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Garelli S, Dalla Costa M, Sabbadin C, Barollo S, Rubin B, Scarpa R, Masiero S, Fierabracci A, Bizzarri C, Crinò A, Cappa M, Valenzise M, Meloni A, De Bellis AM, Giordano C, Presotto F, Perniola R, Capalbo D, Salerno MC, Stigliano A, Radetti G, Camozzi V, Greggio NA, Bogazzi F, Chiodini I, Pagotto U, Black SK, Chen S, Rees Smith B, Furmaniak J, Weber G, Pigliaru F, De Sanctis L, Scaroni C, Betterle C. Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1: an Italian survey on 158 patients. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:2493-2510. [PMID: 34003463 PMCID: PMC8502131 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01585-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome type 1 (APS-1) is a rare recessive inherited disease, caused by AutoImmune Regulator (AIRE) gene mutations and characterized by three major manifestations: chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC), chronic hypoparathyroidism (CH) and Addison's disease (AD). METHODS Autoimmune conditions and associated autoantibodies (Abs) were analyzed in 158 Italian patients (103 females and 55 males; F/M 1.9/1) at the onset and during a follow-up of 23.7 ± 15.1 years. AIRE mutations were determined. RESULTS The prevalence of APS-1 was 2.6 cases/million (range 0.5-17 in different regions). At the onset 93% of patients presented with one or more components of the classical triad and 7% with other components. At the end of follow-up, 86.1% had CH, 77.2% AD, 74.7% CMC, 49.5% premature menopause, 29.7% autoimmune intestinal dysfunction, 27.8% autoimmune thyroid diseases, 25.9% autoimmune gastritis/pernicious anemia, 25.3% ectodermal dystrophy, 24% alopecia, 21.5% autoimmune hepatitis, 17% vitiligo, 13.3% cholelithiasis, 5.7% connective diseases, 4.4% asplenia, 2.5% celiac disease and 13.9% cancer. Overall, 991 diseases (6.3 diseases/patient) were found. Interferon-ω Abs (IFNωAbs) were positive in 91.1% of patients. Overall mortality was 14.6%. The AIRE mutation R139X was found in 21.3% of tested alleles, R257X in 11.8%, W78R in 11.4%, C322fsX372 in 8.8%, T16M in 6.2%, R203X in 4%, and A21V in 2.9%. Less frequent mutations were present in 12.9%, very rare in 9.6% while no mutations in 11% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS In Italy, APS-1 is a rare disorder presenting with the three major manifestations and associated with different AIRE gene mutations. IFNωAbs are markers of APS-1 and other organ-specific autoantibodies are markers of clinical, subclinical or potential autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Garelli
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Via Ospedale Civile 105, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Ospedale dell'Angelo, Mestre-Venice, Italy
| | - M Dalla Costa
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Via Ospedale Civile 105, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Ospedale di Feltre, Belluno, Italy
| | - C Sabbadin
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Via Ospedale Civile 105, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - S Barollo
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Via Ospedale Civile 105, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - B Rubin
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Via Ospedale Civile 105, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - R Scarpa
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Via Ospedale Civile 105, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - S Masiero
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Via Ospedale Civile 105, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - A Fierabracci
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - C Bizzarri
- Endocrine Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - A Crinò
- Endocrine Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - M Cappa
- Endocrine Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - M Valenzise
- Unit of Pediatrics, Department of Adulthood and Childhood Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - A Meloni
- Ospedale Microcitemico and Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - A M De Bellis
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - C Giordano
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Biomedical Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), Palermo University, Palermo, Italy
| | - F Presotto
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Ospedale dell'Angelo, Mestre-Venice, Italy
| | - R Perniola
- Department of Pediatrics, Regional Hospital Vito Fazzi, Lecce, Italy
| | - D Capalbo
- Department of Mother and Child, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - M C Salerno
- Pediatric Section, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - A Stigliano
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G Radetti
- Marienklinik, General Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
| | - V Camozzi
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Via Ospedale Civile 105, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - N A Greggio
- EU-Endo-ERN Advisory Board Member, National Coordinator Endo-ERN Pediatric (SIEDP), Padua, Italy
| | - F Bogazzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - I Chiodini
- Unit of Bone Metabolism Diseases and Diabetes, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - U Pagotto
- Unit of Endocrinology and Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - S K Black
- FIRS Laboratories RSR Ltd, Cardiff, UK
| | - S Chen
- FIRS Laboratories RSR Ltd, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | - G Weber
- Unit of Pediatrics, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - F Pigliaru
- Endocrine Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - L De Sanctis
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - C Scaroni
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Via Ospedale Civile 105, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - C Betterle
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Via Ospedale Civile 105, 35128, Padua, Italy.
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Pathogenicity and Virulence of Trueperella pyogenes: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112737. [PMID: 31167367 PMCID: PMC6600626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria from the species Trueperella pyogenes are a part of the biota of skin and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory, gastrointestinal, or urogenital tracts of animals, but also, opportunistic pathogens. T. pyogenes causes a variety of purulent infections, such as metritis, mastitis, pneumonia, and abscesses, which, in livestock breeding, generate significant economic losses. Although this species has been known for a long time, many questions concerning the mechanisms of infection pathogenesis, as well as reservoirs and routes of transmission of bacteria, remain poorly understood. Pyolysin is a major known virulence factor of T. pyogenes that belongs to the family of cholesterol-dependent cytolysins. Its cytolytic activity is associated with transmembrane pore formation. Other putative virulence factors, including neuraminidases, extracellular matrix-binding proteins, fimbriae, and biofilm formation ability, contribute to the adhesion and colonization of the host tissues. However, data about the pathogen–host interactions that may be involved in the development of T. pyogenes infection are still limited. The aim of this review is to present the current knowledge about the pathogenic potential and virulence of T. pyogenes.
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WAHYUNI WT, IVANDINI TA, JIWANTI PK, SAEPUDIN E, GUNLAZUARDI J, EINAGA Y. Electrochemical Behavior of Zanamivir at Gold-Modified Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes for an Application in Neuraminidase Sensing. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.83.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wulan Tri WAHYUNI
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Indonesia
| | - Tribidasari A. IVANDINI
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Indonesia
| | - Prastika K. JIWANTI
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Indonesia
| | - Endang SAEPUDIN
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Indonesia
| | - Jarnuzi GUNLAZUARDI
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Indonesia
| | - Yasuaki EINAGA
- JST-CREST/ACCEL
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
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Gruteser N, Marin K, Krämer R, Thomas GH. Sialic acid utilization by the soil bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2012; 336:131-8. [PMID: 22924979 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2012.02663.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to use the sialic acid, N-acetylneuraminic acid, Neu5Ac, as a nutrient has been characterized in a number of bacteria, most of which are human pathogens that encounter this molecule because of its presence on mucosal surfaces. The soil bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum also has a full complement of genes for sialic acid catabolism, and we demonstrate that it can use Neu5Ac as a sole source of carbon and energy and isolate mutants with a much reduced growth lag on Neu5Ac. Disruption of the cg2937 gene, encoding a component of a predicted sialic acid-specific ABC transporter, results in a complete loss of growth of C. glutamicum on Neu5Ac and also a complete loss of [(14)C]-Neu5Ac uptake into cells. Uptake of [(14)C]-Neu5Ac is induced by pregrowth on Neu5Ac, but the additional presence of glucose prevents this induction. The demonstration that a member of the Actinobacteria can transport and catabolize Neu5Ac efficiently suggests that sialic acid metabolism has a physiological role in the soil environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Gruteser
- Department of Biology (Area 10), University of York, York, UK
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Kim S, Oh DB, Kwon O, Kang HA. Identification and functional characterization of the NanH extracellular sialidase from Corynebacterium diphtheriae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 147:523-33. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvp198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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6
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Ghazaei C, Ahmadi M, Hosseini Jazani N. Optimization and comparative characterization of neuraminidase activities from Pseudomonas aeruginosa with Klebsiella pneumoniae, Hep-2 cell, sheep kidney and rat liver lysosome. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2010; 2:30-7. [PMID: 22347548 PMCID: PMC3279765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The properties of neuraminidase produced by P. aeruginosa strain PAO1 during growth in a defined medium (BHI) was examined and compared with some neuraminidase features of K. pneumoniae in this investigation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The enzyme was isolated from concentrated culture supernatants of P. aeruginosa which was used in a sensitive fluorometric assay by using 2'-(4-methylumbelliferyl) α-D-N acetylneuraminic acid as substrate. RESULTS Neuraminidase production in P. aeruginosa PAO1 paralleled bacterial growth in defined medium (BHI) and was maximal in the late logarithmic phase of growth but decreased during the stationary phase, probably owing to protease production or thermal instability. Highest production of P. aeruginosa PAO1 neuraminidase was in BHI culture media. The neuraminidase of P. aeruginosa PAO1 possessed an optimum temperature of activity at 56°C and the activity was maximal at pH 5. Heating the enzyme to 56°C for 45 min., in the presence of bovine serum albumin destroyed 33.1% of it's activity and addition of Ca(+2), EDTA and NANA also decreased activity markedly. CONCLUSION The results revealed that the highest specific activity is for p. aeruginosa PAO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ghazaei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran,Corresponding author: Ciamak Ghazaei Ph.D. Address: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Urmia Urmia, Iran, P.O. Box 57153-1177. Tel: +98-441-2770508. Fax: +98-441-2771926. E-mail:
| | - M Ahmadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran
| | - N Hosseini Jazani
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Christensen JP, Bisgaard M. Avian pasteurellosis: Taxonomy of the organisms involved and aspects of pathogenesis. Avian Pathol 2007; 26:461-83. [DOI: 10.1080/03079459708419228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Nakano V, Fontes Piazza RM, Avila-Campos MJ. A rapid assay of the sialidase activity in species of the Bacteroides fragilis group by using peanut lectin hemagglutination. Anaerobe 2006; 12:238-41. [PMID: 17011805 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2006.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2006] [Accepted: 07/24/2006] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel, simple and rapid hemagglutination assay by using a peanut lectin to detect a neuraminidase activity in strains of the Bacteroides fragilis group was developed. One hundred and fourteen species of the B. fragilis group isolated from children with and without diarrhea and 15 reference strains were evaluated. Neuraminidase production was determined by using the method above described and its inhibition was observed by using galactose. The neuraminidase production was observed in 54 (84.37%) diarrhea and in 43 (86%) non-diarrhea strains. HA titers were ranged from 2 to 32. This neuraminidase assays based on PNA hemagglutination is highly sensitive, reproducible and could be used as a tool to detect the sialidase activity in anaerobic bacteria, particularly, in species of the B. fragilis group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Nakano
- Laboratório de Anaeróbios, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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9
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Hansmeier N, Chao TC, Kalinowski J, Pühler A, Tauch A. Mapping and comprehensive analysis of the extracellular and cell surface proteome of the human pathogen Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Proteomics 2006; 6:2465-76. [PMID: 16544277 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200500360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Secreted proteins of the human pathogen Corynebacterium diphtheriae might be involved in important pathogen-host cell interactions. Here, we present the first systematic reference map of the extracellular and cell surface proteome fractions of the type strain C. diphtheriae C7s(-)tox-. The analysis window of 2-DE covered the pI range from 3 to 10 along with a MW range from 8 to 150 kDa. Computational analysis of the 2-D gels detected almost 150 protein spots in the extracellular proteome fraction and about 80 protein spots of the cell surface proteome. MALDI-TOF-MS and PMF with trypsin unambiguously identified 107 extracellular protein spots and 53 protein spots of the cell surface, representing in total 85 different proteins of C. diphtheriae C7s(-)tox-. Several of the identified proteins are encoded by pathogenicity islands and might represent virulence factors of C. diphtheriae. Additionally, four solute-binding proteins (HmuT, Irp6A, CiuA, and FrgD) of different iron ABC transporters were identified, with the hitherto uncharacterized FrgD protein being the most abundant one of the cell surface proteome of C. diphtheriae C7s(-)tox-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Hansmeier
- Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Fakultät für Biologie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse, Bielefeld, Germany
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10
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Sheu SY, Tseng HJ, Huang SP, Chien CH. Cloning, expression, and deletion analysis of large nanH of Clostridium perfringens ATCC 10543. Enzyme Microb Technol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(02)00177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Mattos-Guaraldi AL, Duarte Formiga LC, Pereira GA. Cell surface components and adhesion in Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Microbes Infect 2000; 2:1507-12. [PMID: 11099937 DOI: 10.1016/s1286-4579(00)01305-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Main primary approaches and new developments in the study of the molecular basis of the adhesive process of Corynebacterium diphtheriae are reviewed along with a discussion of the potential importance of hemagglutinins, exposed sugar residues, hydrophobins and trans-sialidase enzymes as adhesins of strains of the sucrose fermenting and non-fermenting biotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Mattos-Guaraldi
- Disciplina de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, UERJ, Av. 28 de Setembro 87, 3 degrees andar - fundos, Vila Isabel, CEP 20551-030, RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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12
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Mattos-Guaraldi AL, Formiga LC, Andrade AF. Trans-sialidase activity for sialic acid incorporation on Corynebacterium diphtheriae. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1998; 168:167-72. [PMID: 9835025 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb13269.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive assay for neuraminidase using peanut lectin hemagglutination was used to study the prevalence of neuraminidase activity among sucrose-fermenting and non-sucrose-fermenting toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains. Neuraminidase activity was found in 15 (100%) isolates regardless of biotype, hemagglutinating activity and site of isolation of bacteria. Besides expressing the neuraminidase activity that hydrolyzes sialic acid from glycoconjugates, C. diphtheriae was also capable of transferring sialic acid residues from a sialyl-lactose donor. A single molecule probably expresses both neuraminidase and trans-sialidase activity. The trans-sialidase activity was documented by observations of the interactions of bacterial cells with wheat germ agglutinin and peanut lectins. C. diphtheriae expressed a trans-sialidase activity located on the cell surface that produced asialoglycoconjugates from a sialyl donor substrate and at the same time generated bacterial sialyl derivatives of beta-Gal acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Mattos-Guaraldi
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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13
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Simple two-step procedure for purification of cloned small sialidase from unclarified E. coli feedstocks. Enzyme Microb Technol 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(98)00032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Chien CH, Huang YC, Chen HY. Small neuraminidase gene of Clostridium perfringens ATCC 10543: cloning, nucleotide sequence, and production. Enzyme Microb Technol 1997; 20:277-85. [PMID: 9115702 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(96)00129-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The small nanH gene encoding a neuraminidase from Clostridium perfringens ATCC 10543 was cloned in JM109 using pUC19 as a vector. Sequence analysis revealed an ORF, nt 310-1455, encoding 382 amino acids that was proceeded by a typical Shine-Dalgarno sequence, GGACGAGA. The nt sequence in the 15-402 region had in vivo promoter activity in an Escherichia coli promoter probe plasmid pKK232-8, which suggested that the small nanH promoter is functional in E. coli. Four regions of amino acids demonstrated great similarity to the "Asp boxes" (-Ser-X-Asp-X-Gly-X-Thr-Trp-) of other bacterial nanH proteins. The small nanH expressing clone, pCPN-1, which was cultured under aerobic conditions resulted in NanH activity which was 203-fold in culture and 211-fold in intracellular fraction compared to that of C. perfringens which has to be cultured under anaerobic conditions. Production of small NanH was also induced by adding sialyllactose to the culture medium of JM109 [pCPN-1]. The enzyme activity could be detected in the periplasmic fraction and the culture medium of JM109 [pCPN-1] after culturing to the stationary phase. The molecular weight, K(m), and optimum pH and pI of the cloned enzyme are identical to those of the parent strain. The cloned, small nanH could be used to study the structure-functional relationship of nanH, while the pCPN-1 clone could be used in the aerobic production of neuraminidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Chien
- Institute of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, National Yang-Ming University, Shih-Pai, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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Chien CH, Shann YJ, Sheu SY. Site-directed mutations of the catalytic and conserved amino acids of the neuraminidase gene, nanH, of Clostridium perfringens ATCC 10543. Enzyme Microb Technol 1996; 19:267-76. [PMID: 8987487 DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(95)00245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The small nanH gene encoding the neuraminidase from Clostridium perfringens ATCC 10543 was cloned in JM109 using pUC19 as a vector. Sequence analysis revealed an ORF encoding 382 amino acids without a signal peptide sequence. Four regions of amino-acid sequence, 71-82, 140-151, 208-219, and 255-266 constituted four repeated and conserved sequence motifs-Ser-X-Asp-X-Gly-X-Thr-Trp-, the "Asp boxes." When compared, the nanH polypeptides of C. perfringens ATCC 10543 and Salmonella typhimurium LT12 shared 33% sequence identity and 60% similarity if conservative replacements were included. The homology-modeled structure of C. perfringens NanH showed the same folding topology as the x-ray three-dimensional structure of NanH in S. typhimurium LT12. Amino acid residues Arg37, Arg56, Asp62, His63, Asp100, Glu230, Asp247, Tyr347, and Glu362 located around the pocket of modeled C. perfringens small nanH were superimposed with the active-site pocket of S. typhimurium LT12, nanH. The catalytic amino-acid residues as well as the role of the "Asp boxes" have not been characterized for C. perfringens and S. typhimurium. In this study, Asp100, Glu230, and Asp62 were found to be involved in the catalytic activity of C. perfringens small nanH with immunoreactive properties and site-directed mutagenesis analysis. Four "Asp-box" motifs were found remote from the active-site pocket. Mutational and immunoreactive analysis of the highly conserved amino acids located in the "Asp boxes" suggest that these highly conserved residues are important in maintaining the tertiary structure of NanH. The results of this study provide some knowledge for the design of new inhibitors of small neuraminidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Chien
- Institute of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Straus DC, Jolley WL, Purdy CW. Characterization of neuraminidases produced by various serotypes of Pasteurella multocida. Infect Immun 1996; 64:1446-9. [PMID: 8606116 PMCID: PMC173941 DOI: 10.1128/iai.64.4.1446-1449.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuraminidases produced by 16 strains of Pasteurella multocida (serotypes 1 to 16) were characterized by molecular weight, substrate specificity, and antigenic identity. After growth in a chemically defined medium, stage I (lyophilized) culture supernatants were assayed for activity with N-acetylneuramin lactose, human alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, fetuin, colominic acid, and bovine submaxillary mucin. Neuraminidase produced by P. multocida A:3 was purified by a combination of salt fractionation, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel, and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. Purified P. multocida A:3 neuraminidase was employed to immunize rabbits, and the resulting antiserum reduced the activity of the P. multocida A:3 enzyme by 40.3%. This antiserum also reduced the activities of the neuraminidases produced by other serotypes by between 30.8 and 59.6%. Molecular weight estimates of the neuraminidases produced by the various serotypes were obtained by gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-200. Each of the 16 serotypes examined produced a neuraminidase with a molecular weight of approximately 500,000. In addition, all 16 high-molecular-weight neuraminidases showed similar substrate specificities. On the basis of these data, it appears that the high-molecular-weight neuraminidases produced by different P. multocida serotypes are quite similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Straus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA
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Straus DC, Purdy CW. In vivo production of neuraminidase by Pasteurella haemolytica A1 in goats after transthoracic challenge. Infect Immun 1994; 62:4675-8. [PMID: 7927740 PMCID: PMC303165 DOI: 10.1128/iai.62.10.4675-4678.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nine goats were injected transthoracically with Pasteurella haemolytica A1 to determine if an extracellular bacterial enzyme, neuraminidase, was produced in vivo during infection with this organism. The principal group of goats (n = 9) each received 1 ml of 7.25 x 10(5) live P. haemolytica A1 cells in polyacrylate beads transthoracically in the left lung on days 0 and 21. Six goats were used as negative controls and received 0.3 g of polyacrylate beads subcutaneously in the right flank on days 0 and 21. Serum was obtained from all animals on days -4, 3, 7, 14, 21, 24, and 32. Preimmune serum from all animals showed no detectable antibody to P. haemolytica A1 neuraminidase in an enzyme neutralization assay. None of the sera from the negative control animals possessed a significant antibody concentration in response to the P. haemolytica A1 neuraminidase. On day 32, serum samples from the nine infected animals possessed enzyme neutralizing activity that ranged from 62% to 100%. Anti-neuraminidase antibody could be detected as early as day 14 by the enzyme neutralization assay. These data demonstrate that the enzyme neuraminidase is produced in vivo during an active P. haemolytica A1 lobar infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Straus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock 79430
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18
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Straus DC, Jolley WL, Purdy CW. Characterization of neuraminidases produced by various serotypes of Pasteurella haemolytica. Infect Immun 1993; 61:4669-74. [PMID: 8406865 PMCID: PMC281219 DOI: 10.1128/iai.61.11.4669-4674.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuraminidases produced by 16 strains of Pasteurella haemolytica (serotypes 1 to 16) were characterized by molecular weight, antigenic identity, and substrate specificity. After growth in a chemically defined medium, stage I (lyophilized) culture supernatants were assayed for activity with N-acetylneuramin lactose, human alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, fetuin, colominic acid, and bovine submaxillary mucin. Neuraminidase produced by P. haemolytica serotype A1 (Ph A1) was purified by a combination of salt fractionation, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel, and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. Purified Ph A1 neuraminidase was used to immunize rabbits, and the resultant antiserum reduced the activity of Ph A1 neuraminidase by 46%. This antiserum also reduced the activity of neuraminidase produced by the other serotypes by between 15 and 66%. Molecular weight estimates of the neuraminidases produced by the various serotypes were obtained by gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-200. Fifteen of the 16 serotypes examined produced a neuraminidase with a molecular weight of approximately 150,000 to 200,000. One serotype (serotype 11) produced no material with neuraminidase activity. In addition, all 15 high-molecular-weight neuraminidases showed similar substrate specificities. That is, they were all most active against N-acetylneuramin lactose and least active against bovine submaxillary mucin. On the basis of these results, it appears that the high-molecular-weight neuraminidases produced by the different P. haemolytica serotypes are quite similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Straus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock 79430
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Godoy VG, Dallas MM, Russo TA, Malamy MH. A role for Bacteroides fragilis neuraminidase in bacterial growth in two model systems. Infect Immun 1993; 61:4415-26. [PMID: 8406832 PMCID: PMC281174 DOI: 10.1128/iai.61.10.4415-4426.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Two Bacteroides fragilis neuraminidase-deficient mutants were used to study the role of neuraminidase activity in growth of B. fragilis in tissue culture monolayers (CHO cells) and in the in vivo rat granuloma pouch. The nanH structural gene for neuraminidase was cloned from B. fragilis TM4000 and was used to create two isogenic strains with chromosomal disruptions at the nanH gene. B. fragilis VRC404 contains an insertion flanked by disrupted copies of the nanH gene, and B. fragilis VRC426 contains a deletion of a significant portion of nanH coding sequences. The insertion mutant VRC404 is capable of reverting to nanH+. It grew as well as the wild type in CHO monolayers. However, between 48 and 72 h after infection, the bacterial population was enriched with nanH+ bacterial cells (10 to 20%). In the rat pouch 48 h after infection, more than 90% of the population sampled had become nanH+. The deletion mutant VRC426 showed a severe growth defect in the rat pouch model. In addition, VRC426 was efficiently outgrown by the wild type in competition experiments, even when the mutant was present at 10 times the number of wild-type cells at the time of infection. A common characteristic of both model systems is a drastic decrease in the free glucose concentration 16 to 24 h postinfection. We suggest that neuraminidase activity may be required for B. fragilis to grow to maximal levels in the tissue culture and rat pouch systems by making other carbon sources available after glucose levels are reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- V G Godoy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
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20
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Straus DC, Unbehagen PJ, Purdy CW. Neuraminidase production by a Pasteurella haemolytica A1 strain associated with bovine pneumonia. Infect Immun 1993; 61:253-9. [PMID: 8418046 PMCID: PMC302712 DOI: 10.1128/iai.61.1.253-259.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The properties of an extracellular neuroaminidase produced by a Pasteurella haemolytica A1 strain (isolated from a case of bovine pneumonia) during growth in a defined medium were examined in this investigation. This enzyme, isolated from concentrated culture supernatants of P. haemolytica A1, was active against N-acetylneuramin lactose, human alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, fetuin, and bovine submaxillary mucin. Neuraminidase production paralleled bacterial growth in a defined medium and was maximal in the stationary phase of growth. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity by a combination of salt fractionation, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel, and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. These procedures yielded an enzyme preparation that possessed a specific activity of 100.62 mumol of sialic acid released per min per mg of protein against human alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. The Km value for this enzyme with human alpha 1-acid glycoprotein as the substrate was 1.1 mg/ml, and the enzyme possessed a pH optimum of 6.5. The P. haemolytica A1 neuraminidase had a molecular weight of approximately 150,000 as estimated by gel filtration and approximately 170,000 when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme was stable at 4 degrees C for 3 h. At 37 degrees C for 3 h, 25% of enzymatic activity was lost. Approximately 55% of the enzyme activity was lost within 30 min at 50 degrees C, with greater than 70% of the enzyme activity being destroyed within 10 min at temperatures of > or = 65 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Straus
- Department of Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock 79430
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21
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Ifeanyi FI, Bailie WE. Passive protection of mice with antiserum to neuraminidase from Pasteurella multocida serotype A:3. Vet Res Commun 1992; 16:97-105. [PMID: 1496818 DOI: 10.1007/bf01839006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Antiserum to a partially purified neuraminidase from Pasteurella multocida, type A:3, was adsorbed with protease-digested P. multocida type 3 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to remove LPS immunoreactivity. The LPS-adsorbed antineuraminidase caused a 77% reduction in the neuraminidase activity of homologous P. multocida in an in vitro enzyme neutralization test. All 14 mice passively immunized with the adsorbed antineuraminidase were protected against challenge infection with homologous P. multocida in a mouse protection test. Ten out of 14 mice in one group that received antisera containing antibodies to both neuraminidase and LPS were protected. In contrast, only 1 out of 14 mice that were immunized with pre-immune serum survived the challenge. These results suggest that antiserum to P. multocida neuraminidase was, at least partly, responsible for the protection observed in this study. Neuraminidase may be one of the immunogenic protective proteins present in aqueous extracts of Pasteurella multocida.
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Affiliation(s)
- F I Ifeanyi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
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22
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Russo TA, Thompson JS, Godoy VG, Malamy MH. Cloning and expression of the Bacteroides fragilis TAL2480 neuraminidase gene, nanH, in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 1990; 172:2594-600. [PMID: 2158974 PMCID: PMC208902 DOI: 10.1128/jb.172.5.2594-2600.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We have cloned the Bacteroides fragilis TAL2480 neuraminidase (NANase) structural gene, nanH, in Escherichia coli. This was accomplished by using the cloning shuttle vector pJST61 and a partial Sau3A library of TAL2480 chromosomal inserts created in E. coli. The library was mobilized into the NANase-deficient B. fragilis TM4000 derivative TC2. NANase-producing colonies were enriched by taking advantage of the inability of TC2, but not the wild-type of NANase+ revertant, to grow in vitro in fluid aspirated from the rat granuloma pouch. Plasmids pJST61-TCN1 and pJST61-TCN3, containing inserts of 9.1 and 4.5 kilobases (kb), respectively, were found in the TC2 derivatives that grew in the rat pouch medium. In B. fragilis, NANase production from the two plasmids was inducible by free N-acetylneuraminic acid or sialic acid-containing substrates, just as in the parental TAL2480 strain. However, when these plasmids were transferred back to E. coli, NANase activity was barely detectable. A 3.5-kb portion of the insert in pJST61-TCN3 was subcloned in pJST61 to give plasmid pJST61-SC3C; NANase was produced from this plasmid both in E. coli and in B. fragilis. In E. coli, NANase expression was under the control of the vector promoter lambda pR and was therefore completely abolished by the presence of a lambda prophage. In B. fragilis, NANase production was inducible by free N-acetylneuraminic acid or sialic acid-containing substrates. By using deletion analysis and Tn1000 mutagenesis, the NANase structural gene and control region that functions in B. fragilis were localized to a 1.5- to 2.0-kb region of the insert. A partial nucleotide sequence of the NANase-deficient Tn1000 insertion mutants allowed us to identify the nanH gene and deduce the amino acid sequence of a portion of the NANase protein. We identified five regions showing great similarity to the Asp boxes, -Ser-X-Asp-X-Gly-X-Thr-Trp-, of other bacterial and viral NANase proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Russo
- Department of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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Schaufuss P, Lämmler C. Characterization of extracellular neuraminidase produced by Actinomyces pyogenes. ZENTRALBLATT FUR BAKTERIOLOGIE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 1989; 271:28-35. [PMID: 2765089 DOI: 10.1016/s0934-8840(89)80050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular neuraminidase from Actinomyces pyogenes could be isolated by ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography with DEAE cellulose and gel filtration on Ultrogel ACA 54. The purified enzyme had a molecular weight of approximately 50,000 Dalton, a pH optimum at pH 6.0, a temperature optimum at 55 degrees C and a Km value of 1.4 X 10(-4) mol/l with N-acetyl-neuraminlactose as substrate. Preparative isoelectric focussing of the culture supernatant revealed neuraminidase activity mainly at pH 6.5. The enzyme activity was not influenced by metalions or EDTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schaufuss
- Institut für Bakteriologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen
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Brown JG, Straus DC. Characterization of neuraminidases produced by various serotypes of group B streptococci. Infect Immun 1987; 55:1-6. [PMID: 3539798 PMCID: PMC260272 DOI: 10.1128/iai.55.1.1-6.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuraminidase produced by 11 strains of group B streptococci (GBS), from serotypes Ia, Ib, Ic, II, and III, were characterized according to molecular weight, antigenic identity, and substrate specificity. Following growth in a chemically defined medium, ammonium sulfate-concentrated culture supernatants were assayed for activity with bovine submaxillary mucin as substrate. Neuraminidase produced by GBS strain 122 (serotype III) was purified by a combination of salt fractionation, affinity chromatography with Affi-Gel Blue, ion-exchange chromatography with DEAE-cellulose, and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. Purified neuraminidase was used to immunize rabbits, and the resultant antiserum reduced the activity of purified neuraminidase from strain 122 by 87.7%. The antiserum also reduced the activity of neuraminidases produced by the other four serotypes by between 78.3 and 90%. Molecular weight estimates of the neuraminidases produced by the various serotypes were obtained by gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-200. The molecular weights obtained for the neuraminidases from the representative strains of each serotype ranged from 110,000 to 180,000. In addition, all of the GBS neuraminidases examined (regardless of the producing serotype) were active only on bovine submaxillary mucin. On the basis of these results, it appears that the neuraminidases produced by different GBS serotypes are quite similar.
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26
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Murray PA, Levine MJ, Tabak LA, Reddy MS. Neuraminidase activity: a biochemical marker to distinguish Streptococcus mitis from Streptococcus sanguis. J Dent Res 1984; 63:111-3. [PMID: 6582090 DOI: 10.1177/00220345840630020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Selected reference and freshly isolated strains of Streptococcus mitis (mitior) and Streptococcus sanguis were assayed for cell-associated neuraminidase activity by their ability to hydrolyze [3H-] sialyllactitol. A cell-associated neuraminidase was detected with S. mitis and S. sanguis serotype II (reclassified as S. mitis) but not with S. sanguis serotypes I and III. Neuraminidase activity of S. mitis correlated with this organism's inability to hydrolyze arginine, aesculin, and few, if any, sugars. The findings indicate that the presence of cell-associated neuraminidase activity is useful for the taxonomic classification of S. mitis.
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27
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Straus DC, Portnoy-Duran C. Neuraminidase production by a Streptococcus sanguis strain associated with subacute bacterial endocarditis. Infect Immun 1983; 41:507-15. [PMID: 6874067 PMCID: PMC264670 DOI: 10.1128/iai.41.2.507-515.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The properties of an extracellular neuraminidase produced by a Streptococcus sanguis strain (isolated from a confirmed case of subacute bacterial endocarditis) during growth in a defined medium was examined in this investigation. This enzyme, isolated from concentrated culture supernatants of S. sanguis biotype II, was active against human alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, N-acetylneuramin lactose, bovine submaxillary mucin, and fetuin. Neuraminidase production paralleled bacterial growth in defined medium and was maximal in the early stationary phase of growth but decreased dramatically, probably owing to protease production, during the late stationary phase. The enzyme was purified to near homogeneity by a combination of salt fractionation, ion-exchanged chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel, and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. These procedures yielded an enzyme preparation that possessed a specific activity of 174.4 mumol of sialic acid released per min per mg of protein against human alpha-1 acid glycoprotein. The Km value for this enzyme with human alpha-1 acid glycoprotein as substrate was 2.5 X 10(-3) M, and the enzyme possessed a pH optimum of 6.5. The S. sanguis neuraminidase had a molecular weight of approximately 85,000 as estimated by gel filtration and approximately 90,000 when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme was stable at temperatures of 4 and 37 degrees C for 3 h, but approximately 50% of the enzymatic activity was lost within 30 min at 50 degrees C, with 100% of the enzymatic activity being destroyed within 10 min at temperatures of greater than or equal to 65 degrees C.
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Abstract
A neuraminidase from Bacteroides fragilis was purified 542-fold by isoelectric focusing, adsorption chromatography on Affi-Gel 202, and gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-200. On isoelectric focusing the neuraminidase was resolved into three differently charged fractions with pI values of 6.8, 7.1, and 7.4. The major component of pI 7.1 was used for further purification. The purified enzyme had optimal activity at pH 6.4 with N-acetylneuraminlactose as the substrate. Its molecular weight, determined by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration chromatography, was 92,000. The neuraminidase hydrolyzed terminal neuraminic acid residues from N-acetylneuraminlactose, fetuin, bovine submaxillary mucin, and porcine stomach lining mucin. A new method for the detection of neuraminidase activity is described which is based on rocket affinoelectrophoresis. It utilizes the differences in the interaction of sialylated and desialylated mucin with Helix pomatia lectin, enzymatic activity being detected by formation of affinorockets after incubation of the neuraminidase with bovine submaxillary mucin.
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29
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Nonaka H, Ishikawa Y, Otsuka M, Toda K, Sato M, Nakamura R. Purification and some properties of neuraminidase isolated from the culture medium of oral bacterium Streptococcus mitis ATCC 9811. J Dent Res 1983; 62:792-7. [PMID: 6575018 DOI: 10.1177/00220345830620070301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuraminidase acting on the salivary bacterial agglutinating factor was isolated and purified from the culture medium of Streptococcus mitis ATCC 9811. The molecular weight and the isoelectric point of the enzyme were determined to be 42,000 and a pH of 4.6, respectively. The enzyme showed high activity against human glycoprotein substrates, especially the salivary bacterial agglutinating factor.
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30
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Vertiev YV, Ezepchuk YV. Purification and characterization of some enzymatic properties of neuraminidase from Corynebacterium ulcerans. HOPPE-SEYLER'S ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIOLOGISCHE CHEMIE 1981; 362:1339-44. [PMID: 6796488 DOI: 10.1515/bchm2.1981.362.2.1339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Neuraminidase of Corynebacterium-ulcerans was purified by affinity chromatography using immobilized colominic acid preparations. Neuraminidase appears to be a thermolabile protein, molecular mass 70 000 Da. The pH optimum of 5.5 is independent of the substrate used; the optimal temperature is 37 degrees C, the Michaelis constant towards N-acetylneuraminosyllactose is 5.2 X 10(-4) M. Ca2+ and Ba2+ activated the enzyme, but Zn2+, Fe2+, and chelating agent EDTA were inhibitory. In our experiments the enzyme did not hydrolyse the (alpha - 2.6) or (alpha - 2.8) bonds of submaxillary pig mucin and colominic acid, respectively, but it hydrolysed such substrates as fetuin, ovomucin, orosomucoid and horse serum glycoproteins.
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31
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Milligan TW, Mattingly SJ, Straus DC. Purification and partial characterization of neuraminidase from type III group B streptococci. J Bacteriol 1980; 144:164-71. [PMID: 6998945 PMCID: PMC294612 DOI: 10.1128/jb.144.1.164-171.1980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular neuraminidase from a type III fresh clinical isolate of a group B streptococcus was purified by a combination of salt fractionation, affinity chromatography of Affi-Gel blue, ion-exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethylcellulose, and gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200. These procedures yielded enzyme which was purified approximately 1,000-fold compared with the enzyme found in the original supernatant fluid. This type III streptococcal neuraminidase had a molecular weight of approximately 125,000 as estimated by filtration on Sephacryl S-200 and approximately 106,000 when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In contrast to the majority of other bacterial neuraminidases, the type III group B streptococcal enzyme had no effect on colominic acid or N-acetylneuramin-lactose; however, it was quite active on bovine submaxillary mucin.
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32
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Shizukuishi S, Nonaka H, Nagata K, Shibata S, Nakamura R, Tsunemitsu A. Hydrolysis of milk oligosaccharides by the oral bacterium Streptococcus sanguis atcc 10557. Arch Oral Biol 1980; 25:67-9. [PMID: 6931556 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(80)90157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Mekada E, Uchida T, Okada Y. Modification of the cell surface with neuraminidase increases the sensitivities of cells to diphtheria toxin and Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin. Exp Cell Res 1979; 123:137-46. [PMID: 114400 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(79)90430-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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34
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Shizukuishi S, Taniguchi T, Shibata S, Nakamura R, Tsunemitsu A, Uesugi Y. Purification and some properties of alpha-L-fucosidase isolated from Streptococcus sanguis. J Dent Res 1978; 57:1028-35. [PMID: 281337 DOI: 10.1177/00220345780570110501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
alpha-L-Fucosidase acting on naturally occurring substrates was highly purified from the growth culture of Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10557. The molecular weight of the enzyme was approximately 120,000 and the optimal pH was at 5.5. The purified enzyme showed specificity toward the linkage of alpha-(1 leads to 2) fucosides in oligosaccharides and glycoproteins. The enzyme released L-fucose from glycoprotein in human parotid saliva.
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35
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Wang P, Tanenbaum SW, Flashner M. Purification and properties of Arthrobacter neuraminidase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1978; 523:170-80. [PMID: 629985 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(78)90019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18) from an Arthrobacter species was purified homogeneity by conventional procedures (yield approx. 1 mg/1) and was judged to be homogeneous by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. Gel electrofocusing of neuraminidase revealed 1 major band (85-90%), pI 5.35 +/- 0.05, and 6 minor bands, whose pI ranged from 5.25 to 5.70, and each of which had catalytic activity. Arthrobacter neuraminidase is a monomeric glycoprotein of molecular weight 88 000, has an apparent Km of 7.8-10(-4) M for N-acetylneuraminlactose, is insensitive to inhibition by N-acetylneuraminic acid, and is about 2% carbohydrate by weight. The amino acid composition as well as the galactosamine and glucosamine content was determined. The enzyme can hydrolyze (alpha, 2-3), (alpha, 2-6), (alpha, 2-8) linkages. The active size of the enzyme appears to be inaccessible since no inhibition was observed by reagents known to modify sulfhydryl, lysyl, carboxyl, histidinyl, and argininyl residues. In contrast, N-bromosuccinimide at a 60-fold molar ratio to enzyme, gave complete inhibition. These results suggest that a tryptophan residue is essential for catalysis.
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36
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Ray PK. Bacterial neuraminidase and altered immunological behavior of treated mammalian cells. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 1977; 21:227-67. [PMID: 403747 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(08)70043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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37
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Uchida Y, Tsukada Y, Sugimori T. Production of microbial neuraminidases induced by colominic acid. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 350:425-31. [PMID: 4847570 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(74)90517-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Abstract
Whole saliva specimens from eight healthy human adults were examined for neuraminidase. The presence of two types of neuraminidase in four samples out of eight was demonstrated by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. One type is soluble and the other an insoluble, perhaps particle-bound, enzyme. The pH optima were 5.8 for the former and 5.0 to 5.3 for the latter. However, the soluble enzyme could not be detected in the other four saliva specimens which showed low activity. A comparative study of the salivary and other neuraminidases was carried out. It was found that both salivary neuraminidases were closely similar to the enzymes in submandibular-sublingual secretions and in human liver, but not to the oral streptococcal enzymes. The results suggest that the salivary neuraminidases might originate from cells such as epithelial cells or polymorphonuclear leukocytes, or both, in the oral cavity.
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39
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Müller HE. Occurrence of neuraminidase and acylneuraminate pyruvate lyase in a strain of vibrio falling into Heiberg's group II isolated from a patient with diarrhea. Infect Immun 1973; 8:430-3. [PMID: 4729932 PMCID: PMC422867 DOI: 10.1128/iai.8.3.430-433.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The enzymes neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18) and acylneuraminate pyruvate lyase (EC 4.1.3.3) were found in a strain of vibrio falling into Heiberg's group II isolated from a patient with diarrhea. The neuraminidase of this strain resembles the neuraminidase of Vibrio cholerae. The pH-optimum, activation by Ca-ions and heat inactivation were studied. There is also some indication of an immunologically common antigenicity. The occurrence of this neuraminidase in the Heiberg's group II vibrio stain is discussed especially with reference to the relationship with the well known enzyme of Vibrio cholerae.
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Ezepchuk YV, Vertiev YV, Kostyukova NN. The neuraminidase of corynebacterium diphtheriae as pathogenicity factor with spreading function. Bull Exp Biol Med 1973. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00805390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Arden SB, Chang WH, Barksdale L. Distribution of neuraminidase and n-acetylneuraminate lyase activities among corynebacteria, mycobacteria, and nocardias. J Bacteriol 1972; 112:1206-12. [PMID: 4629654 PMCID: PMC251550 DOI: 10.1128/jb.112.3.1206-1212.1972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In Corynebacterium diphtheriae and closely related neuraminidase-producing corynebacteria, we have found an N-acetylneuraminate (NAN) lyase activity which cleaves NAN into N-acetyl-d-mannosamine and, presumably, pyruvate. In vitro, these lyases can be shown to synthesize NAN. A survey of representative corynebacteria, "plant pathogenic corynebacteria," mycobacteria, and nocardias revealed that only those corynebacteria closely related to C. diphtheriae exhibited both neuraminidase and NAN lyase activities.
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Vertiev YV, Ezepchuk YV. Neuraminidase of Corynebacterium diphtheriae: isolation, purification and some characteristics. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1972; 17:269-73. [PMID: 4627014 DOI: 10.1007/bf02880201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Tanenbaum SW, Gulbinsky J, Katz M, Sun SC. Separation, purification and some properties of pneumococcal neuraminidase isoenzymes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1970; 198:242-54. [PMID: 4190297 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(70)90057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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