with a continuous steep increase in food demands have exerted a pressure on farmers to produce more with fewer resources. A viable solution to release this pressure is to speed up the plant breeding process by employing biotechnology in breeding programs. The majority of biotechnological applications rely on information generated from various -omic technologies. The latest outstanding improvements in proteomic platforms and many other but related advances in plant biotechnology techniques offer various new ways to encourage the usage of these technologies by plant scientists for crop improvement programs. A combinatorial approach of accelerated gene discovery through genomics, proteomics, and other associated -omic branches of biotechnology, as an applied approach, is proving to be an effective way to speed up the crop improvement programs worldwide. In the near future, swift improvements in -omic databases are becoming critical and demand immediate attention for the effective utilization of these techniques to produce next-generation crops for the progressive farmers. Here, we have reviewed the recent advances in proteomics, as tools of biotechnology, which are offering great promise and leading the path toward crop improvement for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa Eldakak
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State UniversityBrookings, SD, USA
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, El Shatby, Alexandria UniversityAlexandria, Egypt
| | - Sanaa I. M. Milad
- Biotechnology Lab, Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, El Shatby, Alexandria UniversityAlexandria, Egypt
| | - Ali I. Nawar
- Biotechnology Lab, Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, El Shatby, Alexandria UniversityAlexandria, Egypt
| | - Jai S. Rohila
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State UniversityBrookings, SD, USA
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27
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Regional immune response to immunization with Escherichia coli O157:H7-derived intimin in cattle. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2013; 20:562-71. [PMID: 23408521 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00743-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is an enteric pathogen of animals and humans that can result in deadly sequelae. Cattle are asymptomatic carriers and shedders of the bacteria and serve as an important reservoir of human infection. E. coli O157:H7 colonizes the gastrointestinal tract, most frequently at the rectoanal junction mucosa in cattle. Vaccination is a potentially highly effective means of decreasing cattle colonization and shedding and thereby decreasing human infections. Currently available vaccines are administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly, and immune responses have been evaluated solely by systemic immunoglobulin responses. This study evaluated local and systemic lymphoproliferative responses in addition to immunoglobulin responses following subcutaneous or mucosal (rectal) immunization with E. coli O157:H7 outer membrane protein intimin over three trials. In all three trials, significant local and systemic lymphoproliferative responses (P < 0.05) occurred following immunization in the majority of animals, as well as significant immunoglobulin responses (P < 0.001) in all animals. Surprisingly, local responses in the mesorectal lymph nodes were very similar between the subcutaneous and mucosal immunization groups. Moreover, the responses in mesorectal lymph nodes appeared targeted rather than generalized, as minimal or no significant responses were observed in the associated prescapular lymph nodes of subcutaneously immunized animals. The results indicate that both subcutaneous and mucosal immunizations are effective methods of inducing immune responses against E. coli O157:H7 in cattle.
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28
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Salyaev RK, Rekoslavskaya NI, Stolbikov AS, Tret'yakova AV. Candidate mucosal vaccine against hepatitis B based on tomatoes transgenic for the preS2-S gene. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2012; 446:257-9. [PMID: 23132723 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672912050109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R K Salyaev
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
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29
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Rabinovitz BC, Gerhardt E, Tironi Farinati C, Abdala A, Galarza R, Vilte DA, Ibarra C, Cataldi A, Mercado EC. Vaccination of pregnant cows with EspA, EspB, γ-intimin, and Shiga toxin 2 proteins from Escherichia coli O157:H7 induces high levels of specific colostral antibodies that are transferred to newborn calves. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:3318-26. [PMID: 22612965 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-5093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 is a major cause of intestinal disease and hemolytic uremic syndrome, a serious systemic complication that particularly affects children. Cattle are primary reservoirs for EHEC O157:H7 and the main source of infection for humans. Vaccination of cattle with different combinations of bacterial virulence factors has shown efficacy in decreasing EHEC O157:H7 shedding. It is, therefore, important to demonstrate whether vaccination of pregnant cows with EHEC O157:H7 induces high titers of transferable antibodies to avoid early colonization of calves by the bacteria. In this study we evaluated the ability of EspA, EspB, the C-terminal fragment of 280 amino acids of γ-intimin (γ-intimin C₂₈₀) and inactivated Shiga toxin (Stx) 2 proteins to induce specific antibodies in colostrum and their passive transference to colostrum-fed calves. Friesian pregnant cows immunized by the intramuscular route mounted significantly high serum and colostrum IgG responses against EspB and γ-intimin C₂₈₀ that were efficiently transferred to their calves. Antibodies to EspB and γ-intimin C₂₈₀ were detected in milk samples of vaccinated cows at d 40 postparturition. Significant Stx2-neutralizing titers were also observed in colostrum from Stx2-vaccinated cows and sera from colostrum-fed calves. The results presented showed that bovine colostrum with increased levels of antibodies against EHEC O157:H7 may be obtained by systemic immunization of pregnant cows, and that these specific antibodies are efficiently transferred to newborn calves by feeding colostrum. Hyperimmune colostrum and milk may be an alternative to protect calves from early colonization by EHEC O157:H7 and a possible key source of antibodies to block colonization and toxic activity of this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Rabinovitz
- Instituto de Patobiología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-INTA, Nicolás Repetto y De los Reseros, 1686 Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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30
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Miller T, Fanton M, Nickelson S, Mason H, Webb S. Safety and immunogenicity of bacterial and tobacco plant cell line derived recombinant native and mutant Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin in chickens. Avian Pathol 2012; 41:441-9. [PMID: 22928883 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2012.709606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The safety and immunogenicity of the mammalian mucosal adjuvants, Escherichia coli wild-type heat-labile holotoxin (LT) and E. coli mutant LT (LTA-K63/LTB), were examined in 1-day-old chicks and 10-day-old to 21-day-old broilers. Biologically active, E. coli recombinant wild-type LT and recombinant LTA-K63/LTB produced in a transgenic Nicotiana tabacum (NT-1) tobacco cell line (SLT102) were tested for safety and antigenicity following various routes of administration. Safety was assessed by clinical signs, body weight gain, gross organ pathology and wet organ weight, and histopathology. Antigenicity was assessed using LT-B-specific serum IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Parenteral administration of E. coli recombinant wild-type LT did not have any discernible effect on bird health and was well tolerated at levels up to 400 µg per dose. Recombinant, SLT102-derived mutant LT derived from SLT102 cells retained in vitro ganglioside binding and was safe and antigenic following repeated mucosal administration to birds. The highest systemic LT-B-specific IgG titres were detected in birds that received three on-feed doses of SLT102-derived mutant LT. Among the various SLT102-derived mutant LT preparations tested, whole, wet cells or whole cell lysates were the most antigenic. These results demonstrate for the first time that E. coli-derived recombinant, wild-type LT holotoxin is well tolerated following multiple administrations to young birds at body weight doses previously reported to be enteropathogenic and toxic in mammalian species. Moreover, these data also demonstrate the feasibility of using recombinant wild-type and mutant LT produced in transgenic NT-1 tobacco cells as safe and potent vaccine adjuvants in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Miller
- Benchmark BioLabs, Inc., Lincoln, NE 68528-1574, USA.
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31
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Ferreira Oliveira A, Almeida Cardoso S, Bruno dos Reis Almeida F, Licursi de Oliveira L, Pitondo-Silva A, Gomes Soares S, Seixas Hanna E. Oral immunization with attenuated Salmonella vaccine expressing Escherichia coli O157:H7 intimin gamma triggers both systemic and mucosal humoral immunity in mice. Microbiol Immunol 2012; 56:513-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2012.00477.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
During the last two decades, researchers have developed robust systems for recombinant subunit vaccine production in plants. Stably and transiently transformed plants have particular advantages that enable immunization of humans and animals via mucosal delivery. The initial goal to immunize orally by ingestion of plant-derived antigens has proven difficult to attain, although many studies have demonstrated antibody production in both humans and animals, and in a few cases, protection against pathogen challenge. Substantial hurdles for this strategy are low-antigen content in crudely processed plant material and limited antigen stability in the gut. An alternative is intranasal delivery of purified plant-derived antigens expressed with robust viral vectors, especially virus-like particles. The use of pattern recognition receptor agonists as adjuvants for mucosal delivery of plant-derived antigens can substantially enhance serum and mucosal antibody responses. In this chapter, we briefly review the methods for recombinant protein expression in plants, and describe progress with human and animal vaccines that use mucosal delivery routes. We do not attempt to compile a comprehensive list, but focus on studies that progressed to clinical trials or those that showed strong indications of efficacy in animals. Finally, we discuss some regulatory concerns regarding plant-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Mason
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
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Immunogenical Study of Chimeric Recombinant Intimin-Tir of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Mice. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2012. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.14068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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34
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Vilte D, Larzábal M, Mayr U, Garbaccio S, Gammella M, Rabinovitz B, Delgado F, Meikle V, Cantet R, Lubitz P, Lubitz W, Cataldi A, Mercado E. A systemic vaccine based on Escherichia coli O157:H7 bacterial ghosts (BGs) reduces the excretion of E. coli O157:H7 in calves. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 146:169-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Correlating levels of type III secretion and secreted proteins with fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in cattle. Infect Immun 2012; 80:1333-42. [PMID: 22252878 DOI: 10.1128/iai.05869-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (O157) encodes a type III secretion system (T3SS) for secreting LEE-encoded and non-LEE-encoded virulence proteins that promote the adherence of O157 to intestinal epithelial cells and the persistence of this food-borne human pathogen in bovine intestines. In this study, we compared hha sepB and hha mutants of O157 for LEE transcription, T3SS activity, adherence to HEp-2 cells, persistence in bovine intestines, and the ability to induce changes in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. LEE transcription was upregulated in the hha sepB and hha mutant strains compared to that in the wild-type strain, but the secretion of virulence proteins in the hha sepB mutant was severely compromised. This reduced secretion resulted in reduced adherence of the hha sepB mutant to Hep-2 cells, correlating with a significantly shorter duration and lower magnitude of fecal shedding in feces of weaned (n = 4 per group) calves inoculated with this mutant strain. The levels of LEE transcription, T3SS activity, and adherence to HEp-2 cells were much lower in the wild-type strain than in the hha mutant, but no significant differences were observed in the duration or the magnitude of fecal shedding in calves inoculated with these strains. Examination of the rectoanal junction (RAJ) tissues from three groups of calves showed no adherent O157 bacteria and similar proinflammatory cytokine gene expression, irrespective of the inoculated strain, with the exception that interleukin-1β was upregulated in calves inoculated with the hha sepB mutant. These results indicate that the T3SS is essential for intestinal colonization and prolonged shedding, but increased secretion of virulence proteins did not enhance the duration and magnitude of fecal shedding of O157 in cattle or have any significant impact on the cytokine gene expression in RAJ tissue compared with that in small intestinal tissue from the same calves.
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Intestinal damage in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection. Pediatr Nephrol 2011; 26:2059-71. [PMID: 20809220 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-010-1616-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Revised: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) infection leads to marked intestinal injury. Sigmoid colon obtained from two children during EHEC infection exhibited abundant TUNEL-positive cells. To define which bacterial virulence factors contribute to intestinal injury the presence of Shiga toxin-2 (Stx2), intimin and the type III secretion system were correlated with symptoms and intestinal damage. C3H/HeN mice were inoculated with Stx2-producing (86-24) and non-producing (87-23) E. coli O157:H7 strains and 86-24 mutants lacking eae, encoding intimin (strain UMD619) or escN regulating the expression of type III secretion effectors (strain CVD451). Severe symptoms developed in mice inoculated with 86-24 and 87-23. Few mice inoculated with the mutant strains developed severe symptoms. Strain 86-24 exhibited higher fecal bacterial counts, followed by 87-23, whereas strains UMD619 and CVD451 showed minimal fecal counts. More TUNEL-positive cells were found in proximal and distal colons of mice inoculated with strain 86-24 compared with strains 87-23 and CVD451 (p ≤ 0.01) or UMD619 (p < 0.05, proximal colon, p < 0.01, distal colon). The results show that strains 86-24 and 87-23 exhibited better colonic persistence and more symptoms, presumably due to the presence of intimin and type III secretion effectors. Extensive intestinal mucosal cell death was related to the presence of Stx2.
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Immunization of mice with Lactobacillus casei expressing a beta-intimin fragment reduces intestinal colonization by Citrobacter rodentium. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2011; 18:1823-33. [PMID: 21900533 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.05262-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a common cause of diarrhea in children from developing countries. Intimate adhesion of the bacteria to intestinal cells occurs via binding of the adhesin intimin to the TIR receptor exposed on cell surfaces. Here, Lactobacillus casei expressing a fragment of β-intimin (L. casei-Int(cv)) was tested as mucosal vaccines in mice against intestinal colonization with the murine pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. Oral or sublingual immunization of C57BL/6 mice with L. casei-Int(cv) induced anti-Int(cv) IgA in feces but no IgG in sera. Conversely, anti-Int(cv) IgG was induced in the sera of mice after sublingual immunization with purified Int(cv). All vaccines were able to decrease C. rodentium recovery from feces. However, this reduction was more evident and sustained over time in mice immunized with L. casei-Int(cv) by the sublingual route. These mice also displayed an increase in interleukin 6 (IL-6) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) secretion by spleen cells 10 days after infection. Additionally, oral or sublingual immunization of C3H/HePas mice, which are highly susceptible to C. rodentium infection, with L. casei-Int(cv) induced anti-Int(cv) antibodies and significantly increased survival after challenge. Immunohistological analysis of colon sections revealed that C. rodentium was located in deep fractions of the tissue from C3H/HePas mice immunized with L. casei whereas superficial staining was observed in colon sections from mice immunized with L. casei-Int(cv.) The results indicate that vaccines composed of L. casei expressing intimin may represent a promising approach and that the C3H/HePas infection model with C. rodentium can be used to evaluate potential vaccines against EPEC.
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Bhoo SH, Lai H, Ma J, Arntzen CJ, Chen Q, Mason HS. Expression of an immunogenic Ebola immune complex in Nicotiana benthamiana. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2011; 9:807-16. [PMID: 21281425 PMCID: PMC4022790 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2011.00593.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Filoviruses (Ebola and Marburg viruses) cause severe and often fatal haemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates. The US Centers for Disease Control identifies Ebola and Marburg viruses as 'category A' pathogens (defined as posing a risk to national security as bioterrorism agents), which has lead to a search for vaccines that could prevent the disease. Because the use of such vaccines would be in the service of public health, the cost of production is an important component of their development. The use of plant biotechnology is one possible way to cost-effectively produce subunit vaccines. In this work, a geminiviral replicon system was used to produce an Ebola immune complex (EIC) in Nicotiana benthamiana. Ebola glycoprotein (GP1) was fused at the C-terminus of the heavy chain of humanized 6D8 IgG monoclonal antibody, which specifically binds to a linear epitope on GP1. Co-expression of the GP1-heavy chain fusion and the 6D8 light chain using a geminiviral vector in leaves of N. benthamiana produced assembled immunoglobulin, which was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation and protein G affinity chromatography. Immune complex formation was confirmed by assays to show that the recombinant protein bound the complement factor C1q. Size measurements of purified recombinant protein by dynamic light scattering and size-exclusion chromatography also indicated complex formation. Subcutaneous immunization of BALB/C mice with purified EIC resulted in anti-Ebola virus antibody production at levels comparable to those obtained with a GP1 virus-like particle. These results show excellent potential for a plant-expressed EIC as a human vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hee Bhoo
- Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-4501, USA
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Plant Metabolism Research Center Kyung Hee University, Yong-In 446-701, Korea
| | - Huafang Lai
- Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-4501, USA
| | - Julian Ma
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, St. George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE
| | - Charles J. Arntzen
- Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-4501, USA
| | - Qiang Chen
- Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-4501, USA
- College of Technology and Innovation, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA
| | - Hugh S. Mason
- Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-4501, USA
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Gao X, Cai K, Li T, Wang Q, Hou X, Tian R, Liu H, Tu W, Xiao L, Fang L, Luo S, Liu Y, Wang H. Novel fusion protein protects against adherence and toxicity of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in mice. Vaccine 2011; 29:6656-63. [PMID: 21742003 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Infection with Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 may develop into bloody diarrhea, or hemorrhagic uremic syndrome (HUS), which usually causes kidney failure or even death. Considered as the pathogenesis mechanism of E. coli O157:H7 infection, attachment or adhesion that is directly mediated by intimin is the first step of E. coli O157:H7 interaction with its host, and all these serious sequelae are mainly due to Shiga toxins (Stxs) released by E. coli O157:H7. In this study, a novel SSI fusion protein that contains the critical toxin-antigens Stx2B and Stx1B, and the critical adhesion-antigen fragment Int281 was constructed. The protein induced complete immune protection, with both anti-toxin and anti-adhesion effects. The dominant increase in IgG1 and the high level of Th2-typical cytokine (IL-4 and IL-10) expression showed that SSI significantly induced Th2-mediated humoral immune response. In the mouse model, the SSI fusion protein not only elicited neutralizing antibodies against both Stx1 and Stx2 toxins, but also induced a high level of anti-adhesion antibodies. The SSI-immunized mice did not show any pathologic changes. SSI provides evident protection with two-time immunization against a highly lethal dose of E. coli O157:H7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, No. 20 Dongdajie, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, PR China
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Sharma VK, Dean-Nystrom EA, Casey TA. Evaluation of hha and hha sepB mutant strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 as bacterins for reducing E. coli O157:H7 shedding in cattle. Vaccine 2011; 29:5078-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Calderon Toledo C, Arvidsson I, Karpman D. Cross-reactive protection against enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection by enteropathogenic E. coli in a mouse model. Infect Immun 2011; 79:2224-33. [PMID: 21402761 PMCID: PMC3125830 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01024-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) are related attaching and effacing (A/E) pathogens. The genes responsible for the A/E pathology are carried on a chromosomal pathogenicity island termed the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE). Both pathogens share a high degree of homology in the LEE and additional O islands. EHEC prevalence is much lower in areas where EPEC is endemic. This may be due to the development of antibodies against common EPEC and EHEC antigens. This study investigated the hypothesis that EPEC infections may protect against EHEC infections. We used a mouse model to inoculate BALB/c mice intragastrically, first with EPEC and then with EHEC (E. coli O157:H7). Four control groups received either a nonpathogenic E. coli (NPEC) strain followed by EHEC (NPEC/EHEC), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) followed by EHEC (PBS/EHEC), EPEC/PBS, or PBS/PBS. Mice were monitored for weight loss and symptoms. EPEC colonized the intestine after challenge, and mice developed serum antibodies to intimin and E. coli secreted protein B (encoded in the LEE). Prechallenge with an EPEC strain had a protective effect after EHEC infection, as only a few mice developed mild symptoms, from which they recovered. These mice had an increase in body weight similar to that in control animals, and tissue morphology exhibited mild intestinal changes and normal renal histology. All mice that were not prechallenged with the EPEC strain developed mild to severe symptoms after EHEC infection, with weight loss as well as intestinal and renal histopathological changes. These data suggest that EPEC may protect against EHEC infection in this mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Calderon Toledo
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Ida Arvidsson
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Diana Karpman
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Protection against Escherichia coli O157:H7 challenge by immunization of mice with purified Tir proteins. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:989-97. [PMID: 21567195 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0824-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infections cause serious public health problems worldwide. The translocation intimin receptor (Tir) is responsible for adhesion and attaching and effacing lesions. In the current study, we used a mitomycin-treated mouse model to evaluate the efficacy of subcutaneous vs intranasal administration of the recombinant Tir as vaccine. Following immunization, mice were infected with E. coli O157:H7 and faces were monitored for shedding. Mice immunized intrasally with purified Tir proteins produced higher IgG and IgA titers in serum and feces, resulting in significant reductions in fecal shedding of EHEC O157 and higher a survival rate (92.9%), compared with subcutaneous or control immunizations. These results demonstrate the potential for the use of Tir proteins in mucosal vaccine formulations to prevent colonization and shedding of E. coli O157:H7. Therefore, purified Tir protects mice against EHEC challenge after intranasal immunization and is worth further clinical development as a vaccine candidate.
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Xu J, Ge X, Dolan MC. Towards high-yield production of pharmaceutical proteins with plant cell suspension cultures. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 29:278-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2010] [Revised: 12/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Vilte DA, Larzábal M, Garbaccio S, Gammella M, Rabinovitz BC, Elizondo AM, Cantet RJ, Delgado F, Meikle V, Cataldi A, Mercado EC. Reduced faecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in cattle following systemic vaccination with γ-intimin C280 and EspB proteins. Vaccine 2011; 29:3962-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Amani J, Mousavi SL, Rafati S, Salmanian AH. Immunogenicity of a plant-derived edible chimeric EspA, Intimin and Tir of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in mice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 180:620-7. [PMID: 21421410 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 12/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic plants offer the possibility to produce and deliver an oral immunogen on a large-scale with low production costs and minimal purification or enrichment. Cattles are important reservoirs of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and developing a specific immunity in animals would be invaluable. Intimin, Tir, and EspA proteins are the virulence factors expressed by LEE locus of enterohemorrhagic E. coli. We hypothesized that the chimeric recombinant forms of these effectors delivered as an edible-base vaccine would reduce colonization of bacteria in mice. A synthetic gene (eit) composed of espA (e), eae (i) and tir (t) attached by linkers was constructed. The gene was codon optimized and cloned into plant expression vectors adjacent to CaMV35S and FAE promoters for expression in tobacco and canola plants. Of total soluble protein 0.2% and 0.3% (in average) were detected in transgenic tobacco leaves and canola seeds respectively. Mice immunized either subcutaneously or orally with recombinant EIT and challenged with E. coli O157:H7 significantly exhibited reduced bacterial shedding. Application of transgenic plants containing trivalent immunogen is an effective tool for protection against E. coli O157:H7.
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MESH Headings
- Adhesins, Bacterial/genetics
- Adhesins, Bacterial/immunology
- Animals
- Brassica napus/genetics
- Cloning, Molecular
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Escherichia coli O157/genetics
- Escherichia coli O157/immunology
- Escherichia coli O157/pathogenicity
- Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics
- Escherichia coli Proteins/immunology
- Female
- Immunity, Humoral
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Immunization/methods
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Nicotiana/genetics
- Transformation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Amani
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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Wan CS, Zhou Y, Yu Y, Peng LJ, Zhao W, Zheng XL. B-cell epitope KT-12 of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7: a novel peptide vaccine candidate. Microbiol Immunol 2011; 55:247-53. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2011.00316.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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47
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Mohawk KL, O'Brien AD. Mouse models of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection and shiga toxin injection. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:258185. [PMID: 21274267 PMCID: PMC3022220 DOI: 10.1155/2011/258185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 has been responsible for multiple food- and waterborne outbreaks of diarrhea and/or hemorrhagic colitis (HC) worldwide. More importantly, a portion of E. coli O157:H7-infected individuals, particularly young children, develop a life-threatening sequela of infection called hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Shiga toxin (Stx), a potent cytotoxin, is the major virulence factor linked to the presentation of both HC and HUS. Currently, treatment of E. coli O157:H7 and other Stx-producing E. coli (STEC) infections is limited to supportive care. To facilitate development of therapeutic strategies and vaccines for humans against these agents, animal models that mimic one or more aspect of STEC infection and disease are needed. In this paper, we focus on the characteristics of various mouse models that have been developed and that can be used to monitor STEC colonization, disease, pathology, or combinations of these features as well as the impact of Stx alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystle L. Mohawk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Alison D. O'Brien
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Melton-Celsa A, Mohawk K, Teel L, O’Brien A. Pathogenesis of Shiga-Toxin Producing Escherichia coli. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2011; 357:67-103. [DOI: 10.1007/82_2011_176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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49
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Immunogenic properties of chimeric protein from espA, eae and tir genes of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Vaccine 2010; 28:6923-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Revised: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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50
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Wang H, Gu J, Yu S, Zhang W, Zhu Y, Zou Q, Zhu F, Mao X. Characterization of enterohemorrhagicEscherichia coliO157:H7 00B015: a Shiga toxin producing but virulence-attenuated isolate. Can J Microbiol 2010; 56:651-6. [DOI: 10.1139/w10-049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) causes a wide range of systematic diseases in human and animals in 2 main ways: (1) production of Shiga toxin (Stx) and (2) induction of actin polymerization characterized by attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions. Stx is commonly targeted in the development of drugs and vaccines to control EHEC infection for its indispensible contribution to EHEC pathogenisis. In this study, we isolated a Stx-producing EHEC O157:H7 isolate 00B015 and found that its ability to induce actin polymerization was impaired. In addition, it reduces pathogenicity and decreases mortality in mice. Our results report a Stx-producing but virulence-attenuated EHEC isolate 00B015 and suggest that the formation of actin polymerization may help Stx-induced pathogenesis and have a more important contribution in EHEC infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiguang Wang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Gu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Shu Yu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yefei Zhu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Quanming Zou
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Fengcai Zhu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xuhu Mao
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
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