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Cifuente JO, Colleoni C, Kalscheuer R, Guerin ME. Architecture, Function, Regulation, and Evolution of α-Glucans Metabolic Enzymes in Prokaryotes. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4863-4934. [PMID: 38606812 PMCID: PMC11046441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria have acquired sophisticated mechanisms for assembling and disassembling polysaccharides of different chemistry. α-d-Glucose homopolysaccharides, so-called α-glucans, are the most widespread polymers in nature being key components of microorganisms. Glycogen functions as an intracellular energy storage while some bacteria also produce extracellular assorted α-glucans. The classical bacterial glycogen metabolic pathway comprises the action of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and glycogen synthase, whereas extracellular α-glucans are mostly related to peripheral enzymes dependent on sucrose. An alternative pathway of glycogen biosynthesis, operating via a maltose 1-phosphate polymerizing enzyme, displays an essential wiring with the trehalose metabolism to interconvert disaccharides into polysaccharides. Furthermore, some bacteria show a connection of intracellular glycogen metabolism with the genesis of extracellular capsular α-glucans, revealing a relationship between the storage and structural function of these compounds. Altogether, the current picture shows that bacteria have evolved an intricate α-glucan metabolism that ultimately relies on the evolution of a specific enzymatic machinery. The structural landscape of these enzymes exposes a limited number of core catalytic folds handling many different chemical reactions. In this Review, we present a rationale to explain how the chemical diversity of α-glucans emerged from these systems, highlighting the underlying structural evolution of the enzymes driving α-glucan bacterial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier O. Cifuente
- Instituto
Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of
the Basque Country, E-48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Christophe Colleoni
- University
of Lille, CNRS, UMR8576-UGSF -Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale
et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Rainer Kalscheuer
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Marcelo E. Guerin
- Structural
Glycobiology Laboratory, Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB), Spanish
National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona Science Park, c/Baldiri Reixac 4-8, Tower R, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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2
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Park I, Mannaa M. Assessing Amylose Content with Iodine and Con A Methods, In Vivo Digestion Profile, and Thermal Properties of Amylosucrase-Treated Waxy Corn Starch. Foods 2024; 13:1203. [PMID: 38672876 PMCID: PMC11048771 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, waxy corn starch was modified with 230 U or 460 U of amylosucrase (AS) from Neisseria polysaccharea (NP) to elongate the glucan. The amylose content of the AS-modified starches was determined using iodine and concanavalin A (Con A) methods, and their in vivo digestion, thermal, swelling, and pasting properties were evaluated. The amylose content of AS-treated starches was not significantly different (p > 0.05) when using the Con A method but was significantly higher than that of non-AS-treated samples when using the iodine method. In vivo, rats fed AS-treated starch had significantly lower blood glucose levels at 15 min than other rats; rats fed 460 U AS had lower blood glucose levels at 30 and 60 min than non-AS-treated rats. DSC analysis revealed that AS-treated starches exhibited higher initial, melting, and completion temperatures. Minimal volume expansion was observed by swelling factor analysis, while a Rapid Visco Analyzer assessment revealed that they had higher pasting onset temperatures, lower peak viscosities, and no trough viscosity compared to native starch. The elongated glucans in AS-treated starch reinforced their crystalline structure and increased slowly digestible and enzyme-resistant starch content. Overall, AS-treated starch showed unique thermal properties and a reduced blood glucose index upon administration. This distinctive characteristic of NPAS-treated starch makes it a good candidate food or non-food material for cosmetic products, medical materials, and adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmyoung Park
- School of Food and Culinary Arts, Youngsan University, Busan 48015, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohamed Mannaa
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
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3
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Wang C, Niu D, Mchunu NP, Zhang M, Singh S, Wang Z. Secretory expression of amylosucrase in Bacillus licheniformis through twin-arginine translocation pathway. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 51:kuae004. [PMID: 38253396 PMCID: PMC10849164 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Amylosucrase (EC 2.4.1.4) is a versatile enzyme with significant potential in biotechnology and food production. To facilitate its efficient preparation, a novel expression strategy was implemented in Bacillus licheniformis for the secretory expression of Neisseria polysaccharea amylosucrase (NpAS). The host strain B. licheniformis CBBD302 underwent genetic modification through the deletion of sacB, a gene responsible for encoding levansucrase that synthesizes extracellular levan from sucrose, resulting in a levan-deficient strain, B. licheniformis CBBD302B. Neisseria polysaccharea amylosucrase was successfully expressed in B. licheniformis CBBD302B using the highly efficient Sec-type signal peptide SamyL, but its extracellular translocation was unsuccessful. Consequently, the expression of NpAS via the twin-arginine translocation (TAT) pathway was investigated using the signal peptide SglmU. The study revealed that NpAS could be effectively translocated extracellularly through the TAT pathway, with the signal peptide SglmU facilitating the process. Remarkably, 62.81% of the total expressed activity was detected in the medium. This study marks the first successful secretory expression of NpAS in Bacillus species host cells, establishing a foundation for its future efficient production. ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARY Amylosucrase was secreted in Bacillus licheniformis via the twin-arginine translocation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caizhe Wang
- Department of Biological Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Dandan Niu
- Department of Biological Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Nokuthula Peace Mchunu
- National Research Foundation, PO Box 2600 Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- School of Life Science, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Biological Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Suren Singh
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, PO Box 1334, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Zhengxiang Wang
- Department of Biological Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin 300457, China
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4
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Ryu HJ, Jung DH, Yoo SH, Tuncil YE, Lee BH. Bifidogenic property of enzymatically synthesized water-insoluble α-glucans with different α-1,6 branching ratio. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Shen P, Niu D, Permaul K, Tian K, Singh S, Wang Z. Exploitation of ammonia-inducible promoters for enzyme overexpression in Bacillus licheniformis. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 48:6298226. [PMID: 34124759 PMCID: PMC9113418 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuab037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ammonium hydroxide is conventionally used as an alkaline reagent and cost-effective nitrogen source in enzyme manufacturing processes. However, few ammonia-inducible enzyme expression systems have been described thus far. In this study, genomic-wide transcriptional changes in Bacillus licheniformis CBBD302 cultivated in media supplemented with ammonia were analyzed, resulting in identification of 1443 differently expressed genes, of which 859 genes were upregulated and 584 downregulated. Subsequently, the nucleotide sequences of ammonia-inducible promoters were analyzed and their functionally-mediated expression of amyL, encoding an α-amylase, was shown. TRNA_RS39005 (copA), TRNA_RS41250 (sacA), TRNA_RS23130 (pdpX), TRNA_RS42535 (ald), TRNA_RS31535 (plp), and TRNA_RS23240 (dfp) were selected out of the 859 upregulated genes and each showed higher transcription levels (FPKM values) in the presence of ammonia and glucose than that of the control. The promoters, PcopA from copA, PsacA from sacA, PpdpX from pdpX, Pald from ald, and Pplp from plp, except Pdfp from dfp, were able to mediate amyL expression and were significantly induced by ammonia. The highest enzyme expression level was mediated by Pplp and represented 23% more α-amylase activity after induction by ammonia in a 5-L fermenter. In conclusion, B. licheniformis possesses glucose-independent ammonia-inducible promoters, which can be used to mediate enzyme expression and therefore enhance the enzyme yield in fermentations conventionally fed with ammonia for pH adjustment and nitrogen supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peili Shen
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Dandan Niu
- Department of Biological Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Kugen Permaul
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P. O. Box 1334, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Kangming Tian
- Department of Biological Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Suren Singh
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P. O. Box 1334, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Zhengxiang Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.,Department of Biological Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
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Reddy Shetty P, Batchu UR, Buddana SK, Sambasiva Rao K, Penna S. A comprehensive review on α-D-Glucans: Structural and functional diversity, derivatization and bioapplications. Carbohydr Res 2021; 503:108297. [PMID: 33813321 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glucans are the most abundant natural polysaccharides across the living kingdom with tremendous biological activities. Now a days, α-D-glucans are gaining importance as a prebiotics, nutraceuticals, immunostimulants, antiproliferative agents and biodegradable polymers in pharmaceutical and cosmetic sectors. A wide variety of bioresources including bacteria, fungi, lichens, algae, plants and animals produce α-D-glucans either as an exopolysaccharide (EPS) or a cell wall component or an energy storage polymer. The α-D-glucans exhibit great structural and functional diversity as the type of linkage and percentage of branching dictate the functional properties of glucans. Among the different linkages, bioactivities are greatly confined to the α-D-(1 → 3) linkages whereas starch and other polymers consisting of α-D-(1 → 4) (1 → 6) linkages are specific for food and pharmaceutical applications. However, the bioactivities of the α-D-(1 → 3) glucans in native form is limited mainly due to their hydrophobic nature. Hence several derivatization techniques have been developed to improve the bioavailability as well as bioactive features such as antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory and antitumor properties. Though, several reports have presented about α-D-glucans, still there is an ambiguity in terms of their structure among different natural sources and moreover no comprehensive information was available on their derivatization techniques and application potential. Therefore, the present review summarizes distinct description on diverse sources, type of linkages, derivatization techniques as well as the application potential of the native and modified α-D-glucans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakasham Reddy Shetty
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, Telangana, India.
| | - Uma Rajeswari Batchu
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, Telangana, India.
| | - Sudheer Kumar Buddana
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Ghaziabad, 201001, New Delhi, India.
| | - Krs Sambasiva Rao
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, 522510, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Suprasanna Penna
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, 400085, Maharashtra, India.
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7
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Wang R, Li Z, Zhang T, Zhang H, Zhou X, Wang T, Feng W, Yu P. Impact of amylose content on the starch branch chain elongation catalyzed by amylosucrase from Neisseria polysaccharea. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Su L, Zhao Y, Wu D, Wu J. Heterogeneous expression, molecular modification of amylosucrase from Neisseria polysaccharea, and its application in the preparation of turanose. Food Chem 2020; 314:126212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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9
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Jung HT, Park CS, Shim YE, Shin H, Baik MY, Kim HS, Yoo SH, Seo DH, Lee BH. Enzymatically elongated rice starches by amylosucrase from Deinococcus geothermalis lead to slow down the glucose generation rate at the mammalian α-glucosidase level. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 149:767-772. [PMID: 32001286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Amylosucrase (AS) catalyzes the transfer of a glucosyl unit from sucrose onto α-1,4-linked glucan polymers in starch. In this study, AS from Deinococcus geothermalis (DgAS) was applied to produce modified rice starches with slowly digestible properties. DgAS-treated waxy and normal rice starches showed significantly (p < 0.05) elevated degrees of polymerization, suggesting that the external chains were elongated. Additionally, the crystalline structures of starches changed from A- to B-type, and the temperature transition properties of enzymatically modified rice starches increased. The amounts of slowly digestible starch (SDS) increased remarkably (20.1% and 18.8%; waxy and normal rice starches, respectively), and the DgAS-treated rice starches were slowly hydrolyzed to glucose at the mammalian mucosal α-glucosidase level. Thus, DgAS-treated rice starches can be used to produce SDS-based ingredients that attenuate the glucose spike after glycemic food ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Tak Jung
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheon-Seok Park
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Institute of Life Science and Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Eun Shim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansol Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Yeol Baik
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Institute of Life Science and Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Seok Kim
- Major of Food Science and Biotechnology, Division of Bio-convergence, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Yoo
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Seo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung-Hoo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Chin YW, Jang SW, Shin HS, Kim TW, Kim SK, Park CS, Seo DH. Heterologous expression of Deinococcus geothermalis amylosucrase in Corynebacterium glutamicum for luteolin glucoside production. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 135:109505. [PMID: 32146930 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.109505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Amylosucrase (ASase) has great industrial potential owing to its multifunctional activities, including transglucosylation, polymerization, and isomerization. In the present study, the properties of Deinococcus geothermalis ASase (DGAS) expressed in Corynebacterium glutamicum (cDGAS) and purified via Ni-NTA affinity chromatography were compared to those of DGAS expressed in Escherichia coli (eDGAS). The pH profile of cDGAS was similar to that of eDGAS, whereas the temperature profile of cDGAS was lower than that of eDGAS. The melting temperature of both enzymes did not differ significantly. Interestingly, polymerization activity was slightly lower in cDGAS than in eDGAS, whereas luteolin (an acceptor molecule) transglucosylation activity in cDGAS was 10 % higher than that in eDGAS. Analysis of protein secondary structure via circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that cDGAS had a lower strand/helix ratio than eDGAS. The present results indicate that cDGAS is of greater industrial significance than eDGAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Wook Chin
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Won Jang
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Soon Shin
- Research Group of Natural Materials and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Wan Kim
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ki Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheon-Seok Park
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Institute of Life Science and Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Seo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Seo DH, Yoo SH, Choi SJ, Kim YR, Park CS. Versatile biotechnological applications of amylosucrase, a novel glucosyltransferase. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:1-16. [PMID: 31976122 PMCID: PMC6949346 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-019-00686-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amylosucrase (AS; EC 2.4.1.4) is an enzyme that has great potential in the biotechnology and food industries, due to its multifunctional enzyme activities. It can synthesize α-1,4-glucans, like amylose, from sucrose as a sole substrate, but importantly, it can also utilize various other molecules as acceptors. In addition, AS produces sucrose isomers such as turanose and trehalulose. It also efficiently synthesizes modified starch with increased ratios of slow digestive starch and resistant starch, and glucosylated functional compounds with increased water solubility and stability. Furthermore, AS produces turnaose more efficiently than other carbohydrate-active enzymes. Amylose synthesized by AS forms microparticles and these can be utilized as biocompatible materials with various bio-applications, including drug delivery, chromatography, and bioanalytical sciences. This review not only compares the gene and enzyme characteristics of microbial AS, studied to date, but also focuses on the applications of AS in the biotechnology and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ho Seo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Yoo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jun Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Rok Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Institute of Life Science and Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Cheon-Seok Park
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Institute of Life Science and Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 Republic of Korea
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12
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Agarwal N, Narnoliya LK, Singh SP. Characterization of a novel amylosucrase gene from the metagenome of a thermal aquatic habitat, and its use in turanose production from sucrose biomass. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 131:109372. [PMID: 31615660 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.109372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Turanose is a natural isomer of sucrose. It is an emerging functional sweetener of the next generation. Turanose is catalytically synthesized from the sucrose biomass by employing amylosucrase enzyme. In this study, a novel gene encoding amylosucrase (Asmet) has been identified from the metagenome of a thermal aquatic habitat. Asmet exhibits 37-55% identity at the protein level with the known amylosucrases characterized till date. Asmet was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, followed by protein purification, and characterization. Asmet protein exhibited the maximum total activity at 9.0 pH and 60 °C temperature, whereas, 8.0 pH and 50 °C temperature were found optimum for transglycosylation activity. Asmet showed fairly high thermal tolerance at 50 °C. The conjugation of Asmet protein with functionalized iron nanoparticles significantly improved its thermal tolerance, showing hardly any loss in the enzyme's activity even after 72 h of heat (50 °C) exposure. The turanose yield of about 47% was achieved from 1.5 M sucrose, containing 0.5 M fructose in the reaction. Turanose was purified (˜95%) via a bio-physical process, and characterized by TLC, HPLC, and NMR. The novel amylosucrase gene was demonstrated to be a potential candidate for turanose production, utilizing various sucrose containing feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neera Agarwal
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, S.A.S. Nagar, Sector-81 (Knowledge City), Mohali, 140 306, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Narnoliya
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, S.A.S. Nagar, Sector-81 (Knowledge City), Mohali, 140 306, India
| | - Sudhir P Singh
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, S.A.S. Nagar, Sector-81 (Knowledge City), Mohali, 140 306, India.
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13
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Seo DH, Jung JH, Park CS. Improved polymerization activity of Deinococcus geothermalis amylosucrase by semi-rational design: Effect of loop flexibility on the polymerization reaction. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 130:177-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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15
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Kim KT, Rha CS, Jung YS, Kim YJ, Jung DH, Seo DH, Park CS. Comparative study on amylosucrases derived from Deinococcus species and catalytic characterization and use of amylosucrase derived from Deinococcus wulumuqiensis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/amylase-2019-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Amylosucrase (ASase; EC 2.4.1.4), a versatile enzyme, exhibits three characteristic activities: hydrolysis, isomerization, and transglycosylation. In this study, a novel ASase derived from Deinococcus wulumuquiensis (DWAS) was identified and expressed in Escherichia coli. The optimal reaction temperature and pH for the sucrose hydrolysis activity of DWAS were determined to be 45 °C and 9.0, respectively. DWAS displays relatively high thermostability compared with other ASases, as demonstrated by half-life of 96.7 and 4.7 min at 50 °C and 55 °C, respectively. DWAS fused with 6×His was successfully purified to apparent homogeneity with a molecular mass of approximately 72 kDa by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and confirmed by SDS-PAGE. DWAS transglycosylation activity can be used to modify isovitexin, a representative flavone C-glucoside contained in buckwheat sprouts to increase its limited bioavailability, which is due to its low absorption rate and unstable structure in the human body. Using isovitexin as a substrate, the major transglycosylation product of DWAS was found to be isovitexin monoglucoside. The comparison of transglycosylation reaction products of DWAS with those of other ASases derived from Deinococcus species revealed that the low sequence homology of loop 8 in ASases may affect the acceptor specificity of ASases and result in a distinctive acceptor specificity of DWAS.
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16
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Gangoiti J, Corwin SF, Lamothe LM, Vafiadi C, Hamaker BR, Dijkhuizen L. Synthesis of novel α-glucans with potential health benefits through controlled glucose release in the human gastrointestinal tract. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 60:123-146. [PMID: 30525940 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1516621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The glycemic carbohydrates we consume are currently viewed in an unfavorable light in both the consumer and medical research worlds. In significant part, these carbohydrates, mainly starch and sucrose, are looked upon negatively due to their rapid and abrupt glucose delivery to the body which causes a high glycemic response. However, dietary carbohydrates which are digested and release glucose in a slow manner are recognized as providing health benefits. Slow digestion of glycemic carbohydrates can be caused by several factors, including food matrix effect which impedes α-amylase access to substrate, or partial inhibition by plant secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds. Differences in digestion rate of these carbohydrates may also be due to their specific structures (e.g. variations in degree of branching and/or glycosidic linkages present). In recent years, much has been learned about the synthesis and digestion kinetics of novel α-glucans (i.e. small oligosaccharides or larger polysaccharides based on glucose units linked in different positions by α-bonds). It is the synthesis and digestion of such structures that is the subject of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Gangoiti
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah F Corwin
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Lisa M Lamothe
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Bruce R Hamaker
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Lubbert Dijkhuizen
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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17
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Zhu X, Tian Y, Xu W, Guang C, Zhang W, Zhang T, Mu W. Bioconversion of sucrose to maltooligosaccharides by the synergistic action of amylosucrase and α-amylase. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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18
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Sucrose-based biosynthetic process for chain-length-defined α-glucan and functional sweetener by Bifidobacterium amylosucrase. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 205:581-588. [PMID: 30446144 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A unique thermostable amylosucrase from Bifidobacterium thermophilum was produced as a recombinant protein with the half-life of 577 h at 50 °C. By adding 1.0 M fructose, turanose yield was improved from 22.7% to 43.3% with 1.0 M sucrose, and from 23.7% to 39.4% with 1.5 M sucrose. Sucrose consumption rate was greatest at 55 °C, but the lowest amount of turanose was produced. Thus, turanose yield from sucrose biomass was inversely proportional to reaction temperature and was highly dependent on [fructose]. Meanwhile, insoluble α-glucan yield was clearly reduced as [fructose] increased. With 1.0 M fructose + 1.0 M sucrose, glucan byproduct yield significantly decreased from 29.4% to 1.1%. Molecular weights of linear glucans were almost identical among various [sucrose]s and were homogenous with very low polydispersity. This unique dual reaction patterns of amylosucrase enzyme would be very useful for massive productions of two different biomaterials simply by changing sucrose biomass concentration.
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19
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Biochemical characterization of a highly thermostable amylosucrase from Truepera radiovictrix DSM 17093. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 116:744-752. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Miao M, Jiang B, Jin Z, BeMiller JN. Microbial Starch-Converting Enzymes: Recent Insights and Perspectives. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:1238-1260. [PMID: 33350152 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology; Jiangnan Univ.; 1800 Lihu Ave. Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P. R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology; Jiangnan Univ.; 1800 Lihu Ave. Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P. R. China
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology; Jiangnan Univ.; 1800 Lihu Ave. Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P. R. China
| | - James N. BeMiller
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology; Jiangnan Univ.; 1800 Lihu Ave. Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P. R. China
- Dept. of Food Science; Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue Univ.; 745 Agriculture Mall Drive West Lafayette IN 47907-2009 U.S.A
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21
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Tian Y, Xu W, Zhang W, Zhang T, Guang C, Mu W. Amylosucrase as a transglucosylation tool: From molecular features to bioengineering applications. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1540-1552. [PMID: 29935268 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Amylosucrase (EC 2.4.1.4, ASase), an outstanding sucrose-utilizing transglucosylase in the glycoside hydrolase family 13, can produce glucans with only α-1,4 linkages. Generally, on account of a double-displacement mechanism, ASase can catalyze polymerization, isomerization, and hydrolysis reactions with sucrose as the sole substrate, and has transglycosylation capacity to attach glucose molecules from sucrose to extra glycosyl acceptors. Based on extensive enzymology research, this review presents the characteristics of various ASases, including their microbial metabolism, preparation, and enzymatic properties, and exhibits structure-based strategies in the improvement of activity, specificity, and thermostability. As a vital transglucosylation tool of producing sugars, carbohydrate-based bioactive compounds, and materials, the bioengineering applications of ASases are also systematically summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Cuie Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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22
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Mukherjee K, Narindoshvili T, Raushel FM. Discovery of a Kojibiose Phosphorylase in Escherichia coli K-12. Biochemistry 2018; 57:2857-2867. [PMID: 29684280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The substrate profiles for three uncharacterized enzymes (YcjM, YcjT, and YcjU) that are expressed from a cluster of 12 genes ( ycjM-W and ompG) of unknown function in Escherichia coli K-12 were determined. Through a comprehensive bioinformatic and steady-state kinetic analysis, the catalytic function of YcjT was determined to be kojibiose phosphorylase. In the presence of saturating phosphate and kojibiose (α-(1,2)-d-glucose-d-glucose), this enzyme catalyzes the formation of d-glucose and β-d-glucose-1-phosphate ( kcat = 1.1 s-1, Km = 1.05 mM, and kcat/ Km = 1.12 × 103 M-1 s-1). Additionally, it was also shown that in the presence of β-d-glucose-1-phosphate, YcjT can catalyze the formation of other disaccharides using 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol, l-sorbose, d-sorbitol, or l-iditol as a substitute for d-glucose. Kojibiose is a component of cell wall lipoteichoic acids in Gram-positive bacteria and is of interest as a potential low-calorie sweetener and prebiotic. YcjU was determined to be a β-phosphoglucomutase that catalyzes the isomerization of β-d-glucose-1-phosphate ( kcat = 21 s-1, Km = 18 μM, and kcat/ Km = 1.1 × 106 M-1 s-1) to d-glucose-6-phosphate. YcjU was also shown to exhibit catalytic activity with β-d-allose-1-phosphate, β-d-mannose-1-phosphate, and β-d-galactose-1-phosphate. YcjM catalyzes the phosphorolysis of α-(1,2)-d-glucose-d-glycerate with a kcat = 2.1 s-1, Km = 69 μM, and kcat/ Km = 3.1 × 104 M-1 s-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keya Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77844 , United States
| | - Tamari Narindoshvili
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Frank M Raushel
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77844 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
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23
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Fluorescence detection of the transglycosylation activity of amylosucrase. Anal Biochem 2017; 532:19-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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24
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Kim HR, Choi SJ, Park CS, Moon TW. Kinetic studies of in vitro digestion of amylosucrase-modified waxy corn starches based on branch chain length distributions. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Wang Y, Xu W, Bai Y, Zhang T, Jiang B, Mu W. Identification of an α-(1,4)-Glucan-Synthesizing Amylosucrase from Cellulomonas carboniz T26. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:2110-2119. [PMID: 28240031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Amylosucrase, catalyzing the synthesis of α-(1,4)-glucan from sucrose, has been widely studied and used in carbohydrate biotransformation because of its versatile activities. In this study, a novel amylosucrase was characterized from Cellulomonas carboniz T26. The recombinant enzyme was overexpressed in Escherchia coli and purified by nickel affinity chromatography. It was determined to be a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of 72 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature for transglucosylation were measured to be pH 7.0 and 40 °C. The transglucosylation activity was significantly higher than the hydrolytic activity. The main product generated from sucrose was structurally determined to be α-(1,4)-glucan. A small amount of glucose was produced by hydrolysis, and sucrose isomers including turanose and trehalulose were generated as minor products. The ratio of hydrolytic, polymerization, and isomerization reactions was calculated to be 5.8:84.0:10.2. The enzyme favored production of long-chain insoluble α-glucan at lower temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and ‡Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and ‡Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu China
| | - Yuxiang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and ‡Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and ‡Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu China
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and ‡Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and ‡Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu China
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26
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Moulis C, André I, Remaud-Simeon M. GH13 amylosucrases and GH70 branching sucrases, atypical enzymes in their respective families. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2661-79. [PMID: 27141938 PMCID: PMC11108324 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2244-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Amylosucrases and branching sucrases are α-retaining transglucosylases found in the glycoside-hydrolase families 13 and 70, respectively, of the clan GH-H. These enzymes display unique activities in their respective families. Using sucrose as substrate and without mediation of nucleotide-activated sugars, amylosucrase catalyzes the formation of an α-(1 → 4) linked glucan that resembles amylose. In contrast, the recently discovered branching sucrases are unable to catalyze polymerization of glucosyl units as they are rather specific for dextran branching through α-(1 → 2) or α-(1 → 3) branching linkages depending on the enzyme regiospecificity. In addition, GH13 amylosucrases and GH70 branching sucrases are naturally promiscuous and can glucosylate different types of acceptor molecules including sugars, polyols, or flavonoids. Amylosucrases have been the most investigated glucansucrases, in particular to control product profiles or to successfully develop tailored α-transglucosylases able to glucosylate various molecules of interest, for example, chemically protected carbohydrates that are planned to enter in chemoenzymatic pathways. The structural traits of these atypical enzymes will be described and compared, and an overview of the potential of natural or engineered enzymes for glycodiversification and chemoenzymatic synthesis will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Moulis
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, 31400, Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle André
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, 31400, Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Magali Remaud-Simeon
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France.
- CNRS, UMR5504, 31400, Toulouse, France.
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, 31400, Toulouse, France.
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27
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Park MO, Lee BH, Lim E, Lim JY, Kim Y, Park CS, Lee HG, Kang HK, Yoo SH. Enzymatic Process for High-Yield Turanose Production and Its Potential Property as an Adipogenesis Regulator. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:4758-4764. [PMID: 27253611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Turanose is a sucrose isomer naturally existing in honey and a promising functional sweetener due to its low glycemic response. In this study, the extrinsic fructose effect on turanose productivity was examined in Neisseria amylosucrase reaction. Turanose was produced, by increasing the amount of extrinsic fructose as a reaction modulator, with high concentration of sucrose substrate, which resulted in 73.7% of production yield. In physiological functionality test, lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in the presence of high amounts of pure glucose was attenuated by turanose substitution in a dose-dependent manner. Turanose treatments at concentrations representing 50%, 75%, and 100% of total glucose concentration in cell media significantly reduced lipid accumulation by 18%, 35%, and 72%, respectively, as compared to controls. This result suggested that turanose had a positive role in controlling adipogenesis, and enzymatic process of turanose production has a potential to develop a functional food ingredient for controlling obesity and related chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Oh Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University , Gunja-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University , Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjin Lim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ye Lim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheon-Seok Park
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, and Institute of Life Science and Resources, Kyung Hee University , Seocheon, Kiheung, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Gyu Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University , 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kwon Kang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University , Gunja-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Yoo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University , Gunja-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
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28
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An unusual chimeric amylosucrase generated by domain-swapping mutagenesis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 86:7-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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Low digestion property of amylosucrase-modified waxy adlay starch. Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:457-460. [PMID: 30263291 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0063-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural and digestion properties of amylosucrase-modified waxy adlay starch were investigated. The unique reaction of amylosucrase caused a decrease and an increase in the proportion of short chains and long chains, respectively, via attachment of glucosyl units to the non-reducing ends of branch chains. The in vitro digestion profile of amylosucrase-modified starch revealed that elongated branch chains were the main reason for high contents of slowly digestible and resistant starches due to formation of a more perfect crystalline structure via easy association between elongated branch chains. The glucose response in mice after consumption of amylosucrase-modified starch was similar to the response for commercial resistant starch with a gradual increase followed by a gradual decrease in blood glucose concentrations over a prolonged time. Both in vitro and in vivo tests were used to verify increased resistance to digestive enzymes caused by amylosucrase modification.
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30
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Sucrose metabolism in halotolerant methanotroph Methylomicrobium alcaliphilum 20Z. Arch Microbiol 2015; 197:471-80. [PMID: 25577257 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-015-1080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Sucrose accumulation has been observed in some methylotrophic bacteria utilizing methane, methanol, or methylated amines as a carbon and energy source. In this work, we have investigated the biochemical pathways for sucrose metabolism in the model halotolerant methanotroph Methylomicrobium alcaliphilum 20Z. The genes encoding sucrose-phosphate synthase (Sps), sucrose-phosphate phosphatase (Spp), fructokinase (FruK), and amylosucrase (Ams) were co-transcribed and displayed similar expression levels. Functional Spp and Ams were purified after heterologous expression in Escherichia coli. Recombinant Spp exhibited high affinity for sucrose-6-phosphate and stayed active at very high levels of sucrose (K i = 1.0 ± 0.6 M). The recombinant amylosucrase obeyed the classical Michaelis-Menten kinetics in the reactions of sucrose hydrolysis and transglycosylation. As a result, the complete metabolic network for sucrose biosynthesis and re-utilization in the non-phototrophic organism was reconstructed for the first time. Comparative genomic studies revealed analogous gene clusters in various Proteobacteria, thus indicating that the ability to produce and metabolize sucrose is widespread among prokaryotes.
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31
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Mapping the acceptor site of sucrose phosphorylase from Bifidobacterium adolescentis by alanine scanning. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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32
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Seo DH, Jung JH, Ha SJ, Cho HK, Jung DH, Kim TJ, Baek NI, Yoo SH, Park CS. High-yield enzymatic bioconversion of hydroquinone to α-arbutin, a powerful skin lightening agent, by amylosucrase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 94:1189-97. [PMID: 22314516 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-3905-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
α-Arbutin (α-Ab) is a powerful skin whitening agent that blocks epidermal melanin biosynthesis by inhibiting the enzymatic oxidation of tyrosine and L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA). α-Ab was effectively synthesized from hydroquinone (HQ) by enzymatic biotransformation using amylosucrase (ASase). The ASase gene from Deinococcus geothermalis (DGAS) was expressed and efficiently purified from Escherichia coli using a constitutive expression system. The expressed DGAS was functional and performed a glycosyltransferase reaction using sucrose as a donor and HQ as an acceptor. The presence of a single HQ bioconversion product was confirmed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HQ bioconversion product was isolated by silica gel open column chromatography and its chemical structure determined by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The product was determined to be hydroquinone-O-α-D-glucopyranoside with a glucose molecule linked to HQ through an α-glycosidic bond. However, the production yield of the transfer reaction was significantly low (1.3%) due to the instability of HQ in the reaction mixture. The instability of HQ was considerably improved by antioxidant agents, particularly ascorbic acid, implying that HQ is labile to oxidation. A maximum yield of HQ transfer product of 90% was obtained at a 10:1 molar ratio of donor (sucrose) and acceptor (HQ) molecules in the presence of 0.2 mM ascorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ho Seo
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Institute of Life Science and Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
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33
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Kim JH, Wang R, Lee WH, Park CS, Lee S, Yoo SH. One-pot synthesis of cycloamyloses from sucrose by dual enzyme treatment: combined reaction of amylosucrase and 4-α-glucanotransferase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:5044-5051. [PMID: 21434692 DOI: 10.1021/jf2002238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Amylose-like α-(1,4)-glucan known as the most favorable substrate for the enzymatic production of cycloamyloses (CAs) using 4-α-glucanotransferase has a solubility issue, which requires an additional solubilization process. In our study, two glucosyltransferases, Synechocystis 4-α-glucanotransferase and Neisseria amylosucrase, were adopted to develop an efficient biocatalytic production process of CAs directly from sucrose. From one-pot synthesis, the maximum CA yield (9.6%, w/w) with 0.3 M sucrose was achieved with 10 units/mL of amylosucrase and 0.1 unit/mL of 4-α-glucanotransferase at 40 °C for a 3 h reaction in a simultaneous dual enzyme reaction mode. The size of linear α-(1,4)-glucan was positively related to the CA productivity by 4-α-glucanotransferase in a hyperbolic manner. Using our innovative bioprocess, there was no practical limitation on the initial sucrose concentration and no use of insoluble linear α-(1,4)-glucan substrate. Consequently, the concomitant dual enzyme reaction converted sucrose directly to CAs via in situ transient linear α-(1,4)-glucan as an soluble intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
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34
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Schneider J, Fricke C, Overwin H, Hofer B. High level expression of a recombinant amylosucrase gene and selected properties of the enzyme. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 89:1821-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-3000-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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35
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Shin HJ, Choi SJ, Park CS, Moon TW. Preparation of starches with low glycaemic response using amylosucrase and their physicochemical properties. Carbohydr Polym 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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Champion E, Moulis C, Morel S, Mulard L, Monsan P, Remaud-Siméon M, André I. A pH-Based High-Throughput Screening of Sucrose-Utilizing Transglucosidases for the Development of Enzymatic Glucosylation Tools. ChemCatChem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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37
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Wecker P, Klockow C, Schüler M, Dabin J, Michel G, Glöckner FO. Life cycle analysis of the model organism Rhodopirellula baltica SH 1(T) by transcriptome studies. Microb Biotechnol 2010; 3:583-94. [PMID: 21255355 PMCID: PMC3815771 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2010.00183.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine organism Rhodopirellula baltica is a representative of the globally distributed phylum Planctomycetes whose members exhibit an intriguing lifestyle and cell morphology. The analysis of R. baltica's genome has revealed many biotechnologically promising features including a set of unique sulfatases and C1‐metabolism genes. Salt resistance and the potential for adhesion in the adult phase of the cell cycle were observed during cultivation. To promote the understanding of this model organism and to specify the functions of potentially useful genes, gene expression throughout a growth curve was monitored using a whole genome microarray approach. Transcriptional profiling suggests that a large number of hypothetical proteins are active within the cell cycle and in the formation of the different cell morphologies. Numerous genes with potential biotechnological applications were found to be differentially regulated, revealing further characteristics of their functions and regulation mechanisms. More specifically, the experiments shed light on the expression patterns of genes belonging to the organism's general stress response, those involved in the reorganization of its genome and those effecting morphological changes. These transcriptomic results contribute to a better understanding of thus far unknown molecular elements of cell biology. Further, they pave the way for the biotechnological exploitation of R. baltica's distinctive metabolic features as a step towards sourcing the phylum Planctomycetes at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Wecker
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Microbial Genomics Group, Celsiusstr. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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Monsan P, O'Donohue MJ. Industrial Biotechnology in the Food and Feed Sector. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527630233.ch10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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39
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Highly selective biotransformation of arbutin to arbutin-α-glucoside using amylosucrase from Deinococcus geothermalis DSM 11300. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2009.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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40
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Jung JH, Seo DH, Ha SJ, Song MC, Cha J, Yoo SH, Kim TJ, Baek NI, Baik MY, Park CS. Enzymatic synthesis of salicin glycosides through transglycosylation catalyzed by amylosucrases from Deinococcus geothermalis and Neisseria polysaccharea. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:1612-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Revised: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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41
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Skov LK, Mirza O, Sprogøe D, van der Veen BA, Remaud-Simeon M, Albenne C, Monsan P, Gajhede M. Crystal structure of the Glu328Gln mutant ofNeisseria polysacchareaamylosucrase in complex with sucrose and maltoheptaose. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420500538100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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42
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Lee GY, Jung JH, Seo DH, Ha SJ, Park CS. Cloning of amylosucrase from Alteromonas macleodii and expression using pGEX-4T-1 vector. J Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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43
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Seo DH, Jung JH, Ha SJ, Cha J, Kim TJ, Yoo SH, Park CS. Analysis of multifunctional catalytic activity of amylosucase from Deinococcus geothermalis and its application on the production of transglycosylation product. J Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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44
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Kim MI, Kim HS, Jung J, Rhee S. Crystal structures and mutagenesis of sucrose hydrolase from Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines: insight into the exclusively hydrolytic amylosucrase fold. J Mol Biol 2008; 380:636-47. [PMID: 18565544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2008] [Revised: 04/26/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neisseria polysaccharea amylosucrase (NpAS), a transglucosidase of glycoside hydrolase family 13, is a hydrolase and glucosyltransferase that catalyzes the synthesis of amylose-like polymer from a sucrose substrate. Recently, an NpAS homolog from Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines was identified as a member of the newly defined carbohydrate utilization locus that regulates the utilization of plant sucrose in phytopathogenic bacteria. Interestingly, this enzyme is exclusively a hydrolase and not a glucosyltransferase; it is thus known as sucrose hydrolase (SUH). Here, we elucidated the novel functional features of SUH using X-ray crystallography and site-directed mutagenesis. Four different crystal structures of SUH, including the SUH-Tris and the SUH-sucrose and SUH-glucose complexes, represent structural snapshots along the catalytic reaction coordinate. These structures show that SUH is distinctly different from NpAS in that ligand-induced conformational changes in SUH cause the formation of a pocket-shaped active site and in that SUH lacks the three arginine residues found in the NpAS active site that appear to be crucial for NpAS glucosyltransferase activity. Mutation of SUH to insert these arginines failed to confer glucosyltransferase activity, providing evidence that its enzymatic activity is limited to sucrose hydrolysis by its pocket-shaped active site and the identity of residues in the vicinity of the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Il Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Agricultural Biomaterials, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
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Emond S, Potocki-Véronèse G, Mondon P, Bouayadi K, Kharrat H, Monsan P, Remaud-Simeon M. Optimized and automated protocols for high-throughput screening of amylosucrase libraries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 12:715-23. [PMID: 17517906 DOI: 10.1177/1087057107301978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the design and validation of a general procedure for the high-throughput isolation of amylosucrase variants displaying higher thermostability or increased resistance to organic solvents. This procedure consists of 2 successive steps: an in vivo selection that eliminates inactive variants followed by automated screening of active variants to isolate mutants displaying enhanced features. The authors chose an Escherichia coli expression vector, allowing a high production rate of the recombinant enzyme in miniaturized culture conditions. The screening assay was validated by minimizing variability for various parameters of the protocol, especially bacterial growth and protein production in cultures in 96-well microplates. Recombinant amylosucrase production was normalized by decreasing the coefficient of variance from 27% to 12.5%. Selective screening conditions were defined to select variants displaying higher thermostability or increased resistance to organic solvents. A first-generation amylosucrase variant library, constructed by random mutagenesis, was subjected to this procedure, yielding a mutant displaying a 25-fold increased stability at 50 degrees C compared to the parental wild-type enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Emond
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Toulouse, France
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Jacobasch G, Dongowski G, Schmiedl D, Müller-Schmehl K. Hydrothermal treatment of Novelose 330 results in high yield of resistant starch type 3 with beneficial prebiotic properties and decreased secondary bile acid formation in rats. Br J Nutr 2006; 95:1063-74. [PMID: 16768827 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20061713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Annealing and heat-moisture treatment (HMT) are shown to be suitable methods to increase the yield of resistant starch type 3 (RS3) from Novelose 330 by up to 75%. Peak temperatures of approximately 121 degrees C were used to produce to a sufficiently high thermal stability of the hydrothermal modified RS3 products for a wide range of applications. HMT significantly increased the crystallinity up to 40%. An in vivo feeding experiment with Wistar rats showed that fermentation of Novelose 330 dominated in the proximal colon, but degradation of HMT-Novelose was more dominant in the distal colon, leading to higher butyrate concentrations in this segment of the large bowel. Large-bowel surface and crypt length increased in the proximal colon in rats fed the Novelose 330-containing diet. In contrast, after the intake of HMT-Novelose, maximal values were found in the distal segment. The lower pH and higher butyrate concentration of the caecal and colonic contents significantly suppressed the formation of secondary bile acids in RS3-fed rats. The formation of secondary bile acids was inhibited more strongly by HMT-Novelose than by Novelose 330. The Ki-67-immunopositive epithelial cells in the colon of RS3-fed rats indicated the establishment of an optimal balance in the dynamic process of mucosal regeneration. HMT provides a method for the economical production of a high-quality RS3 with dominating prebiotic properties in the distal colon for health-promoting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Jacobasch
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Research Group Food Chemistry and Preventive Nutrition, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
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van der Veen BA, Skov LK, Potocki-Véronèse G, Gajhede M, Monsan P, Remaud-Simeon M. Increased amylosucrase activity and specificity, and identification of regions important for activity, specificity and stability through molecular evolution. FEBS J 2006; 273:673-81. [PMID: 16441655 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.05076.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amylosucrase is a transglycosidase which belongs to family 13 of the glycoside hydrolases and transglycosidases, and catalyses the formation of amylose from sucrose. Its potential use as an industrial tool for the synthesis or modification of polysaccharides is hampered by its low catalytic efficiency on sucrose alone, its low stability and the catalysis of side reactions resulting in sucrose isomer formation. Therefore, combinatorial engineering of the enzyme through random mutagenesis, gene shuffling and selective screening (directed evolution) was applied, in order to generate more efficient variants of the enzyme. This resulted in isolation of the most active amylosucrase (Asn387Asp) characterized to date, with a 60% increase in activity and a highly efficient polymerase (Glu227Gly) that produces a longer polymer than the wild-type enzyme. Furthermore, judged from the screening results, several variants are expected to be improved concerning activity and/or thermostability. Most of the amino acid substitutions observed in the totality of these improved variants are clustered around specific regions. The secondary sucrose-binding site and beta strand 7, connected to the important Asp393 residue, are found to be important for amylosucrase activity, whereas a specific loop in the B-domain is involved in amylosucrase specificity and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart A van der Veen
- Laboratoire Biotechnologie-Bioprocédés, UMR CNRS 5504, UMR INRA 792, Toulouse, France
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Pizzut-Serin S, Potocki-Véronèse G, van der Veen BA, Albenne C, Monsan P, Remaud-Simeon M. Characterisation of a novel amylosucrase from Deinococcus radiodurans. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:1405-10. [PMID: 15733849 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.12.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2004] [Revised: 11/24/2004] [Accepted: 12/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The BLAST search for amylosucrases has yielded several gene sequences of putative amylosucrases, however, with various questionable annotations. The putative encoded proteins share 32-48% identity with Neisseria polysaccharea amylosucrase (AS) and contain several amino acid residues proposed to be involved in AS specificity. First, the B-domains of the putative proteins and AS are highly similar. In addition, they also reveal additional residues between putative beta-strand 7 and alpha-helix 7 which could correspond to the AS B'-domain, which turns the active site into a deep pocket. Finally, conserved Asp and Arg residues could form a salt bridge similar to that found in AS, which is responsible for the glucosyl unit transfer specificity. Among these found genes, locus NP_294657.1 (dras) identified in the Deinococcus radiodurans genome was initially annotated as an alpha-amylase encoding gene. The putative encoded protein (DRAS) shares 42% identity with N. polysaccharea AS. To investigate the activity of this protein, gene NP_294657.1 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. When acting on sucrose, the pure recombinant enzyme was shown to catalyse insoluble amylose polymer synthesis accompanied by side-reactions (sucrose hydrolysis, sucrose isomer and soluble maltooligosaccharide formation). Kinetic analyses further showed that DRAS follows a non-Michaelian behaviour toward sucrose substrate and is activated by glycogen, as is AS. This demonstrates that gene NP_294657.1 encodes an amylosucrase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pizzut-Serin
- Centre de Bioingénierie Gilbert Durand, UMR CNRS 5504, UMR INRA 792, INSA, 135 avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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50
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Rolland-Sabaté A, Colonna P, Potocki-Véronèse G, Monsan P, Planchot V. Elongation and insolubilisation of α-glucans by the action of Neisseria polysaccharea amylosucrase. J Cereal Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2004.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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