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Lai J, Wang B, Petrik M, Beziere N, Hammoud DA. Radiotracer Development for Fungal-Specific Imaging: Past, Present, and Future. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:S259-S269. [PMID: 37788500 PMCID: PMC10547453 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections have become a major challenge for public health, mainly due to the growing numbers of immunocompromised patients, with high morbidity and mortality. Currently, conventional imaging modalities such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging contribute largely to the noninvasive diagnosis and treatment evaluation of those infections. These techniques, however, often fall short when a fast, noninvasive and specific diagnosis of fungal infection is necessary. Molecular imaging, especially using nuclear medicine-based techniques, aims to develop fungal-specific radiotracers that can be tested in preclinical models and eventually translated to human applications. In the last few decades, multiple radioligands have been developed and tested as potential fungal-specific tracers. These include radiolabeled peptides, antifungal drugs, siderophores, fungal-specific antibodies, and sugars. In this review, we provide an overview of the pros and cons of the available radiotracers. We also address the future prospects of fungal-specific imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhao Lai
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology, and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Benjamin Wang
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology, and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Milos Petrik
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Nicolas Beziere
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dima A Hammoud
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology, and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Lauretti-Ferreira F, Teixeira AAR, Giordano RJ, da Silva JB, Abreu PAE, Barbosa AS, Akamatsu MA, Ho PL. Characterization of a virulence-modifying protein of Leptospira interrogans identified by shotgun phage display. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1051698. [PMID: 36519163 PMCID: PMC9742253 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1051698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic species of Leptospira are etiologic agents of leptospirosis, an emerging zoonotic disease of worldwide extent and endemic in tropical regions. The growing number of identified leptospiral species sheds light to their genetic diversity and unique virulence mechanisms, many of them still remain unknown. Toxins and adhesins are important virulence factors in several pathogens, constituting promising antigens for the development of vaccines with cross-protection and long-lasting effect against leptospirosis. For this aim, we used the shotgun phage display technique to unravel new proteins with adhesive properties. A shotgun library was constructed using fragmented genomic DNA from Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni strain Fiocruz L1-130 and pG8SAET phagemid vector. Selection of phages bearing new possible cell-binding antigens was performed against VERO cells, using BRASIL biopanning methodology. Analysis of selected clones revealed the hypothetical protein LIC10778, a potentially exposed virulence factor that belongs to the virulence-modifying (VM) protein family (PF07598), composed of 13 members in the leptospiral strain Fiocruz L1-130. Prediction of LIC10778 tertiary structure indicates that the protein contains a cellular-binding domain (N-terminal portion) and an unknown domain of no assigned activity (C-terminal portion). The predicted N-terminal domain shared structural similarities with the cell-binding and internalization domain of toxins like Ricin and Abrin, as well as to the Community-Acquired Respiratory Distress Syndrome (CARDS) toxin in Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Interestingly, recombinant portions of the N-terminal region of LIC10778 protein showed binding to laminin, collagens I and IV, vitronectin, and plasma and cell fibronectins using overlay blotting technique, especially regarding the binding site identified by phage display. These data validate our preliminary phage display biopanning and support the predicted three-dimensional models of LIC10778 protein and other members of PF07598 protein family, confirming the identification of the N-terminal cell-binding domains that are similar to ricin-like toxins. Moreover, fluorescent fused proteins also confirmed that N-terminal region of LIC10778 is capable of binding to VERO and A549 cell lines, further highlighting its virulence role during host-pathogen interaction in leptospirosis probably mediated by its C-terminal domain. Indeed, recent results in the literature confirmed this assumption by demonstrating the cytotoxicity of a closely related PF07598 member.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Lauretti-Ferreira
- Bioindustrial Division, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo José Giordano
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Paulo Lee Ho
- Bioindustrial Division, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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de Oliveira HC, Michaloski JS, da Silva JF, Scorzoni L, de Paula E Silva ACA, Marcos CM, Assato PA, Yamazaki DS, Fusco-Almeida AM, Giordano RJ, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Peptides Derived from a Phage Display Library Inhibit Adhesion and Protect the Host against Infection by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Paracoccidioides lutzii. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:509. [PMID: 28066254 PMCID: PMC5179556 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Paracoccidioides lutzii are dimorphic fungi and are the etiological agents of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). Adhesion is one of the most important steps in infections with Paracoccidioides and is responsible for the differences in the virulence of isolates of these fungi. Because of the importance of adhesion to the establishment of an infection, this study focused on the preliminary development of a new therapeutic strategy to inhibit adhesion by Paracoccidioides, thus inhibiting infection and preventing the disease. We used two phage display libraries to select peptides that strongly bind to the Paracoccidioides cell wall to inhibit adhesion to host cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) components (laminin, fibronectin, and type I and type IV collagen). This approach allowed us to identify four peptides that inhibited up to 64% of the adhesion of Paracoccidioides to pneumocytes in vitro and inhibited the adhesion to the ECM components by up to 57%. Encouraged by these results, we evaluated the ability of these peptides to protect Galleria mellonella from Paracoccidioides infection by treating G. mellonella larvae with the different peptides prior to infection with Paracoccidioides and observing larval survival. The results show that all of the peptides tested increased the survival of the larvae infected with P. brasiliensis by up to 64% and by up to 60% in those infected with P. lutzii. These data may open new horizons for therapeutic strategies to prevent PCM, and anti-adhesion therapy could be an important strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroldo C de Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Câmpus Araraquara, São Paulo Brasil
| | - Jussara S Michaloski
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Instituto de Química, Câmpus São Paulo, São Paulo Brasil
| | - Julhiany F da Silva
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Câmpus Araraquara, São Paulo Brasil
| | - Liliana Scorzoni
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Câmpus Araraquara, São Paulo Brasil
| | - Ana C A de Paula E Silva
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Câmpus Araraquara, São Paulo Brasil
| | - Caroline M Marcos
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Câmpus Araraquara, São Paulo Brasil
| | - Patrícia A Assato
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Câmpus Araraquara, São Paulo Brasil
| | - Daniella S Yamazaki
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Câmpus Araraquara, São Paulo Brasil
| | - Ana M Fusco-Almeida
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Câmpus Araraquara, São Paulo Brasil
| | - Ricardo J Giordano
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Instituto de Química, Câmpus São Paulo, São Paulo Brasil
| | - Maria J S Mendes-Giannini
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Câmpus Araraquara, São Paulo Brasil
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Leng Q, Woodle MC, Liu Y, Mixson AJ. Silver adducts of four-branched histidine rich peptides exhibit synergistic antifungal activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 477:957-962. [PMID: 27387239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Previously, a four branched histidine-lysine rich peptide, H3K4b, was shown to demonstrate selective antifungal activity with minimal antibacterial activity. Due to the potential breakdown from proteases, H3K4b was further evaluated in the current study by varying the D- and l-amino acid content in its branches. Whereas analogues of H3K4b that selectively replaced l-amino acids (H3k4b, h3K4b) had improved antifungal activity, the all d-amino acid analogue, h3k4b, had reduced activity, suggesting that partial breakdown of the peptide may be necessary. Moreover, because histidines form coordination bonds with the silver ion, we examined whether silver adducts can be formed with these branched histidine-lysine peptides, which may improve antifungal activity. For Candida albicans, the silver adduct of h3K4b or H3k4b reduced the MIC compared to peptide and silver ions alone by 4- and 5-fold, respectively. For Aspergillus fumigatus, the silver adducts showed even greater enhancement of activity. Although the silver adducts of H3k4b or h3K4b showed synergistic activity, the silver adduct with the all l-amino acid H3K4b surprisingly showed the greatest synergistic and growth inhibition of A. fumigatus: the silver adduct of H3K4b reduced the MIC compared to the peptide and silver ions alone by 30- and 26-fold, respectively. Consistent with these antifungal efficacy results, marked increases in free oxygen radicals were produced with the H3K4b and silver combination. These studies suggest that there is a balance between stability and breakdown for optimal antifungal activity of the peptide alone and for the peptide-silver adduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Leng
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | | | - Yijia Liu
- Aparna Biosciences Corp, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - A James Mixson
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Scaria PV, Liu Y, Leng Q, Chou ST, Mixson AJ, Woodle MC. Enhancement of antifungal activity by integrin-targeting of branched histidine rich peptides. J Drug Target 2014; 22:536-42. [PMID: 24731059 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2014.905948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of invasive candidiasis associated with growing numbers of immunocompromised patients remains a major challenge complicated by increasing drug resistance. A novel class of branched histidine-lysine (bHK) peptides has promising antifungal activity, and exhibits a mechanism similar to natural histatins, and thus may avoid drug resistance. The present studies evaluate ligand targeting of bHK peptides to fungal surface integrins by determining whether a cyclic RGD (cRGD) peptide with a large PEG linker could enhance bHK peptide antifungal activity. Whereas conjugates containing only the PEG linker reduced bHK peptide activity, conjugates with the cRGD-PEG ligand resulted in marked enhancement of activity against Candida albicans. This study provides the first demonstration of benefit from ligand targeting of antifungal agents to fungal surface receptors.
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Barbu EM, Shirazi F, McGrath DM, Albert N, Sidman RL, Pasqualini R, Arap W, Kontoyiannis DP. An antimicrobial peptidomimetic induces Mucorales cell death through mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76981. [PMID: 24098573 PMCID: PMC3789667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of mucormycosis has dramatically increased in immunocompromised patients. Moreover, the array of cellular targets whose inhibition results in fungal cell death is rather limited. Mitochondria have been mechanistically identified as central regulators of detoxification and virulence in fungi. Our group has previously designed and developed a proteolytically-resistant peptidomimetic motif D(KLAKLAK)2 with pleiotropic action ranging from targeted (i.e., ligand-directed) activity against cancer and obesity to non-targeted activity against antibiotic resistant gram-negative rods. Here we evaluated whether this non-targeted peptidomimetic motif is active against Mucorales. We show that D(KLAKLAK)2 has marked fungicidal action, inhibits germination, and reduces hyphal viability. We have also observed cellular changes characteristic of apoptosis in D(KLAKLAK)2-treated Mucorales cells. Moreover, the fungicidal activity was directly correlated with vacuolar injury, mitochondrial swelling and mitochondrial membrane depolarization, intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation (ROS), and increased caspase-like enzymatic activity. Finally, these apoptotic features were prevented by the addition of the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-cysteine indicating mechanistic pathway specificity. Together, these findings indicate that D(KLAKLAK)2 makes Mucorales exquisitely susceptible via mitochondrial injury-induced apoptosis. This prototype may serve as a candidate drug for the development of translational applications against mucormycosis and perhaps other fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Magda Barbu
- David H. Koch Center, Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Fazal Shirazi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Danielle M. McGrath
- David H. Koch Center, Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nathaniel Albert
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Richard L. Sidman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Renata Pasqualini
- David H. Koch Center, Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DPK); (WA); (RP)
| | - Wadih Arap
- David H. Koch Center, Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DPK); (WA); (RP)
| | - Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DPK); (WA); (RP)
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Morisse H, Heyman L, Salaün M, Favennec L, Picquenot JM, Bohn P, Thiberville L. In vivomolecular microimaging of pulmonary aspergillosis. Med Mycol 2013; 51:352-60. [DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2012.729138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Phage display against corneal epithelial cells produced bioactive peptides that inhibit Aspergillus adhesion to the corneas. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33578. [PMID: 22428072 PMCID: PMC3299800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dissection of host-pathogen interactions is important for both understanding the pathogenesis of infectious diseases and developing therapeutics for the infectious diseases like various infectious keratitis. To enhance the knowledge about pathogenesis infectious keratitis, a random 12-mer peptide phage display library was screened against cultured human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC). Fourteen sequences were obtained and BLASTp analysis showed that most of their homologue counterparts in GenBank were for defined or putative proteins in various pathogens. Based on known or predicted functions of the homologue proteins, ten synthetic peptides (Pc-A to Pc-J) were measured for their affinity to bind cells and their potential efficacy to interfere with pathogen adhesion to the cells. Besides binding to HCEC, most of them also bound to human corneal stromal cells and umbilical endothelial cells to different extents. When added to HCEC culture, the peptides induced expression of MyD88 and IL-17 in HCEC, and the stimulated cell culture medium showed fungicidal potency to various extents. While peptides Pc-C and Pc-E inhibited Aspergillus fumigatus (A.f) adhesion to HCEC in a dose-dependent manner, the similar inhibition ability of peptides Pc-A and Pc-B required presence of their homologue ligand Alb1p on A.f. When utilized in an eyeball organ culture model and an in vivo A.f keratitis model established in mouse, Pc-C and Pc-E inhibited fungal adhesion to corneas, hence decreased corneal disruption caused by inflammatory infiltration. Affinity pull-down of HCEC membrane proteins with peptide Pc-C revealed several molecules as potential receptors for this peptide. In conclusion, besides proving that phage display-selected peptides could be utilized to interfere with adhesion of pathogens to host cells, hence could be exploited for managing infectious diseases including infectious keratitis, we also proposed that the phage display technique and the resultant peptides could be used to explore host-pathogen interactions at molecular levels.
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Yang Z, Kontoyiannis DP, Wen X, Xiong C, Zhang R, Albert ND, Li C. Gamma scintigraphy imaging of murine invasive pulmonary aspergillosis with a (111)In-labeled cyclic peptide. Nucl Med Biol 2009; 36:259-66. [PMID: 19324271 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2008.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Revised: 11/09/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a leading cause of infection-associated death in immunosuppressed patients. Early detection and early administration of antifungal therapy are critical factors in improving outcome for patients with IPA. Here, we evaluated the imaging properties of a (111)In-labeled cyclic peptide targeted to Aspergillus fumigatus in an immunosuppressed murine model of IPA. METHODS A cyclic peptide c(CGGRLGPFC)-NH(2) was labeled with (111)In by means of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). Two days after intranasal inoculation of 17.5x10(6) conidia of A. fumigatus, mice were injected (111)In-DTPA-c(CGGRLGPFC)-NH(2) intravenously. Biodistribution data were obtained at 2 h, and gamma-images were acquired at 10 min and 2 h after radiotracer injection. Healthy mice were used as controls. In addition, a group of infected mice were co-injected with the radiotracer and unlabeled c(CGGRLGPFC)-NH(2) to evaluate the inhibition of radiotracer's binding to infected lungs. Autoradiographs of lungs from infected and healthy mice were compared with corresponding photographs of transaxial sections of the lung tissues stained for A. fumigatus hyphae. RESULTS The labeling efficiency was >98%, with specific radioactivity of up to 74 MBq/nmol peptide. Significantly higher uptake of (111)In-DTPA-c(CGGRLGPFC)-NH(2) was observed in the lungs of mice infected with A. fumigatus than in those of healthy mice (0.37+/-0.06 %ID/g vs. 0.14+/-0.02 %ID/g, P=.00044). Simultaneous injection with unlabeled peptide reduced radioactivity in the infected lungs by 41% (P=.0037). Increased radioactivity in the lungs of infected mice was visible in gamma images at both 10 min and 2 h after radiotracer injection. Moreover, autoradiography confirmed radiotracer uptake in infected lungs, but not in the lungs of healthy mice or infected mice co-injected with unlabeled peptide. CONCLUSIONS Gamma-imaging with (111)In-DTPA-c(CGGRLGPFC)-NH(2) clearly delineated experimental IPA in mice. Peptides directly targeting fungi therefore may be valuable agents for noninvasive detection of opportunistic mycoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yang
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Romero-Martínez R, Curiel-Quesada E, Becerril-Luján B, Flores-Carreón A, Pérez-Torres A, Taylor ML. Detection of constitutive molecules onHistoplasma capsulatumyeasts through single chain variable antibody fragments displayed in M13 phages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 50:77-85. [PMID: 17456181 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2007.00238.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A nonimmune library, containing single chain variable fragments (scFv) of immunoglobulin human genes displayed on the surface of M13 filamentous phages, was used to recognize molecules exposed on Histoplasma capsulatum yeasts' surface, during their growth in synthetic medium. The scFv clones were checked in their consistency by Dot-ELISA using HRP/anti-M13 conjugate, and they were tested to recognize molecules on H. Capsulatum yeasts' surface by ELISA in plates. Three out of 80 scFv cones (C2, C6, and C52) reacted consistently with H. capsulatum molecules, and they recognized molecules from both H. capsulatum morphologic phases. However, C6 and C52 clones reacted better with molecules on the surface of whole yeasts, with molecules from the yeasts' cell-wall extract, and with molecules released to the supernatant of the yeast culture. Mycelial supernatants from other fungi, as well as from a Mycobacterium filtrate, were not recognized by scFv phage monoclones. Monoclones C2, C6, and C52 recognized yeast molecules irrespective of the H. capsulatum strains used; the C6 clone revealed a specific immunohistochemistry reaction when tested against homologous and heterologous fungal infected tissues. The scFv clones isolated will be a useful toll to define the role of their target molecules in the host-parasite relationship of histoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Romero-Martínez
- Departamento de Microbiología-Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma México (UNAM), Mexico
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Sergeeva A, Kolonin MG, Molldrem JJ, Pasqualini R, Arap W. Display technologies: application for the discovery of drug and gene delivery agents. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2006; 58:1622-54. [PMID: 17123658 PMCID: PMC1847402 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2006.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2006] [Accepted: 09/29/2006] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of molecular diversity of cell surface proteomes in disease is essential for the development of targeted therapies. Progress in targeted therapeutics requires establishing effective approaches for high-throughput identification of agents specific for clinically relevant cell surface markers. Over the past decade, a number of platform strategies have been developed to screen polypeptide libraries for ligands targeting receptors selectively expressed in the context of various cell surface proteomes. Streamlined procedures for identification of ligand-receptor pairs that could serve as targets in disease diagnosis, profiling, imaging and therapy have relied on the display technologies, in which polypeptides with desired binding profiles can be serially selected, in a process called biopanning, based on their physical linkage with the encoding nucleic acid. These technologies include virus/phage display, cell display, ribosomal display, mRNA display and covalent DNA display (CDT), with phage display being by far the most utilized. The scope of this review is the recent advancements in the display technologies with a particular emphasis on molecular mapping of cell surface proteomes with peptide phage display. Prospective applications of targeted compounds derived from display libraries in the discovery of targeted drugs and gene therapy vectors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sergeeva
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Mikhail G. Kolonin
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Molldrem
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Renata Pasqualini
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Wadih Arap
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
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The Fifth Annual Meeting of the Society for Molecular Imaging. Mol Imaging 2006. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2006.00023b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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13
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Chamilos G, Kontoyiannis DP. Defining the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. Med Mycol 2006; 44:S163-S173. [DOI: 10.1080/13693780600823258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2006] [Accepted: 05/11/2006] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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