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Keresztény T, Libisch B, Orbe SC, Nagy T, Kerényi Z, Kocsis R, Posta K, Papp PP, Olasz F. Isolation and Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria With Probiotic Attributes From Different Parts of the Gastrointestinal Tract of Free-living Wild Boars in Hungary. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:1221-1239. [PMID: 37353593 PMCID: PMC11322276 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10113-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the microbiota play an important role in human and animal health and, when used as probiotics, can contribute to an increased growth performance in livestock management. Animals living in their native habitat can serve as natural sources of microorganisms, so isolation of LAB strains from wild boars could provide the opportunity to develop effective probiotics to improve production in swine industry. In this study, the probiotic potential of 56 LAB isolates, originated from the ileum, colon, caecum and faeces of 5 wild boars, were assessed in vitro in details. Their taxonomic identity at species level and their antibacterial activity against four representative strains of potentially pathogenic bacteria were determined. The ability to tolerate low pH and bile salt, antibiotic susceptibility, bile salt hydrolase activity and lack of hemolysis were tested. Draft genome sequences of ten Limosilactobacillus mucosae and three Leuconostoc suionicum strains were determined. Bioinformatic analysis excluded the presence of any known acquired antibiotic resistance genes. Three genes, encoding mesentericin B105 and two different bacteriocin-IIc class proteins, as well as two genes with possible involvement in mesentericin secretion (mesE) and transport (mesD) were identified in two L. suionicum strains. Lam29 protein, a component of an ABC transporter with proved function as mucin- and epithelial cell-adhesion factor, and a bile salt hydrolase gene were found in all ten L. mucosae genomes. Comprehensive reconsideration of all data helps to select candidate strains to assess their probiotic potential further in animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Keresztény
- Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biological Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Balázs Libisch
- Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Stephanya Corral Orbe
- Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biological Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Tibor Nagy
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life, Sciences, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kerényi
- Hungarian Dairy Research Institute Ltd, 9200, Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Róbert Kocsis
- Hungarian Dairy Research Institute Ltd, 9200, Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Katalin Posta
- Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Péter P Papp
- Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Olasz
- Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
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Niu D, Feng N, Xi S, Xu J, Su Y. Genomics-based analysis of four porcine-derived lactic acid bacteria strains and their evaluation as potential probiotics. Mol Genet Genomics 2024; 299:24. [PMID: 38438804 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-024-02101-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The search for probiotics and exploration of their functions are crucial for livestock farming. Recently, porcine-derived lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have shown great potential as probiotics. However, research on the evaluation of porcine-derived LAB as potential probiotics through genomics-based analysis is relatively limited. The present study analyzed four porcine-derived LAB strains (Lactobacillus johnsonii L16, Latilactobacillus curvatus ZHA1, Ligilactobacillus salivarius ZSA5 and Ligilactobacillus animalis ZSB1) using genomic techniques and combined with in vitro tests to evaluate their potential as probiotics. The genome sizes of the four strains ranged from 1,897,301 bp to 2,318,470 bp with the GC contents from 33.03 to 41.97%. Pan-genomic analysis and collinearity analysis indicated differences among the genomes of four strains. Carbohydrate active enzymes analysis revealed that L. johnsonii L16 encoded more carbohydrate active enzymes than other strains. KEGG pathway analysis and in vitro tests confirmed that L. johnsonii L16 could utilize a wide range of carbohydrates and had good utilization capacity for each carbohydrate. The four strains had genes related to acid tolerance and were tolerant to low pH, with L. johnsonii L16 showing the greatest tolerance. The four strains contained genes related to bile salt tolerance and were able to tolerate 0.1% bile salt. Four strains had antioxidant related genes and exhibited antioxidant activity in in vitro tests. They contained the genes linked with organic acid biosynthesis and exhibited antibacterial activity against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 (ETEC K88) and Salmonella 6,7:c:1,5, wherein, L. johnsonii L16 and L. salivarius ZSA5 had gene clusters encoding bacteriocin. Results suggest that genome analysis combined with in vitro tests is an effective approach for evaluating different strains as probiotics. The findings of this study indicate that L. johnsonii L16 has the potential as a probiotic strain among the four strains and provide theoretical basis for the development of probiotics in swine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dekai Niu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ni Feng
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Siteng Xi
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jianjian Xu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yong Su
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Ren Q, Wang D, Han J, Wang J, Liu Z, Wu Z. Ligilactobacillus cholophilus sp. nov., isolated from pickled potherb mustard ( Brassica juncea Coss.). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 37947349 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Strain BD7642T was isolated from Chinese pickled potherb mustard (Brassica juncea Coss.) purchased from a local market in Shanghai, PR China. A polyphasic approach, including 16S rRNA gene sequence, housekeeping gene, average nucleotide identity (ANI), digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH), G+C content and phenotypic analyses, was employed to characterize strain BD7642T. Cells of the bacterium were short round rods, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and catalase-negative. The strain grew at 30-45 °C and pH 4.0-8.0. Optimum growth occurred at 35-40 °C and pH 6.0-7.0. The strain exhibited growth with salt (NaCl) concentrations of up to 5 % (w/v). The G+C content of the strain's genomic DNA was 31.37 mol%. The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 1 c9 and summed feature 10 (C18 : 1 c11/t9/t6). 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that strain BD7642T represents a member of the genus Ligilactobacillus and it had high sequence similarity to Ligilactobacillus aviarius NBRC 102162T (96.73 %), Ligilactobacillus araffinosus LGM 23560 (96.66 %) and Ligilactobacillus salivarius JCM 1231T (95.82 %). The dDDH values between strain BD7642T and its phylogenetically related species within the genus Ligilactobacillus ranged from 12.6 to 25.4 %. The ANI values between strain BD7642T and its closely related taxa were far lower than the threshold (95 %-96 %) used for species differentiation. Results of phylogenetic, physiological and phenotypic characterization confirmed that strain BD7642T represents a novel species within the genus Ligilactobacillus, for which the name Ligilactobacillus cholophilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BD7642T (=CCTCC AB 2022398T=JCM 36074T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanlu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200436, PR China
| | - Danqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200436, PR China
| | - Jin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200436, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200436, PR China
| | - Zhenmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200436, PR China
| | - Zhengjun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200436, PR China
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Wang Y, Xu X, Chen H, Yang F, Xu B, Wang K, Liu Q, Liang G, Zhang R, Jiao X, Zhang Y. Assessment of beneficial effects and identification of host adaptation-associated genes of Ligilactobacillus salivarius isolated from badgers. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:530. [PMID: 37679681 PMCID: PMC10483869 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09623-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ligilactobacillus salivarius has been frequently isolated from the gut microbiota of humans and domesticated animals and has been studied as a candidate probiotic. Badger (Meles meles) is known as a "generalist" species that consumes complex foods and exhibits tolerance and resistance to certain pathogens, which can be partly attributed to the beneficial microbes such as L. salivarius in the gut microbiota. However, our understanding of the beneficial traits and genomic features of badger-originated L. salivarius remains elusive. RESULTS In this study, nine L. salivarius strains were isolated from wild badgers' feces, one of which exhibited good probiotic properties. Complete genomes of the nine L. salivarius strains were generated, and comparative genomic analysis was performed with the publicly available complete genomes of L. salivarius obtained from humans and domesticated animals. The strains originating from badgers harbored a larger genome, a higher number of protein-coding sequences, and functionally annotated genes than those originating from humans and chickens. The pan-genome phylogenetic tree demonstrated that the strains originating from badgers formed a separate clade, and totally 412 gene families (12.6% of the total gene families in the pan-genome) were identified as genes gained by the last common ancestor of the badger group. The badger group harbored significantly more gene families responsible for the degradation of complex carbohydrate substrates and production of polysaccharides than strains from other hosts; many of these were acquired by gene gain events. CONCLUSIONS A candidate probiotic and nine L. salivarius complete genomes were obtained from the badgers' gut microbiome, and several beneficial genes were identified to be specifically present in the badger-originated strains that were gained in the evolution. Our study provides novel insights into the adaptation of L. salivarius to the intestinal habitat of wild badgers and provides valuable strain and genome resources for the development of L. salivarius as a probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaomeng Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qianwen Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Guixin Liang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ruiqi Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xin'an Jiao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Yunzeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Shao J, Mu Z, Xia Y, Xiong Z, Song X, Yang Y, Zhang H, Ai L, Wang G. bsh1 Gene of Lactobacillus plantarum AR113 Plays an Important Role in Ameliorating Western Diet-Aggravated Colitis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:9337-9348. [PMID: 37288995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Western diet is thought to increase susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and probiotics are a potential therapeutic agent for IBD. This study revealed the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum AR113 and L. plantarum AR113Δbsh1 on a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model under the Western diet (WD). After four weeks of WD and low-sugar and low-fat diet (LD) intervention, induction with 3% DSS, and intragastric administration of probiotics, we found that L. plantarum AR113 could regulate blood glucose and lipid levels and have a certain protective effect on hepatocytes. Our results suggested that the L. plantarum AR113 alleviated DSS-induced colitis under the Western diet by improving dyslipidemia, repairing intestinal barrier dysfunction, and inhibiting the TLR4/Myd88/TRAF-6/NF-κB inflammatory pathway. However, these changes were not demonstrated in the L. plantarum AR113Δbsh1, and therefore, we reasoned that the presence of bsh1 may play a crucial role in the L. plantarum AR113 exerting its anti-inflammatory function. The relationship between bile salt hydrolase (BSH) and colitis was worthy of further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Shao
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhiyong Mu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yongjun Xia
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xiong
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xin Song
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yijin Yang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Lianzhong Ai
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Guangqiang Wang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, Shanghai 200093, China
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Shi Q, Yuan X, Zeng Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, Xue C, Li L. Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Bile Acids in Cholestatic Liver Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102411. [PMID: 37242293 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests the complex interactions between gut microbiota and bile acids, which are crucial end products of cholesterol metabolism. Cholestatic liver disease is characterized by dysfunction of bile production, secretion, and excretion, as well as excessive accumulation of potentially toxic bile acids. Given the importance of bile acid homeostasis, the complex mechanism of the bile acid-microbial network in cholestatic liver disease requires a thorough understanding. It is urgent to summarize the recent research progress in this field. In this review, we highlight how gut microbiota regulates bile acid metabolism, how bile acid pool shapes the bacterial community, and how their interactions contribute to the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver disease. These advances might provide a novel perspective for the development of potential therapeutic strategies that target the bile acid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yifan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jinzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chen Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
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Sheridan PO, Odat MA, Scott KP. Establishing genetic manipulation for novel strains of human gut bacteria. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2023; 2:1. [PMID: 38059211 PMCID: PMC10696588 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2022.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen the development of high-accuracy and high-throughput genetic manipulation techniques, which have greatly improved our understanding of genetically tractable microbes. However, challenges remain in establishing genetic manipulation techniques in novel organisms, owing largely to exogenous DNA defence mechanisms, lack of selectable markers, lack of efficient methods to introduce exogenous DNA and an inability of genetic vectors to replicate in their new host. In this review, we describe some of the techniques that are available for genetic manipulation of novel microorganisms. While many reviews exist that focus on the final step in genetic manipulation, the editing of recipient DNA, we particularly focus on the first step in this process, the transfer of exogenous DNA into a strain of interest. Examples illustrating the use of these techniques are provided for a selection of human gut bacteria in which genetic tractability has been established, such as Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides and Roseburia. Ultimately, this review aims to provide an information source for researchers interested in developing genetic manipulation techniques for novel bacterial strains, particularly those of the human gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul O. Sheridan
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Ma’en Al Odat
- Gut Health Group, Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Karen P. Scott
- Gut Health Group, Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland AB25 2ZD, UK
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Yang Y, Song X, Xiong Z, Xia Y, Wang G, Ai L. Complete Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus salivarius AR809, a Probiotic Strain with Oropharyngeal Tract Resistance and Adhesion to the Oral Epithelial Cells. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:280. [PMID: 35934757 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02963-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus salivarius AR809 was isolated from a healthy adult oral cavity with multiple probiotic properties, such as high antimicrobial activity, adhesion to the oral epithelium, resistance to acidic pH, bile, lysozyme, and H2O2. In this study, to investigate the genetic basis on probiotic potential and identify the functional genes in the strain, the complete genome of strain AR809 was sequenced by Illumina and PacBio platforms. Then comparative genome analysis on 11 strains of Lactobacillus salivarius was performed. The complete genome of AR809 consisted of a circular 1,747,224 bp chromosome with 33.00% GC content and four circular plasmids [pA (247,948 bp), pB (27,292 bp), pC (3349 bp), and pD (2898 bp), respectively]. From among the 1866 protein-coding genes, 130 carbohydrate metabolism-related genes, 18 bacteriocin biosynthesis-related genes, 74 environmental stress-related genes, and a series of adhesion-related genes were identified via clusters of orthologous genes, Koyto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and carbohydrate-active enzymes annotation. The comparative genome analysis indicated that genomic homology between AR809 and CICC23174 was the highest. In conclusion, the present work provided valuable insights into the gene's function prediction and understanding the genetic basis on adapting to host oropharyngeal-gastrointestinal tract in strain AR809.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Xin Song
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xiong
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Yongjun Xia
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Guangqiang Wang
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Lianzhong Ai
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
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Kusada H, Arita M, Tohno M, Tamaki H. Bile Salt Hydrolase Degrades β-Lactam Antibiotics and Confers Antibiotic Resistance on Lactobacillus paragasseri. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:858263. [PMID: 35733973 PMCID: PMC9207391 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.858263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile salt hydrolase (BSH) is a well-characterized probiotic enzyme associated with bile detoxification and colonization of lactic acid bacteria in the human gastrointestinal tract. Here, we isolated a putative BSH (LpBSH) from the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus paragasseri JCM 5343T and demonstrated its bifunctional activity that allows it to degrade not only bile salts but also the antibiotic (penicillin). Although antibiotic resistance and bile detoxification have been separately recognized as different microbial functions, our findings suggest that bifunctional BSHs simultaneously confer ecological advantages to host gut bacteria to improve their survival in the mammalian intestine by attaining a high resistance to bile salts and β-lactams. Strain JCM 5343T showed resistance to both bile salts and β-lactam antibiotics, suggesting that LpBSH may be involved in this multi-resistance of the strain. We further verified that such bifunctional enzymes were broadly distributed among the phylogeny, suggesting that the bifunctionality may be conserved in other BSHs of gut bacteria. This study revealed the physiological role and phylogenetic diversity of bifunctional enzymes degrading bile salts and β-lactams in gut bacteria. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the hitherto-overlooked penicillin-degrading activity of penicillin acylase could be a potential new target for the probiotic function of gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kusada
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masanori Arita
- Bioinformation and DDBJ Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Masanori Tohno
- Research Center of Genetic Resources, Core Technology Research Headquarters, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Nasushiobara, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Tamaki
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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10
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Joyce SA, O'Malley D. Bile acids, bioactive signalling molecules in interoceptive gut-to-brain communication. J Physiol 2022; 600:2565-2578. [PMID: 35413130 PMCID: PMC9325455 DOI: 10.1113/jp281727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Aside from facilitating solubilisation and absorption of dietary lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins, amphipathic bile acids (BAs) also act as bioactive signalling molecules. A plethora of conjugated or un-conjugated primary and bacterially-modified secondary BA moieties have been identified, with significant divergence between species. These molecules are excreted into the external environment of the intestinal lumen, yet nuclear and membrane receptors that are sensitive to BAs are expressed internally in the liver, intestinal and neural tissues, amongst others. The diversity of BAs and receptors underpins the multitude of distinct bioactive functions attributed to BAs, but also hampers elucidation of the physiological mechanisms underpinning these actions. In this topical review, we have considered the potential of BAs as cross-barrier signalling molecules that contribute to interoceptive pathways informing the central nervous system of environmental changes in the gut lumen. Activation of BAs on FGF19 -secreting enterocytes, enteroendocrine cells coupled to sensory nerves or intestinal immune cells would facilitate indirect signalling, whereas direct activation of BA receptors in the brain are likely to occur primarily under pathophysiological conditions when concentrations of BAs are elevated. Abstract figure legend The figure illustrates the microbial modification of hepatic primary bile acids into secondary bile acids. In addition to facilitating lipid digestion and absorption, bile acids act as bioactive signalling molecules by binding to bile acid receptors expressed on enterocytes, neural afferent-coupled enteroendocrine cells and immune cells. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Joyce
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Dervla O'Malley
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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11
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Decoding the Gene Variants of Two Native Probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strains through Whole-Genome Resequencing: Insights into Bacterial Adaptability to Stressors and Antimicrobial Strength. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030443. [PMID: 35327997 PMCID: PMC8953754 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, whole-genome resequencing of two native probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains—UTNGt21A and UTNGt2—was assessed in order to identify variants and perform annotation of genes involved in bacterial adaptability to different stressors, as well as their antimicrobial strength. A total of 21,906 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in UTNGt21A, while 17,610 were disclosed in the UTNGt2 genome. The comparative genomic analysis revealed a greater number of deletions, transversions, and transitions within the UTNGt21A genome, while a small difference in the number of insertions was detected between the strains. A divergent number of types of variant annotations were detected in both strains, and categorized in terms of low, moderate, and high modifier impact on the protein effectiveness. Although both native strains shared common specific genes involved in the stress response to the gastrointestinal environment, which may qualify as a putative probiotic (bile salt, acid, temperature, osmotic stress), they were different in their antimicrobial gene cluster organization, with UTNGt21A displaying a complex bacteriocin gene arrangement and dissimilar gene variants that might alter their defense mechanisms and overall inhibitory capacity. The genome comparison revealed 34 and 9 genomic islands (GIs) in the UTNGt21A and UTNGt2 genomes, respectively, with the overrepresentation of genes involved in defense mechanisms and carbohydrate utilization. In addition, pan-genome analysis disclosed the presence of various strain-specific genes (shell genes), suggesting a high genome variation between strains. This genome analysis illustrates that the bacteriocin signature and gene variants reflect a niche-inherent pattern. These extensive genomic datasets will guide us to understand the potential benefits of the native strains and their utility in the food or pharmaceutical sectors.
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12
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Zhang L, Ma H, Kulyar MFEA, Pan H, Li K, Li A, Mo Q, Wang Y, Dong H, Bao Y, Li J. Complete genome analysis of Lactobacillus fermentum YLF016 and its probiotic characteristics. Microb Pathog 2021; 162:105212. [PMID: 34597776 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lactobacillus fermentum (L. fermentum) YLF016 is a well-characterized probiotic with several favorable characteristics. This study aimed to analyze the probiotic characteristics of L. fermentum and uncover the genes implicated in its potential probiotic ability on the base of its genomics features. The complete genome of L. fermentum YLF016 was found to have a circular chromosome of 2,094,354 bp, and 51.46% G + C content without any plasmid. Its chromosome contained 2,130 predicted protein-encoding genes, 58 tRNA, and 15 rRNA-encoding genes. Also, it was found to have many other probiotic properties, such as a high survival rate in the gastrointestinal tract with strong adherence to intestinal cells, antibacterial activity against pathogens, and antioxidant activity. Moreover, the genome sequence analysis demonstrated specific genes coding for carbon metabolism pathway, genetic adaption, stress resistance, and adhesive ability. Further analysis revealed its non-hemolytic activity and its non-functional ability of virulence factors. In conclusion, L. fermentum YLF016 possesses many valuable probiotic properties that refer to its potential probiotic ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongcai Ma
- Tibet Livestock Research Institute, Tibet Academy of Agriculture And Animal Science, Lhasa 850009, Tibet, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Huachun Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Kewei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Aoyun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Mo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailong Dong
- Laboratory of Detection and Monitoring of Highland Animal Disease, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, 860000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Bao
- Tibet Biological Pharmaceutical Factory, Lhasa 850009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Detection and Monitoring of Highland Animal Disease, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, 860000, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Li O, Zhang H, Wang W, Liang Y, Chen W, Din AU, Li L, Zhou Y. Complete genome sequence and probiotic properties of Lactococcus petauri LZys1 isolated from healthy human gut. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70. [PMID: 34397349 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Lactococcus petauri LZys1 (L. petauri LZys1) is a type of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which was initially isolated from healthy human gut.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. It was previously anticipated that L. petauri LZys1 has potential characteristics of probiotic properties. The genetic structure and the regulation functions of L. petauri LZys1 need to be better revealed.Aim. The aim of this study was to detect the probiotic properties L. petauri LZys1 and to reveal the genome information related to its genetic adaptation and probiotic profiles.Methodology. Multiple in vitro experiments were carried out to evaluate its lactic acid-producing ability, resistance to pathogenic bacterial strains, auto-aggregation and co-aggregation ability, and so on. Additionally, complete genome sequencing, gene annotation, and probiotic associated gene analysis were performed.Results. The complete genome of L. petauri LZys1 comprised of 1 985 765 bp, with a DNA G+C content of 38.07 %, containing 50 tRNA, seven rRNA, and four sRNA. A total of 1931 genes were classified into six functional categories by Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. The neighbour-joining phylogeny tree based on the whole genome of L. petauri LZys1 and other probiotics demonstrated that L. petauri LZys1 has a significant similarity to Lactococcus garvieae. The functional genes were detected to expound the molecular mechanism and biochemical processes of its potential probiotic properties, such as atpB gene.Conclusion. All the results described in this study, together with relevant information previously reported, made L. prtauri LZys1 a very interesting potential strain to be considered as a prominent candidate for probiotic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouyang Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Public Center of Experimental Technology of Pathogen Biology technology platform, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China.,Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China
| | - Huijian Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Public Center of Experimental Technology of Pathogen Biology technology platform, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China.,Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Public Center of Experimental Technology of Pathogen Biology technology platform, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China.,Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China
| | - Yuxin Liang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Public Center of Experimental Technology of Pathogen Biology technology platform, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China.,Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China
| | - Wenbi Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Public Center of Experimental Technology of Pathogen Biology technology platform, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China.,Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China
| | - Ahmad Ud Din
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Public Center of Experimental Technology of Pathogen Biology technology platform, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China
| | - Yingshun Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Public Center of Experimental Technology of Pathogen Biology technology platform, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China
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14
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Wen J, Mercado GP, Volland A, Doden HL, Lickwar CR, Crooks T, Kakiyama G, Kelly C, Cocchiaro JL, Ridlon JM, Rawls JF. Fxr signaling and microbial metabolism of bile salts in the zebrafish intestine. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg1371. [PMID: 34301599 PMCID: PMC8302129 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg1371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Bile salt synthesis, secretion into the intestinal lumen, and resorption in the ileum occur in all vertebrate classes. In mammals, bile salt composition is determined by host and microbial enzymes, affecting signaling through the bile salt-binding transcription factor farnesoid X receptor (Fxr). However, these processes in other vertebrate classes remain poorly understood. We show that key components of hepatic bile salt synthesis and ileal transport pathways are conserved and under control of Fxr in zebrafish. Zebrafish bile salts consist primarily of a C27 bile alcohol and a C24 bile acid that undergo multiple microbial modifications including bile acid deconjugation that augments Fxr activity. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we provide a cellular atlas of the zebrafish intestinal epithelium and uncover roles for Fxr in transcriptional and differentiation programs in ileal and other cell types. These results establish zebrafish as a nonmammalian vertebrate model for studying bile salt metabolism and Fxr signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gilberto Padilla Mercado
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alyssa Volland
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Heidi L Doden
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Colin R Lickwar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Taylor Crooks
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Genta Kakiyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Cecelia Kelly
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jordan L Cocchiaro
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jason M Ridlon
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Cancer Center of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - John F Rawls
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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15
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Arnal ME, Denis S, Uriot O, Lambert C, Holowacz S, Paul F, Kuylle S, Pereira B, Alric M, Blanquet-Diot S. Impact of oral galenic formulations of Lactobacillus salivarius on probiotic survival and interactions with microbiota in human in vitro gut models. Benef Microbes 2021; 12:75-90. [PMID: 34109893 DOI: 10.3920/bm2020.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Health benefits of probiotics in humans essentially depend on their ability to survive during gastrointestinal (GI) transit and to modulate gut microbiota. To date, there is few data on the impact of galenic formulations of probiotics on these parameters. Even if clinical studies remain the gold standard to evaluate the efficacy of galenic forms, they stay hampered by technical, ethical and cost reasons. As an alternative approach, we used two complementary in vitro models of the human gut, the TNO gastrointestinal (TIM-1) model and the Artificial Colon (ARCOL), to study the effect of three oral formulations of a Lactobacillus salivarius strain (powder, capsule and sustained-release tablet) on its viability and interactions with gut microbiota. In the TIM-1 stomach, no or low numbers of bacteria were respectively released from the capsule and tablet, confirming their gastro-resistance. The capsule was disintegrated in the jejunum on average 76 min after administration while the core of sustained-release tablet was still intact at the end of digestion. Viability in TIM-1 was significantly influenced by the galenic form with survival percentages of 0.003±0.004%, 2.8±0.6% and 17.0±1.8% (n=3) for powder, capsule and tablet, respectively. In the ARCOL, the survival of the strain tended to be higher in the post-treatment phase with the tablet compared to capsule, but gut microbiota composition and activity were not differently modulated by the two formulations. In conclusion, the sustained-release tablet emerged as the formulation that most effectively preserved viability of the tested strain during GI passage. This study highlights the usefulness of in vitro gut models for the pre-screening of probiotic pharmaceutical forms. Their use could also easily be extended to the evaluation of the effects of food matrices and age on probiotic survival and activity during GI transit.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Arnal
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 MEDIS, Microbiologie Environnement Digestif et Santé, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - S Denis
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 MEDIS, Microbiologie Environnement Digestif et Santé, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - O Uriot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 MEDIS, Microbiologie Environnement Digestif et Santé, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - C Lambert
- University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, Biostatistics Units, 58, rue Montalembert, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - S Holowacz
- PiLeJe Industrie, Parc Naturopôle, Les Tiolans 03800 Saint-Bonnet de Rochefort, France
| | - F Paul
- Genibio, Le Pradas, ZI du Couserans, 09190 Lorp-Sentaraille, France
| | - S Kuylle
- Genibio, Le Pradas, ZI du Couserans, 09190 Lorp-Sentaraille, France
| | - B Pereira
- University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, Biostatistics Units, 58, rue Montalembert, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Alric
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 MEDIS, Microbiologie Environnement Digestif et Santé, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - S Blanquet-Diot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 MEDIS, Microbiologie Environnement Digestif et Santé, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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16
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Wang G, Yu H, Feng X, Tang H, Xiong Z, Xia Y, Ai L, Song X. Specific bile salt hydrolase genes in Lactobacillus plantarum AR113 and relationship with bile salt resistance. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Jia B, Park D, Chun BH, Hahn Y, Jeon CO. Diet-Related Alterations of Gut Bile Salt Hydrolases Determined Using a Metagenomic Analysis of the Human Microbiome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073652. [PMID: 33915727 PMCID: PMC8038126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of bile acid by the gut microbiota is associated with host health. Bile salt hydrolases (BSHs) play a crucial role in controlling microbial bile acid metabolism. Herein, we conducted a comparative study to investigate the alterations in the abundance of BSHs using data from three human studies involving dietary interventions, which included a ketogenetic diet (KD) versus baseline diet (BD), overfeeding diet (OFD) versus underfeeding diet, and low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) versus BD. The KD increased BSH abundance compared to the BD, while the OFD and LCD did not change the total abundance of BSHs in the human gut. BSHs can be classified into seven clusters; Clusters 1 to 4 are relatively abundant in the gut. In the KD cohort, the levels of BSHs from Clusters 1, 3, and 4 increased significantly, whereas there was no notable change in the levels of BSHs from the clusters in the OFD and LCD cohorts. Taxonomic studies showed that members of the phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria predominantly produced BSHs. The KD altered the community structure of BSH-active bacteria, causing an increase in the abundance of Bacteroidetes and decrease in Actinobacteria. In contrast, the abundance of BSH-active Bacteroidetes decreased in the OFD cohort, and no significant change was observed in the LCD cohort. These results highlight that dietary patterns are associated with the abundance of BSHs and community structure of BSH-active bacteria and demonstrate the possibility of manipulating the composition of BSHs in the gut through dietary interventions to impact human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China;
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (D.P.); (B.H.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Dongbin Park
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (D.P.); (B.H.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Byung Hee Chun
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (D.P.); (B.H.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yoonsoo Hahn
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (D.P.); (B.H.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Che Ok Jeon
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (D.P.); (B.H.C.); (Y.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-820-5864
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18
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Functional and Phylogenetic Diversity of BSH and PVA Enzymes. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040732. [PMID: 33807488 PMCID: PMC8066178 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile salt hydrolase (BSH) and penicillin V acylase (PVA) are related enzymes that are classified as choloylglycine hydrolases (CGH). BSH enzymes have attracted significant interest for their ability to modulate the composition of the bile acid pool, alter bile acid signaling events mediated by the host bile acid receptors FXR and TGR5 and influence cholesterol homeostasis in the host, while PVA enzymes have been widely utilised in an industrial capacity in the production of semi-synthetic antibiotics. The similarities between BSH and PVA enzymes suggest common evolution of these enzymes and shared mechanisms for substrate binding and catalysis. Here, we compare BSH and PVA through analysis of the distribution, phylogeny and biochemistry of these microbial enzymes. The development of new annotation approaches based upon functional enzyme analyses and the potential implications of BSH enzymes for host health are discussed.
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19
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Wang G, Zhai Z, Ren F, Li Z, Zhang B, Hao Y. Combined transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of the response to bile stress in a centenarian-originated probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius Ren. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109331. [PMID: 33233046 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Tolerance to bile stress is a crucial property for probiotics to survive in the gastrointestinal tract and exert their beneficial effects. In this work, transcriptomic analysis combined with two-dimensional electrophoresis revealed that the transcript levels of 129 genes and the abundance of 34 proteins were significantly changed in Lactobacillus salivarius Ren when exposed to 0.75 g/L ox-bile. Notably, carbohydrate metabolism shifted to the utilization of maltose and glycerol for energy production, suggesting that L. salivarius Ren expanded carbon sources profile for gut adaptation in response to bile. Moreover, the enzymes involved in cell surface charge modification and the cell envelope-located hemolysin-like protein were overproduced, which was supposed to hinder the penetration of bile. Then, the up-regulated ABC transporters could contribute to the extrusion of bile accumulated in the cytoplasm. Additionally, proteolytic system was activated to provide more amino acids for the synthesis and repair of proteins damaged by bile. Finally, γ-glutamylcysteine with antioxidant activity and oxidoreductases for redox homeostasis were increased to cope with the bile-induced oxidative stress. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in bile stress response and adaptation in L. salivarius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhengyuan Zhai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, Beijing, China
| | - Zaigui Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Bing Zhang
- Core Genomic Facility, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Yanling Hao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, Beijing, China.
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20
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Tarrah A, da Silva Duarte V, Pakroo S, Corich V, Giacomini A. Genomic and phenotypic assessments of safety and probiotic properties of Streptococcus macedonicus strains of dairy origin. Food Res Int 2020; 130:108931. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Seishima J, Iida N, Kitamura K, Yutani M, Wang Z, Seki A, Yamashita T, Sakai Y, Honda M, Yamashita T, Kagaya T, Shirota Y, Fujinaga Y, Mizukoshi E, Kaneko S. Gut-derived Enterococcus faecium from ulcerative colitis patients promotes colitis in a genetically susceptible mouse host. Genome Biol 2019; 20:252. [PMID: 31767028 PMCID: PMC6876129 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-019-1879-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent metagenomic analyses have revealed dysbiosis of the gut microbiota of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. However, the impacts of this dysbiosis are not fully understood, particularly at the strain level. Results We perform whole-genome shotgun sequencing of fecal DNA extracts from 13 healthy donors and 16 UC and 8 Crohn’s disease (CD) patients. The microbiota of UC and CD patients is taxonomically and functionally divergent from that of healthy donors, with E. faecium being the most differentially abundant species between the two microbial communities. Transplantation of feces from UC or CD patients into Il10−/− mice promotes pathological inflammation and cytokine expression in the mouse colon, although distinct cytokine expression profiles are observed between UC and CD. Unlike isolates derived from healthy donors, E. faecium isolates from the feces of UC patients, along with E. faecium strain ATCC 19434, promotes colitis and colonic cytokine expression. Inflammatory E. faecium strains, including ATCC 19434 and a UC-derived strain, cluster separately from commercially available probiotic strains based on whole-genome shotgun sequencing analysis. The presence of E. faecium in fecal samples is associated with large disease extent and the need for multiple medications in UC patients. Conclusions E. faecium strains derived from UC patients display an inflammatory genotype that causes colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Seishima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Noriho Iida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kitamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yutani
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicinal Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Akihiro Seki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Taro Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yoshio Sakai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Masao Honda
- Department of Advanced Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Takashi Kagaya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shirota
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yukako Fujinaga
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicinal Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Eishiro Mizukoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan.
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
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22
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Ryan PM, Stolte EH, London LEE, Wells JM, Long SL, Joyce SA, Gahan CGM, Fitzgerald GF, Ross RP, Caplice NM, Stanton C. Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 as a bile-modifying and immunomodulatory microbe. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:33. [PMID: 30736731 PMCID: PMC6368806 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1403-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 has previously demonstrated potentially cardio-protective properties, in the form of dyslipidaemia and hypercholesterolemia correction in an apolipoprotein-E deficient mouse model. This study aims to characterise the manner in which this microbe may modulate host bile pool composition and immune response, in the context of cardiovascular disease. Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 was assessed for bile salt hydrolase activity and specificity. The microbe was compared against several other enteric strains of the same species, as well as a confirmed bile salt hydrolase-active strain, Lactobacillus reuteri APC 2587. Results Quantitative bile salt hydrolase assays revealed that enzymatic extracts from Lactobacillus reuteri APC 2587 and Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 demonstrate the greatest activity in vitro. Bile acid profiling of porcine and murine bile following incubation with Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 confirmed a preference for hydrolysis of glyco-conjugated bile acids. In addition, the purified exopolysaccharide and secretome of Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 were investigated for immunomodulatory capabilities using RAW264.7 macrophages. Gene expression data revealed that both fractions stimulated increases in interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 gene transcription in the murine macrophages, while the entire secretome was necessary to increase CD206 transcription. Moreover, the exopolysaccharide elicited a dose-dependent increase in nitric oxide and interleukin-10 production from RAW264.7 macrophages, concurrent with increased tumour necrosis factor-α secretion at all doses. Conclusions This study indicates that Lactobacillus mucosae DPC 6426 modulates both bile pool composition and immune system tone in a manner which may contribute significantly to the previously identified cardio-protective phenotype. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-019-1403-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Ryan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Food Biosciences Department, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ellen H Stolte
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, University of Wageningen, Animal Sciences Department, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lis E E London
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Food Biosciences Department, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jerry M Wells
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, University of Wageningen, Animal Sciences Department, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah L Long
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Susan A Joyce
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cormac G M Gahan
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerald F Fitzgerald
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Noel M Caplice
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Food Biosciences Department, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co, Cork, Ireland. .,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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23
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Khaldi TEM, Kebouchi M, Soligot C, Gomri MA, Kharroub K, Le Roux Y, Roux E. Streptococcus macedonicus strains isolated from traditional fermented milks: resistance to gastrointestinal environment and adhesion ability. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:2759-2771. [PMID: 30701281 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09651-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Streptococcus macedonicus (S. macedonicus) strains were identified from Algerian traditional fermented milks (Lben and Rayeb). Important prerequisites of probiotic interest such as acidity, bile salts tolerance, and adhesion ability to epithelial cells were investigated. A combination of phenotypic (ability to grow on Bile Esculin Azide medium, BEA; on high salt content medium NaCl 6.5%; on alkaline medium pH 9.6) and genotypic approaches (16S rRNA, ITS genes sequencing and MLST technique) allowed to identify four genetically distinct strains of S. macedonicus. These four strains and two references, Streptococcus thermophilus LMD-9 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), were tested for their capacity to survive at low pH values, and at different concentrations of an equimolar bile salts mixture (BSM). Two different cell lines, Caco-2 TC7 and HT29-MTX, were used for the adhesion study. The results show that S. macedonicus strains selected constitute a distinct genetic entity from the Greek strain S. macedonicus ACA-DC-198. They were able to survive up to pH 3 and could tolerate high concentrations of bile salts (10 mM), unlike LMD-9 and LGG strains. Our strains also display in vitro adhesion similar to the LGG strain on Caco-2 TC7 and higher adhesion than the LMD-9 strain to Caco-2 TC7 and HT29-MTX cell models. This first characterization allows considering S. macedonicus as a potential candidate for possible probiotic effects that need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tedj El Moulouk Khaldi
- Laboratoire Alimentation, Nutrition et Santé (ALNUTS), Institut de la Nutrition, de l'Alimentation et des Technologies Agro Alimentaires (INATAA), Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1 (UFMC1), Route de Ain El Bey, 25000, Constantine, Algeria
| | | | - Claire Soligot
- INRA, URAFPA, Université de Lorraine, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Mohamed Amine Gomri
- Laboratoire Biotechnologie et Qualité des Aliments (BIOQUAL), Equipe Métabolites des Extrêmophiles METEX, Institut de la Nutrition, de l'Alimentation et des Technologies Agro Alimentaires (INATAA), Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1 (UFMC1), Route de Ain El Bey, 25000, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Karima Kharroub
- Laboratoire Biotechnologie et Qualité des Aliments (BIOQUAL), Equipe Métabolites des Extrêmophiles METEX, Institut de la Nutrition, de l'Alimentation et des Technologies Agro Alimentaires (INATAA), Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1 (UFMC1), Route de Ain El Bey, 25000, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Yves Le Roux
- INRA, URAFPA, Université de Lorraine, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Emeline Roux
- CALBINOTOX, Université de Lorraine, F-54000, Nancy, France.
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24
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Song Z, Cai Y, Lao X, Wang X, Lin X, Cui Y, Kalavagunta PK, Liao J, Jin L, Shang J, Li J. Taxonomic profiling and populational patterns of bacterial bile salt hydrolase (BSH) genes based on worldwide human gut microbiome. MICROBIOME 2019; 7:9. [PMID: 30674356 PMCID: PMC6345003 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0628-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bile salt hydrolase plays an important role in bile acid-mediated signaling pathways, which regulate lipid absorption, glucose metabolism, and energy homeostasis. Several reports suggest that changes in the composition of bile acids are found in many diseases caused by dysbacteriosis. RESULTS Here, we present the taxonomic identification of bile salt hydrolase (BSH) in human microbiota and elucidate the abundance and activity differences of various bacterial BSH among 11 different populations from six continents. For the first time, we revealed that bile salt hydrolase protein sequences (BSHs) are distributed in 591 intestinal bacterial strains within 117 genera in human microbiota, and 27.52% of these bacterial strains containing BSH paralogs. Significant variations are observed in BSH distribution patterns among different populations. Based on phylogenetic analysis, we reclassified these BSHs into eight phylotypes and investigated the abundance patterns of these phylotypes among different populations. From the inspection of enzyme activity among different BSH phylotypes, BSH-T3 showed the highest enzyme activity and is only found in Lactobaclillus. The phylotypes of BSH-T5 and BSH-T6 mainly from Bacteroides with high percentage of paralogs exhibit different enzyme activity and deconjugation activity. Furthermore, we found that there were significant differences between healthy individuals and patients with atherosclerosis and diabetes in some phylotypes of BSHs though the correlations were pleiotropic. CONCLUSION This study revealed the taxonomic and abundance profiling of BSH in human gut microbiome and provided a phylogenetic-based system to assess BSHs activity by classifying the target sequence into specific phylotype. Furthermore, the present work disclosed the variation patterns of BSHs among different populations of geographical regions and health/disease cohorts, which is essential to understand the role of BSH in the development and progression of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Song
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Yuanyuan Cai
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Xingzhen Lao
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Xiaoxuan Lin
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Yingyun Cui
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | | | - Jun Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Liang Jin
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Jing Shang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
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25
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Isolation and Determination of Bile Salt Hydrolase-Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria from Fermented Spider Plant. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.12.3.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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26
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Dong Z, Lee BH. Bile salt hydrolases: Structure and function, substrate preference, and inhibitor development. Protein Sci 2018; 27:1742-1754. [PMID: 30098054 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide trend of limiting the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in animal production creates challenges for the animal feed industry, thus necessitating the development of effective non-antibiotic alternatives to improve animal performance. Increasing evidence has shown that the growth-promoting effect of AGPs is highly correlated with the reduced activity of bile salt hydrolase (BSH, EC 3.5.1.24), an intestinal bacteria-producing enzyme that has a negative impact on host fat digestion and energy harvest. Therefore, BSH inhibitors may become novel, attractive alternatives to AGPs. Detailed knowledge of BSH substrate preferences and the wealth of structural data on BSHs provide a solid foundation for rationally tailored BSH inhibitor design. This review focuses on the relationship between structure and function of BSHs based on the crystal structure, kinetic data, molecular docking and comparative structural analyses. The molecular basis for BSH substrate recognition is also discussed. Finally, recent advances and future prospectives in the development of potent, safe, and cost-effective BSH inhibitors are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixing Dong
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Byong H Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, South Korea.,Department of Microbiology/Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 2B4
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27
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Enright EF, Griffin BT, Gahan CG, Joyce SA. Microbiome-mediated bile acid modification: Role in intestinal drug absorption and metabolism. Pharmacol Res 2018; 133:170-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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28
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Edith Marius FK, François ZN, Pierre Marie K, Rui Yan W, Taicheng Z, Li Y. Screening and Characterization of Lactobacillus sp. from the Water of Cassava’s Fermentation for Selection as Probiotics. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2017.1413984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Foko Kouam Edith Marius
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition (LABPMAN), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Zambou Ngoufack François
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition (LABPMAN), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Kaktcham Pierre Marie
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition (LABPMAN), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Wang Rui Yan
- Centre of Excellence for Biotechnology, CoEBIO, Institute of Microbiology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhu Taicheng
- China Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Microbial, Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Li
- China Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Microbial, Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Beijing, China
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29
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Arnold JW, Simpson JB, Roach J, Kwintkiewicz J, Azcarate-Peril MA. Intra-species Genomic and Physiological Variability Impact Stress Resistance in Strains of Probiotic Potential. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:242. [PMID: 29515537 PMCID: PMC5826259 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale microbiome studies have established that most of the diversity contained in the gastrointestinal tract is represented at the strain level; however, exhaustive genomic and physiological characterization of human isolates is still lacking. With increased use of probiotics as interventions for gastrointestinal disorders, genomic and functional characterization of novel microorganisms becomes essential. In this study, we explored the impact of strain-level genomic variability on bacterial physiology of two novel human Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains (AMC143 and AMC010) of probiotic potential in relation to stress resistance. The strains showed differences with known probiotic strains (L. rhamnosus GG, Lc705, and HN001) at the genomic level, including nucleotide polymorphisms, mutations in non-coding regulatory regions, and rearrangements of genomic architecture. Transcriptomics analysis revealed that gene expression profiles differed between strains when exposed to simulated gastrointestinal stresses, suggesting the presence of unique regulatory systems in each strain. In vitro physiological assays to test resistance to conditions mimicking the gut environment (acid, alkali, and bile stress) showed that growth of L. rhamnosus AMC143 was inhibited upon exposure to alkaline pH, while AMC010 and control strain LGG were unaffected. AMC143 also showed a significant survival advantage compared to the other strains upon bile exposure. Reverse transcription qPCR targeting the bile salt hydrolase gene (bsh) revealed that AMC143 expressed bsh poorly (a consequence of a deletion in the bsh promoter and truncation of bsh gene in AMC143), while AMC010 had significantly higher expression levels than AMC143 or LGG. Insertional inactivation of the bsh gene in AMC010 suggested that bsh could be detrimental to bacterial survival during bile stress. Together, these findings show that coupling of classical microbiology with functional genomics methods for the characterization of bacterial strains is critical for the development of novel probiotics, as variability between strains can dramatically alter bacterial physiology and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason W. Arnold
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Microbiome Core Facility, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Joshua B. Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jeffrey Roach
- Research Computing, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jakub Kwintkiewicz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Microbiome Core Facility, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - M. Andrea Azcarate-Peril
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Microbiome Core Facility, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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30
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Allain T, Chaouch S, Thomas M, Vallée I, Buret AG, Langella P, Grellier P, Polack B, Bermúdez-Humarán LG, Florent I. Bile-Salt-Hydrolases from the Probiotic Strain Lactobacillus johnsonii La1 Mediate Anti-giardial Activity in Vitro and in Vivo. Front Microbiol 2018; 8:2707. [PMID: 29472895 PMCID: PMC5810305 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis (syn. G. lamblia, G. intestinalis) is the protozoan parasite responsible for giardiasis, the most common and widely spread intestinal parasitic disease worldwide, affecting both humans and animals. After cysts ingestion (through either contaminated food or water), Giardia excysts in the upper intestinal tract to release replicating trophozoites that are responsible for the production of symptoms. In the gut, Giardia cohabits with the host's microbiota, and several studies have revealed the importance of this gut ecosystem and/or some probiotic bacteria in providing protection against G. duodenalis infection through mechanisms that remain incompletely understood. Recent findings suggest that Bile-Salt-Hydrolase (BSH)-like activities from the probiotic strain of Lactobacillus johnsonii La1 may contribute to the anti-giardial activity displayed by this strain. Here, we cloned and expressed each of the three bsh genes present in the L. johnsonii La1 genome to study their enzymatic and biological properties. While BSH47 and BSH56 were expressed as recombinant active enzymes, no significant enzymatic activity was detected with BSH12. In vitro assays allowed determining the substrate specificities of both BSH47 and BSH56, which were different. Modeling of these BSHs indicated a strong conservation of their 3-D structures despite low conservation of their primary structures. Both recombinant enzymes were able to mediate anti-giardial biological activity against Giardia trophozoites in vitro. Moreover, BSH47 exerted significant anti-giardial effects when tested in a murine model of giardiasis. These results shed new light on the mechanism, whereby active BSH derived from the probiotic strain Lactobacillus johnsonii La1 may yield anti-giardial effects in vitro and in vivo. These findings pave the way toward novel approaches for the treatment of this widely spread but neglected infectious disease, both in human and in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Allain
- Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,UMR7245, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne-Universités, Paris, France
| | - Soraya Chaouch
- UMR7245, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne-Universités, Paris, France
| | - Myriam Thomas
- JRU BIPAR, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, INRA, Université Paris-Est, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Isabelle Vallée
- JRU BIPAR, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, INRA, Université Paris-Est, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - André G Buret
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Philippe Langella
- Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Philippe Grellier
- UMR7245, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne-Universités, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Polack
- JRU BIPAR, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, INRA, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Luis G Bermúdez-Humarán
- Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Isabelle Florent
- UMR7245, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne-Universités, Paris, France
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31
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Lee JY, Han GG, Kim EB, Choi YJ. Comparative genomics of Lactobacillus salivarius strains focusing on their host adaptation. Microbiol Res 2017; 205:48-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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32
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Lee JY, Han GG, Lee HB, Lee SM, Kang SK, Jin GD, Park J, Chae BJ, Choi YH, Kim EB, Choi YJ. Prohibition of antibiotic growth promoters has affected the genomic profiles of Lactobacillus salivarius inhabiting the swine intestine. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186671. [PMID: 29059217 PMCID: PMC5653324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
After the introduction of a ban on the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) for livestock, the feeding environment, including the composition of animal intestinal microbiota, has changed rapidly. We hypothesized that the microbial genomes have also been affected by this legal prohibition, and investigated an important member of the swine gut microbiota, Lactobacillus salivarius, with a pan-genomic approach. Here, we isolated 21 L. salivarius strains composed of 6 strains isolated before the AGP prohibition (SBPs) and 15 strains isolated after the AGP prohibition (SAPs) at an interval of a decade, and the draft genomes were generated de novo. Several genomic differences between SBPs and SAPs were identified, although the number and function of antibiotic resistance genes were not different. SBPs showed larger genome size and a higher number of orthologs, as well as lower genetic diversity, than SAPs. SBPs had genes associated with the utilization of L-rhamnose and D-tagatose for energy production. Because these sugars are also used in exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesis, we tried to identify differences in biofilm formation-associated genes. The genes for the production of EPSs and extracellular proteins were different in terms of amino acid sequences. Indeed, SAPs formed dense biofilm and survived better than SBPs in the swine intestinal environment. These results suggest that SAPs have evolved and adapted to protect themselves from new selection pressure of the swine intestinal microenvironment by forming dense biofilms, adopting a distinct antibiotic resistance strategy. This finding is particularly important to understand the evolutionary changes in host-microbe interaction and provide detailed insight for the development of effective probiotics for livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yeong Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon Goo Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Bin Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mok Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kee Kang
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwi-Deuk Jin
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongbin Park
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Jo Chae
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo Han Choi
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Bae Kim
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jaie Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Bacterial bile salt hydrolase: an intestinal microbiome target for enhanced animal health. Anim Health Res Rev 2017; 17:148-158. [PMID: 28155801 DOI: 10.1017/s1466252316000153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To effectively mitigate antimicrobial resistance in the agricultural ecosystem, there is an increasing pressure to reduce and eliminate the use of in-feed antibiotics for growth promotion and disease prevention in food animals. However, limiting antibiotic use could compromise animal production efficiency and health. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop effective alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs). Increasing evidence has shown that the growth-promoting effect of AGPs was highly correlated with the reduced activity of bile salt hydrolase (BSH), an intestinal bacterial enzyme that has a negative impact on host fat digestion and energy harvest; consistent with this finding, the population of Lactobacillus species, the major intestinal BSH-producer, was significantly reduced in response to AGP use. Thus, BSH is a key mechanistic microbiome target for developing novel alternatives to AGPs. Despite recent significant progress in the characterization of diverse BSH enzymes, research on BSH is still in its infancy. This review is focused on the function of BSH and its significant impacts on host physiology in human beings, laboratory animals and food animals. The gaps in BSH-based translational microbiome research for enhanced animal health are also identified and discussed.
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Long SL, Gahan CGM, Joyce SA. Interactions between gut bacteria and bile in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 56:54-65. [PMID: 28602676 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver and released into the intestine to aid the digestion of dietary lipids. The host enzymes that contribute to bile acid synthesis in the liver and the regulatory pathways that influence the composition of the total bile acid pool in the host have been well established. In addition, the gut microbiota provides unique contributions to the diversity of bile acids in the bile acid pool. Gut microbial enzymes contribute significantly to bile acid metabolism through deconjugation and dehydroxylation reactions to generate unconjugated bile acids and secondary bile acids. These microbial enzymes (which include bile salt hydrolase (BSH) and bile acid-inducible (BAI) enzymes) are essential for bile acid homeostasis in the host and represent a vital contribution of the gut microbiome to host health. Perturbation of the gut microbiota in disease states may therefore significantly influence bile acid signatures in the host, especially in the context of gastrointestinal or systemic disease. Given that bile acids are ligands for host cell receptors (including the FXR, TGR5 and Vitamin D Receptor) alterations to microbial enzymes and associated changes to bile acid signatures have significant consequences for the host. In this review we examine the contribution of microbial enzymes to the process of bile acid metabolism in the host and discuss the implications for microbe-host signalling in the context of C. difficile infection, inflammatory bowel disease and other disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Long
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cormac G M Gahan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Susan A Joyce
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Lactobacilli occupy a unique position in human culture and scientific history. Like brewer’s and baker’s yeast, lactobacilli have been associated with food production and preservation for thousands of years.
Lactobacillus
species are used in mixed microbial cultures, such as the classical
Lactobacillus bulgaricus
/
Streptococcus thermophilus
inoculum for yogurt fermentation, or combinations of diverse lactobacilli/yeasts in kefir grains. The association of lactobacilli consumption with greater longevity and improved health formed the basis for developing lactobacilli as probiotics, whose market has exploded worldwide in the past 10 years. The decade that followed the determination of the first genome sequence of a food-associated species,
Lactobacillus plantarum
, saw the application to lactobacilli of a full range of functional genomics methods to identify the genes and gene products that govern their distinctive phenotypes and health associations. In this review, we will briefly remind the reader of the range of beneficial effects attributed to lactobacilli, and then explain the phylogenomic basis for the distribution of these traits across the genus. Recognizing the strain specificity of probiotic effects, we review studies of intraspecific genomic variation and their contributions to identifying probiotic traits. Finally we offer a perspective on classification of lactobacilli into new genera in a scheme that will make attributing probiotic properties to clades, taxa, and species more logical and more robust.
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Monedero V, Revilla-Guarinos A, Zúñiga M. Physiological Role of Two-Component Signal Transduction Systems in Food-Associated Lactic Acid Bacteria. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2017; 99:1-51. [PMID: 28438266 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Two-component systems (TCSs) are widespread signal transduction pathways mainly found in bacteria where they play a major role in adaptation to changing environmental conditions. TCSs generally consist of sensor histidine kinases that autophosphorylate in response to a specific stimulus and subsequently transfer the phosphate group to their cognate response regulators thus modulating their activity, usually as transcriptional regulators. In this review we present the current knowledge on the physiological role of TCSs in species of the families Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae of the group of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). LAB are microorganisms of great relevance for health and food production as the group spans from starter organisms to pathogens. Whereas the role of TCSs in pathogenic LAB (most of them belonging to the family Streptococcaceae) has focused the attention, the roles of TCSs in commensal LAB, such as most species of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae, have been somewhat neglected. However, evidence available indicates that TCSs are key players in the regulation of the physiology of these bacteria. The first studies in food-associated LAB showed the involvement of some TCSs in quorum sensing and production of bacteriocins, but subsequent studies have shown that TCSs participate in other physiological processes, such as stress response, regulation of nitrogen metabolism, regulation of malate metabolism, and resistance to antimicrobial peptides, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Monedero
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Paterna, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Zúñiga
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Paterna, Spain
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Chand D, Avinash VS, Yadav Y, Pundle AV, Suresh CG, Ramasamy S. Molecular features of bile salt hydrolases and relevance in human health. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2981-2991. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of the bile stress response in probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius LI01. J Proteomics 2016; 150:216-229. [PMID: 27585996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus salivarius LI01, isolated from healthy humans, has demonstrated probiotic properties in the prevention and treatment of liver failure. Tolerance to bile stress is crucial to allow lactobacilli to survive in the gastrointestinal tract and exert their benefits. In this work, we used a Digital Gene Expression transcriptomic and iTRAQ LC-MS/MS proteomic approach to examine the characteristics of LI01 in response to bile stress. Using culture medium with or without 0.15% ox bile, 591 differentially transcribed genes and 347 differentially expressed proteins were detected in LI01. Overall, we found the bile resistance of LI01 to be based on a highly remodeled cell envelope and a reinforced bile efflux system rather than on the activity of bile salt hydrolases. Additionally, some differentially expressed genes related to regulatory systems, the general stress response and central metabolism processes, also play roles in stress sensing, bile-induced damage prevention and energy efficiency. Moreover, bile salts appear to enhance proteolysis and amino acid uptake (especially aromatic amino acids) by LI01, which may support the liver protection properties of this strain. Altogether, this study establishes a model of global response mechanism to bile stress in L. salivarius LI01. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE L. salivarius strain LI01 exhibits not only antibacterial and antifungal properties but also exerts a good health-promoting effect in acute liver failure. As a potential probiotic strain, the bile-tolerance trait of strain LI01 is important, though this has not yet been explored. In this study, an analysis based on DGE and iTRAQ was performed to investigate the gene expression in strain LI01 under bile stress at the mRNA and protein levels, respectively. To our knowledge, this work also represents the first combined transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of the bile stress response mechanism in L. salivarius.
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Bile salt tolerance of Lactococcus lactis is enhanced by expression of bile salt hydrolase thereby producing less bile acid in the cells. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 38:659-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-2018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Fecal Microbial Transplant After Ileocolic Resection Reduces Ileitis but Restores Colitis in IL-10-/- Mice. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015; 21:1479-90. [PMID: 26070001 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ileocolic resection (ICR) is frequently performed for Crohn's disease; however, disease commonly recurs early in the neoterminal ileum. The aim of this study was to use the IL-10(-/-) mouse to determine the effects of ICR on gut microbiome and immune function and if postoperative fecal microbial transplant (FMT) would improve disease. METHODS ICR was performed in 129S1/SvlmJ IL10(-/-) mice followed by FMT using stool from wild-type mice. Sham-transplant mice received their own stool. Stool samples were collected on day 0, day 13 (after ICR), and day 27 (after FMT) for whole metagenome shot-gun sequencing. Mucosal-associated bacteria were quantified with quantitative PCR and visualized by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Tissue cytokines were measured with multiplex arrays and mononuclear phagocyte populations by flow cytometry. RESULTS Surgery induced microbial functional and taxonomic shifts, decreased diversity, and depleted Bacteroidia and Clostridia. ICR mice had reduced colitis but worse ileitis with bacterial overgrowth, increased translocation, and reduction in tissue macrophages. FMT prevented ileitis but restored colitis and allowed for a bloom of γ-proteobacteria. In the colon, ICR and sham transplant were associated with recruitment of tolerogenic dendritic cells, whereas FMT shifted these immune cell subsets to control profiles along with increasing cytokine levels. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that surgical-induced immune dysfunction and microbial dysbiosis with impaired clearance may be the underlying cause of the early ulcerations found in the ileum of patients with Crohn's disease after ICR. FMT has an immunostimulatory effect on the postoperative intestine, which was beneficial in preventing ileitis, but detrimental in restoring colonic injury after surgery.
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Wang G, Li D, Ma X, An H, Zhai Z, Ren F, Hao Y. Functional role of oppA encoding an oligopeptide-binding protein from Lactobacillus salivarius Ren in bile tolerance. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 42:1167-74. [PMID: 25998246 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-015-1634-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus salivarius is a member of the indigenous microbiota of the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and some L. salivarius strains are considered as probiotics. Bile tolerance is a crucial property for probiotic bacteria to survive the transit through the GIT and exert their beneficial effects. In this work, the functional role of oppA encoding an oligopeptide transporter substrate-binding protein from L. salivarius Ren in bile salt tolerance was investigated. In silico analysis revealed that the oppA gene encodes a 61.7-kDa cell surface-anchored hydrophilic protein with a canonical lipoprotein signal peptide. Homologous overexpression of OppA was shown to confer 20-fold higher tolerance to 0.5 % oxgall in L. salivarius Ren. Furthermore, the recombinant strain exhibited 1.8-fold and 3.6-fold higher survival when exposed to the sublethal concentration of sodium taurocholate and sodium taurodeoxycholate, respectively, while no significant change was observed when exposed to sodium glycocholate and sodium glycodeoxycholate (GDCA). Our results indicate that OppA confers specific resistance to taurine-conjugated bile salts in L. salivarius Ren. In addition, the OppA overexpression strain also showed significant increased resistance to heat and salt stresses, suggesting the protective role of OppA against multiple stresses in L. salivarius Ren.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qing Hua East Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100083, China
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Martoni CJ, Labbé A, Ganopolsky JG, Prakash S, Jones ML. Changes in bile acids, FGF-19 and sterol absorption in response to bile salt hydrolase active L. reuteri NCIMB 30242. Gut Microbes 2015; 6:57-65. [PMID: 25612224 PMCID: PMC4615650 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2015.1005474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The size and composition of the circulating bile acid (BA) pool are important factors in regulating the human gut microbiota. Disrupted regulation of BA metabolism is implicated in several chronic diseases. Bile salt hydrolase (BSH)-active Lactobacillus reuteri NCIMB 30242, previously shown to decrease LDL-cholesterol and increase circulating BA, was investigated for its dose response effect on BA profile in a pilot clinical study. Ten otherwise healthy hypercholesterolemic adults, recruited from a clinical trial site in London, ON, were randomized to consume delayed release or standard release capsules containing L. reuteri NCIMB 30242 in escalating dose over 4 weeks. In another aspect, 4 healthy normocholesterolemic subjects with LDL-C below 3.4 mmol/l received delayed release L. reuteri NCIMB 30242 at a constant dose over 4 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the change in plasma BA profile over the intervention period. Additional outcomes included circulating fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-19, plant sterols and LDL-cholesterol as well as fecal microbiota and bsh gene presence. After one week of intervention subjects receiving delayed release L. reuteri NCIMB 30242 increased total BA by 1.13 ± 0.67 μmol/l (P = 0.02), conjugated BA by 0.67 ± 0.39 μmol/l (P = 0.02) and unconjugated BA by 0.46 ± 0.43 μmol/l (P = 0.07), which represented a greater than 2-fold change relative to baseline. Increases in BA were largely maintained post-week 1 and were generally correlated with FGF-19 and inversely correlated with plant sterols. This is the first clinical support showing that a BSH-active probiotic can significantly and rapidly influence BA metabolism and may prove useful in chronic diseases beyond hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Satya Prakash
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory; Dept. of Biomedical Engineering; Faculty of Medicine; McGill University; Montreal, QC Canada
- Micropharma Limited; Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Mitchell L Jones
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory; Dept. of Biomedical Engineering; Faculty of Medicine; McGill University; Montreal, QC Canada
- Micropharma Limited; Montreal, QC Canada
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Avinash VS, Pundle AV, Ramasamy S, Suresh CG. Penicillin acylases revisited: importance beyond their industrial utility. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2014; 36:303-16. [PMID: 25430891 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.960359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
It is of great importance to study the physiological roles of enzymes in nature; however, in some cases, it is not easily apparent. Penicillin acylases are pharmaceutically important enzymes that cleave the acyl side chains of penicillins, thus paving the way for production of newer semi-synthetic antibiotics. They are classified according to the type of penicillin (G or V) that they preferentially hydrolyze. Penicillin acylases are also used in the resolution of racemic mixtures and peptide synthesis. However, it is rather unfortunate that the focus on the use of penicillin acylases for industrial applications has stolen the spotlight from the study of the importance of these enzymes in natural metabolism. The penicillin acylases, so far characterized from different organisms, show differences in their structural nature and substrate spectrum. These enzymes are also closely related to the bacterial signalling phenomenon, quorum sensing, as detailed in this review. This review details studies on biochemical and structural characteristics of recently discovered penicillin acylases. We also attempt to organize the available insights into the possible in vivo role of penicillin acylases and related enzymes and emphasize the need to refocus research efforts in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vellore Sunder Avinash
- a Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National , National Chemical Laboratory , Pune , India
| | - Archana Vishnu Pundle
- a Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National , National Chemical Laboratory , Pune , India
| | - Sureshkumar Ramasamy
- a Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National , National Chemical Laboratory , Pune , India
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Joyce SA, Shanahan F, Hill C, Gahan CGM. Bacterial bile salt hydrolase in host metabolism: Potential for influencing gastrointestinal microbe-host crosstalk. Gut Microbes 2014; 5:669-74. [PMID: 25483337 PMCID: PMC4615832 DOI: 10.4161/19490976.2014.969986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlled, reductionist approaches are required in order to obtain a more complete understanding of the functional capabilities of the gut microbiota. We recently identified microbial bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity as a gut microbial activity that has the capacity to profoundly alter both local (gastrointestinal) and systemic (hepatic) host functions. Using both germ free and conventionally-raised mouse models we demonstrated that gastrointestinal expression of BSH results in local bile acid deconjugation with concomitant alterations in lipid and cholesterol metabolism, signaling functions and weight gain. Key mediators of cholesterol homeostasis (Abcg5/8), gut homeostasis (RegIIIγ) and circadian rhythm (Dbp) were influenced by elevated BSH in our study. In this addendum we discuss the implications of this work for the rational development of probiotics with the potential to modulate host weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Joyce
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre; University College Cork; Cork, Ireland,School of Medicine; University College Cork; Cork, Ireland
| | - Fergus Shanahan
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre; University College Cork; Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre; University College Cork; Cork, Ireland,School of Microbiology; University College Cork; Cork, Ireland
| | - Cormac GM Gahan
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre; University College Cork; Cork, Ireland,School of Microbiology; University College Cork; Cork, Ireland,School of Pharmacy; University College Cork; Cork, Ireland,Correspondence to: Cormac GM Gahan;
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Raftis EJ, Forde BM, Claesson MJ, O'Toole PW. Unusual genome complexity in Lactobacillus salivarius JCM1046. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:771. [PMID: 25201645 PMCID: PMC4165912 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lactobacillus salivarius strains are increasingly being exploited for their probiotic properties in humans and animals. Dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes among species with food or probiotic-association is undesirable and is often mediated by plasmids or integrative and conjugative elements. L. salivarius strains typically have multireplicon genomes including circular megaplasmids that encode strain-specific traits for intestinal survival and probiotic activity. Linear plasmids are less common in lactobacilli and show a very limited distribution in L. salivarius. Here we present experimental evidence that supports an unusually complex multireplicon genome structure in the porcine isolate L. salivarius JCM1046. Results JCM1046 harbours a 1.83 Mb chromosome, and four plasmids which constitute 20% of the genome. In addition to the known 219 kb repA-type megaplasmid pMP1046A, we identified and experimentally validated the topology of three additional replicons, the circular pMP1046B (129 kb), a linear plasmid pLMP1046 (101 kb) and pCTN1046 (33 kb) harbouring a conjugative transposon. pMP1046B harbours both plasmid-associated replication genes and paralogues of chromosomally encoded housekeeping and information-processing related genes, thus qualifying it as a putative chromid. pLMP1046 shares limited sequence homology or gene synteny with other L. salivarius plasmids, and its putative replication-associated protein is homologous to the RepA/E proteins found in the large circular megaplasmids of L. salivarius. Plasmid pCTN1046 harbours a single copy of an integrated conjugative transposon (Tn6224) which appears to be functionally intact and includes the tetracycline resistance gene tetM. Conclusion Experimental validation of sequence assemblies and plasmid topology resolved the complex genome architecture of L. salivarius JCM1046. A high-coverage draft genome sequence would not have elucidated the genome complexity in this strain. Given the expanding use of L. salivarius as a probiotic, it is important to determine the genotypic and phenotypic organization of L. salivarius strains. The identification of Tn6224-like elements in this species has implications for strain selection for probiotic applications. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-771) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul W O'Toole
- School of Microbiology University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Guo CF, Li JY. A combination of Tween 80 with CaCl2 enhances the hypocholesterolemic activity of bile salt hydrolase-active Lactobacillus casei F0422 in rats fed a cholesterol-rich diet. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Regulation of host weight gain and lipid metabolism by bacterial bile acid modification in the gut. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:7421-6. [PMID: 24799697 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1323599111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the gastrointestinal microbiota have been implicated in obesity in mice and humans, but the key microbial functions influencing host energy metabolism and adiposity remain to be determined. Despite an increased understanding of the genetic content of the gastrointestinal microbiome, functional analyses of common microbial gene sets are required. We established a controlled expression system for the parallel functional analysis of microbial alleles in the murine gut. Using this approach we show that bacterial bile salt hydrolase (BSH) mediates a microbe-host dialogue that functionally regulates host lipid metabolism and plays a profound role in cholesterol metabolism and weight gain in the host. Expression of cloned BSH enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract of gnotobiotic or conventionally raised mice significantly altered plasma bile acid signatures and regulated transcription of key genes involved in lipid metabolism (Pparγ, Angptl4), cholesterol metabolism (Abcg5/8), gastrointestinal homeostasis (RegIIIγ), and circadian rhythm (Dbp, Per1/2) in the liver or small intestine. High-level expression of BSH in conventionally raised mice resulted in a significant reduction in host weight gain, plasma cholesterol, and liver triglycerides, demonstrating the overall impact of elevated BSH activity on host physiology. In addition, BSH activity in vivo varied according to BSH allele group, indicating that subtle differences in activity can have significant effects on the host. In summary, we demonstrate that bacterial BSH activity significantly impacts the systemic metabolic processes and adiposity in the host and represents a key mechanistic target for the control of obesity and hypercholesterolemia.
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Lin J. Antibiotic growth promoters enhance animal production by targeting intestinal bile salt hydrolase and its producers. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:33. [PMID: 24575079 PMCID: PMC3920069 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth-promoting effect of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) was correlated with the decreased activity of bile salt hydrolase (BSH), an intestinal bacteria-produced enzyme that exerts negative impact on host fat digestion and utilization. Consistent with this finding, independent chicken studies have demonstrated that AGP usage significantly reduced population of Lactobacillus species, the major BSH-producers in the intestine. Recent finding also demonstrated that some AGPs, such as tetracycline and roxarsone, display direct inhibitory effect on BSH activity. Therefore, BSH is a promising microbiome target for developing novel alternatives to AGPs. Specifically, dietary supplementation of BSH inhibitor may promote host lipid metabolism and energy harvest, consequently enhancing feed efficiency and body weight gain in food animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lin
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN, USA
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Miyauchi E, O'Callaghan J, Buttó LF, Hurley G, Melgar S, Tanabe S, Shanahan F, Nally K, O'Toole PW. Mechanism of protection of transepithelial barrier function by Lactobacillus salivarius: strain dependence and attenuation by bacteriocin production. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012; 303:G1029-41. [PMID: 22961803 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00003.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced barrier function is one mechanism whereby commensals and probiotic bacteria limit translocation of foreign antigens or pathogens in the gut. However, barrier protection is not exhibited by all probiotic or commensals and the strain-specific molecules involved remain to be clarified. We evaluated the effects of 33 individual Lactobacillus salivarius strains on the hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced barrier impairment in human epithelial Caco-2 cells. These strains showed markedly different effects on H(2)O(2)-induced reduction in transepithelial resistance (TER). The effective strains such as UCC118 and CCUG38008 attenuated H(2)O(2)-induced disassembly and relocalization of tight junction proteins, but the ineffective strain AH43324 did not. Strains UCC118 and CCUG38008 induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in Caco-2 cells, and the ERK inhibitor U0126 attenuated the barrier-protecting effect of these strains. In contrast, the AH43324 strain induced phosphorylation of Akt and p38, which was associated with an absence of a protective effect. Global transcriptome analysis of UCC118 and AH43324 revealed that some genes in a bacteriocin gene cluster were upregulated in AH43324 under TER assay conditions. A bacteriocin-negative UCC118 mutant displayed significantly greater suppressive effect on H(2)O(2)-induced reduction in TER compared with wild-type UCC118. The wild-type strain augmented H(2)O(2)-induced phosphorylation of Akt and p38, whereas a bacteriocin-negative UCC118 mutant did not. These observations indicate that L. salivarius strains are widely divergent in their capacity for barrier protection, and this is underpinned by differences in the activation of intracellular signaling pathways. Furthermore, bacteriocin production appears to have an attenuating influence on lactobacillus-mediated barrier protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Miyauchi
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
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