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Gopalakrishnan AV, Kanagaraja A, Sakthivelu M, Devadasan V, Gopinath SCB, Raman P. Role of fatty acids in modulating quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Chromobacterium violaceum: an integrated experimental and computational analysis. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-024-00590-y. [PMID: 39292411 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00590-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The broad-spectrum antibacterial capabilities of fatty acids (FAs) and their reduced propensity to promote resistance have rendered as a promising substitute for conventional antibiotics. The structural significance of fatty acid production with the other lipids is a major energy source, and signal transduction has drawn a great deal of research attention to these biomolecules. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids reduce virulence by preventing harmful opportunistic bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Chromobacterium violaceum from activating their quorum sensing (QS) systems. In this finding, the fatty acids capric acid, caprylic acid, and monoelaidin were selected to evaluate their anti-QS activity against the C. violaceum and P. aeruginosa. At the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and sub-MIC concentration of the three fatty acids, the virulence factor production of both the bacteria was quantified. The virulence factors like EPS, biofilm quantification and visualization, and motility assays were inhibited in the dose-dependent manner (MIC and sub-MIC) for both the organisms whereas this pattern was followed in the pyocyanin, pyoverdine, rhamnolipid, protease of P. aeruginosa and the violacein, and chitinase of C. violaceum. In all these biochemical assays, the capric acid could effectively reduce the production and further validated at gene expression level by RT-qPCR. The study on the gene expression for all these virulence factors reveals that the capric acid inhibited the growth of both the organisms in a higher fold than the caprylic and monoelaidin. The in silico approach of structural validation for the binding of ligands with the proteins in the QS circuit was studied by molecular docking in Schrodinger software. The Las I and Las R in P. aeruginosa and the CviR of C. violaceum protein structures were docked with the selected three fatty acids. The capric acid binds to the pocket with the highest binding score of all the proteins than the caprylic and monoelaidin fatty acids. Thus, capric acid proves to be the therapeutic biomolecule for the anti-QS activity of opportunistic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allwyn Vyas Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chengalpet, Dt. Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abinaya Kanagaraja
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chengalpet, Dt. Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Meenakumari Sakthivelu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chengalpet, Dt. Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Velmurugan Devadasan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chengalpet, Dt. Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
- Department of Technical Sciences, Western Caspian University, Baku, AZ, 1075, Azerbaijan
| | - Pachaiappan Raman
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chengalpet, Dt. Tamil Nadu, India.
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Fan L, Pan J, Zeng J, Guo G, Yang N, Li X, Nafees Ur Rehman M, Zheng J. An outbreak of Providencia rettgeri bacteremia at a Ptyas mucosus farm in Hainan, China. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1353603. [PMID: 39056011 PMCID: PMC11269246 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1353603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim To describe the histopathology and etiology of an outbreak of respiratory disease at a Ptyas mucosus farm in Hainan, China. Methods and results The etiology was confirmed by gross examination and microscopic analysis. The bacterial isolates from blood and internal organs were identified by biochemical analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The virulence and antibiotic resistance characteristics of the isolates were further demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), disk diffusion testing, and LD50 analysis in Kunming mice. Histopathological analysis of the diseased P. mucosus revealed systemic lesions, including severe airway obstruction with large numbers of inflammatory cells and cellulose exudates in the lungs; severe multifocal hepatocyte vacuolar degeneration and necrosis in the liver with excessive inflammatory exudates and chronic granuloma; splenic hemorrhage and partial loss of splenic structure; and renal vascular and interstitial congestion. Providencia rettgeri was isolated from the blood and multiple internal organs (liver, spleen, kidneys, and lungs). All examined isolates (H1, H4, and H13) were multidrug-resistant but sensitive to four antibiotics-cefepime, imipenem, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin. Both H1 and H4 carried five resistance genes [bla OXA, tet(A), tet(B), tet(E), and aac (3)-IIa], whereas H13 only carried the tet(A) gene. The dominant virulence pattern of the three isolates was hlyA + ZapA + luxS + rsbA. The virulence of H1 strain was tested, and its 50% lethal dose (LD50) in mice was 2.29 × 108 CFU ml-1. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe an outbreak of bacteremia caused by P. rettgeri in farmed rat snakes. Significance and impact of the study The results highlight that P. rettgeri is an emerging bacterial pathogen in farmed reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Fan
- Lab of Microbial Engineering (Infection and Immunity), School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jiwen Pan
- Lab of Microbial Engineering (Infection and Immunity), School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, China Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jifeng Zeng
- Lab of Microbial Engineering (Infection and Immunity), School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Hainan Province Key Laboratory of One Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Guiying Guo
- Lab of Microbial Engineering (Infection and Immunity), School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Nou Yang
- Lab of Microbial Engineering (Infection and Immunity), School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Lab of Microbial Engineering (Infection and Immunity), School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Muhammad Nafees Ur Rehman
- Lab of Microbial Engineering (Infection and Immunity), School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jiping Zheng
- Lab of Microbial Engineering (Infection and Immunity), School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Hainan Province Key Laboratory of One Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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Zhu Z, Xu X, Huang J, Xu G, Liu S, Hong F, Chen Y, Yi X, Li H, Li J. Transcriptomic analysis of Vibrio alginolyticus challenged by Rhizoma coptidis reveals mechanisms of virulence genes. Gene 2024; 905:148188. [PMID: 38278336 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Rhizoma coptidis, a Chinese herbal medicine widely used to treat various bacterial infections, has the potential to develop antibiotic substitutes to overcome the drug resistance of Vibrio alginolyticus. To study the inhibitory effect of R. coptidis on V. alginolyticus, we sequenced the transcriptomes of three groups of samples of wild-type V. alginolyticus (CK) and V. alginolyticus, which were stressed by 5 mg/mL R. coptidis for 2 h (RC_2 h) and 4 h (RC_4 h). CK was compared with RC_2 h and RC_4 h, respectively, and a total of 1565 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (988 up-regulated and 577 down-regulated) and 1737 DEGs (1152 up-regulated and 585 down-regulated) were identified. Comparing RC_2 h with RC_4 h, 156 DEGs (114 up-regulated and 42 down-regulated) were identified. The ability of biofilm formation and motility of V. alginolyticus altered upon with different concentrations of R. coptidis. Interestingly, relative expression patterns of virulence genes appeared statistically significantly varied, upon different concentrations of R. coptidis extract. DEGs were annotated to the Gene Ontology (GO) database for function enrichment analysis and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, the results showed that the main enriched pathways, was those related to the virulence of V. alginolyticus. This study provides a new perspective for understanding the complex pathogenic mechanism of V. alginolyticus. R. coptidis could potnetially be used as alternative or complimnetary to antibiotics to treat infections after further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Fujian Province, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - XiaoJin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Fujian Province, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Formula Feed (Fujian Tianma Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd, China.
| | - Jiangyuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Fujian Province, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Genhuang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Fujian Province, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - ShiChao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Fujian Province, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Fei Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Fujian Province, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yunong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Fujian Province, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xin Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Fujian Province, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Huiyao Li
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen 361013, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Fujian Province, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Kim H, Kim MH, Choi UL, Chung MS, Yun CH, Shim Y, Oh J, Lee S, Lee GW. Molecular and Phenotypic Investigation on Antibacterial Activities of Limonene Isomers and Its Oxidation Derivative against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:562-569. [PMID: 38247219 PMCID: PMC11016764 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2311.11016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) causes a devastating bacterial leaf blight in rice. Here, the antimicrobial effects of D-limonene, L-limonene, and its oxidative derivative carveol against Xoo were investigated. We revealed that carveol treatment at ≥ 0.1 mM in liquid culture resulted in significant decrease in Xoo growth rate (> 40%) in a concentration-dependent manner, and over 1 mM, no growth was observed. The treatment with D-limonene and L-limonene also inhibited the Xoo growth but to a lesser extent compared to carveol. These results were further elaborated with the assays of motility, biofilm formation and xanthomonadin production. The carveol treatment over 1 mM caused no motilities, basal level of biofilm formation (< 10%), and significantly reduced xanthomonadin production. The biofilm formation after the treatment with two limonene isomers was decreased in a concentration-dependent manner, but the degree of the effect was not comparable to carveol. In addition, there was negligible effect on the xanthomonadin production mediated by the treatment of two limonene isomers. Field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) unveiled that all three compounds used in this study cause severe ultrastructural morphological changes in Xoo cells, showing shrinking, shriveling, and holes on their surface. Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR revealed that carveol and D-limonene treatment significantly down-regulated the expression levels of genes involved in virulence and biofilm formation of Xoo, but not with L-limonene. Together, we suggest that limonenes and carveol will be the candidates of interest in the development of biological pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonbin Kim
- Green-Bio Division, Jeonju AgroBio-Materials Institute, Jeonju 54810, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Kim
- Green-Bio Division, Jeonju AgroBio-Materials Institute, Jeonju 54810, Republic of Korea
| | - Ui-Lim Choi
- Green-Bio Division, Jeonju AgroBio-Materials Institute, Jeonju 54810, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Soo Chung
- Division of Radiation Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Yun
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkun Shim
- Microzyme Co., Ltd. Research and Development Department, Damyang-gun, Jeollanam-do 57385, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaejun Oh
- Microzyme Co., Ltd. Research and Development Department, Damyang-gun, Jeollanam-do 57385, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbeom Lee
- Division of Radiation Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun Woong Lee
- Green-Bio Division, Jeonju AgroBio-Materials Institute, Jeonju 54810, Republic of Korea
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Bharathi D, Lee JH, Lee J. Enhancement of antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of liposomal fatty acids. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 234:113698. [PMID: 38070368 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms are protected surface-attached communities of bacteria or fungi with high drug tolerance that typically cause persistent infections. Smart drug carriers are being explored as a promising platform of antimicrobials to address their recalcitrance to antibiotic agents and minimize the side effects of current therapies. In this study, soy lecithin liposomes loaded with lauric acid (LA) and myristoleic acid (MA) were formulated using an emulsification method, and their antibiofilm properties were evaluated. The physio-chemical properties of the most potent liposome were characterized using a zeta sizer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. TEM and zeta sizer analysis of the liposome revealed a homogeneous spherical structure with an average size of 159.2 nm and zeta potential of - 5.4 mV. The unilamellar liposomes loaded with LA at 0.1-0.5 µg/mL achieved obvious antibiofilm efficiency against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans and their dual biofilms. Also, LA-loaded liposome formulation efficiently disrupted preformed biofilms of S. aureus and C. albicans. Furthermore, formulated liposomal LA (0.1 µg/mL) exhibited 100-fold increased dual biofilm inhibition compared to LA alone. The single biofilms and dual biofilm formation on polystyrene were reduced as determined by 3D-bright field and scanning electron microscopy. Zeta potential measurements exhibited neutralized surface charge of S. aureus, and the liposomes inhibited hyphae formation in C. albicans. These findings demonstrated that the LA-incorporated liposomes have great potential to become a new, effective, and good antibiofilm agent for treating S. aureus and C. albicans infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaraj Bharathi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Ben Ghorbal SK, Maalej L, Ouzari IH, Chatti A. Implication of Mn-cofactored superoxide dismutase in the tolerance of swarmer Pseudomonas aeruginosa to polymixin, ciprofloxacin and meropenem antibiotics. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:347. [PMID: 37856014 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03801-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The protective role of superoxide dismutase (Sod) against oxidative stress, resulting from the common antibiotic pathway of action, has been studied in the wild type and mutant strains of swarmer Pseudomonas aeruginosa, lacking Cytosolic Mn-Sod (sodM), Fe-Sod (sodB) or both Sods (sodMB).Our results showed that inactivation of sodB genes leads to significant motility defects and tolerance to meropenem. This resistance is correlated with a greater membrane unsaturation as well as an effective intervention of Mn-Sod isoform, in antibiotic tolerance.Moreover, loss of Mn-Sod in sodM mutant, leads to polymixin intolerance and is correlated with membrane unsaturation. Effectivelty, sodM mutant showed an enhanced swarming motility and a conserved rhamnolipid production. Whereas, in the double mutant sodMB, ciprofloxacin tolerance would be linked to an increase in the percentage of saturated fatty acids in the membrane, even in the absence of superoxide dismutase activity.The overall results showed that Mn-Sod has a protective role in the tolerance to antibiotics, in swarmer P.aeruginosa strain. It has been further shown that Sod intervention in antibiotic tolerance is through change in membrane fatty acid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Kloula Ben Ghorbal
- Laboratoire de Traitement des Eaux Usées, Centre de Recherches et Technologies des Eaux Usées Technopole Borj Cedria, BP 273, Soliman, 8020, Tunisie.
| | - Lobna Maalej
- Laboratoire de Traitement des Eaux Usées, Centre de Recherches et Technologies des Eaux Usées Technopole Borj Cedria, BP 273, Soliman, 8020, Tunisie
| | - Imene-Hadda Ouzari
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives (LMBA), Facult e des Sciences de Tunis Campus Universitaire, El Manar II, Tunisie
| | - Abdelwaheb Chatti
- Laboratoire de Traitement des Eaux Usées, Centre de Recherches et Technologies des Eaux Usées Technopole Borj Cedria, BP 273, Soliman, 8020, Tunisie
- Unite de Biochimie des lipides et interactions des macromolécules en Biologie, Laboratoire de Biochimie et biologie moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Zarzouna, Bizerte, 7021, Tunisia
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Ben Ghorbal Salma K, Abdelwahed Inès M, Rim W, Chatti A. Damage of the swarmer Pseudomonas soil isolate cell by UVc as revealed by transmission electron microscopy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 33:1047-1058. [PMID: 35475410 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2068511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The modeling of the response of living organisms to a change in environment is an important issue of current interest. An example is the effect of ultraviolet radiation on biological systems. In this paper, molecular and analytical identification of Pseudomonas isolate were reported. Then, swarmer Pseudomonas cells were exposed to UVc radiations. The spatiotemporal response of swarmer Pseudomonas, to UVc exposure, was followed. Observing alterations in bacterial membrane integrity by electron microscopy can help to clarify the detailed mechanisms of resistance to UVc. The most evident changes were related to membrane structures. In the cytoplasm, the main finding was the appearance of round mesosomes as intracellular bilayered membranes. Another impact of UVc on Pseudomonas was evident from the appearance of additional membrane structures. In accordance with the viability results, UVc-induced ultrastructural changes of Pseudomonas membrane structures were identified, resulting in cell death, through a multistage model of UVc inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kloula Ben Ghorbal Salma
- Laboratoire de Traitement des Rejets Hydriques, Centre des Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux (CERTE), Soliman, Tunisie
| | - Mehri Abdelwahed Inès
- Laboratoire de Traitement des Rejets Hydriques, Centre des Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux (CERTE), Soliman, Tunisie
| | - Werhani Rim
- Laboratoire de Traitement des Rejets Hydriques, Centre des Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux (CERTE), Soliman, Tunisie
| | - Abdelwaheb Chatti
- Laboratoire de Traitement des Rejets Hydriques, Centre des Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux (CERTE), Soliman, Tunisie
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Yi X, Xu X, Chen Y, Xu G, Zhu Z, Li H, Shen H, Lin M, Zhao W, Zheng J, Jiang X. Genetic analysis of Vibrio alginolyticus challenged by Fructus schisandrae reveals the mechanism of virulence genes. Gene 2023; 870:147421. [PMID: 37031882 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to the abusive use of antibiotics, bacterial resistance has become a global problem and poses severe threats to aquaculture. The drug-resistant diseases caused by Vibrio alginolyticus have caused significant economic losses to cultured marine fish. Fructus schisandrae is used to treat inflammatory diseases in China and Japan. There have been no reports of bacterial molecular mechanisms associated with F. schisandrae stress. In this study, the inhibiting effect of F. schisandrae on the growth of V. alginolyticus was detected to understand response mechanisms at the molecular level. The antibacterial tests were analyzed via next-generation deep sequencing technology (RNA sequencing, RNA-seq). Wild V. alginolyticus (CK) was compared with V. alginolyticus, F. schisandrae incubated for 2 h, and V. alginolyticus, F. schisandrae incubated for 4 h. Our results revealed that there were 582 genes (236 upregulated and 346 downregulated) and 1068 genes (376 upregulated and 692 downregulated), respectively. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in the following functional categories: metabolic process, single-organism process, catalytic activity, cellular process, binding, membrane, cell part, cell, and localization. FS_2 h was compared with FS_4 h, and 21 genes (14 upregulated and 7 downregulated) were obtained. The RNA-seq results were validated by detecting the expression levels of 13 genes using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The qRT-PCR results matched those of the sequencing, which reinforced the reliability of the RNA-seq. The results revealed the transcriptional response of V. alginolyticus to F. schisandrae, which will provide new ideas for studying V. alginolyticus' complex virulence molecular mechanism and the possibility of developing Schisandra to prevent and treat drug-resistant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yi
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Province, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - XiaoJin Xu
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Province, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Formula Feed(Fujian Tianma Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd.)
| | - YuNong Chen
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Province, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Formula Feed(Fujian Tianma Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd.)
| | - Genhuang Xu
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Province, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - ZhiQin Zhu
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Province, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Huiyao Li
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen 361013, China
| | - HaoYang Shen
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Province, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Mao Lin
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Province, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Wenyu Zhao
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Province, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jiang Zheng
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Province, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - XingLong Jiang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Province, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Biosynthesis and characterization of yellow pigment from Aspergillus nidulans strain JAS3 isolated from Thirumullavaram, Indian Ocean and its therapeutic activity against clinical pathogens. Biologia (Bratisl) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-023-01337-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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10
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Cho THS, Pick K, Raivio TL. Bacterial envelope stress responses: Essential adaptors and attractive targets. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119387. [PMID: 36336206 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Millions of deaths a year across the globe are linked to antimicrobial resistant infections. The need to develop new treatments and repurpose of existing antibiotics grows more pressing as the growing antimicrobial resistance pandemic advances. In this review article, we propose that envelope stress responses, the signaling pathways bacteria use to recognize and adapt to damage to the most vulnerable outer compartments of the microbial cell, are attractive targets. Envelope stress responses (ESRs) support colonization and infection by responding to a plethora of toxic envelope stresses encountered throughout the body; they have been co-opted into virulence networks where they work like global positioning systems to coordinate adhesion, invasion, microbial warfare, and biofilm formation. We highlight progress in the development of therapeutic strategies that target ESR signaling proteins and adaptive networks and posit that further characterization of the molecular mechanisms governing these essential niche adaptation machineries will be important for sparking new therapeutic approaches aimed at short-circuiting bacterial adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy H S Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kat Pick
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Tracy L Raivio
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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11
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Gmiter D, Kaca W. Into the understanding the multicellular lifestyle of Proteus mirabilis on solid surfaces. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:864305. [PMID: 36118021 PMCID: PMC9478170 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.864305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Indwelling urinary catheterization can lead to the development of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), an important type of nosocomial infection, as well as other medical issues among institutionalized adults. Recently, Proteus mirabilis was highlighted as the important cause of CAUTIs. The pathogenicity of P. mirabilis is dependent on two multicellular types of surface colonization: the adherence and swarming motility. Adhesion, mostly mediated by fimbrial and nonfimbrial adhesins, is important for the initiation of biofilm formation. Moreover, the production of urease frequently results in biofilm crystallization, which leads to the blockage of catheters. The heterologous polymeric matrix of the biofilm offers protection against antibiotics and the host immune system. P. mirabilis displays remarkable motility abilities. After contact with solid surfaces, hyper-flagellated cells are able to rapidly migrate. The importance of swarming motility in CAUTIs development remains controversial; however, it was indicated that swarming cells were able to co-express other virulence factors. Furthermore, flagella are strong immunomodulating proteins. On the other hand, both biofilm formation and swarming motility implicates multiple inter- and intraspecies interactions, which might contribute to the pathogenicity.
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Monteiro KLC, Silva ON, Dos Santos Nascimento IJ, Mendonça Júnior FJB, Aquino PGV, da Silva-Júnior EF, de Aquino TM. Medicinal Chemistry of Inhibitors Targeting Resistant Bacteria. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:1983-2028. [PMID: 35319372 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220321124452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of antibiotics was a revolutionary feat that provided countless health benefits. The identification of penicillin by Alexander Fleming initiated the era of antibiotics, represented by constant discoveries that enabled effective treatments for the different classes of diseases caused by bacteria. However, the indiscriminate use of these drugs allowed the emergence of resistance mechanisms of these microorganisms against the available drugs. In addition, the constant discoveries in the 20th century generated a shortage of new molecules, worrying health agencies and professionals about the appearance of multidrug-resistant strains against available drugs. In this context, the advances of recent years in molecular biology and microbiology have allowed new perspectives in drug design and development, using the findings related to the mechanisms of bacterial resistance to generate new drugs that are not affected by such mechanisms and supply new molecules to be used to treat resistant bacterial infections. Besides, a promising strategy against bacterial resistance is the combination of drugs through adjuvants, providing new expectations in designing new antibiotics and new antimicrobial therapies. Thus, this manuscript will address the main mechanisms of bacterial resistance under the understanding of medicinal chemistry, showing the main active compounds against efflux mechanisms, and also the application of the use of drug delivery systems, and finally, the main potential natural products as adjuvants or with promising activity against resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadja Luana Chagas Monteiro
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Osmar Nascimento Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Center of Anápolis, Unievangélica, 75083-515, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Igor José Dos Santos Nascimento
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edeildo Ferreira da Silva-Júnior
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Thiago Mendonça de Aquino
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
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13
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Gu M, Cheng J, Lee YG, Cho JH, Suh JW. Discovery of Novel Iminosugar Compounds Produced by Lactobacillus paragasseri MJM60645 and Their Anti-Biofilm Activity against Streptococcus mutans. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0112222. [PMID: 35863019 PMCID: PMC9431463 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01122-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity contains a number of microbes. They interact with each other and play an important role in human health. Among oral cariogenic microbes, Streptococcus mutans is recognized a major etiological bacteria of dental caries. Lactobacilli strains have been promoted as possible probiotic agents against S. mutans. However, their inhibitory mechanism has not been well elucidated yet. In the present study, two new compounds with strong antibiofilm activities were purified from the culture supernatant of Lactobacillus paragasseri MJM60645, which was isolated from the human oral cavity. These compounds showed strong inhibitory activities against S. mutans biofilm formation, with IC50 (concentration at which 50% biofilm was inhibited) of 30.4 μM for compound 1 and 18.9 μM for compound 2. However, these compounds did not show bactericidal activities against S. mutans. Structure elucidation by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry showed that compound 1 was composed of two arabinofuranose iminosugars jointed with one glycerol and oleic acid, and compound 2 was composed of two arabinofuranose iminosugars jointed with one glycerol and nervonic acid. To the best of our knowledge, these structures were discovered for the first time in this study. Treatment of S. mutans with compound 1 strongly downregulated expression levels of genes related to biofilm formation, including gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, gbpB, brpA, spaP, ftf, and smu0630 without affecting the expression of comDE or relA. This study provides new insights into novel molecules produced by Lactobacillus to regulate the pathogenesis of S. mutans, facilitating a better understanding of the mechanism for interactions between Lactobacillus and S. mutans. IMPORTANCE In this study, we isolated lactic acid bacteria that inhibit streptococcal biofilm from the oral cavity of infants and identified two novel compounds from the supernatant of their culture broth. The two compounds are structurally similar, and both consist of iminosugars, glycerol, and unsaturated fatty acid. A search of the SciFinder database revealed that these structures are novel and were discovered for the first time in this study. Mechanism studies have shown that these compounds can inhibit the expression of biofilm synthesis-related genes. This is the first report that lactic acid bacteria inhibit streptococcal biofilms by small molecules with new chemical structures. This study not only expands the understanding of natural products derived from lactic acid bacteria but also provides a new paradigm for the understanding of the interaction of bacteria in the oral microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkun Gu
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biomodulation, Myongji University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhua Cheng
- Myongji Bioefficacy Research Center, Myongji University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Geun Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hyung Cho
- Myongji Bioefficacy Research Center, Myongji University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Won Suh
- Myongji Bioefficacy Research Center, Myongji University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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Elken EM, Tan ZN, Wang Q, Jiang XY, Wang Y, Wang YM, Ma HX. Impact of Sub-MIC Eugenol on Klebsiella pneumoniae Biofilm Formation via Upregulation of rcsB. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:945491. [PMID: 35903134 PMCID: PMC9315372 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.945491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rcs phosphorelay system is present in many members of the Enterobacteriaceae. The aim of this study was to illustrate the possible mechanisms of eugenol on ultimate targets of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) Rcs phosphorelay, rcsB, and impact on biofilm formation. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of eugenol against K. pneumoniae KP1 and KP1 ΔrcsB strain was determined using the 2-fold micro-dilution method. Biofilm was measured by crystal violet staining. Transcriptome sequencing was performed to investigate sub-MIC eugenol on K. pneumoniae, and gene expression at mRNA level was analyzed by RT-qPCR. In vitro biofilm formation test and molecular docking were used to evaluate the effect of eugenol and to predict potential interactions with RcsB. MicroScale Thermophoresis (MST) was conducted for further validation. MIC of eugenol against K. pneumoniae KP1 and KP1 ΔrcsB strain was both 200 μg/ml. Transcriptome sequencing and RT-qPCR results indicated that rpmg, degP, rnpA, and dapD were downregulated, while rcsB, rcsD, rcsA, yiaG, and yiaD were upregulated in the eugenol-treated group. ΔrcsB exhibited a weakened biofilm formation capacity. Additional isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactoside (IPTG) hinders biofilm formation, while sub-MIC eugenol could promote biofilm formation greatly. Docking analysis revealed that eugenol forms more hydrophobic bonds than hydrogen bonds. MST assay also showed a weak binding affinity between eugenol and RcsB. These results provide significant evidence that rcsB plays a key role in K. pneumoniae biofilm formation. Sub-MIC eugenol facilitates biofilm formation to a large extent instead of inhibiting it. Our findings reveal the potential risk of natural anti-biofilm ingredients at sub-MIC to treat drug-resistance bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Mohammed Elken
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- The Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drug Research and Development of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Egypt
| | - Zi-ning Tan
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- The Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drug Research and Development of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Qian Wang
- The 3nd Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiu-yun Jiang
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- The Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drug Research and Development of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- The Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Drug Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- The Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drug Research and Development of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi-ming Wang
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- The Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drug Research and Development of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Yi-ming Wang
| | - Hong-xia Ma
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- The Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drug Research and Development of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- The Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Drug Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Hong-xia Ma
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Kim Y, Lee J, Park S, Kim S, Lee J. Inhibition of polymicrobial biofilm formation by saw palmetto oil, lauric acid and myristic acid. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:590-602. [PMID: 34156757 PMCID: PMC8867970 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are communities of bacteria, fungi or yeasts that form on diverse biotic or abiotic surfaces, and play important roles in pathogenesis and drug resistance. A generic saw palmetto oil inhibited biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and fungal Candida albicans without affecting their planktonic cell growth. Two main components of the oil, lauric acid and myristic acid, are responsible for this antibiofilm activity. Their antibiofilm activities were observed in dual-species biofilms as well as three-species biofilms of S. aureus, E. coli O157:H7 and C. albicans. Transcriptomic analysis showed that lauric acid and myristic acid repressed the expressions of haemolysin genes (hla and hld) in S. aureus, several biofilm-related genes (csgAB, fimH and flhD) in E. coli and hypha cell wall gene HWP1 in C. albicans, which supported biofilm inhibition. Also, saw palmetto oil, lauric acid and myristic acid reduced virulence of three microbes in a nematode infection model and exhibited minimal cytotoxicity. Furthermore, combinatorial treatment of fatty acids and antibiotics showed synergistic antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus and E. coli O157:H7. These results demonstrate that saw palmetto oil and its main fatty acids might be useful for controlling bacterial infections as well as multispecies biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong‐Guy Kim
- School of Chemical EngineeringYeungnam University280 Daehak‐RoGyeongsanKorea
| | - Jin‐Hyung Lee
- School of Chemical EngineeringYeungnam University280 Daehak‐RoGyeongsanKorea
| | - Sunyoung Park
- School of Chemical EngineeringYeungnam University280 Daehak‐RoGyeongsanKorea
| | - Sanghun Kim
- School of Chemical EngineeringYeungnam University280 Daehak‐RoGyeongsanKorea
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical EngineeringYeungnam University280 Daehak‐RoGyeongsanKorea
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16
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Lin WY, Lee YJ, Yu PH, Tsai YL, She PY, Li TS, Liaw SJ. The QseEF Two-Component System-GlmY Small RNA Regulatory Pathway Controls Swarming in Uropathogenic Proteus mirabilis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010487. [PMID: 35008912 PMCID: PMC8745638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial sensing of environmental signals through the two-component system (TCS) plays a key role in modulating virulence. In the search for the host hormone-sensing TCS, we identified a conserved qseEGF locus following glmY, a small RNA (sRNA) gene in uropathogenic Proteus mirabilis. Genes of glmY-qseE-qseG-qseF constitute an operon, and QseF binding sites were found in the glmY promoter region. Deletion of glmY or qseF resulted in reduced swarming motility and swarming-related phenotypes relative to the wild-type and the respective complemented strains. The qseF mutant had decreased glmYqseEGF promoter activity. Both glmY and qseF mutants exhibited decreased flhDC promoter activity and mRNA level, while increased rcsB mRNA level was observed in both mutants. Prediction by TargetRNA2 revealed cheA as the target of GlmY. Then, construction of the translational fusions containing various lengths of cheA 5′UTR for reporter assay and site-directed mutagenesis were performed to investigate the cheA-GlmY interaction in cheA activation. Notably, loss of glmY reduced the cheA mRNA level, and urea could inhibit swarming in a QseF-dependent manner. Altogether, this is the first report elucidating the underlying mechanisms for modulation of swarming motility by a QseEF-regulated sRNA GlmY, involving expression of cheA, rcsB and flhDC in uropathogenic P. mirabilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yuan Lin
- Department and Graduate Institute of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan; (W.-Y.L.); (Y.-L.T.); (P.-Y.S.); (T.-S.L.)
| | - Yuan-Ju Lee
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan;
| | - Ping-Hung Yu
- Department of Nursing, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung City 404348, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Lin Tsai
- Department and Graduate Institute of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan; (W.-Y.L.); (Y.-L.T.); (P.-Y.S.); (T.-S.L.)
| | - Pin-Yi She
- Department and Graduate Institute of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan; (W.-Y.L.); (Y.-L.T.); (P.-Y.S.); (T.-S.L.)
| | - Tzung-Shian Li
- Department and Graduate Institute of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan; (W.-Y.L.); (Y.-L.T.); (P.-Y.S.); (T.-S.L.)
| | - Shwu-Jen Liaw
- Department and Graduate Institute of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan; (W.-Y.L.); (Y.-L.T.); (P.-Y.S.); (T.-S.L.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-02-23123456 (ext. 6911)
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Gazel D, Zer Y, Büyüktaş Manay A, Akdoğan H. Inhibition of swarming motility using in vitro hyperthermia. J Therm Biol 2021; 100:102955. [PMID: 34503816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hyperthermia is a therapeutic technique in which body tissue is exposed to temperatures in the region of 40-45 °C to induce a physiological or biological effect. Swarming motility is an important virulence factor for Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and swarming phenomenon is a coordinated multicellular movement of differentiated bacterial population over semi-solid surfaces. In this study, we aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of hyperthermia on bacterial swarming motility using a modified thermobiogram method and show the potential of this thermal method to treat bacterial infections. Ten P. mirabilis and 10 P. aeruginosa clinical isolates were included in the study. Sheep blood agar (SBA) plates were prepared and inoculated with bacterial suspensions of clinical isolates. Inoculated SBA plates were incubated inside 2 different incubators; at 37 °C and 45 °C for 20 h. The diameter of bacterial growing zones (swarming diameters) were measured every 2 h and noted. Finally, Gram stains of the isolates were prepared for microscopic examination. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the swarming inhibition rates of the isolates incubated at 37 °C and 45 °C. Regarding P. mirabilis species, a significant difference was found between two different temperatures (P = 0.0078). So, a temperature at the level of hyperthermia significantly inhibited the swarming motility of P. mirabilis isolates. In addition, transformation to coccus form was observed at 45 °C. We speculate that these findings might be useful for employing thermal therapies including hyperthermia method to treat infectious diseases caused by swarming bacterial pathogens in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Gazel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey.
| | - Yasemin Zer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey.
| | - Ayşe Büyüktaş Manay
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey.
| | - Hüseyin Akdoğan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey.
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Hu XM, Zhang J, Ding WY, Liang X, Wan R, Dobretsov S, Yang JL. Reduction of mussel metamorphosis by inactivation of the bacterial thioesterase gene via alteration of the fatty acid composition. BIOFOULING 2021; 37:911-921. [PMID: 34620016 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2021.1981882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism underlying modulation of metamorphosis of the bivalve Mytilus coruscus by bacteria remains unclear. Here, the functional role of the thioesterase gene tesA of the bacterium Pseudoalteromonas marina in larval metamorphosis was examined. The aim was to determine whether inactivation of the tesA gene altered the biofilm-inducing capacity, bacterial cell motility, biopolymers, or the intracellular c-di-GMP levels. Complete inactivation of tesA increased the c-di-GMP content in P. marina, accompanied by a reduced fatty acid content, weaker motility, upregulation of bacterial aggregation, and biofilm formation. The metamorphosis rate of mussel larvae on ΔtesA biofilms was reduced by ∼ 80% compared with those settling on wild-type P. marina. Exogenous addition of a mixture of extracted fatty acids from P. marina into the ΔtesA biofilms promoted the biofilm-inducing capacity. This study suggests that the bacterial thioesterase gene tesA altered the fatty acid composition of ΔtesA P. marina biofilms (BF) through regulation of its c-di-GMP, subsequently impacting mussel metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Meng Hu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Junbo Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wen-Yang Ding
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiao Liang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Rong Wan
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai, PR China
- Zhoushan Branch of National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Zhoushan, PR China
| | - Sergey Dobretsov
- Department of Marine Science and Fisheries, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Center of Excellence in Marine Biotechnology, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Jin-Long Yang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, PR China
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19
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Gazel D, Demirbakan H, Erinmez M. In vitro activity of hyperthermia on swarming motility and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Proteus mirabilis isolates. Int J Hyperthermia 2021; 38:1002-1012. [PMID: 34180748 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2021.1943546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Swarming motility is a virulence factor for Proteus mirabilis and is a coordinated multicellular movement of bacteria. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of hyperthermia on bacterial swarming motility and antimicrobial resistance. METHODS Thirty-one P. mirabilis isolates were included in the study. Seven inoculated agar plates were incubated inside incubators with increasing temperature levels: at 36 °C (control) and 40-45 °C. On the next day, inhibition of swarming was evaluated and minimum paralyzing temperature (MPT) values were determined. An antimicrobial susceptibility test (antibiogram) is performed by exposing bacteria to increasing concentrations of antibiotics, in vitro. Thus, we used the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test as a screening method to analyze the antibiogram profiles of the isolates at 36 °C and 42 °C. Finally, a time-kill assay was performed to analyze the killing effect of hyperthermia (42 °C) on planktonic bacteria, in combination with the antibiotic meropenem at the first and third hours. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the killing effects of meropenem, hyperthermia and their combinations. RESULTS The median MPT value was determined as 44 °C. In the disk diffusion assay, susceptibility development was observed in 94% of isolates for at least one antibiotic. In the time-kill assay, we observed a significant killing effect of hyperthermia in combination with meropenem. Under the microscope, we observed the formation of spherical cells by the effect of heat. CONCLUSION We conclude that these findings might be useful when employing the hyperthermia method to treat infectious diseases caused by P. mirabilis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Gazel
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Hadiye Demirbakan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Sanko University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Erinmez
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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20
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Kengmo Tchoupa A, Eijkelkamp BA, Peschel A. Bacterial adaptation strategies to host-derived fatty acids. Trends Microbiol 2021; 30:241-253. [PMID: 34218980 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) are potent antimicrobials which hold great promise as viable alternatives or complements to conventional antibiotics. Intriguingly, bacteria are well equipped to use environmental FAs as energy sources and/or building blocks for their membrane lipids. Furthermore, these microbes display a wide array of mechanisms to prevent or mitigate FA toxicity. In this review we discuss strategies that bacteria use to thrive despite extensive exposure to host-derived antimicrobial FAs. We also highlight the altered response of these FA-adapted bacteria to antibiotics. Given the ubiquitous nature of FAs in various host environments, deciphering bacterial adaptation strategies to FAs is of prime importance. This knowledge may pave the way for a rational design of FA-based combination therapies with antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Kengmo Tchoupa
- Department of Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence 'Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections', University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Bart A Eijkelkamp
- Molecular Sciences and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andreas Peschel
- Department of Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence 'Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections', University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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21
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Jin X, Zhou J, Richey G, Wang M, Hong SMC, Hong SH. Undecanoic Acid, Lauric Acid, and N-Tridecanoic Acid Inhibit Escherichia coli Persistence and Biofilm Formation. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:130-136. [PMID: 33046677 PMCID: PMC8513074 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2008.08027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Persister cell formation and biofilms of pathogens are extensively involved in the development of chronic infectious diseases. Eradicating persister cells is challenging, owing to their tolerance to conventional antibiotics, which cannot kill cells in a metabolically dormant state. A high frequency of persisters in biofilms makes inactivating biofilm cells more difficult, because the biofilm matrix inhibits antibiotic penetration. Fatty acids may be promising candidates as antipersister or antibiofilm agents, because some fatty acids exhibit antimicrobial effects. We previously reported that fatty acid ethyl esters effectively inhibit Escherichia coli persister formation by regulating an antitoxin. In this study, we screened a fatty acid library consisting of 65 different fatty acid molecules for altered persister formation. We found that undecanoic acid, lauric acid, and N-tridecanoic acid inhibited E. coli BW25113 persister cell formation by 25-, 58-, and 44-fold, respectively. Similarly, these fatty acids repressed persisters of enterohemorrhagic E. coli EDL933. These fatty acids were all medium-chain saturated forms. Furthermore, the fatty acids repressed Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) biofilm formation (for example, by 8-fold for lauric acid) without having antimicrobial activity. This study demonstrates that medium-chain saturated fatty acids can serve as antipersister and antibiofilm agents that may be applied to treat bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Jin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Jiacheng Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Gabriella Richey
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Mengya Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Sung Min Choi Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Seok Hoon Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
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22
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Juárez-Rodríguez MM, Cortes-López H, García-Contreras R, González-Pedrajo B, Díaz-Guerrero M, Martínez-Vázquez M, Rivera-Chávez JA, Soto-Hernández RM, Castillo-Juárez I. Tetradecanoic Acids With Anti-Virulence Properties Increase the Pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Murine Cutaneous Infection Model. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:597517. [PMID: 33585272 PMCID: PMC7876447 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.597517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Blocking virulence is a promising alternative to counteract Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. In this regard, the phenomenon of cell-cell communication by quorum sensing (QS) is an important anti-virulence target. In this field, fatty acids (FA) have gained notoriety for their role as autoinducers, as well as anti-virulence molecules in vitro, like some saturated FA (SAFA). In this study, we analyzed the anti-virulence activity of SAFA with 12 to18 carbon atoms and compared their effect with the putative autoinducer cis-2-decenoic acid (CDA). The effect of SAFA on six QS-regulated virulence factors and on the secretion of the exoenzyme ExoU was evaluated. In addition, a murine cutaneous infection model was used to determine their influence on the establishment and damage caused by P. aeruginosa PA14. Dodecanoic (lauric, C12:0) and tetradecanoic (myristic, C14:0) acids (SAFA C12-14) reduced the production of pyocyanin by 35-58% at 40 and 1,000 µM, while CDA inhibited it 62% at a 3.1 µM concentration. Moreover, the SAFA C12-14 reduced swarming by 90% without affecting biofilm formation. In contrast, CDA reduced the biofilm by 57% at 3 µM but did not affect swarming. Furthermore, lauric and myristic acids abolished ExoU secretion at 100 and 50 µM respectively, while CDA reduced it by ≈ 92% at 100 µM. Remarkably, the coadministration of myristic acid (200 and 1,000 µM) with P. aeruginosa PA14 induced greater damage and reduced survival of the animals up to 50%, whereas CDA to 500 µM reduced the damage without affecting the viability of the PA14 strain. Hence, our results show that SAFA C12-14 and CDA have a role in regulation of P. aeruginosa virulence, although their inhibition/activation molecular mechanisms are different in complex environments such as in vivo systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Humberto Cortes-López
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, Posgrado de Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo García-Contreras
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Bertha González-Pedrajo
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Miguel Díaz-Guerrero
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Mariano Martínez-Vázquez
- Departamento de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Alberto Rivera-Chávez
- Departamento de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Israel Castillo-Juárez
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, Posgrado de Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, Mexico
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In vitro antagonistic inhibitory effects of palm seed crude oils and their main constituent, lauric acid, with oxacillin in Staphylococcus aureus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:177. [PMID: 33420288 PMCID: PMC7794437 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80481-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus are a serious global threat, and with the emergence of antibiotic resistance, even more difficult to treat. One of the possible complications in antistaphylococcal therapy represents negative interactions of antibiotics with food. In this study, the in vitro interaction between oxacillin and crude palm seed oil from Astrocaryum vulgare, Cocos nucifera, and Elaeis guineensis against nine strains of S. aureus was determined using the checkerboard method. Lauric acid was identified as a major constituent of all tested oils by gas chromatography. The results showed strong concentration dependent antagonistic interactions between palm oils and oxacillin with values of fractional inhibitory concentrations indices ranging from 4.02 to 8.56 at concentrations equal or higher than 1024 µg/mL of the tested oils. Similarly, lauric acid in combination with oxacillin produced antagonistic action with fractional inhibitory concentration indices ranging from 4.01 to 4.28 at 1024 µg/mL. These findings suggest that interference between oxacillin and palm oils and their constituents can negatively affect the treatment of staphylococcal infections in humans and other animals.
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24
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Mohamed AMHA, Sorokin VV, Skladnev DA, Shevlyagina NV, Zhukhovitsky VG, Pshenichnikova AB. Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Methylophilus quaylei, Characterization and Its Impact on Established Biofilms. BIONANOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-020-00780-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Kumar P, Lee JH, Beyenal H, Lee J. Fatty Acids as Antibiofilm and Antivirulence Agents. Trends Microbiol 2020; 28:753-768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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A CpxR-Regulated zapD Gene Involved in Biofilm Formation of Uropathogenic Proteus mirabilis. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00207-20. [PMID: 32284373 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00207-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis, a frequent uropathogen, forms extensive biofilms on catheters that are infamously difficult to treat. To explore the mechanisms of biofilm formation by P. mirabilis, we performed in vivo transposon mutagenesis. A mutant with impaired biofilm formation was isolated. The mutant was found to have Tn5 inserted in the zapD gene, encoding an outer membrane protein of the putative type 1 secretion system ZapBCD. zapBCD and its upstream zapA gene, encoding a protease, constitute an operon under the control of CpxR, a two-component regulator. The cpxR mutant and zapA mutant strains also had a biofilm-forming defect. CpxR positively regulates the promoter activities of zapABCD, cpxP, and cpxR An electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that CpxR binds zapA promoter DNA. The loss of zapD reduced CpxR-regulated gene expression of cpxR, zapA, cpxP, and mrpA, the mannose-resistant Proteus-like (MR/P) fimbrial major subunit gene. The restoration of biofilm formation in the zapD mutant with a CpxR-expressing plasmid reinforces the idea that CpxR-mediated gene expression contributes to zapD-involved biofilm formation. In trans expression of zapBCD from a zapBCD-expressing plasmid also reestablished the biofilm formation ability of the cpxR mutant to a certain level. The zapD and cpxR mutants had significantly lower protease activity, adhesion, and autoaggregation ability and production of exopolysaccharides and extracellular DNA (eDNA) than did the wild type. Finally, we identified copper as a signal for CpxR to increase biofilm formation. The loss of cpxR or zapD abolished the copper-mediated biofilm upshift. CpxR was required for copper-induced expression of zapA and cpxR Taken together, these data highlight the important role of CpxR-regulated zapD in biofilm formation and the underlying mechanisms in P. mirabilis.
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Pearson MM. Culture Methods for Proteus mirabilis. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2020; 2021:5-13. [PMID: 31309491 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9601-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis is generally easy to culture, but its tendency to swarm on a wide variety of media can interfere with isolation of single colonies or identification of other species in a sample. Therefore, specialized media may be needed to control swarming or to study the bacteria under chemically defined conditions. Here, methods are described for routine culture of P. mirabilis, isolation of P. mirabilis from mixed cultures, and culture of P. mirabilis on physiologically relevant media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie M Pearson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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28
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Kordes A, Grahl N, Koska M, Preusse M, Arce-Rodriguez A, Abraham WR, Kaever V, Häussler S. Establishment of an induced memory response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa during infection of a eukaryotic host. THE ISME JOURNAL 2019; 13:2018-2030. [PMID: 30952997 PMCID: PMC6775985 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0412-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In a given habitat, bacterial cells often experience recurrent exposures to the same environmental stimulus. The ability to memorize the past event and to adjust current behaviors can lead to efficient adaptation to the recurring stimulus. Here we demonstrate that the versatile bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa adopts a virulence phenotype after serial passage in the invertebrate model host Galleria mellonella. The virulence phenotype was not linked to the acquisition of genetic variations and was sustained for several generations, despite cultivation of the ex vivo virulence-adapted P. aeruginosa cells under rich medium conditions in vitro. Transcriptional reprogramming seemed to be induced by a host-specific food source, as reprogramming was also observed upon cultivation of P. aeruginosa in rich medium supplemented with polyunsaturated long-chain fatty acids. The establishment of induced memory responses adds a time dimension and seems to fill the gap between long-term evolutionary genotypic adaptation and short-term induced individual responses. Efforts to unravel the fundamental mechanisms that underlie the carry-over effect to induce such memory responses will continue to be of importance as hysteretic behavior can serve survival of bacterial populations in changing and challenging habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Kordes
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Nora Grahl
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Michal Koska
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Matthias Preusse
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, 38124, Germany
| | - Alejandro Arce-Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, 38124, Germany
| | - Wolf-Rainer Abraham
- Department of Chemical Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, 38124, Germany
| | - Volkhard Kaever
- Research Core Unit Metabolomics and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Susanne Häussler
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, 30625, Germany.
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, 38124, Germany.
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29
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Durgadevi R, Veera Ravi A, Alexpandi R, Krishnan Swetha T, Abirami G, Vishnu S, Karutha Pandian S. Virulence targeted inhibitory effect of linalool against the exclusive uropathogen Proteus mirabilis. BIOFOULING 2019; 35:508-525. [PMID: 31144520 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2019.1619704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis is one of the leading causes of catheter-associated UTIs (CAUTI) in individuals with prolonged urinary catheterization. Since, biofilm assisted antibiotic resistance is reported to complicate the treatment strategies of P. mirabilis infections, the present study was aimed to attenuate biofilm and virulence factor production in P. mirabilis. Linalool is a naturally occurring monoterpene alcohol found in a wide range of flowers and spice plants and has many biological applications. In this study, linalool exhibited concentration dependent anti-biofilm activity against crystalline biofilm of P. mirabilis through reduced production of the virulence enzyme urease that raises the urinary pH and drives the formation of crystals (struvite) in the biofilm. The results of q-PCR analysis unveiled the down regulation of biofilm/virulence associated genes upon linalool treatment, which was in correspondence with the in vitro bioassays. Thus, this study reports the feasibility of linalool acting as a promising anti-biofilm agent against P. mirabilis mediated CAUTI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rajaiah Alexpandi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University , Tamil Nadu , India
| | | | - Gurusamy Abirami
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Selvam Vishnu
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University , Tamil Nadu , India
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30
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Ghorbal SKB, Chourabi K, Maalej L, Ammar AB, Ouzari HI, Hassen A, Jaafoura H, Chatti A. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Swarmer Cells Adaptation Toward UVc Radiations. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:556. [PMID: 31001210 PMCID: PMC6454200 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Swarming is the most rapid surface motility allowing Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria to rapidly colonize new surfaces. However, swarming behavior is affected by environmental factors like ultraviolet irradiation (UVc). UVc radiation is the most disinfection technology usually applied for wastewater and proven to be effective to inactivate microorganisms. However, efficiency against motile bacteria is not yet studied. This study aims to explain the mechanisms of resistance of swarmer P. aeruginosa cells toward UVc exposure. P. aeruginosa liquid cultures were allowed to swarm across a semisolid surface for 18 h and directly exposed to UVc radiations. Emergent swarmer colonies, revealed after re-incubation, were selected to study biofilm formation, fatty acid (FA) composition, and ultrastructure. Our results showed that membrane adaptation to UVc radiations was seen in Pseudomonas cells by an increase of cyclic fatty acid (CFA) content, confirming the role of cyclopropane in radio-resistance of swarmer cells. Furthermore, electron microscopic study confirmed that over production of S-layer is believed to be a protective form adopted by P. aeruginosa swarmer cells to resist after 5 min of UVc exposure. Moreover, membrane disintegration is the lethal effect observed after 15 min of UVc exposure. In the other hand, study of biofilm production showed an enhancement of biofilm formation, of swarmer cells mainly after 15 min of UVc exposure. There results confirmed that swarming process is highly correlated with particular FA composition of P. aeruginosa membrane and that radio-resistance of swarmer cells is highly supported by CFA biosynthesis and S-layer overproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Kloula Ben Ghorbal
- Laboratoire de Traitement des Rejets Hydriques, Centre des Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux, Technopôle Borj Cedria, Nabeul, Tunisia
| | - Kalthoum Chourabi
- Laboratoire de Traitement des Rejets Hydriques, Centre des Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux, Technopôle Borj Cedria, Nabeul, Tunisia
| | - Lobna Maalej
- Laboratoire de Traitement des Rejets Hydriques, Centre des Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux, Technopôle Borj Cedria, Nabeul, Tunisia
| | - Aouatef Ben Ammar
- Service Commun de Microscopie Électronique à Transmission, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hadda-Imene Ouzari
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Physiques et Naturelles de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abdenaceur Hassen
- Laboratoire de Traitement des Rejets Hydriques, Centre des Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux, Technopôle Borj Cedria, Nabeul, Tunisia
| | - Habib Jaafoura
- Service Commun de Microscopie Électronique à Transmission, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abdelwaheb Chatti
- Laboratoire de Traitement des Rejets Hydriques, Centre des Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux, Technopôle Borj Cedria, Nabeul, Tunisia
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Pelling H, Nzakizwanayo J, Milo S, Denham EL, MacFarlane WM, Bock LJ, Sutton JM, Jones BV. Bacterial biofilm formation on indwelling urethral catheters. Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 68:277-293. [PMID: 30811615 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Urethral catheters are the most commonly deployed medical devices and used to manage a wide range of conditions in both hospital and community care settings. The use of long-term catheterization, where the catheter remains in place for a period >28 days remains common, and the care of these patients is often undermined by the acquisition of infections and formation of biofilms on catheter surfaces. Particular problems arise from colonization with urease-producing species such as Proteus mirabilis, which form unusual crystalline biofilms that encrust catheter surfaces and block urine flow. Encrustation and blockage often lead to a range of serious clinical complications and emergency hospital referrals in long-term catheterized patients. Here we review current understanding of bacterial biofilm formation on urethral catheters, with a focus on crystalline biofilm formation by P. mirabilis, as well as approaches that may be used to control biofilm formation on these devices. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Urinary catheters are the most commonly used medical devices in many healthcare systems, but their use predisposes to infection and provide ideal conditions for bacterial biofilm formation. Patients managed by long-term urethral catheterization are particularly vulnerable to biofilm-related infections, with crystalline biofilm formation by urease producing species frequently leading to catheter blockage and other serious clinical complications. This review considers current knowledge regarding biofilm formation on urethral catheters, and possible strategies for their control.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pelling
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - J Nzakizwanayo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | - S Milo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | - E L Denham
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | - W M MacFarlane
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - L J Bock
- National Infections Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - J M Sutton
- National Infections Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - B V Jones
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
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Abstract
Proteus mirabilis, a Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium most noted for its swarming motility and urease activity, frequently causes catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) that are often polymicrobial. These infections may be accompanied by urolithiasis, the development of bladder or kidney stones due to alkalinization of urine from urease-catalyzed urea hydrolysis. Adherence of the bacterium to epithelial and catheter surfaces is mediated by 17 different fimbriae, most notably MR/P fimbriae. Repressors of motility are often encoded by these fimbrial operons. Motility is mediated by flagella encoded on a single contiguous 54-kb chromosomal sequence. On agar plates, P. mirabilis undergoes a morphological conversion to a filamentous swarmer cell expressing hundreds of flagella. When swarms from different strains meet, a line of demarcation, a "Dienes line," develops due to the killing action of each strain's type VI secretion system. During infection, histological damage is caused by cytotoxins including hemolysin and a variety of proteases, some autotransported. The pathogenesis of infection, including assessment of individual genes or global screens for virulence or fitness factors has been assessed in murine models of ascending urinary tract infections or CAUTIs using both single-species and polymicrobial models. Global gene expression studies performed in culture and in the murine model have revealed the unique metabolism of this bacterium. Vaccines, using MR/P fimbria and its adhesin, MrpH, have been shown to be efficacious in the murine model. A comprehensive review of factors associated with urinary tract infection is presented, encompassing both historical perspectives and current advances.
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33
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Baker LY, Hobby CR, Siv AW, Bible WC, Glennon MS, Anderson DM, Symes SJ, Giles DK. Pseudomonas aeruginosa responds to exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) by modifying phospholipid composition, membrane permeability, and phenotypes associated with virulence. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:117. [PMID: 30217149 PMCID: PMC6137939 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1259-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common opportunistic pathogen, is known to cause infections in a variety of compromised human tissues. An emerging mechanism for microbial survival is the incorporation of exogenous fatty acids to alter the cell’s membrane phospholipid profile. With these findings, we show that exogenous fatty acid exposure leads to changes in bacterial membrane phospholipid structure, membrane permeability, virulence phenotypes and consequent stress responses that may influence survival and persistence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results Thin-layer chromatography and ultra performance liquid chromatography / ESI-mass spectrometry indicated alteration of bacterial phospholipid profiles following growth in the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (ranging in carbon length and unsaturation). The exogenously supplied fatty acids were incorporated into the major bacterial phospholipids phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The incorporation of fatty acids increased membrane permeability as judged by both accumulation and exclusion of ethidium bromide. Individual fatty acids were identified as modifying resistance to the cyclic peptide antibiotics polymyxin B and colistin, but not the beta-lactam imipenem. Biofilm formation was increased by several PUFAs and significant fluctuations in swimming motility were observed. Conclusions Our results emphasize the relevance and complexity of exogenous fatty acids in the membrane physiology and pathobiology of a medically important pathogen. P. aeruginosa exhibits versatility with regard to utilization of and response to exogenous fatty acids, perhaps revealing potential strategies for prevention and control of infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1259-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyssa Y Baker
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - Chelsea R Hobby
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - Andrew W Siv
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - William C Bible
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - Michael S Glennon
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - Derek M Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - Steven J Symes
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - David K Giles
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA.
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Naseri H, Sharifi A, Ghaedi M, Dashtian K, Khoramrooz SS, Manzouri L, Khosravani SA, Pezeshkpour V, Sadri F, Askarinia M. Sonochemical incorporated of cytosine in Cu-H 2bpdc as an antibacterial agent against standard and clinical strains of Proteus mirabilis with rsbA gene. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:223-230. [PMID: 29680606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The cytosine embedded copper based metal-organic framework (Bio-MOF) was synthesized by facile one-step sonochemical method by simply mixing of 4-4, biphenyldicarboxylic, cytosine and copper nitrate (Bio-Cu-H2bpdc-Cy). The prepared bio-MOF was characterized by XRD, FTIR and FE-SEM techniques. The effect of Cu-H2bpdc-Cy on the expression of the rsbA gene was evaluated in the clinical and standard Proteus mirabilis and study of MIC of Cu-H2bpdc-Cy by microdilution against them that have the rsbA gene. According to different concentrations of MIC, MBC concentrations was cultured on blood agar culture medium. Regarding to the concentration of MIC, gene expression changes were obtained by real-time PCR. MIC for standard and clinical strains of Proteus mirabilis was 1.6 and 1.8 mg/ml, and also MBC was obtained to be 1.8 and 2.0 mg/ml, respectively. Finally, in the real time PCR method, expression of the rsbA gene in presences of bio-Cu-H2bpdc-Cy was reduced, but has no effect on the gene expression of the Housekeeping DNA Gyrase-B gene. Considering the effect of Cu-H2bpdc-Cy on the rsbA gene in Proteus mirabilis bacteria, it is possible to use of Cu-H2bpdc-Cy agent as a therapeutic supplement against this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Naseri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, IR, Iran; Student Research Committee, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Asghar Sharifi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, IR, Iran.
| | - Mehrorang Ghaedi
- Department of Chemistry, Yasouj University, Yasouj 75918-74831, Iran.
| | - Kheibar Dashtian
- Department of Chemistry, Yasouj University, Yasouj 75918-74831, Iran
| | - Seyed Sajad Khoramrooz
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, IR, Iran
| | - Leila Manzouri
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | | | - Vahid Pezeshkpour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, IR, Iran; Department of Biotechnology and Microbial Nanotechnology, Dena Pathobiology Laboratory, Yasuj, IR, Iran
| | - Farzad Sadri
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Dena Pathobiology Laboratory, Yasouj, Iran; Young Researchers and Elite Club, Yasooj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasooj, Iran
| | - Marzieh Askarinia
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, IR, Iran; Student Research Committee, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
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Hobby CR, Herndon JL, Morrow CA, Peters RE, Symes SJK, Giles DK. Exogenous fatty acids alter phospholipid composition, membrane permeability, capacity for biofilm formation, and antimicrobial peptide susceptibility in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Microbiologyopen 2018; 8:e00635. [PMID: 29701307 PMCID: PMC6391273 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae represents a major threat to human health due to a combination of its nosocomial emergence and a propensity for acquiring antibiotic resistance. Dissemination of the bacteria from its native intestinal location creates severe, complicated infections that are particularly problematic in healthcare settings. Thus, there is an urgency for identifying novel treatment regimens as the incidence of highly antibiotic‐resistant bacteria rises. Recent findings have highlighted the ability of some Gram‐negative bacteria to utilize exogenous fatty acids in ways that modify membrane phospholipids and influence virulence phenotypes, such as biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance. This study explores the ability of K. pneumoniae to assimilate and respond to exogenous fatty acids. The combination of thin‐layer chromatography liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry confirmed adoption of numerous exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) into the phospholipid species of K. pneumoniae. Membrane permeability was variably affected as determined by two dye uptake assays. Furthermore, the availability of many PUFAs lowered the MICs to the antimicrobial peptides polymyxin B and colistin. Biofilm formation was significantly affected depending upon the supplemented fatty acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea R Hobby
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - Joshua L Herndon
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - Colton A Morrow
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - Rachel E Peters
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - Steven J K Symes
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - David K Giles
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA
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36
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Srinivasan R, Vigneshwari L, Rajavel T, Durgadevi R, Kannappan A, Balamurugan K, Pandima Devi K, Veera Ravi A. Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Piper betle aqueous extract and evaluation of its anti-quorum sensing and antibiofilm potential against uropathogens with cytotoxic effects: an in vitro and in vivo approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:10538-10554. [PMID: 29288300 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections are the utmost common bacterial infections caused by Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Serratia marcescens. These uropathogens resist the action of several antibiotics due to their ability to form biofilms. Most of these bacterial pathogens use the quorum sensing (QS) machinery to co-ordinate their cells and regulate several virulence factors and biofilm formation. On the other hand, the anti-quorum sensing (anti-QS) and antibiofilm potential of silver nanoparticles have been well reported against certain bacterial pathogens, but to the best of our knowledge, no report is available against the pathogenicity of uropathogens in particular S. marcescens and P. mirabilis. Therefore, the present study is primarily focused on the anti-QS and antibiofilm potential of Piper betle-based synthesized silver nanoparticles (PbAgNPs) against S. marcescens and P. mirabilis. Initially, the silver nanoparticles were synthesized by the aqueous extract of P. betle and characterized by UV-absorbance spectroscopy, XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, and DLS. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were assessed for their anti-QS activity and the obtained results revealed that the PbAgNPs inhibited the QS-mediated virulence factors such as prodigiosin, protease, biofilm formation, exopolysaccharides and hydrophobicity productions in uropathogens. The gene expression analysis divulged the downregulation of fimA, fimC, flhD, and bsmB genes in S. marcescens and flhB, flhD, and rsbA genes in P. mirabilis, respectively. The in vivo Caenorhabditis elegans assays revealed the non-toxic and anti-adherence efficiency of PbAgNPs. Furthermore, the non-toxic effect of PbAgNPs was also confirmed through peripheral blood mononuclear cells and normal lung epithelial cells. Therefore, the contemporary study demonstrates the use of PbAgNPs as a possible alternative toward conventional antibiotics in controlling QS and biofilm-related uropathogen infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanathan Srinivasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, -630 003, India
| | - Loganathan Vigneshwari
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, -630 003, India
| | - Tamilselvam Rajavel
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, -630 003, India
| | - Ravindran Durgadevi
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, -630 003, India
| | - Arunachalam Kannappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, -630 003, India
| | - Krishnaswamy Balamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, -630 003, India
| | - Kasi Pandima Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, -630 003, India
| | - Arumugam Veera Ravi
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, -630 003, India.
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37
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Microfouling inhibition of human nosocomial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa using marine cyanobacteria. Microb Pathog 2018; 114:107-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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38
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Hemolytic Escherichia coli Inhibits Swarming and Differentiation of Proteus mirabilis. Curr Microbiol 2017; 75:471-475. [PMID: 29209821 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-017-1404-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Swarming is a hallmark of Proteus mirabilis, whether common gram-negative bacilli affect the swarming of P. mirabilis is still unclear. In this study, we found that P. mirabilis swarming was inhibited by Escherichia coli ATCC25922, but was not affected by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. The migration distance of P. mirabilis when mixed with E. coli ATCC25922 was strongly reduced, and the inhibition of the swarming of P. mirabilis by E. coli ATCC25922 was dependent on cell density. In addition, initiation of P. mirabilis swarming was delayed by E. coli ATCC25922. Among clinical isolates, including gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci, only hemolytic E. coli inhibited the swarming of P. mirabilis. In summary, hemolytic E. coli inhibited the swarming and differentiation of P. mirabilis.
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Exogenous Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Impact Membrane Remodeling and Affect Virulence Phenotypes among Pathogenic Vibrio Species. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.01415-17. [PMID: 28864654 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01415-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenic Vibrio species (V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus) represent a constant threat to human health, causing foodborne and skin wound infections as a result of ingestion of or exposure to contaminated water and seafood. Recent studies have highlighted Vibrio's ability to acquire fatty acids from environmental sources and assimilate them into cell membranes. The possession and conservation of such machinery provokes consideration of fatty acids as important factors in the pathogenic lifestyle of Vibrio species. The findings here link exogenous fatty acid exposure to changes in bacterial membrane phospholipid structure, permeability, phenotypes associated with virulence, and consequent stress responses that may impact survival and persistence of pathogenic Vibrio species. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (ranging in carbon length and unsaturation) supplied in growth medium were assimilated into bacterial phospholipids, as determined by thin-layer chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The incorporation of fatty acids variably affected membrane permeability, as judged by uptake of the hydrophobic compound crystal violet. For each species, certain fatty acids were identified as affecting resistance to antimicrobial peptide treatment. Significant fluctuations were observed with regard to both motility and biofilm formation following growth in the presence of individual PUFAs. Our results illustrate the important and complex roles of exogenous fatty acids in the membrane physiology and virulence of a bacterial genus that inhabits aquatic and host environments containing an abundance of diverse fatty acids.IMPORTANCE Bacterial responses to fatty acids include, but are not limited to, degradation for metabolic gain, modification of membrane lipids, alteration of protein function, and regulation of gene expression. Vibrio species exhibit significant diversity with regard to the machinery known to participate in the uptake and incorporation of fatty acids into their membranes. Both aquatic and host niches occupied by Vibrio are rife with various free fatty acids and fatty acid-containing lipids. The roles of fatty acids in the environmental survival and pathogenesis of bacteria have begun to emerge and are expected to expand significantly. The current study demonstrates the responsiveness of V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus to exogenous PUFAs. In addition to phospholipid remodeling, PUFA assimilation impacts membrane permeability, motility, biofilm formation, and resistance to polymyxin B.
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40
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Eder AE, Munir SA, Hobby CR, Anderson DM, Herndon JL, Siv AW, Symes SJK, Giles DK. Exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) alter phospholipid composition, membrane permeability, biofilm formation and motility in Acinetobacter baumannii. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2017; 163:1626-1636. [PMID: 29058654 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a ubiquitous multidrug-resistant bacteria that is found on a variety of surfaces, including skin, hair and soil. During the past decade, A. baumannii has emerged as a significant cause of nosocomial infections in the United States. Recent studies have highlighted the ability of some bacteria to utilize a wide variety of fatty acids as a membrane remodelling strategy. Considering this, we hypothesized that fatty acids may have an effect on the emerging pathogen A. baumannii. Thin-layer chromatography indicated structural alterations to major phospholipids. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry confirmed the assimilation of numerous exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) into the phospholipid species of A. baumannii. The incorporation of fatty acids affected several bacterial phenotypes, including membrane permeability, biofilm formation, surface motility and antimicrobial peptide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna E Eder
- Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental Science, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - Saba A Munir
- Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental Science, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - Chelsea R Hobby
- Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental Science, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - Derek M Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - Joshua L Herndon
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - Andrew W Siv
- Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental Science, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - Steven J K Symes
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - David K Giles
- Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental Science, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA
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41
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Fan F, Zhang B, Morrill PL. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis for profiling microbial communities in offshore produced water. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 122:194-206. [PMID: 28655458 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A method based on phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis for profiling microbial communities in offshore produced water was optimized. The operation parameters affecting final PLFA profiling performance from the solid phase extraction (SPE) purification and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) yielding process were investigated. Under the selected conditions, 92.9%, 96.3% and 92.8% of the spiked phospholipid standards C16:1 (cis-9) PC, C18:1 (cis-9) PC, and C19:0 PC were recovered, respectively, using 10mL methanol as elution solvent on a non-commercial SPE column. Over 90% of spiked C19:0 PC was recovered before sample transesterification. Four parameters including alkaline reagent, volume of acid for neutralization, time and temperature for FAMEs derivatization were examined. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze FAMEs and the method linearities, recoveries of 29 FAMEs during transesterification, detection limits, relative standard deviations were presented. The results provided valuable information for biological reservoir souring control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Fan
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada.
| | - Baiyu Zhang
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada.
| | - Penny L Morrill
- Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada.
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42
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Gomes LC, Moreira JMR, Araújo JDP, Mergulhão FJ. Surface conditioning with Escherichia coli cell wall components can reduce biofilm formation by decreasing initial adhesion. AIMS Microbiol 2017; 3:613-628. [PMID: 31294179 PMCID: PMC6604997 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2017.3.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on food processing surfaces pose major risks to human health. Non-efficient cleaning of equipment surfaces and piping can act as a conditioning layer that affects the development of a new biofilm post-disinfection. We have previously shown that surface conditioning with cell extracts could reduce biofilm formation. In the present work, we hypothesized that E. coli cell wall components could be implicated in this phenomena and therefore mannose, myristic acid and palmitic acid were tested as conditioning agents. To evaluate the effect of surface conditioning and flow topology on biofilm formation, assays were performed in agitated 96-well microtiter plates and in a parallel plate flow chamber (PPFC), both operated at the same average wall shear stress (0.07 Pa) as determined by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). It was observed that when the 96-well microtiter plate and the PPFC were used to form biofilms at the same shear stress, similar results were obtained. This shows that the referred hydrodynamic feature may be a good scale-up parameter from high-throughput platforms to larger scale flow cell systems as the PPFC used in this study. Mannose did not have any effect on E. coli biofilm formation, but myristic and palmitic acid inhibited biofilm development by decreasing cell adhesion (in about 50%). These results support the idea that in food processing equipment where biofilm formation is not critical below a certain threshold, bacterial lysis and adsorption of cell components to the surface may reduce biofilm buildup and extend the operational time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana C. Gomes
- LEPABE-Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana M. R. Moreira
- LEPABE-Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José D. P. Araújo
- CEFT-Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe J. Mergulhão
- LEPABE-Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Abstract
Proteus mirabilis is a Gram-negative bacterium and is well known for its ability to robustly swarm across surfaces in a striking bulls'-eye pattern. Clinically, this organism is most frequently a pathogen of the urinary tract, particularly in patients undergoing long-term catheterization. This review covers P. mirabilis with a focus on urinary tract infections (UTI), including disease models, vaccine development efforts, and clinical perspectives. Flagella-mediated motility, both swimming and swarming, is a central facet of this organism. The regulation of this complex process and its contribution to virulence is discussed, along with the type VI-secretion system-dependent intra-strain competition, which occurs during swarming. P. mirabilis uses a diverse set of virulence factors to access and colonize the host urinary tract, including urease and stone formation, fimbriae and other adhesins, iron and zinc acquisition, proteases and toxins, biofilm formation, and regulation of pathogenesis. While significant advances in this field have been made, challenges remain to combatting complicated UTI and deciphering P. mirabilis pathogenesis.
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Silva LN, Zimmer KR, Macedo AJ, Trentin DS. Plant Natural Products Targeting Bacterial Virulence Factors. Chem Rev 2016; 116:9162-236. [PMID: 27437994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Decreased antimicrobial efficiency has become a global public health issue. The paucity of new antibacterial drugs is evident, and the arsenal against infectious diseases needs to be improved urgently. The selection of plants as a source of prototype compounds is appropriate, since plant species naturally produce a wide range of secondary metabolites that act as a chemical line of defense against microorganisms in the environment. Although traditional approaches to combat microbial infections remain effective, targeting microbial virulence rather than survival seems to be an exciting strategy, since the modulation of virulence factors might lead to a milder evolutionary pressure for the development of resistance. Additionally, anti-infective chemotherapies may be successfully achieved by combining antivirulence and conventional antimicrobials, extending the lifespan of these drugs. This review presents an updated discussion of natural compounds isolated from plants with chemically characterized structures and activity against the major bacterial virulence factors: quorum sensing, bacterial biofilms, bacterial motility, bacterial toxins, bacterial pigments, bacterial enzymes, and bacterial surfactants. Moreover, a critical analysis of the most promising virulence factors is presented, highlighting their potential as targets to attenuate bacterial virulence. The ongoing progress in the field of antivirulence therapy may therefore help to translate this promising concept into real intervention strategies in clinical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Nunes Silva
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil.,Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Karine Rigon Zimmer
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Alexandre José Macedo
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil.,Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91501-970, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional do Semiárido , Campina Grande, Paraı́ba 58429-970, Brazil
| | - Danielle Silva Trentin
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil.,Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91501-970, Brazil
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45
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Wael AHH. Diclofenac inhibits virulence of Proteus mirabilis isolated from diabetic foot ulcer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/ajmr2016.8043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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46
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O'May C, Amzallag O, Bechir K, Tufenkji N. Cranberry derivatives enhance biofilm formation and transiently impair swarming motility of the uropathogen Proteus mirabilis HI4320. Can J Microbiol 2016; 62:464-74. [PMID: 27090825 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2015-0715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis is a major cause of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), emphasizing that novel strategies for targeting this bacterium are needed. Potential targets are P. mirabilis surface-associated swarming motility and the propensity of these bacteria to form biofilms that may lead to catheter blockage. We previously showed that the addition of cranberry powder (CP) to lysogeny broth (LB) medium resulted in impaired P. mirabilis swarming motility over short time periods (up to 16 h). Herein, we significantly expanded on those findings by exploring (i) the effects of cranberry derivatives on biofilm formation of P. mirabilis, (ii) whether swarming inhibition occurred transiently or over longer periods more relevant to real infections (∼3 days), (iii) whether swarming was also blocked by commercially available cranberry juices, (iv) whether CP or cranberry juices exhibited effects under natural urine conditions, and (v) the effects of cranberry on medium pH, which is an indirect indicator of urease activity. At short time scales (24 h), CP and commercially available pure cranberry juice impaired swarming motility and repelled actively swarming bacteria in LB medium. Over longer time periods more representative of infections (∼3 days), the capacity of the cranberry material to impair swarming diminished and bacteria would start to migrate across the surface, albeit by exhibiting a different motility phenotype to the regular "bull's-eye" swarming phenotype of P. mirabilis. This bacterium did not swarm on urine agar or LB agar supplemented with urea, suggesting that any potential application of anti-swarming compounds may be better suited to settings external to the urine environment. Anti-swarming effects were confounded by the ability of cranberry products to enhance biofilm formation in both LB and urine conditions. These findings provide key insights into the long-term strategy of targeting P. mirabilis CAUTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che O'May
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montréal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montréal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Olivier Amzallag
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montréal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montréal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Karim Bechir
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montréal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montréal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Nathalie Tufenkji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montréal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montréal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada
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47
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The Rcs regulon in Proteus mirabilis: implications for motility, biofilm formation, and virulence. Curr Genet 2016; 62:775-789. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-016-0579-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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48
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Younis KM, Usup G, Ahmad A. Secondary metabolites produced by marine streptomyces as antibiofilm and quorum-sensing inhibitor of uropathogen Proteus mirabilis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:4756-4767. [PMID: 26538254 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5687-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Quorum-sensing regulates bacterial biofilm formation and virulence factors, thereby making it an interesting target for attenuating pathogens. In this study, we investigated anti-biofilm and anti-quorum-sensing compounds from secondary metabolites of halophiles marine streptomyces against urinary catheter biofilm forming Proteus mirabilis without effect on growth viability. A total of 40 actinomycetes were isolated from samples collected from different places in Iraq including marine sediments and soil samples. Fifteen isolates identified as streptomyces and their supernatant screened as anti-quorum-sensing by inhibiting quorum-sensing regulated prodigiosin biosynthesis of Serratia marcescens strain Smj-11 as a reporter strain. Isolate Sediment Lake Iraq (sdLi) showed potential anti-quorum-sensing activity. Out of 35 clinical isolates obtained from Urinary catheter used by patient at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, 22 isolates were characterized and identified as Proteus mirabilis. Isolate Urinary Catheter B4 (UCB4) showed the highest biofilm formation with highest resistance to used antibiotic and was chosen for further studies. Ethyl acetate secondary metabolites extract was produced from sdLi isolate. First, we determined the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of sdLi crude extract against UCB4 isolate, and all further experiments used concentrations below the MIC. Tests of subinhibitory concentrations of sdLi crude extract showed good inhibition against UCB4 isolate biofilm formation on urinary catheter and cover glass using Scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy respectively. The influence of sub-MIC of sdLi crude extract was also found to attenuate the quorum sensing (QS)-dependent factors such as hemolysin activity, urease activity, pH value, and motility of UCB4 isolate. Evidence is presented that these nontoxic secondary metabolites may act as antagonists of bacterial quorum sensing by competing with quorum-sensing signals for receptor binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khansa Mohammed Younis
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Biology/Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Mosul University, Mosul, Iraq.
| | - Gires Usup
- School of Environmental and Natural Resources Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Asmat Ahmad
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Involvement of polyphosphate kinase in virulence and stress tolerance of uropathogenic Proteus mirabilis. Med Microbiol Immunol 2015; 205:97-109. [PMID: 26233310 PMCID: PMC4792353 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-015-0430-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis), a gram-negative enteric bacterium, frequently causes urinary tract infections. Many virulence factors of uropathogenic P. mirabilis have been identified, including urease, flagella, hemolysin and fimbriae. However, the functions of polyphosphate kinase (PPK), which are related to the pathogenicity of many bacteria, remain entirely unknown in P. mirabilis. In this study, a ppk gene encoding the PPK insertional mutant in P. mirabilis strain HI4320 was constructed, and its biological functions were examined. The results of survival studies demonstrated that the ppk mutant was deficient in resistance to oxidative, hyperosmotic and heat stress. The swarming and biofilm formation abilities of P. mirabilis were also attenuated after the ppk interruption. In vitro and in vivo experiments suggested that ppk was required for P. mirabilis to invade the bladder. The negative phenotypes of the ppk mutant could be restored by ppk gene complementation. Furthermore, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry were used to analyze the proteomes of the wild-type strain and the ppk mutant. Compared with the wild-type strain, seven proteins including TonB-dependent receptor, universal stress protein G, major mannose-resistant/Proteus-like fimbrial protein (MR/P fimbriae), heat shock protein, flagellar capping protein, putative membrane protein and multidrug efflux protein were down-regulated, and four proteins including exported peptidase, repressor protein for FtsI, FKBP-type peptidyl-prolyl cis–trans isomerase and phosphotransferase were up-regulated in the ppk mutant. As a whole, these results indicate that PPK is an important regulator and plays a crucial role in stress tolerance and virulence in uropathogenic P. mirabilis.
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Salini R, Sindhulakshmi M, Poongothai T, Pandian SK. Inhibition of quorum sensing mediated biofilm development and virulence in uropathogens by Hyptis suaveolens. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2015; 107:1095-106. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-015-0402-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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