1
|
Tian S, Zhao G, Lv G, Wu C, Su R, Wang F, Wang Z, Liu Y, Chen N, Li Y. Efficient Fermentative Production of d-Alanine and Other d-Amino Acids by Metabolically Engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:8039-8051. [PMID: 38545740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
d-Amino acids (d-AAs) have wide applications in industries such as pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetics due to their unique properties. Currently, the production of d-AAs has relied on chemical synthesis or enzyme catalysts, and it is challenging to produce d-AAs via direct fermentation from glucose. We observed that Corynebacterium glutamicum exhibits a remarkable tolerance to high concentrations of d-Ala, a crucial characteristic for establishing a successful fermentation process. By optimizing meso-diaminopilmelate dehydrogenases in different C. glutamicum strains and successively deleting l-Ala biosynthetic pathways, we developed an efficient d-Ala fermentation system. The d-Ala titer was enhanced through systems metabolic engineering, which involved strengthening glucose assimilation and pyruvate supply, reducing the formation of organic acid byproducts, and attenuating the TCA cycle. During fermentation in a 5-L bioreactor, a significant accumulation of l-Ala was observed in the broth, which was subsequently diminished by introducing an l-amino acid deaminase. Ultimately, the engineered strain DA-11 produced 85 g/L d-Ala with a yield of 0.30 g/g glucose, accompanied by an optical purity exceeding 99%. The fermentation platform has the potential to be extended for the synthesis of other d-AAs, as demonstrated by the production of d-Val and d-Glu.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Tian
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Guihong Zhao
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Gengcheng Lv
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Chen Wu
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Rui Su
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Feiao Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zeting Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yuexiang Liu
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ning Chen
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yin X, Zhao M, Zhou Y, Yang H, Liao Y, Wang F. Optimized methyl donor and reduced precursor degradation pathway for seleno-methylselenocysteine production in Bacillus subtilis. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:215. [PMID: 37853389 PMCID: PMC10585787 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02203-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seleno-methylselenocysteine (SeMCys) is an effective component of selenium supplementation with anti-carcinogenic potential that can ameliorate neuropathology and cognitive deficits. In a previous study, a SeMCys producing strain of Bacillus subtilis GBACB was generated by releasing feedback inhibition by overexpression of cysteine-insensitive serine O-acetyltransferase, enhancing the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine as methyl donor by overexpression of S-adenosylmethionine synthetase, and expressing heterologous selenocysteine methyltransferase. In this study, we aimed to improve GBACB SeMCys production by synthesizing methylmethionine as a donor to methylate selenocysteine and by inhibiting the precursor degradation pathway. RESULTS First, the performance of three methionine S-methyltransferases that provide methylmethionine as a methyl donor for SeMCys production was determined. Integration of the NmMmt gene into GBACB improved SeMCys production from 20.7 to 687.4 μg/L. Next, the major routes for the degradation of selenocysteine, which is the precursor of SeMCys, were revealed by comparing selenocysteine hyper-accumulating and non-producing strains at the transcriptional level. The iscSB knockout strain doubled SeMCys production. Moreover, deleting sdaA, which is responsible for the degradation of serine as a precursor of selenocysteine, enhanced SeMCys production to 4120.3 μg/L. Finally, the culture conditions in the flasks were optimized. The strain was tolerant to higher selenite content in the liquid medium and the titer of SeMCys reached 7.5 mg/L. CONCLUSIONS The significance of methylmethionine as a methyl donor for SeMCys production in B. subtilis is reported, and enhanced precursor supply facilitates SeMCys synthesis. The results represent the highest SeMCys production to date and provide insight into Se metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Ministry of Education), Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng RD 11, Beijing, 100048, China
- China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng RD 11, Beijing, 100048, China
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng RD 11, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Meiyi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Ministry of Education), Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng RD 11, Beijing, 100048, China
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng RD 11, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Ministry of Education), Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng RD 11, Beijing, 100048, China
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng RD 11, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Hulin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Ministry of Education), Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng RD 11, Beijing, 100048, China
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng RD 11, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yonghong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Ministry of Education), Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng RD 11, Beijing, 100048, China.
- China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng RD 11, Beijing, 100048, China.
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng RD 11, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Fenghuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Ministry of Education), Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng RD 11, Beijing, 100048, China.
- China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng RD 11, Beijing, 100048, China.
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng RD 11, Beijing, 100048, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kurpejović E, Wibberg D, Bastem GM, Burgardt A, Busche T, Kaya FEA, Dräger A, Wendisch VF, Akbulut BS. Can Genome Sequencing Coupled to Flux Balance Analyses Offer Precision Guidance for Industrial Strain Development? The Lessons from Carbon Trafficking in Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 21573. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2023; 27:434-443. [PMID: 37707996 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2023.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Systems biology tools offer new prospects for industrial strain selection. For bacteria that are significant for industrial applications, whole-genome sequencing coupled to flux balance analysis (FBA) can help unpack the complex relationships between genome mutations and carbon trafficking. This work investigates the l-tyrosine (l-Tyr) overproducing model system Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 21573 with an eye to more rational and precision strain development. Using genome-wide mutational analysis of C. glutamicum, we identified 27,611 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 479 insertion/deletion mutations. Mutations in the carbon uptake machinery have led to phosphotransferase system-independent routes as corroborated with FBA. Mutations within the central carbon metabolism of C. glutamicum impaired the carbon flux, as evidenced by the lower growth rate. The entry to and flow through the tricarboxylic acid cycle was affected by mutations in pyruvate and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complexes, citrate synthase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase. FBA indicated that the estimated flux through the shikimate pathway became larger as the l-Tyr production rate increased. In addition, protocatechuate export was probabilistically impossible, which could have contributed to the l-Tyr accumulation. Interestingly, aroG and cg0975, which have received previous attention for aromatic amino acid overproduction, were not mutated. From the branch point molecule, prephenate, the change in the promoter region of pheA could be an influential contributor. In summary, we suggest that genome sequencing coupled with FBA is well poised to offer rational guidance for industrial strain development, as evidenced by these findings on carbon trafficking in C. glutamicum ATCC 21573.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eldin Kurpejović
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Daniel Wibberg
- Genome Research of Industrial Microorganisms, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Arthur Burgardt
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tobias Busche
- Technology Platform Genomics, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Medical School East Westphalia-Lippe, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Fatma Ece Altinisik Kaya
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Computer Science, Eberhard Karl University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Dräger
- Department of Computer Science, Eberhard Karl University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Computational Systems Biology of Infections and Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens, Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics (IBMI), Eberhard Karl University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Volker F Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu M, Tang Y, Lu L, Kong W, Ye J. CysB Is a Key Regulator of the Antifungal Activity of Burkholderia pyrrocinia JK-SH007. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098067. [PMID: 37175772 PMCID: PMC10179380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pyrrocinia JK-SH007 can effectively control poplar canker caused by pathogenic fungi. Its antifungal mechanism remains to be explored. Here, we characterized the functional role of CysB in B. pyrrocinia JK-SH007. This protein was shown to be responsible for the synthesis of cysteine and the siderophore ornibactin, as well as the antifungal activity of B. pyrrocinia JK-SH007. We found that deletion of the cysB gene reduced the antifungal activity and production of the siderophore ornibactin in B. pyrrocinia JK-SH007. However, supplementation with cysteine largely restored these two abilities in the mutant. Further global transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the amino acid metabolic pathway was significantly affected and that some sRNAs were significantly upregulated and targeted the iron-sulfur metabolic pathway by TargetRNA2 prediction. Therefore, we suggest that, in B. pyrrocinia JK-SH007, CysB can regulate the expression of genes related to Fe-S clusters in the iron-sulfur metabolic pathway to affect the antifungal activity of B. pyrrocinia JK-SH007. These findings provide new insights into the various biological functions regulated by CysB in B. pyrrocinia JK-SH007 and the relationship between iron-sulfur metabolic pathways and fungal inhibitory substances. Additionally, they lay the foundation for further investigation of the main antagonistic substances of B. pyrrocinia JK-SH007.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yuwei Tang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lanxiang Lu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Weiliang Kong
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jianren Ye
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kurpejović E, Burgardt A, Bastem GM, Junker N, Wendisch VF, Sariyar Akbulut B. Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for l-tyrosine production from glucose and xylose. J Biotechnol 2023; 363:8-16. [PMID: 36566842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Microbial production of aromatic compounds is an attractive and sustainable biotechnological approach. With this motivation, here metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for l-tyrosine (l-Tyr) overproduction was attempted by pushing the carbon flux more towards l-Tyr. Translational start codon exchanges of prephenate dehydratase (pheA), anthranilate synthase (trpE), and phenylalanine aminotransferase (pat) genes revealed that reduced expression of pheA was the major contributor to increased l-Tyr titer while codon exchange in trpE was effective to a lower extent. Overexpression of aroE and qsuC, encoding shikimate dehydrogenase and 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase, respectively, and of dapC (cg1253), which is predicted to encode prephenate aminotransferase, were futile to increase l-Tyr titer. Similarly, deletion of the qsuABD gene cluster had also not enhanced titer. As for increasing precursor supply, deletion of ptsG of glucose uptake and overexpression of inositol permease (iolT2) and glucokinase (glcK) were not effective, but with utilization of xylose, enabled by overexpression of xylose isomerase (xylA) and xylulokinase (xylB), titer improved. Highest l-Tyr titer using the construct was 3.1 g/L on glucose and 3.6 g/L on a 1:3 (w/v) mixture of glucose and xylose. This result displays the potential of the constructed strain to produce l-Tyr from lignocellulosic renewable carbon sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eldin Kurpejović
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Kadıköy, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arthur Burgardt
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Gülsüm Merve Bastem
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Kadıköy, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nora Junker
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Volker F Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sheremetieva M, Anufriev K, Khlebodarova T, Kolchanov N, Yanenko A. Rational metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum to create a producer of L-valine. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2022; 26:743-757. [PMID: 36694718 PMCID: PMC9834717 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-22-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
L-Valine is one of the nine amino acids that cannot be synthesized de novo by higher organisms and must come from food. This amino acid not only serves as a building block for proteins, but also regulates protein and energy metabolism and participates in neurotransmission. L-Valine is used in the food and pharmaceutical industries, medicine and cosmetics, but primarily as an animal feed additive. Adding L-valine to feed, alone or mixed with other essential amino acids, allows for feeds with lower crude protein content, increases the quality and quantity of pig meat and broiler chicken meat, as well as improves reproductive functions of farm animals. Despite the fact that the market for L-valine is constantly growing, this amino acid is not yet produced in our country. In modern conditions, the creation of strains-producers and organization of L-valine production are especially relevant for Russia. One of the basic microorganisms most commonly used for the creation of amino acid producers, along with Escherichia coli, is the soil bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum. This review is devoted to the analysis of the main strategies for the development of L- valine producers based on C. glutamicum. Various aspects of L-valine biosynthesis in C. glutamicum are reviewed: process biochemistry, stoichiometry and regulation, enzymes and their corresponding genes, export and import systems, and the relationship of L-valine biosynthesis with central cell metabolism. Key genetic elements for the creation of C. glutamicum-based strains-producers are identified. The use of metabolic engineering to enhance L-valine biosynthesis reactions and to reduce the formation of byproducts is described. The prospects for improving strains in terms of their productivity and technological characteristics are shown. The information presented in the review can be used in the production of producers of other amino acids with a branched side chain, namely L-leucine and L-isoleucine, as well as D-pantothenate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - K.E. Anufriev
- NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Genomic Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - T.M. Khlebodarova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, RussiaKurchatov Genomic Center of ICG SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N.A. Kolchanov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, RussiaKurchatov Genomic Center of ICG SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A.S. Yanenko
- NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Genomic Center, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Golubyatnikov V, Akinshin A, Ayupova N, Minushkina L. Stratifications and foliations in phase portraits of gene network models. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2022; 26:758-764. [PMID: 36694713 PMCID: PMC9837163 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-22-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodic processes of gene network functioning are described with good precision by periodic trajectories (limit cycles) of multidimensional systems of kinetic-type differential equations. In the literature, such systems are often called dynamical, they are composed according to schemes of positive and negative feedback between components of these networks. The variables in these equations describe concentrations of these components as functions of time. In the preparation of numerical experiments with such mathematical models, it is useful to start with studies of qualitative behavior of ensembles of trajectories of the corresponding dynamical systems, in particular, to estimate the highest likelihood domain of the initial data, to solve inverse problems of parameter identification, to list the equilibrium points and their characteristics, to localize cycles in the phase portraits, to construct stratification of the phase portraits to subdomains with different qualities of trajectory behavior, etc. Such an à priori geometric analysis of the dynamical systems is quite analogous to the basic section "Investigation of functions and plot of their graphs" of Calculus, where the methods of qualitative studies of shapes of curves determined by equations are exposed. In the present paper, we construct ensembles of trajectories in phase portraits of some dynamical systems. These ensembles are 2-dimensional surfaces invariant with respect to shifts along the trajectories. This is analogous to classical construction in analytic mechanics, i. e. the level surfaces of motion integrals (energy, kinetic moment, etc.). Such surfaces compose foliations in phase portraits of dynamical systems of Hamiltonian mechanics. In contrast with this classical mechanical case, the foliations considered in this paper have singularities: all their leaves have a non-empty intersection, they contain limit cycles on their boundaries. Description of the phase portraits of these systems at the level of their stratifications, and that of ensembles of trajectories allows one to construct more realistic gene network models on the basis of methods of statistical physics and the theory of stochastic differential equations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V.P. Golubyatnikov
- Sobolev Institute of Mathematics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, RussiaNovosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A.A. Akinshin
- Huawei Russian Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N.B. Ayupova
- Sobolev Institute of Mathematics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, RussiaNovosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rohles C, Pauli S, Gießelmann G, Kohlstedt M, Becker J, Wittmann C. Systems metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum eliminates all by-products for selective and high-yield production of the platform chemical 5-aminovalerate. Metab Eng 2022; 73:168-181. [PMID: 35917915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
5-aminovalerate (AVA) is a platform chemical of substantial commercial value to derive nylon-5 and five-carbon derivatives like δ-valerolactam, 1,5-pentanediol, glutarate, and 5-hydroxyvalerate. De-novo bio-production synthesis of AVA using metabolically engineered cell factories is regarded as exemplary route to provide this chemical in a sustainable way. So far, this route is limited by low titers, rates and yields and suffers from high levels of by-products. To overcome these limitations, we developed a novel family of AVA producing C. glutamicum cell factories. Stepwise optimization included (i) improved AVA biosynthesis by expression balancing of the heterologous davAB genes from P. putida, (ii) reduced formation of the by-product glutarate by disruption of the catabolic y-aminobutyrate pathway (iii), increased AVA export, and (iv) reduced AVA re-import via native and heterologous transporters to account for the accumulation of intracellular AVA up to 300 mM. Strain C. glutamicum AVA-5A, obtained after several optimization rounds, produced 48.3 g L-1 AVA in a fed-batch process and achieved a high yield of 0.21 g g-1. Surprisingly in later stages, the mutant suddenly accumulated glutarate to an extent equivalent to 30% of the amount of AVA formed, tenfold more than in the early process, displaying a severe drawback toward industrial production. Further exploration led to the discovery that ArgD, naturally aminating N-acetyl-l-ornithine during l-arginine biosynthesis, exhibits deaminating side activity on AVA toward glutarate formation. This promiscuity became relevant because of the high intracellular AVA level and the fact that ArgD became unoccupied with the gradually stronger switch-off of anabolism during production. Glutarate formation was favorably abolished in the advanced strains AVA-6A, AVA-6B, and AVA-7, all lacking argD. In a fed-batch process, C. glutamicum AVA-7 produced 46.5 g L-1 AVA at a yield of 0.34 g g-1 and a maximum productivity of 1.52 g L-1 h-1, outperforming all previously reported efforts and stetting a milestone toward industrial manufacturing of AVA. Notably, the novel cell factories are fully genome-based, offering high genetic stability and requiring no selection markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Rohles
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Germany
| | - Sarah Pauli
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Germany
| | | | | | - Judith Becker
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fujiwara T, Funatsu T, Tsunoda M. Fast analysis using pillar array columns: Quantification of branched-chain α-keto acids in human plasma samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 198:114019. [PMID: 33725587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Branched-chain α-keto acids (BCKAs, namely, α-ketoisovaleric acid (KIV), α-ketoisocaproic acid (KIC), and α-keto-β-methylvaleric acid (KMV)) are related to many diseases such as myeloid leukemia, liver cancer, and diabetes mellitus. A rapid quantitative analytical method for BCKAs using pillar array columns was developed. α-Keto acids were labeled with 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB), followed by their separation on octadecylsilane-treated pillar array columns with MeOH/H2O as the mobile phase. Five DMB-labelled α-keto acids including the internal standard were separated in 160 s. The lower limits of quantification for DMB-α-keto acids were 2-5 μM. The intra- and interday precisions were 2.9-6.6 % and 5.2-10.7 %, respectively. The developed method was applied to BCKA quantification in human plasma samples; KIV, KIC, and KMV concentrations were determined to be 13.8, 24.2, and 15.2 μM, respectively. The method realized rapid, sensitive, and precise analysis of BCKAs and can be applied for clinical diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
| | - Takashi Funatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
| | - Makoto Tsunoda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tian Q, Bagheri Y, Keshri P, Wu R, Ren K, Yu Q, Zhao B, You M. Efficient and selective DNA modification on bacterial membranes. Chem Sci 2020; 12:2629-2634. [PMID: 34164031 PMCID: PMC8179310 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06630c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With highly precise self-assembly and programmability, DNA has been widely used as a versatile material in nanotechnology and synthetic biology. Recently, DNA-based nanostructures and devices have been engineered onto eukaryotic cell membranes for various exciting applications in the detection and regulation of cell functions. While in contrast, the potential of applying DNA nanotechnology for bacterial membrane studies is still largely underexplored, which is mainly due to the lack of tools to modify DNA on bacterial membranes. Herein, using lipid–DNA conjugates, we have developed a simple, fast, and highly efficient system to engineer bacterial membranes with designer DNA molecules. We have constructed a small library of synthetic lipids, conjugated with DNA oligonucleotides, and characterized their membrane insertion properties on various Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Simply after incubation, these lipid–DNA conjugates can be rapidly and efficiently inserted onto target bacterial membranes. Based on the membrane selectivity of these conjugates, we have further demonstrated their applications in differentiating bacterial strains and potentially in pathogen detection. These lipid–DNA conjugates are promising tools to facilitate the possibly broad usage of DNA nanotechnology for bacterial membrane analysis, functionalization, and therapy. A lipid-based approach to effectively modify DNA molecules onto various types of bacterial membranes after simple incubation.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Yousef Bagheri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Puspam Keshri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Rigumula Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Kewei Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Qikun Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Mingxu You
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Capo A, Natalello A, Marienhagen J, Pennacchio A, Camarca A, Di Giovanni S, Staiano M, D'Auria S, Varriale A. Structural features of the glutamate-binding protein from Corynebacterium glutamicum. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:903-912. [PMID: 32593757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
L-glutamate (Glu) is the major excitatory transmitter in mammalian brain. Inadequate concentration of Glu in the brain correlates to mood disorder. In industry, Glu is used as a flavour enhancer in food and in foodstuff processing. A high concentration of Glu has several effects on human health such as hypersensitive effects, headache and stomach pain. The presence of Glu in food can be detected by different analytical methods based on chromatography, or capillary electrophoresis or amperometric techniques. We have isolated and characterized a glutamate-binding protein (GluB) from the Gram-positive bacteria Corynebacterium glutamicum. Together with GluC protein, GluD protein and the cytoplasmic protein GluA, GluB permits the transport of Glu in/out of cell. In this study, we have investigated the binding features of GluB as well as the effect of temperature on its structure both in the absence and in the presence of Glu. The results have showed that GluB has a high affinity and selectivity versus Glu (nanomolar range) and the presence of the ligand induces a higher thermal stability of the protein structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Capo
- Institute of Food Science CNR, via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Antonino Natalello
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Jan Marienhagen
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 3, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Maria Staiano
- Institute of Food Science CNR, via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Sabato D'Auria
- Institute of Food Science CNR, via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy.
| | - Antonio Varriale
- Institute of Food Science CNR, via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhu L, Mack C, Wirtz A, Kranz A, Polen T, Baumgart M, Bott M. Regulation of γ-Aminobutyrate (GABA) Utilization in Corynebacterium glutamicum by the PucR-Type Transcriptional Regulator GabR and by Alternative Nitrogen and Carbon Sources. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:544045. [PMID: 33193127 PMCID: PMC7652997 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.544045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid mainly formed by decarboxylation of L-glutamate and is widespread in nature from microorganisms to plants and animals. In this study, we analyzed the regulation of GABA utilization by the Gram-positive soil bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum, which serves as model organism of the phylum Actinobacteria. We show that GABA usage is subject to both specific and global regulatory mechanisms. Transcriptomics revealed that the gabTDP genes encoding GABA transaminase, succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, and GABA permease, respectively, were highly induced in GABA-grown cells compared to glucose-grown cells. Expression of the gabTDP genes was dependent on GABA and the PucR-type transcriptional regulator GabR, which is encoded divergently to gabT. A ΔgabR mutant failed to grow with GABA, but not with glucose. Growth of the mutant on GABA was restored by plasmid-based expression of gabR or of gabTDP, indicating that no further genes are specifically required for GABA utilization. Purified GabR (calculated mass 55.75 kDa) formed an octamer with an apparent mass of 420 kDa and bound to two inverted repeats in the gabR-gabT intergenic region. Glucose, gluconate, and myo-inositol caused reduced expression of gabTDP, presumably via the cAMP-dependent global regulator GlxR, for which a binding site is present downstream of the gabT transcriptional start site. C. glutamicum was able to grow with GABA as sole carbon and nitrogen source. Ammonium and, to a lesser extent, urea inhibited growth on GABA, whereas L-glutamine stimulated it. Possible mechanisms for these effects are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Meike Baumgart
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael Bott
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vitamin Biosynthesis by Human Gut Butyrate-Producing Bacteria and Cross-Feeding in Synthetic Microbial Communities. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.00886-20. [PMID: 32665271 PMCID: PMC7360928 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00886-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the requirement of 15 human butyrate-producing gut bacterial strains for eight B vitamins and the proteinogenic amino acids by a combination of genome sequence analysis and in vitro growth experiments. The Ruminococcaceae species Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Subdoligranulum variabile were auxotrophic for most of the vitamins and the amino acid tryptophan. Within the Lachnospiraceae, most species were prototrophic for all amino acids and several vitamins, but biotin auxotrophy was widespread. In addition, most of the strains belonging to Eubacterium rectale and Roseburia spp., but few of the other Lachnospiraceae strains, were auxotrophic for thiamine and folate. Synthetic coculture experiments of five thiamine or folate auxotrophic strains with different prototrophic bacteria in the absence and presence of different vitamin concentrations were carried out. This demonstrated that cross-feeding between bacteria does take place and revealed differences in cross-feeding efficiency between prototrophic strains. Vitamin-independent growth stimulation in coculture compared to monococulture was also observed, in particular for F. prausnitzii A2-165, suggesting that it benefits from the provision of other growth factors from community members. The presence of multiple vitamin auxotrophies in the most abundant butyrate-producing Firmicutes species found in the healthy human colon indicates that these bacteria depend upon vitamins supplied from the diet or via cross-feeding from other members of the microbial community.IMPORTANCE Microbes in the intestinal tract have a strong influence on human health. Their fermentation of dietary nondigestible carbohydrates leads to the formation of health-promoting short-chain fatty acids, including butyrate, which is the main fuel for the colonic wall and has anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. A good understanding of the growth requirements of butyrate-producing bacteria is important for the development of efficient strategies to promote these microbes in the gut, especially in cases where their abundance is altered. The demonstration of the inability of several dominant butyrate producers to grow in the absence of certain vitamins confirms the results of previous in silico analyses. Furthermore, establishing that strains prototrophic for thiamine or folate (butyrate producers and non-butyrate producers) were able to stimulate growth and affect the composition of auxotrophic synthetic communities suggests that the provision of prototrophic bacteria that are efficient cross feeders may stimulate butyrate-producing bacteria under certain in vivo conditions.
Collapse
|
14
|
Hasegawa S, Jojima T, Suda M, Inui M. Isobutanol production in Corynebacterium glutamicum: Suppressed succinate by-production by pckA inactivation and enhanced productivity via the Entner–Doudoroff pathway. Metab Eng 2020; 59:24-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
15
|
Krumbach K, Sonntag CK, Eggeling L, Marienhagen J. CRISPR/Cas12a Mediated Genome Editing To Introduce Amino Acid Substitutions into the Mechanosensitive Channel MscCG of Corynebacterium glutamicum. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:2726-2734. [PMID: 31790583 PMCID: PMC6994057 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Against the background of a growing demand for the implementation
of environmentally friendly production processes, microorganisms are
engineered for the large-scale biosynthesis of chemicals, fuels, or
food and feed additives from sustainable resources. Since strain development
is expensive and time-consuming, continuous improvement of molecular
tools for the genetic modification of the microbial production hosts
is absolutely vital. Recently, the CRISPR/Cas12a technology for the
engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum as an important
platform organism for industrial amino acid production has been introduced.
Here, this system was advanced by designing an easy-to-construct crRNA
delivery vector using simple oligonucleotides. In combination with
a C. glutamicum strain engineered for the chromosomal
expression of the β-galactosidase-encoding lacZ gene, this new plasmid was used to investigate CRISPR/Cas12a targeting
and editing at various positions relative to the PAM site. Finally,
we used this system to perform codon saturation mutagenesis at critical
positions in the mechanosensitive channel MscCG to identify new gain-of-function
mutations for increased l-glutamate export. The mutations
obtained can be explained by particular demands of the channel on
its immediate lipid environment to allow l-glutamate efflux.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Krumbach
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Lothar Eggeling
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jan Marienhagen
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 3, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zheng X, Cui Y, Li T, Li R, Guo L, Li D, Wu B. Biochemical and structural characterization of a highly active branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase from Pseudomonas sp. for efficient biosynthesis of chiral amino acids. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:8051-8062. [PMID: 31485690 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Aminotransferases (ATs) are important biocatalysts for the synthesis of chiral amines because of their capability of introducing amino group into ketones or keto acids as well as their high enantioselectivity, high regioselectivity. Among all ATs, branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase (BCAT) can use branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) as substrate, including L-valine, L-leucine, and L-isoleucine, with α-ketoglutarate to form the corresponding α-keto acids and L-glutamate. Alternatively, BCATs have been used for the biosynthesis of unnatural amino acids, such as L-tert-leucine and L-norvaline. In the present study, the BCAT from Pseudomonas sp. (PsBCAT) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli for biochemical and structural analyses. The optimal reaction temperature and pH of PsBCAT were 40 °C and 8.5, respectively. PsBCAT exhibited a comparatively broader substrate spectrum and showed remarkably high activity with bulked aliphatic L-amino acids (kcat up to 220 s-1). Additionally, PsBCAT had activities with aromatic L-amino acids, L-histidine, L-lysine, and L-threonine. This substrate promiscuity is unique for the BCAT family and could prove useful in industrial applications. To analyze the catalytic mechanism of PsBCAT with the broad substrate spectrum, the crystal structure of PsBCAT was also determined. Based on the determined crystal structure, we found some differences in the organization of the substrate binding cavity, which may influence the substrate specificity of the enzyme. Finally, conjugated with the ornithine aminotransferase (OrnAT) to shift the reaction equilibrium towards the product formation, the coupled system was applied to the asymmetric synthesis of L-tert-leucine and L-norvaline. In summary, the structural and functional characteristics of PsBCAT were analyzed in detail, and this information will be conducive to industrial production of enantiopure chiral amino acids by aminotransferase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zheng
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830046, People's Republic of China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinglu Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Defeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Bian Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Piao X, Wang L, Lin B, Chen H, Liu W, Tao Y. Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for production of L-aspartate and its derivative β-alanine with high stoichiometric yield. Metab Eng 2019; 54:244-254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
18
|
Kallscheuer N, Menezes R, Foito A, da Silva MH, Braga A, Dekker W, Sevillano DM, Rosado-Ramos R, Jardim C, Oliveira J, Ferreira P, Rocha I, Silva AR, Sousa M, Allwood JW, Bott M, Faria N, Stewart D, Ottens M, Naesby M, Nunes Dos Santos C, Marienhagen J. Identification and Microbial Production of the Raspberry Phenol Salidroside that Is Active against Huntington's Disease. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 179:969-985. [PMID: 30397021 PMCID: PMC6393794 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Edible berries are considered to be among nature's treasure chests as they contain a large number of (poly)phenols with potentially health-promoting properties. However, as berries contain complex (poly)phenol mixtures, it is challenging to associate any interesting pharmacological activity with a single compound. Thus, identification of pharmacologically interesting phenols requires systematic analyses of berry extracts. Here, raspberry (Rubus idaeus, var Prestige) extracts were systematically analyzed to identify bioactive compounds against pathological processes of neurodegenerative diseases. Berry extracts were tested on different Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains expressing disease proteins associated with Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, or Huntington's disease, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. After identifying bioactivity against Huntington's disease, the extract was fractionated and the obtained fractions were tested in the yeast model, which revealed that salidroside, a glycosylated phenol, displayed significant bioactivity. Subsequently, a metabolic route to salidroside was reconstructed in S cerevisiae and Corynebacterium glutamicum The best-performing S cerevisiae strain was capable of producing 2.1 mm (640 mg L-1) salidroside from Glc in shake flasks, whereas an engineered C glutamicum strain could efficiently convert the precursor tyrosol to salidroside, accumulating up to 32 mm (9,700 mg L-1) salidroside in bioreactor cultivations (yield: 0.81 mol mol-1). Targeted yeast assays verified that salidroside produced by both organisms has the same positive effects as salidroside of natural origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Kallscheuer
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften (IBG-1: Biotechnologie), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Regina Menezes
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Foito
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, DD2 5DA Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | - Adelaide Braga
- Biotempo, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | | | - David Méndez Sevillano
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Rita Rosado-Ramos
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Carolina Jardim
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Joana Oliveira
- Biotempo, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Ferreira
- Biotempo, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Isabel Rocha
- Biotempo, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Silva
- Biotempo, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Márcio Sousa
- Biotempo, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - J William Allwood
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, DD2 5DA Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Bott
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften (IBG-1: Biotechnologie), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich D-52425, Germany
| | - Nuno Faria
- Biotempo, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Derek Stewart
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, DD2 5DA Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel Ottens
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cláudia Nunes Dos Santos
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Jan Marienhagen
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften (IBG-1: Biotechnologie), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich D-52425, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cong X, Li X, Li S. Crystal structure of the aromatic-amino-acid aminotransferase from Streptococcus mutans. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2019; 75:141-146. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x18018472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans, a facultatively aerobic and Gram-positive bacterium, is the primary causative agent of dental caries and contributes to the multispecies biofilm known as dental plaque. In this study, the aromatic-amino-acid aminotransferase fromStreptococcus mutans(SmAroAT) was recombinantly expressed inEscherichia coli. An effective purification protocol was established. The recombinant protein was crystallized using the hanging-drop vapor-diffusion method with PEG 3350 as the primary precipitant. The crystal structure ofSmAroAT was solved at 2.2 Å resolution by the molecular-replacement method. Structural analysis indicated that the proteins of the aromatic-amino-acid aminotransferase family have conserved structural elements that might play a role in substrate binding. These results may help in obtaining a better understanding of the catabolism and biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids.
Collapse
|
20
|
Mohammadi Nargesi B, Sprenger GA, Youn JW. Metabolic Engineering of Escherichia coli for para-Amino-Phenylethanol and para-Amino-Phenylacetic Acid Biosynthesis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 6:201. [PMID: 30662895 PMCID: PMC6328984 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatic amines are an important class of chemicals which are used as building blocks for the synthesis of polymers and pharmaceuticals. In this study we establish a de novo pathway for the biosynthesis of the aromatic amines para-amino-phenylethanol (PAPE) and para-amino-phenylacetic acid (4-APA) in Escherichia coli. We combined a synthetic para-amino-l-phenylalanine pathway with the fungal Ehrlich pathway. Therefore, we overexpressed the heterologous genes encoding 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate synthase (pabAB from Corynebacterium glutamicum), 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate mutase and 4-amino-4-deoxyprephenate dehydrogenase (papB and papC from Streptomyces venezuelae) and ThDP-dependent keto-acid decarboxylase (aro10 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in E. coli. The resulting para-amino-phenylacetaldehyde either was reduced to PAPE or oxidized to 4-APA. The wild type strain E. coli LJ110 with a plasmid carrying these four genes produced (in shake flask cultures) 11 ± 1.5 mg l−1 of PAPE from glucose (4.5 g l−1). By the additional cloning and expression of feaB (phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase from E. coli) 36 ± 5 mg l−1 of 4-APA were obtained from 4.5 g l−1 glucose. Competing reactions, such as the genes for aminotransferases (aspC and tyrB) or for biosynthesis of L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine (pheA, tyrA) and for the regulator TyrR were removed. Additionally, the E. coli genes aroFBL were cloned and expressed from a second plasmid. The best producer strains of E. coli showed improved formation of PAPE and 4-APA, respectively. Plasmid-borne expression of an aldehyde reductase (yahK from E. coli) gave best values for PAPE production, whereas feaB-overexpression led to best values for 4-APA. In fed-batch cultivation, the best producer strains achieved 2.5 ± 0.15 g l−1 of PAPE from glucose (11% C mol mol-1 glucose) and 3.4 ± 0.3 g l−1 of 4-APA (17% C mol mol−1 glucose), respectively which are the highest values for recombinant strains reported so far.
Collapse
|
21
|
One-step process for production of N-methylated amino acids from sugars and methylamine using recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum as biocatalyst. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12895. [PMID: 30150644 PMCID: PMC6110843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31309-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
N-methylated amino acids are found in Nature in various biological compounds. N-methylation of amino acids has been shown to improve pharmacokinetic properties of peptide drugs due to conformational changes, improved proteolytic stability and/or higher lipophilicity. Due to these characteristics N-methylated amino acids received increasing interest by the pharmaceutical industry. Syntheses of N-methylated amino acids by chemical and biocatalytic approaches are known, but often show incomplete stereoselectivity, low yields or expensive co-factor regeneration. So far a one-step fermentative process from sugars has not yet been described. Here, a one-step conversion of sugars and methylamine to the N-methylated amino acid N-methyl-l-alanine was developed. A whole-cell biocatalyst was derived from a pyruvate overproducing C. glutamicum strain by heterologous expression of the N-methyl-l-amino acid dehydrogenase gene from Pseudomonas putida. As proof-of-concept, N-methyl-l-alanine titers of 31.7 g L−1 with a yield of 0.71 g per g glucose were achieved in fed-batch cultivation. The C. glutamicum strain producing this imine reductase enzyme was engineered further to extend this green chemistry route to production of N-methyl-l-alanine from alternative feed stocks such as starch or the lignocellulosic sugars xylose and arabinose.
Collapse
|
22
|
Sharma A, Sharma D, Verma SK. In silico Study of Iron, Zinc and Copper Binding Proteins of Pseudomonas syringae pv. lapsa: Emphasis on Secreted Metalloproteins. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1838. [PMID: 30186242 PMCID: PMC6110883 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytopathogenic bacteria, Pseudomonas syringae pv. lapsa (P. syringae pv. lapsa) infects the staple food crop wheat. Metalloproteins play important roles in plant-pathogen interactions. Hence, the present work is aimed to predict and analyze the iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) binding proteins of P. syringae pv. lapsa which help in its growth, adaptation, survival and pathogenicity. A total of 232 Fe, 307 Zn, and 38 Cu-binding proteins have been identified. The functional annotation, subcellular localization and gene ontology enriched network analysis revealed their role in wide range of biological activities of the phytopathogen. Among the identified metalloproteins, a total of 29 Fe-binding, 31 Zn-binding, and 5 Cu-binding proteins were found to be secreted in nature. These putative secreted metalloproteins may perform diverse cellular and biological functions ranging from transport, response to oxidative stress, proteolysis, antimicrobial resistance, metabolic processes, protein folding and DNA repair. The observations obtained here may provide initial information required to draft new schemes to control microbial infections of staple food crops and will further help in developing sustainable agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Sharma
- Centre for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, India
| | - Dixit Sharma
- Centre for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, India
| | - Shailender K Verma
- Centre for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Feng LY, Xu JZ, Zhang WG. Improved l-Leucine Production in Corynebacterium glutamicum by Optimizing the Aminotransferases. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092102. [PMID: 30134636 PMCID: PMC6225143 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) is still challenging, therefore we rationally engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum FA-1 to increase the l-leucine production by optimizing the aminotransferases. Based on this, we investigated the effects of the native aminotransferases, i.e., branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase (BCAT; encoded by ilvE) and aspartate aminotransferase (AspB; encoded by aspB) on l-leucine production in C. glutamicum. The strain FA-1△ilvE still exhibited significant growth without leucine addition, while FA-1△ilvE△aspB couldn't, which indicated that AspB also contributes to L-leucine synthesis in vivo and the yield of leucine reached 20.81 ± 0.02 g/L. It is the first time that AspB has been characterized for l-leucine synthesis activity. Subsequently, the aromatic aminotransferase TyrB and the putative aspartate aminotransferases, the aspC, yhdR, ywfG gene products, were cloned, expressed and characterized for leucine synthesis activity in FA-1△ilvE△aspB. Only TyrB was able to synthesize l-leucine and the l-leucine production was 18.55 ± 0.42 g/L. The two putative branched-chain aminotransferase genes, ybgE and CaIlvE, were also cloned and expressed. Both genes products function efficiently in BCAAs biosynthesis. This is the first report of a rational modification of aminotransferase activity that improves the l-leucine production through optimizing the aminotransferases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yan Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Jian-Zhong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Wei-Guo Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lange J, Münch E, Müller J, Busche T, Kalinowski J, Takors R, Blombach B. Deciphering the Adaptation of Corynebacterium glutamicum in Transition from Aerobiosis via Microaerobiosis to Anaerobiosis. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E297. [PMID: 29899275 PMCID: PMC6027265 DOI: 10.3390/genes9060297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Zero-growth processes are a promising strategy for the production of reduced molecules and depict a steady transition from aerobic to anaerobic conditions. To investigate the adaptation of Corynebacterium glutamicum to altering oxygen availabilities, we conceived a triple-phase fermentation process that describes a gradual reduction of dissolved oxygen with a shift from aerobiosis via microaerobiosis to anaerobiosis. The distinct process phases were clearly bordered by the bacteria’s physiologic response such as reduced growth rate, biomass substrate yield and altered yield of fermentation products. During the process, sequential samples were drawn at six points and analyzed via RNA-sequencing, for metabolite concentrations and for enzyme activities. We found transcriptional alterations of almost 50% (1421 genes) of the entire protein coding genes and observed an upregulation of fermentative pathways, a rearrangement of respiration, and mitigation of the basic cellular mechanisms such as transcription, translation and replication as a transient response related to the installed oxygen dependent process phases. To investigate the regulatory regime, 18 transcriptionally altered (putative) transcriptional regulators were deleted, but none of the deletion strains showed noticeable growth kinetics under an oxygen restricted environment. However, the described transcriptional adaptation of C. glutamicum resolved to varying oxygen availabilities provides a useful basis for future process and strain engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Lange
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Eugenia Münch
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Jan Müller
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Tobias Busche
- Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
- Institute for Biology-Microbiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 12-16, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jörn Kalinowski
- Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Ralf Takors
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Bastian Blombach
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang X, Zhang H, Quinn PJ. Production of l-valine from metabolically engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:4319-4330. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8952-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
26
|
Farnberger JE, Lorenz E, Richter N, Wendisch VF, Kroutil W. In vivo plug-and-play: a modular multi-enzyme single-cell catalyst for the asymmetric amination of ketoacids and ketones. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:132. [PMID: 28754115 PMCID: PMC5534079 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0750-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transaminases have become a key tool in biocatalysis to introduce the amine functionality into a range of molecules like prochiral α-ketoacids and ketones. However, due to the necessity of shifting the equilibrium towards the product side (depending on the amine donor) an efficient amination system may require three enzymes. So far, this well-established transformation has mainly been performed in vitro by assembling all biocatalysts individually, which comes along with elaborate and costly preparation steps. We present the design and characterization of a flexible approach enabling a quick set-up of single-cell biocatalysts producing the desired enzymes. By choosing an appropriate co-expression strategy, a modular system was obtained, allowing for flexible plug-and-play combination of enzymes chosen from the toolbox of available transaminases and/or recycling enzymes tailored for the desired application. Results By using a two-plasmid strategy for the recycling enzyme and the transaminase together with chromosomal integration of an amino acid dehydrogenase, two enzyme modules could individually be selected and combined with specifically tailored E. coli strains. Various plug-and-play combinations of the enzymes led to the construction of a series of single-cell catalysts suitable for the amination of various types of substrates. On the one hand the fermentative amination of α-ketoacids coupled both with metabolic and non-metabolic cofactor regeneration was studied, giving access to the corresponding α-amino acids in up to 96% conversion. On the other hand, biocatalysts were employed in a non-metabolic, “in vitro-type” asymmetric reductive amination of the prochiral ketone 4-phenyl-2-butanone, yielding the amine in good conversion (77%) and excellent stereoselectivity (ee = 98%). Conclusions The described modularized concept enables the construction of tailored single-cell catalysts which provide all required enzymes for asymmetric reductive amination in a flexible fashion, representing a more efficient approach for the production of chiral amines and amino acids. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-017-0750-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith E Farnberger
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, ACIB GmbH, c/o University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Lorenz
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology & CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Nina Richter
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, ACIB GmbH, c/o University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Volker F Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology & CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, ACIB GmbH, c/o University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010, Graz, Austria. .,Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Huang Q, Liang L, Wu W, Wu S, Huang J. Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum to enhance L-leucine production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5897/ajb2017.15911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
28
|
Andreeßen C, Gerlt V, Steinbüchel A. Conversion of cysteine to 3‐mercaptopyruvic acid by bacterial aminotransferases. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 99:38-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
29
|
Production of 2-methyl-1-butanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol in engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum. Metab Eng 2016; 38:436-445. [PMID: 27746323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The pentanol isomers 2-methyl-1-butanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol represent commercially interesting alcohols due to their potential application as biofuels. For a sustainable microbial production of these compounds, Corynebacterium glutamicum was engineered for producing 2-methyl-1-butanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol via the Ehrlich pathway from 2-keto-3-methylvalerate and 2-ketoisocaproate, respectively. In addition to an already available 2-ketoisocaproate producer, a 2-keto-3-methylvalerate accumulating C. glutamicum strain was also constructed. For this purpose, we reduced the activity of the branched-chain amino acid transaminase in an available C. glutamicuml-isoleucine producer (K2P55) via a start codon exchange in the ilvE gene enabling accumulation of up to 3.67g/l 2-keto-3-methylvalerate. Subsequently, nine strains expressing different gene combinations for three 2-keto acid decarboxylases and three alcohol dehydrogenases were constructed and characterized. The best strains accumulated 0.37g/l 2-methyl-1-butanol and 2.76g/l 3-methyl-1-butanol in defined medium within 48h under oxygen deprivation conditions, making these strains ideal candidates for additional strain and process optimization.
Collapse
|
30
|
Jensen JVK, Eberhardt D, Wendisch VF. Modular pathway engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for production of the glutamate-derived compounds ornithine, proline, putrescine, citrulline, and arginine. J Biotechnol 2015; 214:85-94. [PMID: 26393954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The glutamate-derived bioproducts ornithine, citrulline, proline, putrescine, and arginine have applications in the food and feed, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. Corynebacterium glutamicum is not only an excellent producer of glutamate but also of glutamate-derived products. Here, engineering targets beneficial for ornithine production were identified and the advantage of rationally constructing a platform strain for the production of the amino acids citrulline, proline, and arginine, and the diamine putrescine was demonstrated. Feedback alleviation of N-acetylglutamate kinase, tuning of the promoter of glutamate dehydrogenase gene gdh, lowering expression of phosphoglucoisomerase gene pgi, along with the introduction of a second copy of the arginine biosynthesis operon argCJB(A49V,M54V)D into the chromosome resulted in a C. glutamicum strain producing ornithine with a yield of 0.52 g ornithine per g glucose, an increase of 71% as compared to the parental ΔargFRG strain. Strains capable of producing 0.41 g citrulline per g glucose, 0.29 g proline per g glucose, 0.30 g arginine per g glucose, and 0.17 g putrescine per g glucose were derived from the ornithine-producing platform strain by plasmid-based overexpression of appropriate pathway modules with one to three genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaide V K Jensen
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology & CeBiTec, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Dorit Eberhardt
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology & CeBiTec, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Volker F Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology & CeBiTec, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang D, Guan D, Liang J, Guo C, Xie X, Zhang C, Xu Q, Chen N. Reducing lactate secretion by ldhA Deletion in L-glutamate- producing strain Corynebacterium glutamicum GDK-9. Braz J Microbiol 2015; 45:1477-83. [PMID: 25763057 PMCID: PMC4323326 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000400044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
L-lactate is one of main byproducts excreted in to the fermentation medium. To improve L-glutamate production and reduce L-lactate accumulation, L-lactate dehydrogenase-encoding gene ldhA was knocked out from L-glutamate producing strain Corynebacterium glutamicum GDK-9, designated GDK-9ΔldhA. GDK-9ΔldhA produced approximately 10.1% more L-glutamate than the GDK-9, and yielded lower levels of such by-products as α-ketoglutarate, L-lactate and L-alanine. Since dissolved oxygen (DO) is one of main factors affecting L-lactate formation during L-glutamate fermentation, we investigated the effect of ldhA deletion from GDK-9 under different DO conditions. Under both oxygen-deficient and high oxygen conditions, L-glutamate production by GDK-9ΔldhA was not higher than that of the GDK-9. However, under micro-aerobic conditions, GDK-9ΔldhA exhibited 11.61% higher L-glutamate and 58.50% lower L-alanine production than GDK-9. Taken together, it is demonstrated that deletion of ldhA can enhance L-glutamate production and lower the unwanted by-products concentration, especially under micro-aerobic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalong Zhang
- College of Biotechnology Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin P.R. China College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China. ; Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology Education Ministry Tianjin P.R. China Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Education Ministry, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Dan Guan
- China Biothech Fermentation Industry Association Beijing P.R. China China Biothech Fermentation Industry Association, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jingbo Liang
- College of Biotechnology Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin P.R. China College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China. ; Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology Education Ministry Tianjin P.R. China Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Education Ministry, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Chunqian Guo
- College of Biotechnology Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin P.R. China College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China. ; Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology Education Ministry Tianjin P.R. China Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Education Ministry, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xixian Xie
- College of Biotechnology Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin P.R. China College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China. ; Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology Education Ministry Tianjin P.R. China Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Education Ministry, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Chenglin Zhang
- College of Biotechnology Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin P.R. China College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China. ; Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology Education Ministry Tianjin P.R. China Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Education Ministry, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Qingyang Xu
- College of Biotechnology Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin P.R. China College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China. ; Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology Education Ministry Tianjin P.R. China Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Education Ministry, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Ning Chen
- College of Biotechnology Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin P.R. China College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China. ; Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology Education Ministry Tianjin P.R. China Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Education Ministry, Tianjin, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kim DJ, Hwang GH, Um JN, Cho JY. Increased L-Ornithine Production in Corynebacterium glutamicum by Overexpression of a Gene Encoding a Putative Aminotransferase. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 25:45-50. [DOI: 10.1159/000375124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the NCgl0462 open reading frame, encoding a class II aminotransferase, was studied in conjunction with other enzymes in <smlcap>L</smlcap>-ornithine biosynthesis in an <smlcap>L</smlcap>-ornithine-producing strain. Expression of the wild-type NCgl0462 open reading frame, which displayed aminotransferase activity, was amplified by placing it under the control of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene promoter in the pEK0 plasmid and in the genome. <smlcap>L</smlcap>-Ornithine production in <i>Corynebacterium</i><i>glutamicum</i> SJC8260 harboring plasmid and the genomic NCgl0462 open reading frame was increased by 8.8 and 21.6%, respectively. In addition, the combined overexpression of the NCgl0462 open reading frame within the genome along with the mutated <smlcap>L</smlcap>-ornithine biosynthesis genes <i>(argCJBD)</i> placed in the pEK0 plasmid in <i>C</i>. <i>glutamicum</i> SJC8260 resulted in significant improvement in <smlcap>L</smlcap>-ornithine production (12.48 g/l for combined overexpression compared with 8.42 g/l for the control). These results suggest that overexpression of the aminotransferase-encoding NCgl0462 open reading frame plays an unequivocal role in the <smlcap>L</smlcap>-ornithine biosynthetic pathway, with overlapping substrate specificity in <i>C</i>. <i>glutamicum</i>.
Collapse
|
33
|
Vogt M, Haas S, Polen T, van Ooyen J, Bott M. Production of 2-ketoisocaproate with Corynebacterium glutamicum strains devoid of plasmids and heterologous genes. Microb Biotechnol 2014; 8:351-60. [PMID: 25488800 PMCID: PMC4353348 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Ketoisocaproate (KIC), the last intermediate in l-leucine biosynthesis, has various medical and industrial applications. After deletion of the ilvE gene for transaminase B in l-leucine production strains of Corynebacterium glutamicum, KIC became the major product, however, the strains were auxotrophic for l-isoleucine. To avoid auxotrophy, reduction of IlvE activity by exchanging the ATG start codon of ilvE by GTG was tested instead of an ilvE deletion. The resulting strains were indeed able to grow in glucose minimal medium without amino acid supplementation, but at the cost of lowered growth rates and KIC production parameters. The best production performance was obtained with strain MV-KICF1, which carried besides the ilvE start codon exchange three copies of a gene for a feedback-resistant 2-isopropylmalate synthase, one copy of a gene for a feedback-resistant acetohydroxyacid synthase and deletions of ltbR and iolR encoding transcriptional regulators. In the presence of 1 mM l-isoleucine, MV-KICF1 accumulated 47 mM KIC (6.1 g l−1) with a yield of 0.20 mol/mol glucose and a volumetric productivity of 1.41 mmol KIC l−1 h−1. Since MV-KICF1 is plasmid free and lacks heterologous genes, it is an interesting strain for industrial application and as platform for the production of KIC-derived compounds, such as 3-methyl-1-butanol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Vogt
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
L-Serine overproduction with minimization of by-product synthesis by engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:1665-73. [PMID: 25434811 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The direct fermentative production of L-serine by Corynebacterium glutamicum from sugars is attractive. However, superfluous by-product accumulation and low L-serine productivity limit its industrial production on large scale. This study aimed to investigate metabolic and bioprocess engineering strategies towards eliminating by-products as well as increasing L-serine productivity. Deletion of alaT and avtA encoding the transaminases and introduction of an attenuated mutant of acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) increased both L-serine production level (26.23 g/L) and its productivity (0.27 g/L/h). Compared to the parent strain, the by-products L-alanine and L-valine accumulation in the resulting strain were reduced by 87 % (from 9.80 to 1.23 g/L) and 60 % (from 6.54 to 2.63 g/L), respectively. The modification decreased the metabolic flow towards the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and induced to shift it towards L-serine production. Meanwhile, it was found that corn steep liquor (CSL) could stimulate cell growth and increase sucrose consumption rate as well as L-serine productivity. With addition of 2 g/L CSL, the resulting strain showed a significant improvement in the sucrose consumption rate (72 %) and the L-serine productivity (67 %). In fed-batch fermentation, 42.62 g/L of L-serine accumulation was achieved with a productivity of 0.44 g/L/h and yield of 0.21 g/g sucrose, which was the highest production of L-serine from sugars to date. The results demonstrated that combined metabolic and bioprocess engineering strategies could minimize by-product accumulation and improve L-serine productivity.
Collapse
|
35
|
Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for the synthesis of the plant polyphenol pinosylvin. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 81:840-9. [PMID: 25398870 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02966-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant polyphenols are of great interest for drug discovery and drug development since many of these compounds have health-promoting activities as treatments against various diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, or heart diseases. However, the limited availability of polyphenols represents a major obstacle to clinical applications that must be overcome. In comparison to the quantities of these compounds obtained by isolation from natural sources or costly chemical synthesis, the microbial production of these compounds could provide sufficient quantities from inexpensive substrates. In this work, we describe the development of an Escherichia coli platform strain for the production of pinosylvin, a stilbene found in the heartwood of pine trees which could aid in the treatment of various cancers and cardiovascular diseases. Initially, several configurations of the three-step biosynthetic pathway to pinosylvin were constructed from a set of two different enzymes for each enzymatic step. After optimization of gene expression and evaluation of different construct environments, low pinosylvin concentrations up to 3 mg/liter could be detected. Analysis of the precursor supply and a comparative analysis of the intracellular pools of pathway intermediates and product identified the limited malonyl coenzyme A (malonyl-CoA) availability and low stilbene synthase activity in the heterologous host to be the main bottlenecks during pinosylvin production. Addition of cerulenin for increasing intracellular malonyl-CoA pools and the in vivo evolution of the stilbene synthase from Pinus strobus for improved activity in E. coli proved to be the keys to elevated product titers. These measures allowed product titers of 70 mg/liter pinosylvin from glucose, which could be further increased to 91 mg/liter by the addition of l-phenylalanine.
Collapse
|
36
|
Isolation of a Mutant Auxotrophic forL-Alanine and Identification of Three Major Aminotransferases That SynthesizeL-Alanine inEscherichia coli. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 75:930-8. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.100905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
37
|
Application of metabolic engineering for the biotechnological production of l-valine. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:5859-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5782-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
38
|
Vogt M, Haas S, Klaffl S, Polen T, Eggeling L, van Ooyen J, Bott M. Pushing product formation to its limit: Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for l-leucine overproduction. Metab Eng 2014; 22:40-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
39
|
Santana MM, Gonzalez JM, Clara MI. Inferring pathways leading to organic-sulfur mineralization in the Bacillales. Crit Rev Microbiol 2014; 42:31-45. [PMID: 24506486 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2013.877869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Microbial organic sulfur mineralization to sulfate in terrestrial systems is poorly understood. The process is often missing in published sulfur cycle models. Studies on microbial sulfur cycling have been mostly centered on transformations of inorganic sulfur, mainly on sulfate-reducing and inorganic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. Nevertheless, organic sulfur constitutes most sulfur in soils. Recent reports demonstrate that the mobilization of organic-bound-sulfur as sulfate in terrestrial environments occurs preferentially under high temperatures and thermophilic Firmicutes bacteria play a major role in the process, carrying out dissimilative organic-sulfur oxidation. So far, the determinant metabolic reactions of such activity have not been evaluated. Here, in silico analysis was performed on the genomes of sulfate-producing thermophilic genera and mesophilic low-sulfate producers, revealing that highest sulfate production is related to the simultaneous presence of metabolic pathways leading to sulfite synthesis, similar to the ones found in mammalian cells. Those pathways include reverse transsulfuration reactions (tightly associated with methionine cycling), and the presence of aspartate aminotransferases (ATs) with the potential of 3-sulfinoalanine AT and cysteine AT activity, which ultimately leads to sulfite production. Sulfite is oxidized to sulfate by sulfite oxidase, this enzyme is determinant in sulfate synthesis, and it is absent in many mesophiles.
Collapse
|
40
|
Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for 2-ketoisocaproate production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:297-311. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5310-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
41
|
Enhanced production of α-ketoglutarate by fed-batch culture in the metabolically engineered strains of Corynebacterium glutamicum. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-013-0106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
42
|
Wegmann U, Louis P, Goesmann A, Henrissat B, Duncan SH, Flint HJ. Complete genome of a new Firmicutes species belonging to the dominant human colonic microbiota ('Ruminococcus bicirculans') reveals two chromosomes and a selective capacity to utilize plant glucans. Environ Microbiol 2013; 16:2879-90. [PMID: 23919528 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The recently isolated bacterial strain 80/3 represents one of the most abundant 16S rRNA phylotypes detected in the healthy human large intestine and belongs to the Ruminococcaceae family of Firmicutes. The completed genome sequence reported here is the first for a member of this important family of bacteria from the human colon. The genome comprises two large chromosomes of 2.24 and 0.73 Mbp, leading us to propose the name Ruminococcus bicirculans for this new species. Analysis of the carbohydrate active enzyme complement suggests an ability to utilize certain hemicelluloses, especially β-glucans and xyloglucan, for growth that was confirmed experimentally. The enzymatic machinery enabling the degradation of cellulose and xylan by related cellulolytic ruminococci is however lacking in this species. While the genome indicated the capacity to synthesize purines, pyrimidines and all 20 amino acids, only genes for the synthesis of nicotinate, NAD+, NADP+ and coenzyme A were detected among the essential vitamins and co-factors, resulting in multiple growth requirements. In vivo, these growth factors must be supplied from the diet, host or other gut microorganisms. Other features of ecological interest include two type IV pilins, multiple extracytoplasmic function-sigma factors, a urease and a bile salt hydrolase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Udo Wegmann
- Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Platform engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum with reduced pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity for improved production of L-lysine, L-valine, and 2-ketoisovalerate. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:5566-75. [PMID: 23835179 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01741-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exchange of the native Corynebacterium glutamicum promoter of the aceE gene, encoding the E1p subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC), with mutated dapA promoter variants led to a series of C. glutamicum strains with gradually reduced growth rates and PDHC activities. Upon overexpression of the l-valine biosynthetic genes ilvBNCE, all strains produced l-valine. Among these strains, C. glutamicum aceE A16 (pJC4 ilvBNCE) showed the highest biomass and product yields, and thus it was further improved by additional deletion of the pqo and ppc genes, encoding pyruvate:quinone oxidoreductase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, respectively. In fed-batch fermentations at high cell densities, C. glutamicum aceE A16 Δpqo Δppc (pJC4 ilvBNCE) produced up to 738 mM (i.e., 86.5 g/liter) l-valine with an overall yield (YP/S) of 0.36 mol per mol of glucose and a volumetric productivity (QP) of 13.6 mM per h [1.6 g/(liter × h)]. Additional inactivation of the transaminase B gene (ilvE) and overexpression of ilvBNCD instead of ilvBNCE transformed the l-valine-producing strain into a 2-ketoisovalerate producer, excreting up to 303 mM (35 g/liter) 2-ketoisovalerate with a YP/S of 0.24 mol per mol of glucose and a QP of 6.9 mM per h [0.8 g/(liter × h)]. The replacement of the aceE promoter by the dapA-A16 promoter in the two C. glutamicum l-lysine producers DM1800 and DM1933 improved the production by 100% and 44%, respectively. These results demonstrate that C. glutamicum strains with reduced PDHC activity are an excellent platform for the production of pyruvate-derived products.
Collapse
|
44
|
Lorenz E, Klatte S, Wendisch VF. Reductive amination by recombinant Escherichia coli: whole cell biotransformation of 2-keto-3-methylvalerate to L-isoleucine. J Biotechnol 2013; 168:289-94. [PMID: 23831557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A whole cell biotransformation system for reductive amination has been studied in recombinant Escherichia coli cells. Reductive amination of 2-keto-3-methylvalerate to L-isoleucine by a two-enzyme-cascade was achieved by overproduction of endogenous L-alanine dependent transaminase AvtA and heterologous L-alanine dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis in recombinant E. coli. Up to 100 mM L-isoleucine were produced from 100 mM 2-keto-3-methylvalerate and 100 mM ammonium sulfate. Regeneration of NADH as cofactor in the whole cell system was driven by glucose catabolism. The effects of defined gene deletions in the central carbon metabolism on biotransformation were tested. Strains lacking the NuoG subunit of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) or aceA encoding the glyoxylate cycle enzyme isocitrate lyase exhibited increased biotransformation rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Lorenz
- Chair of Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology & CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kulis-Horn RK, Persicke M, Kalinowski J. Histidine biosynthesis, its regulation and biotechnological application in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Microb Biotechnol 2013; 7:5-25. [PMID: 23617600 PMCID: PMC3896937 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
l-Histidine biosynthesis is an ancient metabolic pathway present in bacteria, archaea, lower eukaryotes, and plants. For decades l-histidine biosynthesis has been studied mainly in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, revealing fundamental regulatory processes in bacteria. Furthermore, in the last 15 years this pathway has been also investigated intensively in the industrial amino acid-producing bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum, revealing similarities to E. coli and S. typhimurium, as well as differences. This review summarizes the current knowledge of l-histidine biosynthesis in C. glutamicum. The genes involved and corresponding enzymes are described, in particular focusing on the imidazoleglycerol-phosphate synthase (HisFH) and the histidinol-phosphate phosphatase (HisN). The transcriptional organization of his genes in C. glutamicum is also reported, including the four histidine operons and their promoters. Knowledge of transcriptional regulation during stringent response and by histidine itself is summarized and a translational regulation mechanism is discussed, as well as clues about a histidine transport system. Finally, we discuss the potential of using this knowledge to create or improve C. glutamicum strains for the industrial l-histidine production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert K Kulis-Horn
- Centrum für Biotechnologie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 27, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Melkonyan LH, Avetisova GY, Hambardzumyan AA, Chakhalyan AK, Saghyan AS. Study of regulation of some key enzymes of L-alanine biosynthesis by Brevibacterium Flavum producer strains. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683813020087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
47
|
Phosphotransferase system-mediated glucose uptake is repressed in phosphoglucoisomerase-deficient Corynebacterium glutamicum strains. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:2588-95. [PMID: 23396334 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03231-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum is particularly known for its industrial application in the production of amino acids. Amino acid overproduction comes along with a high NADPH demand, which is covered mainly by the oxidative part of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). In previous studies, the complete redirection of the carbon flux toward the PPP by chromosomal inactivation of the pgi gene, encoding the phosphoglucoisomerase, has been applied for the improvement of C. glutamicum amino acid production strains, but this was accompanied by severe negative effects on the growth characteristics. To investigate these effects in a genetically defined background, we deleted the pgi gene in the type strain C. glutamicum ATCC 13032. The resulting strain, C. glutamicum Δpgi, lacked detectable phosphoglucoisomerase activity and grew poorly with glucose as the sole substrate. Apart from the already reported inhibition of the PPP by NADPH accumulation, we detected a drastic reduction of the phosphotransferase system (PTS)-mediated glucose uptake in C. glutamicum Δpgi. Furthermore, Northern blot analyses revealed that expression of ptsG, which encodes the glucose-specific EII permease of the PTS, was abolished in this mutant. Applying our findings, we optimized l-lysine production in the model strain C. glutamicum DM1729 by deletion of pgi and overexpression of plasmid-encoded ptsG. l-Lysine yields and productivity with C. glutamicum Δpgi(pBB1-ptsG) were significantly higher than those with C. glutamicum Δpgi(pBB1). These results show that ptsG overexpression is required to overcome the repressed activity of PTS-mediated glucose uptake in pgi-deficient C. glutamicum strains, thus enabling efficient as well as fast l-lysine production.
Collapse
|
48
|
Hasegawa S, Suda M, Uematsu K, Natsuma Y, Hiraga K, Jojima T, Inui M, Yukawa H. Engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for high-yield L-valine production under oxygen deprivation conditions. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013. [PMID: 23241971 DOI: 10.1128/aεm.02806-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated efficient L-valine production by metabolically engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum under oxygen deprivation. To achieve the high productivity, a NADH/NADPH cofactor imbalance during the synthesis of l-valine was overcome by engineering NAD-preferring mutant acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase (AHAIR) and using NAD-specific leucine dehydrogenase from Lysinibacillus sphaericus. Lactate as a by-product was largely eliminated by disrupting the lactate dehydrogenase gene ldhA. Nonetheless, a few other by-products, particularly succinate, were still produced and acted to suppress the L-valine yield. Eliminating these by-products therefore was deemed key to improving theL-valine yield. By additionally disrupting the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene ppc, succinate production was effectively suppressed, but both glucose consumption and L-valine production dropped considerably due to the severely elevated intracellular NADH/NAD(+) ratio. In contrast, this perturbed intracellular redox state was more than compensated for by deletion of three genes associated with NADH-producing acetate synthesis and overexpression of five glycolytic genes, including gapA, encoding NADH-inhibited glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Inserting feedback-resistant mutant acetohydroxy acid synthase and NAD-preferring mutant AHAIR in the chromosome resulted in higher L-valine yield and productivity. Deleting the alanine transaminase gene avtA suppressed alanine production. The resultant strain produced 1,280 mM L-valine at a yield of 88% mol mol of glucose(-1) after 24 h under oxygen deprivation, a vastly improved yield over our previous best.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hasegawa
- Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth, Kizugawadai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for high-yield L-valine production under oxygen deprivation conditions. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 79:1250-7. [PMID: 23241971 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02806-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated efficient L-valine production by metabolically engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum under oxygen deprivation. To achieve the high productivity, a NADH/NADPH cofactor imbalance during the synthesis of l-valine was overcome by engineering NAD-preferring mutant acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase (AHAIR) and using NAD-specific leucine dehydrogenase from Lysinibacillus sphaericus. Lactate as a by-product was largely eliminated by disrupting the lactate dehydrogenase gene ldhA. Nonetheless, a few other by-products, particularly succinate, were still produced and acted to suppress the L-valine yield. Eliminating these by-products therefore was deemed key to improving theL-valine yield. By additionally disrupting the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene ppc, succinate production was effectively suppressed, but both glucose consumption and L-valine production dropped considerably due to the severely elevated intracellular NADH/NAD(+) ratio. In contrast, this perturbed intracellular redox state was more than compensated for by deletion of three genes associated with NADH-producing acetate synthesis and overexpression of five glycolytic genes, including gapA, encoding NADH-inhibited glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Inserting feedback-resistant mutant acetohydroxy acid synthase and NAD-preferring mutant AHAIR in the chromosome resulted in higher L-valine yield and productivity. Deleting the alanine transaminase gene avtA suppressed alanine production. The resultant strain produced 1,280 mM L-valine at a yield of 88% mol mol of glucose(-1) after 24 h under oxygen deprivation, a vastly improved yield over our previous best.
Collapse
|
50
|
Witthoff S, Eggeling L, Bott M, Polen T. Corynebacterium glutamicum harbours a molybdenum cofactor-dependent formate dehydrogenase which alleviates growth inhibition in the presence of formate. Microbiology (Reading) 2012; 158:2428-2439. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.059196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Witthoff
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften, IBG-1: Biotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Lothar Eggeling
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften, IBG-1: Biotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael Bott
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften, IBG-1: Biotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Tino Polen
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften, IBG-1: Biotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|