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Espinoza-Corral R, Iwai M, Zavřel T, Lechno-Yossef S, Sutter M, Červený J, Niyogi KK, Kerfeld CA. Phycobilisome protein ApcG interacts with PSII and regulates energy transfer in Synechocystis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:1383-1396. [PMID: 37972281 PMCID: PMC10904348 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms harvest light using pigment-protein complexes. In cyanobacteria, these are water-soluble antennae known as phycobilisomes (PBSs). The light absorbed by PBS is transferred to the photosystems in the thylakoid membrane to drive photosynthesis. The energy transfer between these complexes implies that protein-protein interactions allow the association of PBS with the photosystems. However, the specific proteins involved in the interaction of PBS with the photosystems are not fully characterized. Here, we show in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 that the recently discovered PBS linker protein ApcG (sll1873) interacts specifically with PSII through its N-terminal region. Growth of cyanobacteria is impaired in apcG deletion strains under light-limiting conditions. Furthermore, complementation of these strains using a phospho-mimicking version of ApcG causes reduced growth under normal growth conditions. Interestingly, the interaction of ApcG with PSII is affected when a phospho-mimicking version of ApcG is used, targeting the positively charged residues interacting with the thylakoid membrane, suggesting a regulatory role mediated by phosphorylation of ApcG. Low-temperature fluorescence measurements showed decreased PSI fluorescence in apcG deletion and complementation strains. The PSI fluorescence was the lowest in the phospho-mimicking complementation strain, while the pull-down experiment showed no interaction of ApcG with PSI under any tested condition. Our results highlight the importance of ApcG for selectively directing energy harvested by the PBS and imply that the phosphorylation status of ApcG plays a role in regulating energy transfer from PSII to PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Espinoza-Corral
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Masakazu Iwai
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Tomáš Zavřel
- Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Drásov 470, CZ-66424 Drásov, Czech Republic
| | - Sigal Lechno-Yossef
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Markus Sutter
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jan Červený
- Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Drásov 470, CZ-66424 Drásov, Czech Republic
| | - Krishna K Niyogi
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Cheryl A Kerfeld
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Srivastava A, Thapa S, Chakdar H, Babele PK, Shukla P. Cyanobacterial myxoxanthophylls: biotechnological interventions and biological implications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:63-77. [PMID: 36137567 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2117682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria safeguard their photosynthetic machinery from oxidative damage caused by adverse environmental factors such as high-intensity light. Together with many photoprotective compounds, they contain myxoxanthophylls, a rare group of glycosidic carotenoids containing a high number of conjugated double bonds. These carotenoids have been shown to: have strong photoprotective effects, contribute to the integrity of the thylakoid membrane, and upregulate in cyanobacteria under a variety of stress conditions. However, their metabolic potential has not been fully utilized in the stress biology of cyanobacteria and the pharmaceutical industry due to a lack of mechanistic understanding and their insufficient biosynthesis. This review summarizes current knowledge on: biological function, genetic regulation, biotechnological production, and pharmaceutical potential of myxoxanthophyll, with a focus on strain engineering and parameter optimization strategies for increasing their cellular content. The summarized knowledge can be utilized in cyanobacterial metabolic engineering to improve the stress tolerance of useful strains and enhance the commercial-scale synthesis of myxoxanthophyll for pharmaceutical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States of America
| | - Shobit Thapa
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Mau, India
| | - Hillol Chakdar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Mau, India
| | | | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Pandey A, Sharma P, Mishra D, Dey S, Malviya R, Gayen D. Genome-wide identification of the fibrillin gene family in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and its response to drought stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123757. [PMID: 36805507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Fibrillin family members play multiple roles in growth, development, and protection against abiotic stress. In this study, we identified 12 potential CaFBNs that are ranging from 25 kDa-42.92 kDa and are mostly basic. These proteins were hydrophilic in nature and generally resided in the chloroplast. The CaFBN genes were located on different chromosomes like 1, 4, 5, and 7. All FBNs shared conserved motifs and possessed a higher number of stress-responsive elements. For evolutionary analysis, a phylogenetic tree of CaFBNs with other plants' FBNs was constructed and clustered into 11 FBN subgroups. For expression analysis, 21 day old chickpea seedling was exposed to dehydration stress by withholding water. We also performed various physiological and biochemical analyses to check that plant changes at the physiological and cellular levels while undergoing stress conditions. The transcript expression of CaFBNs was higher in aerial parts, especially in stems and leaves. Dehydration-specific transcriptome and qPCR analysis showed that FBN-1, FBN-2, and FBN-6 were highly expressed. In addition, our study provides a comprehensive overview of the FBN protein family and their importance during the dehydration stress condition in Cicer arietinum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8 Bandarsindri, Tehsil- Kishangarh, Dist- Ajmer, 305 817, India
| | - Punam Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8 Bandarsindri, Tehsil- Kishangarh, Dist- Ajmer, 305 817, India
| | - Divya Mishra
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, USA
| | - Sharmistha Dey
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8 Bandarsindri, Tehsil- Kishangarh, Dist- Ajmer, 305 817, India
| | - Rinku Malviya
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8 Bandarsindri, Tehsil- Kishangarh, Dist- Ajmer, 305 817, India
| | - Dipak Gayen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8 Bandarsindri, Tehsil- Kishangarh, Dist- Ajmer, 305 817, India.
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Kim I, Kim HU. The mysterious role of fibrillin in plastid metabolism: current advances in understanding. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2751-2764. [PMID: 35560204 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fibrillins (FBNs) are a family of genes in cyanobacteria, algae, and plants. The proteins they encode possess a lipid-binding motif, exist in various types of plastids, and are associated with lipid bodies called plastoglobules, implicating them in lipid metabolism. FBNs present in the thylakoid and stroma are involved in the storage, transport, and synthesis of lipid molecules for photoprotective functions against high-light stress. In this review, the diversity of subplastid locations in the evolution of FBNs, regulation of FBNs expression by various stresses, and the role of FBNs in plastid lipid metabolism are comprehensively summarized and directions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inyoung Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
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5
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Sun H, Ren M, Zhang J. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of fibrillin ( FBN) gene family in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.). PeerJ 2022; 10:e13414. [PMID: 35573169 PMCID: PMC9097668 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fibrillin (FBN) proteins are widely distributed in the photosynthetic organs. The members of FBN gene family play important roles in plant growth and development, and response to hormone and stresses. Tomato is a vegetable crop with significantly economic value and model plant commonly used in research. However, the FBN family has not been systematical studied in tomato. Methods In this study, 14 FBN genes were identified in tomato genome by Pfam and Hmmer 3.0 software. ExPASy, MEGA 6.0, MEME, GSDS, TBtools, PlantCARE and so on were used for physical and chemical properties analysis, phylogenetic analysis, gene structure and conserved motifs analysis, collinearity analysis and cis-acting element analysis of FBN family genes in tomato. Expression characteristics of SlFBNs in different tissues, fruit shape near isogenic lines (NILs), Pst DC3000 and ABA treatments were analyzed based on transcriptome data and quantitative Real-time qPCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. Results The SlFBN family was divided into 11 subgroups. There were 8 FBN homologous gene pairs between tomato and Arabidopsis. All the members of SlFBN family contained PAP conserved domain, but their gene structure and conserved motifs showed apparent differences. The cis-acting elements of light and hormone (especially ethylene, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and abscisic acid (ABA)) were widely distributed in the SlFBN promoter regions. The expression analysis found that most of SlFBNs were predominantly expressed in leaves of Heinz and S. pimpinellifolium LA1589, and showed higher expressions in mature or senescent leaves than in young leaves. Expression analysis of different tissues and fruit shape NILs indicated SlFBN1, SlFBN2b and SlFBN7a might play important roles during tomato fruit differentiation. All of the SlFBNs responded to Pst DC3000 and ABA treatments. The results of this study contribute to exploring the functions and molecular mechanisms of SlFBNs in leaf development, fruit differentiation, stress and hormone responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Min Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Xu C, Fan J, Shanklin J. Metabolic and functional connections between cytoplasmic and chloroplast triacylglycerol storage. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 80:101069. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Li J, Li X, Khatab AA, Xie G. Phylogeny, structural diversity and genome-wide expression analysis of fibrillin family genes in rice. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 175:112377. [PMID: 32315840 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fibrillins (FBNs) constitute a plastid-lipid-associated protein family that plays a role in chloroplast development, lipids metabolism and stress responses in plants. Until now, FBNs have been functionally characterized in stability of thylakoid and responses to the different stress stimuli. Consequently, phylogeny, domain composition and structural features of 121 FBNs family proteins from ten representative species have been identified. As results, phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that FBNs proteins were grouped into 24 clades and further subdivided into three groups, including terrestrial plant-specific, algae-specific, and intermediate group. These FBNs genes had different numbers of introns and exons but encoded the conserved N-terminal chloroplast transport peptide (CTP) domains and plastid lipid-associated protein (PAP) domains, which greatly contributed to the sub-functionalization and neo-functionalization. Meanwhile, the CTP domains of eleven OsFBN proteins except OsFBN8 could help them transport into chloroplasts. The PAP domains of OsFBN2 and OsFBN4 showed the in vitro specific binding activity to C12-C22 fatty acids that were affected by YxD motif. The qRT-PCR analysis showed that OsFBN genes were differentially induced by heat stress and cold stress in rice. Collectively, this study has provided the new insights into the evolution, structure, and functions of FBN gene family and will help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of these proteins functioning in growth, development and adaptations in the global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Li
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xukai Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China.
| | - Ahmed Adel Khatab
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Rice Research and Training Center, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Guosheng Xie
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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Jiang Y, Hu H, Ma Y, Zhou J. Genome-wide identification and characterization of the fibrillin gene family in Triticum aestivum. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9225. [PMID: 32518731 PMCID: PMC7258936 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The fibrillin (FBN) gene family is highly conserved and widely distributed in the photosynthetic organs of plants. Members of this gene family are involved in the growth and development of plants and their response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Wheat (Triticum aestivum), an important food crop, has a complex genetic background and little progress has occurred in the understanding of its molecular mechanisms. Methods In this study, we identified 26 FBN genes in the whole genome of T. aestivum through bioinformatic tools and biotechnological means. These genes were divided into 11 subgroups and were distributed on 11 chromosomes of T. aestivum. Interestingly, most of the TaFBN genes were located on the chromosomes 2A, 2B and 2D. The gene structure of each subgroup of gene family members and the position and number of motifs were highly similar. Results The evolutionary analysis results indicated that the affinities of FBNs in monocots were closer together. The tissue-specific analysis revealed that TaFBN genes were expressed in different tissues and developmental stages. In addition, some TaFBNs were involved in one or more biotic and abiotic stress responses. These results provide a basis for further study of the biological function of FBNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Jiang
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haichao Hu
- College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuhua Ma
- Guizhou Institute of Pomological Sciences, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyan, China
| | - Junliang Zhou
- Guizhou Institute of Pomological Sciences, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyan, China
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Lundquist PK, Shivaiah KK, Espinoza-Corral R. Lipid droplets throughout the evolutionary tree. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 78:101029. [PMID: 32348789 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular lipid droplets are utilized for lipid storage and metabolism in organisms as evolutionarily diverse as animals, fungi, plants, bacteria, and archaea. These lipid droplets demonstrate great diversity in biological functions and protein and lipid compositions, yet fundamentally share common molecular and ultrastructural characteristics. Lipid droplet research has been largely fragmented across the diversity of lipid droplet classes and sub-classes. However, we suggest that there is great potential benefit to the lipid community in better integrating the lipid droplet research fields. To facilitate such integration, we survey the protein and lipid compositions, functional roles, and mechanisms of biogenesis across the breadth of lipid droplets studied throughout the natural world. We depict the big picture of lipid droplet biology, emphasizing shared characteristics and unique differences seen between different classes. In presenting the known diversity of lipid droplets side-by-side it becomes necessary to offer for the first time a consistent system of categorization and nomenclature. We propose a division into three primary classes that reflect their sub-cellular location: i) cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CYTO-LDs), that are present in the eukaryotic cytoplasm, ii) prokaryotic lipid droplets (PRO-LDs), that exist in the prokaryotic cytoplasm, and iii) plastid lipid droplets (PL-LDs), that are found in plant plastids, organelles of photosynthetic eukaryotes. Within each class there is a remarkable array of sub-classes displaying various sizes, shapes and compositions. A more integrated lipid droplet research field will provide opportunities to better build on discoveries and accelerate the pace of research in ways that have not been possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter K Lundquist
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Kiran-Kumar Shivaiah
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Roberto Espinoza-Corral
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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Khorobrykh S, Tsurumaki T, Tanaka K, Tyystjärvi T, Tyystjärvi E. Measurement of the redox state of the plastoquinone pool in cyanobacteria. FEBS Lett 2019; 594:367-375. [PMID: 31529488 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Here, we developed a method for measuring the in vivo redox state of the plastoquinone (PQ) pool in the cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Cells were illuminated on a glass fiber filter, PQ was extracted with ethyl acetate and determined with HPLC. Control samples with fully oxidized and reduced photoactive PQ pool were prepared by far-red and high light treatments, respectively, or by blocking the photosynthetic electron transfer chemically before or after PQ in moderate light. The photoactive pool comprised 50% of total PQ. We find that the PQ pool of cyanobacteria behaves under light treatments qualitatively similarly as in plant chloroplasts, is less reduced during growth under high than under ambient CO2 and remains partly reduced in darkness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Khorobrykh
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Tatsuhiro Tsurumaki
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.,Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kan Tanaka
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Taina Tyystjärvi
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Esa Tyystjärvi
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, Finland
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Espinoza-Corral R, Heinz S, Klingl A, Jahns P, Lehmann M, Meurer J, Nickelsen J, Soll J, Schwenkert S. Plastoglobular protein 18 is involved in chloroplast function and thylakoid formation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:3981-3993. [PMID: 30976809 PMCID: PMC6685665 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plastoglobules are lipoprotein particles that are found in different types of plastids. They contain a very specific and specialized set of lipids and proteins. Plastoglobules are highly dynamic in size and shape, and are therefore thought to participate in adaptation processes during either abiotic or biotic stresses or transitions between developmental stages. They are suggested to function in thylakoid biogenesis, isoprenoid metabolism, and chlorophyll degradation. While several plastoglobular proteins contain identifiable domains, others provide no structural clues to their function. In this study, we investigate the role of plastoglobular protein 18 (PG18), which is conserved from cyanobacteria to higher plants. Analysis of a PG18 loss-of-function mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana demonstrated that PG18 plays an important role in thylakoid formation; the loss of PG18 results in impaired accumulation, assembly, and function of thylakoid membrane complexes. Interestingly, the mutant accumulated less chlorophyll and carotenoids, whereas xanthophyll cycle pigments were increased. Accumulation of photosynthetic complexes is similarly affected in both a Synechocystis and an Arabidopsis PG18 mutant. However, the ultrastructure of cyanobacterial thylakoids is not compromised by the lack of PG18, probably due to its less complex architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Espinoza-Corral
- Department Biologie I, Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Steffen Heinz
- Department Biologie I, Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andreas Klingl
- Department Biologie I, Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Peter Jahns
- Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Lehmann
- Department Biologie I, Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jörg Meurer
- Department Biologie I, Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jörg Nickelsen
- Department Biologie I, Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jürgen Soll
- Department Biologie I, Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CiPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Serena Schwenkert
- Department Biologie I, Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analyses of the Fibrillin Family Genes Suggest Their Involvement in Photoprotection in Cucumber. PLANTS 2018; 7:plants7030050. [PMID: 29954122 PMCID: PMC6161074 DOI: 10.3390/plants7030050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibrillin (FBN) is a plastid lipid-associated protein found in photosynthetic organisms from cyanobacteria to plants. In this study, 10 CsaFBN genes were identified in genomic DNA sequences of cucumber (Chinese long and Gy14) through database searches using the conserved domain of FBN and the 14 FBN genes of Arabidopsis. Phylogenetic analysis of CsaFBN protein sequences showed that there was no counterpart of Arabidopsis and rice FBN5 in the cucumber genome. FBN5 is essential for growth in Arabidopsis and rice; its absence in cucumber may be because of incomplete genome sequences or that another FBN carries out its functions. Among the 10 CsaFBN genes, CsaFBN1 and CsaFBN9 were the most divergent in terms of nucleotide sequences. Most of the CsaFBN genes were expressed in the leaf, stem and fruit. CsaFBN4 showed the highest mRNA expression levels in various tissues, followed by CsaFBN6, CsaFBN1 and CsaFBN9. High-light stress combined with low temperature decreased photosynthetic efficiency and highly induced transcript levels of CsaFBN1, CsaFBN6 and CsaFBN11, which decreased after 24 h treatment. Transcript levels of the other seven genes were changed only slightly. This result suggests that CsaFBN1, CsaFBN6 and CsaFBN11 may be involved in photoprotection under high-light conditions at low temperature.
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Kim EH, Lee DW, Lee KR, Jung SJ, Jeon JS, Kim HU. Conserved Function of Fibrillin5 in the Plastoquinone-9 Biosynthetic Pathway in Arabidopsis and Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1197. [PMID: 28751900 PMCID: PMC5507956 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Plastoquinone-9 (PQ-9) is essential for plant growth and development. Recently, we found that fibrillin5 (FBN5), a plastid lipid binding protein, is an essential structural component of the PQ-9 biosynthetic pathway in Arabidopsis. To investigate the functional conservation of FBN5 in monocots and eudicots, we identified OsFBN5, the Arabidopsis FBN5 (AtFBN5) ortholog in rice (Oryza sativa). Homozygous Osfbn5-1 and Osfbn5-2 Tos17 insertion null mutants were smaller than wild type (WT) plants when grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium and died quickly when transplanted to soil in a greenhouse. They accumulated significantly less PQ-9 than WT plants, whereas chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were only mildly affected. The reduced PQ-9 content of the mutants was consistent with their lower maximum photosynthetic efficiency, especially under high light. Overexpression of OsFBN5 complemented the seedling lethal phenotype of the Arabidopsis fbn5-1 mutant and restored PQ-9 and PC-8 (plastochromanol-8) to levels comparable to those in WT Arabidopsis plants. Protein interaction experiments in yeast and mesophyll cells confirmed that OsFBN5 interacts with the rice solanesyl diphosphate synthase OsSPS2 and also with Arabidopsis AtSPS1 and AtSPS2. Our data thus indicate that OsFBN5 is the functional equivalent of AtFBN5 and also suggest that the SPSs-FBN5 complex for synthesis of the solanesyl diphosphate tail in PQ-9 is well conserved in Arabidopsis and rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ha Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development AdministrationJeonju, South Korea
| | - Dae-Woo Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee UniversityYongin, South Korea
| | - Kyeong-Ryeol Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development AdministrationJeonju, South Korea
| | - Su-Jin Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee UniversityYongin, South Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee UniversityYongin, South Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong UniversitySeoul, South Korea
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van Wijk KJ, Kessler F. Plastoglobuli: Plastid Microcompartments with Integrated Functions in Metabolism, Plastid Developmental Transitions, and Environmental Adaptation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 68:253-289. [PMID: 28125283 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-043015-111737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plastoglobuli (PGs) are plastid lipoprotein particles surrounded by a membrane lipid monolayer. PGs contain small specialized proteomes and metabolomes. They are present in different plastid types (e.g., chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and elaioplasts) and are dynamic in size and shape in response to abiotic stress or developmental transitions. PGs in chromoplasts are highly enriched in carotenoid esters and enzymes involved in carotenoid metabolism. PGs in chloroplasts are associated with thylakoids and contain ∼30 core proteins (including six ABC1 kinases) as well as additional proteins recruited under specific conditions. Systems analysis has suggested that chloroplast PGs function in metabolism of prenyl lipids (e.g., tocopherols, plastoquinone, and phylloquinone); redox and photosynthetic regulation; plastid biogenesis; and senescence, including recycling of phytol, remobilization of thylakoid lipids, and metabolism of jasmonate. These functionalities contribute to chloroplast PGs' role in responses to stresses such as high light and nitrogen starvation. PGs are thus lipid microcompartments with multiple functions integrated into plastid metabolism, developmental transitions, and environmental adaptation. This review provides an in-depth overview of PG experimental observations, summarizes the present understanding of PG features and functions, and provides a conceptual framework for PG research and the realization of opportunities for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaas J van Wijk
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853;
| | - Felix Kessler
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland;
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15
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Lohscheider JN, Río Bártulos C. Plastoglobules in algae: A comprehensive comparative study of the presence of major structural and functional components in complex plastids. Mar Genomics 2016; 28:127-136. [PMID: 27373732 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Plastoglobules (PG) are lipophilic droplets attached to thylakoid membranes in higher plants and green algae and are implicated in prenyl lipid biosynthesis. They might also represent a central hub for integration of plastid signals under stress and therefore the adaptation of the thylakoid membrane under such conditions. In Arabidopsis thaliana, PG contain around 30 specific proteins of which Fibrillins (FBN) and Activity of bc1 complex kinases (ABC1K) represent the majority with respect to both number and protein mass. However, nothing is known about the presence of PG in most algal species, which are responsible for about 50% of global primary production. Therefore, we searched the genomes of publicly available algal genomes for components of PG and the associated functional network in order to predict their presence and potential evolutionary conservation of physiological functions. We could identify homologous sequences for core components of PG, like FBN and ABC1K, in most investigated algal species. Furthermore, proteins at central and interesting positions within the PG functional coexpression network were identified. Phylogenetic sequence analysis revealed diversity within FBN and ABC1K sequences among algal species with complex plastids of the red lineage and large differences compared with green lineage species. Two types of FBN were detected that differ in their isoelectric point which seems to correlate with subcellular localization. Subgroups of FBN were shared between many investigated species and modeling of their 3D-structure implied a conserved structure. FBN and ABC1K are essential structural and functional components of PG. Their occurrence in investigated algal species suggests presence of PG therein and functions in prenyl lipid metabolism and adaptation of the thylakoid membrane that are conserved during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens N Lohscheider
- Section of Plant Biology, School of Integrated Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Emerson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Sektion, Ecophysiology of Plants, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Carolina Río Bártulos
- Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Sektion, Ecophysiology of Plants, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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16
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Damrow R, Maldener I, Zilliges Y. The Multiple Functions of Common Microbial Carbon Polymers, Glycogen and PHB, during Stress Responses in the Non-Diazotrophic Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:966. [PMID: 27446007 PMCID: PMC4914499 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical microbial carbon polymers such as glycogen and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) have a crucial impact as both a sink and a reserve under macronutrient stress conditions. Most microbial species exclusively synthesize and degrade either glycogen or PHB. A few bacteria such as the phototrophic model organism Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 surprisingly produce both physico-chemically different polymers under conditions of high C to N ratios. For the first time, the function and interrelation of both carbon polymers in non-diazotrophic cyanobacteria are analyzed in a comparative physiological study of single- and double-knockout mutants (ΔglgC; ΔphaC; ΔglgC/ΔphaC), respectively. Most of the observed phenotypes are explicitly related to the knockout of glycogen synthesis, highlighting the metabolic, energetic, and structural impact of this process whenever cells switch from an active, photosynthetic 'protein status' to a dormant 'glycogen status'. The carbon flux regulation into glycogen granules is apparently crucial for both phycobilisome degradation and thylakoid layer disassembly in the presence of light. In contrast, PHB synthesis is definitely not involved in this primary acclimation response. Moreover, the very weak interrelations between the two carbon-polymer syntheses indicate that the regulation and role of PHB synthesis in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is different from glycogen synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Damrow
- Section of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Iris Maldener
- Section of Organismic Interactions, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yvonne Zilliges
- Section of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinBerlin, Germany; Section of Biophysics and Photosynthesis, Institute of Physics, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
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17
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Dong YL, Jiang T, Xia W, Dong HP, Lu SH, Cui L. Light harvesting proteins regulate non-photochemical fluorescence quenching in the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Kim EH, Lee Y, Kim HU. Fibrillin 5 Is Essential for Plastoquinone-9 Biosynthesis by Binding to Solanesyl Diphosphate Synthases in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:2956-71. [PMID: 26432861 PMCID: PMC4682332 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fibrillins are lipid-associated proteins in plastids and are ubiquitous in plants. They accumulate in chromoplasts and sequester carotenoids during the development of flowers and fruits. However, little is known about the functions of fibrillins in leaf tissues. Here, we identified fibrillin 5 (FBN5), which is essential for plastoquinone-9 (PQ-9) biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Homozygous fbn5-1 mutations were seedling-lethal, and XVE:FBN5-B transgenic plants expressing low levels of FBN5-B had a slower growth rate and were smaller than wild-type plants. In chloroplasts, FBN5-B specifically interacted with solanesyl diphosphate synthases (SPSs) 1 and 2, which biosynthesize the solanesyl moiety of PQ-9. Plants containing defective FBN5-B accumulated less PQ-9 and its cyclized product, plastochromanol-8, but the levels of tocopherols were not affected. The reduced PQ-9 content of XVE:FBN5-B transgenic plants was consistent with their lower photosynthetic performance and higher levels of hydrogen peroxide under cold stress. These results indicate that FBN5-B is required for PQ-9 biosynthesis through its interaction with SPS. Our study adds FBN5 as a structural component involved in the biosynthesis of PQ-9. FBN5 binding to the hydrophobic solanesyl moiety, which is generated by SPS1 and SPS2, in FBN5-B/SPS homodimeric complexes stimulates the enzyme activity of SPS1 and SPS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ha Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjik Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
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Peramuna A, Summers ML. Composition and occurrence of lipid droplets in the cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme. Arch Microbiol 2014; 196:881-90. [PMID: 25135835 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-014-1027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inclusions of neutral lipids termed lipid droplets (LDs) located throughout the cell were identified in the cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme by staining with lipophylic fluorescent dyes. LDs increased in number upon entry into stationary phase and addition of exogenous fructose indicating a role for carbon storage, whereas high-light stress did not increase LD numbers. LD accumulation increased when nitrate was used as the nitrogen source during exponential growth as compared to added ammonia or nitrogen-fixing conditions. Analysis of isolated LDs revealed enrichment of triacylglycerol (TAG), α-tocopherol, and C17 alkanes. LD TAG from exponential phase growth contained mainly saturated C16 and C18 fatty acids, whereas stationary phase LD TAG had additional unsaturated fatty acids characteristic of whole cells. This is the first characterization of cyanobacterial LD composition and conditions leading to their production. Based upon their abnormally large size and atypical location, these structures represent a novel sub-organelle in cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anantha Peramuna
- Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff St., Northridge, CA, 91330-8303, USA
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Schuurmans RM, Schuurmans JM, Bekker M, Kromkamp JC, Matthijs HC, Hellingwerf KJ. The redox potential of the plastoquinone pool of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis species strain PCC 6803 is under strict homeostatic control. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 165:463-75. [PMID: 24696521 PMCID: PMC4012603 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.237313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A method is presented for rapid extraction of the total plastoquinone (PQ) pool from Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 cells that preserves the in vivo plastoquinol (PQH2) to -PQ ratio. Cells were rapidly transferred into ice-cold organic solvent for instantaneous extraction of the cellular PQ plus PQH2 content. After high-performance liquid chromatography fractionation of the organic phase extract, the PQH2 content was quantitatively determined via its fluorescence emission at 330 nm. The in-cell PQH2-PQ ratio then followed from comparison of the PQH2 signal in samples as collected and in an identical sample after complete reduction with sodium borohydride. Prior to PQH2 extraction, cells from steady-state chemostat cultures were exposed to a wide range of physiological conditions, including high/low availability of inorganic carbon, and various actinic illumination conditions. Well-characterized electron-transfer inhibitors were used to generate a reduced or an oxidized PQ pool for reference. The in vivo redox state of the PQ pool was correlated with the results of pulse-amplitude modulation-based chlorophyll a fluorescence emission measurements, oxygen exchange rates, and 77 K fluorescence emission spectra. Our results show that the redox state of the PQ pool of Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 is subject to strict homeostatic control (i.e. regulated between narrow limits), in contrast to the more dynamic chlorophyll a fluorescence signal.
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21
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Heinnickel ML, Grossman AR. The GreenCut: re-evaluation of physiological role of previously studied proteins and potential novel protein functions. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2013; 116:427-36. [PMID: 23873414 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9882-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Based on comparative genomics, a list of proteins present in the green algal, flowering and nonflowering plant lineages, but not detected in nonphotosynthetic organisms, was assembled (Merchant et al., Science 318:245-250, 2007; Karpowicz et al., J Biol Chem 286:21427-21439, 2011). This protein grouping, previously designated the GreenCut, was established using stringent comparative genomic criteria; they are those Chlamydomonas reinhardtii proteins with orthologs in Arabidopsis thaliana, Physcomitrella patens, Oryza sativa, Populus tricocarpa and at least one of the three Ostreococcus species with fully sequenced genomes, but not in bacteria, yeast, fungi or mammals. Many GreenCut proteins are also present in red algae and diatoms and a subset of 189 have been identified as encoded on nearly all cyanobacterial genomes. Of the current GreenCut proteins (597 in total), approximately half have been studied previously. The functions or activities of a number of these proteins have been deduced from phenotypic analyses of mutants (defective for genes encoding specific GreenCut proteins) of A. thaliana, and in many cases the assigned functions do not exist in C. reinhardtii. Therefore, precise physiological functions of several previously studied GreenCut proteins are still not clear. The GreenCut also contains a number of proteins with certain conserved domains. Three of the most highly conserved domains are the FK506 binding, cyclophilin and PAP fibrillin domains; most members of these gene families are not well characterized. In general, our analysis of the GreenCut indicates that many processes critical to green lineage organisms remain unstudied or poorly characterized. We have begun to examine the functions of some GreenCut proteins in detail. For example, our work on the CPLD38 protein has demonstrated that it has an essential role in photosynthetic function and the stability of the cytochrome b 6 f complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Heinnickel
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institute for Science, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA, USA,
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Majeed W, Zhang Y, Xue Y, Ranade S, Blue RN, Wang Q, He Q. RpaA regulates the accumulation of monomeric photosystem I and PsbA under high light conditions in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45139. [PMID: 23024802 PMCID: PMC3443226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The response regulator RpaA was examined by targeted mutagenesis under high light conditions in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. A significant reduction in chlorophyll fluorescence from photosystem I at 77 K was observed in the RpaA mutant cells under high light conditions. Interestingly, the chlorophyll fluorescence emission from the photosystem I trimers at 77 K are similar to that of the wild type, while the chlorophyll fluorescence from the photosystem I monomers was at a much lower level in the mutant than in the wild type under high light conditions. The RpaA inactivation resulted in a dramatic reduction in the monomeric photosystem I and the D1 protein but not the CP47 content. However, there is no significant difference in the transcript levels of psaA or psbA or other genes examined, most of which are involved in photosynthesis, pigment biosynthesis, or stress responses. Under high light conditions, the growth of the mutant was affected, and both the chlorophyll content and the whole-chain oxygen evolution capability of the mutant were found to be significantly lower than those of the wild type, respectively. We propose that RpaA regulates the accumulation of the monomeric photosystem I and the D1 protein under high light conditions. This is the first report demonstrating that inactivation of a stress response regulator has specifically reduced the monomeric photosystem I. It suggests that PS I monomers and PS I trimers can be regulated independently for acclimation of cells to high light stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Majeed
- Department of Applied Science, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Yan Zhang
- High Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yong Xue
- Department of Applied Science, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Saurabh Ranade
- Department of Applied Science, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Ryan Nastashia Blue
- Department of Applied Science, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qingfang He
- Department of Applied Science, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- High Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Eugeni Piller L, Abraham M, Dörmann P, Kessler F, Besagni C. Plastid lipid droplets at the crossroads of prenylquinone metabolism. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:1609-18. [PMID: 22371323 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets called plastoglobules (PGs) exist in most plant tissues and plastid types. In chloroplasts, the polar lipid monolayer surrounding these low-density lipoprotein particles is continuous with the outer lipid leaflet of the thylakoid membrane. Often small clusters of two or three PGs, only one of them directly connected to thylakoids, are present. Structural proteins (known as plastid-lipid associated proteins/fibrillins or plastoglobulins) together with lipid metabolic enzymes coat the PGs. The hydrophobic core of PGs contains a range of neutral lipids including the prenylquinones [tocopherols (vitamin E), phylloquinone (vitamin K(1)), and plastoquinone (PQ-9)]. In this review the function of PGs and their associated enzymes in prenylquinone metabolism will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Eugeni Piller
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Végétale, Université de Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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24
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van de Meene AML, Sharp WP, McDaniel JH, Friedrich H, Vermaas WFJ, Roberson RW. Gross morphological changes in thylakoid membrane structure are associated with photosystem I deletion in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2012; 1818:1427-34. [PMID: 22305964 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cells of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 lacking photosystem I (PSI-less) and containing only photosystem II (PSII) or lacking both photosystems I and II (PSI/PSII-less) were compared to wild type (WT) cells to investigate the role of the photosystems in the architecture, structure, and number of thylakoid membranes. All cells were grown at 0.5μmol photons m(-2)s(-1). The lumen of the thylakoid membranes of the WT cells grown at this low light intensity were inflated compared to cells grown at higher light intensity. Tubular as well as sheet-like thylakoid membranes were found in the PSI-less strain at all stages of development with organized regular arrays of phycobilisomes on the surface of the thylakoid membranes. Tubular structures were also found in the PSI/PSII-less strain, but these were smaller in diameter to those found in the PSI-less strain with what appeared to be a different internal structure and were less common. There were fewer and smaller thylakoid membrane sheets in the double mutant and the phycobilisomes were found on the surface in more disordered arrays. These differences in thylakoid membrane structure most likely reflect the altered composition of photosynthetic particles and distribution of other integral membrane proteins and their interaction with the lipid bilayer. These results suggest an important role for the presence of PSII in the formation of the highly ordered tubular structures.
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Singh DK, McNellis TW. Fibrillin protein function: the tip of the iceberg? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2011; 16:432-41. [PMID: 21571574 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2011.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Fibrillins are nuclear-encoded, plastid proteins associated with chromoplast fibrils and chloroplast plastoglobules, thylakoids, photosynthetic antenna complexes, and stroma. There are 12 sub-families of fibrillins. However, only three of these sub-families have been characterized genetically or functionally. We review evidence indicating that fibrillins are involved in plastoglobule structural development, chromoplast pigment accumulation, hormonal responses, protection of the photosynthetic apparatus from photodamage, and plant resistance to a range of biotic and abiotic stresses. The area of fibrillin research has substantial growth potential and will contribute to better understanding of mechanisms of plant stress tolerance and plastid structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra K Singh
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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