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Deprez MA, Eskes E, Wilms T, Ludovico P, Winderickx J. pH homeostasis links the nutrient sensing PKA/TORC1/Sch9 ménage-à-trois to stress tolerance and longevity. MICROBIAL CELL 2018; 5:119-136. [PMID: 29487859 PMCID: PMC5826700 DOI: 10.15698/mic2018.03.618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane H+-ATPase Pma1 and the vacuolar V-ATPase act in close harmony to tightly control pH homeostasis, which is essential for a vast number of physiological processes. As these main two regulators of pH are responsive to the nutritional status of the cell, it seems evident that pH homeostasis acts in conjunction with nutrient-induced signalling pathways. Indeed, both PKA and the TORC1-Sch9 axis influence the proton pumping activity of the V-ATPase and possibly also of Pma1. In addition, it recently became clear that the proton acts as a second messenger to signal glucose availability via the V-ATPase to PKA and TORC1-Sch9. Given the prominent role of nutrient signalling in longevity, it is not surprising that pH homeostasis has been linked to ageing and longevity as well. A first indication is provided by acetic acid, whose uptake by the cell induces toxicity and affects longevity. Secondly, vacuolar acidity has been linked to autophagic processes, including mitophagy. In agreement with this, a decline in vacuolar acidity was shown to induce mitochondrial dysfunction and shorten lifespan. In addition, the asymmetric inheritance of Pma1 has been associated with replicative ageing and this again links to repercussions on vacuolar pH. Taken together, accumulating evidence indicates that pH homeostasis plays a prominent role in the determination of ageing and longevity, thereby providing new perspectives and avenues to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elja Eskes
- Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Paula Ludovico
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Pereira MB, Tisi R, Fietto LG, Cardoso AS, França MM, Carvalho FM, Trópia MJM, Martegani E, Castro IM, Brandão RL. Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone induced calcium signaling and activation of plasma membrane H+-ATPase in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res 2008; 8:622-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2008.00380.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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3
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Daniel J. Direct in vivo access to potential gene targets of the RPD3 histone deactylase using fitness-based interferential genetics. Yeast 2007; 24:575-87. [PMID: 17533620 DOI: 10.1002/yea.1495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the fitness-based interferential genetics (FIG) approach in yeast, potential in vivo gene targets of the Rpd3 histone deacetylase were selected. In agreement with previous studies using different methods, three genes were found to be involved in the translational machinery (MRPL27, FHL1 and RDN1). Moreover, other selected genes are linked to cell-cycle control (CSE4, AMN1, VAC17 and GRR1). In addition to playing a crucial role in cell cycle progression to the S phase and participating in the G(2)-M transition, GRR1 has important functions related to nutrient import to the cell via the the derepression of hexose transporters and the induction of amino acid permeases. Consistent with this, FIG selection also retrieved: the PMA1 gene, encoding the plasma H(+)-membrane ATPase; FOL2 and FOL3, involved in folic acid biosynthesis; and UBR2, which indirectly downregulates the proteasome genes. Finally, the other selected genes, ISU1, involved in the biosynthesis of the iron-sulphur cluster in mitochondria, and the less well functionally defined BSC5 and YBR270c, may participate in the cell's antioxidant and stress defence. The genes emerging from this FIG selection thus appear to be part of the downstream molecular mechanisms of the TOR signalling pathway, accounting for its effects on cell proliferation and longevity. From our results on gene expression under conditions of RPD3 overexpression, and by comparison with the available pharmacogenomics studies, it is proposed that FIG could be an invaluable approach for contributing to our understanding of complex cell regulatory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Daniel
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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4
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Harashima T, Anderson S, Yates JR, Heitman J. The kelch proteins Gpb1 and Gpb2 inhibit Ras activity via association with the yeast RasGAP neurofibromin homologs Ira1 and Ira2. Mol Cell 2006; 22:819-830. [PMID: 16793550 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2006.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2005] [Revised: 03/14/2006] [Accepted: 05/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The G protein-coupled receptor Gpr1 and associated Galpha subunit Gpa2 govern dimorphic transitions in response to extracellular nutrients by signaling coordinately with Ras to activate adenylyl cyclase in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Gpa2 forms a protein complex with the kelch Gbeta mimic subunits Gpb1/2, and previous studies demonstrate that Gpb1/2 negatively control cAMP-PKA signaling via Gpa2 and an unknown second target. Here, we define these targets of Gpb1/2 as the yeast neurofibromin homologs Ira1 and Ira2, which function as GTPase activating proteins of Ras. Gpb1/2 bind to a conserved C-terminal domain of Ira1/2, and loss of Gpb1/2 results in a destabilization of Ira1 and Ira2, leading to elevated levels of Ras2-GTP and unbridled cAMP-PKA signaling. Because the Gpb1/2 binding domain on Ira1/2 is conserved in the human neurofibromin protein, an analogous signaling network may contribute to the neoplastic development of neurofibromatosis type 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Harashima
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Scott Anderson
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - John R Yates
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Joseph Heitman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
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5
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Jeffries TW, Jin YS. Ethanol and thermotolerance in the bioconversion of xylose by yeasts. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2003; 47:221-68. [PMID: 12876799 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(00)47006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying ethanol and heat tolerance are complex. Many different genes are involved, and the exact basis is not fully understood. The integrity of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial membranes is critical to maintain proton gradients for metabolic energy and nutrient uptake. Heat and ethanol stress adversely affect membrane integrity. These factors are particularly detrimental to xylose-fermenting yeasts because they require oxygen for biosynthesis of essential cell membrane and nucleic acid constituents, and they depend on respiration for the generation of ATP. Physiological responses to ethanol and heat shock have been studied most extensively in S. cerevisiae. However, comparative biochemical studies with other organisms suggest that similar mechanisms will be important in xylose-fermenting yeasts. The composition of a cell's membrane lipids shifts with temperature, ethanol concentration, and stage of cultivation. Levels of unsaturated fatty acids and ergosterol increase in response to temperature and ethanol stress. Inositol is involved in phospholipid biosynthesis, and it can increase ethanol tolerance when provided as a supplement. Membrane integrity determines the cell's ability to maintain proton gradients for nutrient uptake. Plasma membrane ATPase generates the proton gradient, and the biochemical characteristics of this enzyme contribute to ethanol tolerance. Organisms with higher ethanol tolerance have ATPase activities with low pH optima and high affinity for ATP. Likewise, organisms with ATPase activities that resist ethanol inhibition also function better at high ethanol concentrations. ATPase consumes a significant fraction of the total cellular ATP, and under stress conditions when membrane gradients are compromised the activity of ATPase is regulated. In xylose-fermenting yeasts, the carbon source used for growth affects both ATPase activity and ethanol tolerance. Cells can adapt to heat and ethanol stress by synthesizing trehalose and heat-shock proteins, which stabilize and repair denatured proteins. The capacity of cells to produce trehalose and induce HSPs correlate with their thermotolerance. Both heat and ethanol increase the frequency of petite mutations and kill cells. This might be attributable to membrane effects, but it could also arise from oxidative damage. Cytoplasmic and mitochondrial superoxide dismutases can destroy oxidative radicals and thereby maintain cell viability. Improved knowledge of the mechanisms underlying ethanol and thermotolerance in S. cerevisiae should enable the genetic engineering of these traits in xylose-fermenting yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Jeffries
- Institute for Microbial and Biochemical Technology, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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6
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Portillo F. Regulation of plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase in fungi and plants. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1469:31-42. [PMID: 10692636 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4157(99)00011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane H+-ATPase from fungi and plants is a proton pump which plays a key role in the physiology of these organisms controlling essential functions such as nutrient uptake and intracellular pH regulation. In fungal and plant cells the activity of the proton pump is regulated by a large number of environmental factors at both transcriptional and post-translational levels. During the last years the powerful tools of molecular biology have been successfully used in fungi and plants allowing the cloning of a wide diversity of H+-ATPase genes and rapid progress on the molecular basis of reaction mechanism and regulation of the proton pump. This review focuses on recent results on regulation of plasma membrane H+-ATPase obtained by molecular approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Portillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier, 4, E-28029, Madrid, Spain.
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7
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Brandão RL, de Magalhães-Rocha NM, Alijo R, Ramos J, Thevelein JM. Possible involvement of a phosphatidylinositol-type signaling pathway in glucose-induced activation of plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase and cellular proton extrusion in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1994; 1223:117-24. [PMID: 8061044 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4889(94)90080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Addition of glucose to cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae causes rapid activation of plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase and a stimulation of cellular H+ extrusion. We show that addition of diacylglycerol and other activators of protein kinase C to intact cells also activates the H(+)-ATPase and causes at the same time a stimulation of H+ extrusion from the cells. Both effects are reversed by addition of staurosporine, a protein kinase C inhibitor. Addition of staurosporine or calmidazolium, an inhibitor of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases, separately, causes a partial inhibition of glucose-induced H(+)-ATPase activation and stimulation of cellular H+ extrusion; together they cause a more potent inhibition. Addition of neomycin, which complexes with phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, or addition of compound 48/80, a phospholipase C inhibitor, also causes near complete inhibition. Diacylglycerol and other protein kinase C activators had no effect on the activity of the K(+)-uptake system and the activity of trehalase and glucose-induced activation of the K(+)-uptake system and trehalase was not inhibited by neomycin, supporting the specificity of the effects observed on the H(+)-ATPase. The results support a model in which glucose-induced activation of H(+)-ATPase is mediated by a phosphatidylinositol-type signaling pathway triggering phosphorylation of the enzyme both by protein kinase C and one or more Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Brandão
- Laboratorium voor Moleculaire Celbiologie, Katholieke Universiteit te Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
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8
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García-Arranz M, Maldonado A, Mazón M, Portillo F. Transcriptional control of yeast plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase by glucose. Cloning and characterization of a new gene involved in this regulation. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)32419-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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9
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Pardo LA, Lazo PS, Ramos S. Activation of adenylate cyclase in cdc25 mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Lett 1993; 319:237-43. [PMID: 8458416 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(93)80554-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The activation of adenylate cyclase by guanine nucleotides and 6-deoxyglucose was studied in membrane preparations from S. cerevisiae mutants lacking the CDC25 gene product. Adenylate cyclase from cdc25 ts membranes was activated by GTP and GppNHp in membranes from cells collected after glucose was exhausted from the medium. The activation was also observed in membranes from repressed cells at 2.5 mM Mg2+. It is also shown that 6-deoxyglucose can activate adenylate cyclase in the absence of CDC25 gene product. The relative amount of membrane-bound adenylate cyclase was drastically reduced in cdc25 ts membranes when subjected to the restrictive temperature, while no significant change was observed in the wild type. These data suggest that Cdc25 might not be required in certain conditions for the guanine nucleotide exchange reaction in Ras and that it might be implicated in anchoring the Ras/adenylate cyclase system to the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Pardo
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
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10
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Abstract
Transport of sugars is a fundamental property of all eukaryotic cells. Of particular importance is the uptake of glucose, a preferred carbon and energy source. The rate of glucose utilization in yeast is often dictated by the activity and concentration of glucose transporters in the plasma membrane. Given the importance of transport as a site of control of glycolytic flux, the regulation of glucose transporters is necessarily complex. The molecular analysis of these transporters in Saccharomyces has revealed the existence of a multigene family of sugar carriers. Recent data have raised the question of the actual role of all of these proteins in sugar catabolism, as some appear to be lowly expressed, and point mutations of these genes may confer pleiotropic phenotypes, inconsistent with a simple role as catabolic transporters. The transporters themselves appear to be intimately involved in the process of sensing glucose, a model for which there is growing support.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Bisson
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis 95616-8749
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11
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Lesuisse E, Labbe P. Iron Reduction and Trans Plasma Membrane Electron Transfer in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1992; 100:769-77. [PMID: 16653057 PMCID: PMC1075625 DOI: 10.1104/pp.100.2.769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The ferri-reductase activity of whole cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (washed free from the growth medium) was markedly increased 3 to 6 h after transferring the cells from a complete growth medium (preculture) to an iron-deficient growth medium (culture). This increase was prevented by the presence of iron, copper, excess oxygen, or other oxidative agents in the culture medium. The cells with increased ferri-reductase activity had a higher reduced glutathione content and a higher capacity to expose exofacial sulfhydryl groups. Plasma membranes purified from those cells exhibited a higher reduced nicotinamide adenine phosphate (NADPH)-dependent ferri-reductase specific activity. However, the intracellular levels of NADPH, NADH, and certain organic acids of the tricarboxylic acids cycle were unchanged, and the activity of NADPH-generating enzymes was not increased. Addition of Fe(III)-EDTA to iron-deprived and iron-rich cells in resting suspension resulted in a decrease in intracellular reduced glutathione in the case of iron-deprived cells and in an increase in organic acids and a sudden oxidation of NADH in both types of cells. The depolarizing effect of Fe(3+) was more pronounced in iron-rich cells. The metabolic pathways that may be involved in regulating the trans-plasma membrane electron transfer in yeast are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lesuisse
- Laboratoire de Biochimie des Porphyrines, Institut J. Monod, Tour 43, Université Paris 7, 2 Place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France
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12
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Correa J, Vazquez de Aldana CR, San Segundo P, del Rey F. Genetic mapping of 1,3-beta-glucanase-encoding genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr Genet 1992; 22:283-8. [PMID: 1394509 DOI: 10.1007/bf00317922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The map position of three 1,3-beta-glucanase-encoding genes in S. cerevisiae has been determined following conventional meiotic and mitotic mapping combined with recombinant DNA techniques. EXG1, EXG2 and SSG1 were localized to chromosomes XII, IV and XV, respectively, by hybridizing the cloned genes to Southern blots of chromosomes separated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, in conjunction with the rad52-1-dependent chromosome-loss mapping technique. Meiotic tetrad analyses further localized the EXG1 gene 6.1 centimorgans centromere-proximal to CDC25 on the right arm of chromosome XII. EXG2 was positioned between LYS4 and GCN2 on the right arm of chromosome IV, at distances of 6.2 centimorgans from LYS4 and 4.9 centimorgans from GCN2. Finally, the SSG1 locus mapped on the right arm of chromosome XV, about 8.2 centimorgans to the centromere-proximal side of HIS3.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Correa
- Instituto de Microbiología-Bioquímica, Facultad de Biología, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
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13
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dos Passos JB, Vanhalewyn M, Brandão RL, Castro IM, Nicoli JR, Thevelein JM. Glucose-induced activation of plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase in mutants of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae affected in cAMP metabolism, cAMP-dependent protein phosphorylation and the initiation of glycolysis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1992; 1136:57-67. [PMID: 1322708 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4889(92)90085-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Addition of glucose-related fermentable sugars or protonophores to derepressed cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae causes a 3- to 4-fold activation of the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase within a few minutes. These conditions are known to cause rapid increases in the cAMP level. In yeast strains carrying temperature-sensitive mutations in genes required for cAMP synthesis, incubation at the restrictive temperature reduced the extent of H(+)-ATPase activation. Incubation of non-temperature-sensitive strains, however, at such temperatures also caused reduction of H(+)-ATPase activation. Yeast strains which are specifically deficient in the glucose-induced cAMP increase (and not in basal cAMP synthesis) still showed plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase activation. Yeast mutants with widely divergent activity levels of cAMP-dependent protein kinase displayed very similar levels of activation of the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase. This was also true for a yeast mutant carrying a deletion in the CDC25 gene. These results show that the cAMP-protein kinase A signaling pathway is not required for glucose activation of the H(+)-ATPase. They also contradict the specific requirement of the CDC25 gene product. Experiments with yeast strains carrying point or deletion mutations in the genes coding for the sugar phosphorylating enzymes hexokinase PI and PII and glucokinase showed that activation of the H(+)-ATPase with glucose or fructose was completely dependent on the presence of a kinase able to phosphorylate the sugar. These and other data concerning the role of initial sugar metabolism in triggering activation are consistent with the idea that the glucose-induced activation pathways of cAMP-synthesis and H(+)-ATPase have a common initiation point.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B dos Passos
- Laboratorium voor Moleculaire Celbiologie, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium
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14
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Ramos J, Haro R, Alijo R, Rodríguez-Navarro A. Activation of the potassium uptake system during fermentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Bacteriol 1992; 174:2025-7. [PMID: 1532175 PMCID: PMC205809 DOI: 10.1128/jb.174.6.2025-2027.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermentable sugars activated the K+ uptake system, increasing the Vmaxs of Rb+, Na+, and Li+ influxes, but sugars did not affect the effluxes of these cations. This activation seems to be a direct effect of fermentation and not the consequence of the H+ pump ATPase activation or internal pH decrease produced by fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ramos
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela-Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Córdoba, Spain
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Gaber
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
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16
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Lesuisse E, Horion B, Labbe P, Hilger F. The plasma membrane ferrireductase activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is partially controlled by cyclic AMP. Biochem J 1991; 280 ( Pt 2):545-8. [PMID: 1660715 PMCID: PMC1130583 DOI: 10.1042/bj2800545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The plasma-membrane-bound ferrireductase activity of ras1 and ras2 mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is not induced in response to iron limitation. This phenotype was suppressed by the bcy1 mutation in ras2 but not in ras1 mutants. The cellular haem content of ras-1-bearing strains decreased dramatically when cells were grown in semi-synthetic medium (low yeast extract content), which could account for their very low ferrireductase activity. The ferrireductase activity of cdc25 and cdc35 mutants dropped when the cells were shifted to a non-permissive temperature. This drop was prevented in the double mutant cdc35 sra5 by adding cyclic AMP to the growth medium. We propose that ferrireductase activity is under the control of a cyclic AMP-dependent protein phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lesuisse
- Laboratoire de Biochimie des Porphyrines, Université Paris, France
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17
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Portillo F, Eraso P, Serrano R. Analysis of the regulatory domain of yeast plasma membrane H+-ATPase by directed mutagenesis and intragenic suppression. FEBS Lett 1991; 287:71-4. [PMID: 1831768 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(91)80018-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The yeast plasma membrane H+-ATPase is activated in vivo by glucose metabolism, and previous deletion analysis has shown the C-terminus of the enzyme to be involved in this regulation. Site-directed mutagenesis demonstrates that Arg909 and Thr912 at the C-terminus are important for the increase in Vmax of the ATPase induced by glucose. Other changes in kinetic parameters induced by glucose are largely independent of these amino acids. Arg909 and Thr912 form a potential phosphorylation site for calmodulin-dependent multiprotein kinase. A double mutation of Ser911 and Thr912 to Ala results in no cell growth in glucose medium and greatly reduced activation of the ATPase by glucose. Growth and activity are restored by a third mutation (Ala547----Val) at the catalytic domain, providing genetic evidence for domain interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Portillo
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma, Madrid, Spain
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18
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The CDC25 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae promotes exchange of guanine nucleotides bound to ras. Mol Cell Biol 1991. [PMID: 2017169 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.11.5.2641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The product of the CDC25 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in its capacity as an activator of the RAS/cyclic AMP pathway, is required for initiation of the cell cycle. In this report, we provide an identification of Cdc25p, the product of the CDC25 gene, and evidence that it promotes exchange of guanine nucleotides bound to Ras in vitro. Extracts of strains containing high levels of Cdc25p catalyze both removal of GDP from and the concurrent binding of GTP to Ras. This same activity is also obtained with an immunopurified Cdc25p-beta-galactosidase fusion protein, suggesting that Cdc25p participates directly in the exchange reaction. This biochemical activity is consistent with previous genetic analysis of CDC25 function.
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19
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Jones S, Vignais ML, Broach JR. The CDC25 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae promotes exchange of guanine nucleotides bound to ras. Mol Cell Biol 1991; 11:2641-6. [PMID: 2017169 PMCID: PMC360033 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.11.5.2641-2646.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The product of the CDC25 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in its capacity as an activator of the RAS/cyclic AMP pathway, is required for initiation of the cell cycle. In this report, we provide an identification of Cdc25p, the product of the CDC25 gene, and evidence that it promotes exchange of guanine nucleotides bound to Ras in vitro. Extracts of strains containing high levels of Cdc25p catalyze both removal of GDP from and the concurrent binding of GTP to Ras. This same activity is also obtained with an immunopurified Cdc25p-beta-galactosidase fusion protein, suggesting that Cdc25p participates directly in the exchange reaction. This biochemical activity is consistent with previous genetic analysis of CDC25 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jones
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544
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20
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van Aelst L, Jans AW, Thevelein JM. Involvement of the CDC25 gene product in the signal transmission pathway of the glucose-induced RAS-mediated cAMP signal in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. JOURNAL OF GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY 1991; 137:341-9. [PMID: 1849965 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-137-2-341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Addition of glucose or related fermentable sugars to derepressed cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae triggers a RAS-protein-mediated cAMP signal, which induces a protein phosphorylation cascade. Yeast strains without a functional CDC25 gene were deficient in basal cAMP synthesis and in the glucose-induced cAMP signal. Addition of dinitrophenol, which in wild-type strains strongly stimulates in vivo cAMP synthesis by lowering intracellular pH, did not enhance the cAMP level. cdc25 disruption mutants, in which the basal cAMP level was restored by the RAS2val19 oncogene or by disruption of the gene (PDE2) coding for the high-affinity phosphodiesterase, were still deficient in the glucose- and acidification-induced cAMP responses. These results indicate that the CDC25 gene product is required not only for basal cAMP synthesis in yeast but also for specific activation of cAMP synthesis by the signal transmission pathway leading from glucose to adenyl cyclase. They also show that intracellular acidification stimulates the pathway at or upstream of the CDC25 protein. When shifted to the restrictive temperature, cells with the temperature sensitive cdc25-5 mutation lost their cAMP content within a few minutes. After prolonged incubation at the restrictive temperature, cells with this mutation, and also those with the temperature sensitive cdc25-1 mutation, arrested at the 'start' point (in G1) of the cell cycle, and subsequently accumulated in the resting state G0. In contrast with cdc25-5 cells, however, the cAMP level did not decrease and normal glucose- and acidification-induced cAMP responses were observed when cdc25-1 cells were shifted to the restrictive temperature.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- L van Aelst
- Laboratorium voor Cellulaire Biochemie, Katholieke Universiteit te Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
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21
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Frascotti G, Baroni D, Martegani E. The glucose-induced polyphosphoinositides turnover in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is not dependent on the CDC25-RAS mediated signal transduction pathway. FEBS Lett 1990; 274:19-22. [PMID: 2174802 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(90)81319-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recently the polyphosphoinositides (PI) turnover has been related to the control of growth and cell cycle also in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the RAS2 and RAS1 gene products have been shown to be involved in the stimulation of PI turnover in G0/G1 arrested yeast cells. Here we show that addition of glucose to previously glucose-starved cells, stimulates, the PI turnover with fast kinetics also in yeast cells that were not arrested in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. In addition PI turnover is equally stimulated in temperature sensitive cdc25-1 and cdc25-5 strains at restrictive temperature, as well as in ras1, ras2-ts strain, suggesting that PI turnover stimulation is not dependent on the CDC25-RAS mediated signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Frascotti
- Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Biochimica Generali, Università di Milano, Italy
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22
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Sussman MR, Harper JF. Molecular biology of the plasma membrane of higher plants. THE PLANT CELL 1989; 1:953-60. [PMID: 2562554 PMCID: PMC159831 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.1.10.953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M R Sussman
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
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23
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Tripp ML, Bouchard RA, Piñón R. Cloning and characterization of NSP1, a locus encoding a component of a CDC25-dependent, nutrient-responsive pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Microbiol 1989; 3:1319-27. [PMID: 2693892 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00113.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The NSP1 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been identified by its ability, when expressed at high levels, to bypass the CDC25 requirement for growth. Sequence analysis of the cloned NSP1 locus suggests that the NSP1 product contains 269 amino acids and has a membrane-spanning domain at its carboxyl terminus. The NSP1 protein does not have sequence similarity to other known proteins, and is not related to the CDC25 protein, or to any of the previously described suppressors of CDC25 mutants. Phosphoprotein analysis of NSP1-suppressed cells indicates that the NSP1 product controls the phosphorylation of two 31 kD proteins whose phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are strongly correlated with cell-cycle arrest and proliferation, respectively, and suggests that the NSP1 product is an important downstream element of a CDC25-dependent, nutrient-responsive, phosphorylation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Tripp
- Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093
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24
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Abstract
A detailed kinetic analysis of the cell cycle of cdc25-1, RAS2Val-19, or cdc25-1/RAS2Val-19 mutants during exponential growth is presented. At the permissive temperature (24 degrees C), cdc25-1 cells show a longer G1/unbudded phase of the cell cycle and have a smaller critical cell size required for budding without changing the growth rate in comparison to an isogenic wild type. The RAS2Val-19 mutation efficiently suppresses the ts growth defect of the cdc25-1 mutant at 36 degrees C and the increase of G1 phase at 24 degrees C. Moreover, it causes a marked increase of the critical cell mass required to enter into a new cell division cycle compared with that of the wild type. Since the critical cell mass is physiologically modulated by nutritional conditions, we have also studied the behavior of these mutants in different media. The increase in cell size caused by the RAS2Val-19 mutation is evident in all tested growth conditions, while the effect of cdc25-1 is apparently more pronounced in rich culture media. CDC25 and RAS2 gene products have been showed to control cell growth by regulating the cyclic AMP metabolic pathway. Experimental evidence reported herein suggests that the modulation of the critical cell size by CDC25 and RAS2 may involve adenylate cyclase.
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25
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Mortimer RK, Schild D, Contopoulou CR, Kans JA. Genetic map of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, edition 10. Yeast 1989; 5:321-403. [PMID: 2678811 DOI: 10.1002/yea.320050503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R K Mortimer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720
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26
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Baroni MD, Martegani E, Monti P, Alberghina L. Cell size modulation by CDC25 and RAS2 genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 1989; 9:2715-23. [PMID: 2548086 PMCID: PMC362344 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.9.6.2715-2723.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A detailed kinetic analysis of the cell cycle of cdc25-1, RAS2Val-19, or cdc25-1/RAS2Val-19 mutants during exponential growth is presented. At the permissive temperature (24 degrees C), cdc25-1 cells show a longer G1/unbudded phase of the cell cycle and have a smaller critical cell size required for budding without changing the growth rate in comparison to an isogenic wild type. The RAS2Val-19 mutation efficiently suppresses the ts growth defect of the cdc25-1 mutant at 36 degrees C and the increase of G1 phase at 24 degrees C. Moreover, it causes a marked increase of the critical cell mass required to enter into a new cell division cycle compared with that of the wild type. Since the critical cell mass is physiologically modulated by nutritional conditions, we have also studied the behavior of these mutants in different media. The increase in cell size caused by the RAS2Val-19 mutation is evident in all tested growth conditions, while the effect of cdc25-1 is apparently more pronounced in rich culture media. CDC25 and RAS2 gene products have been showed to control cell growth by regulating the cyclic AMP metabolic pathway. Experimental evidence reported herein suggests that the modulation of the critical cell size by CDC25 and RAS2 may involve adenylate cyclase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Baroni
- Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Biochimica Generali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
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27
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Ulaszewski S, Hilger F, Goffeau A. Cyclic AMP controls the plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Lett 1989; 245:131-6. [PMID: 2538355 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(89)80206-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The thermosensitive G1-arrested cdc35-10 mutant from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, defective in adenylate cyclase activity, was shifted to restrictive temperature. After 1 h incubation at this temperature, the plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity of cdc35-10 was reduced to 50%, whereas that in mitochondria doubled. Similar data were obtained with cdc25, another thermosensitive G1-arrested mutant modified in the cAMP pathway. In contrast, the ATPase activities of the G1-arrested mutant cdc19, defective in pyruvate kinase, were not affected after 2 h incubation at restrictive temperature. In the double mutants cdc35-10 cas1 and cdc25 cas1, addition of extracellular cAMP prevented the modifications of ATPase activities observed in the single mutants cdc35-10 and cdc25. These data indicate that cAMP acts as a positive effector on the H+-ATPase activity of plasma membranes and as a negative effector on that of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ulaszewski
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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28
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Cid A, Serrano R. Mutations of the yeast plasma membrane H+-ATPase which cause thermosensitivity and altered regulation of the enzyme. J Biol Chem 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)68195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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29
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Serrano R. Structure and function of proton translocating ATPase in plasma membranes of plants and fungi. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1988; 947:1-28. [PMID: 2894226 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4157(88)90017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Serrano
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg (F.R.G.)
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30
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Johnson DI, Jacobs CW, Pringle JR, Robinson LC, Carle GF, Olson MV. Mapping of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC3, CDC25, and CDC42 genes to chromosome XII by chromosome blotting and tetrad analysis. Yeast 1987; 3:243-53. [PMID: 3332976 DOI: 10.1002/yea.320030405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CDC3, CDC25 and CDC42 were localized to chromosome XII by hybridizing the cloned genes to Southern blots of chromosomes separated by orthogonal-field-alternation gel electrophoresis. Meiotic tetrad analyses further localized these genes to the region distal to the RDN1 locus on the right arm of the chromosome. The STE11 gene, which had previously been mapped to chromosome XII (Chaleff and Tatchell, 1985), was found to be tightly linked to ILV5. The data suggest a map order of CEN12-RDN1-CDC42-(CDC25-CDC3)-(ILV5- STE11)-URA4. Certain oddities of the data set raise the possibility that there may be constraints on the patterns of recombination in this region of chromosome XII.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Johnson
- Department of Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109
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