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Wen CY, Hu SY, Hsieh MS, Huang SC, Shen CH, Tsai YC. Good Performance of Revised Scoring Systems in Predicting Clinical Outcomes of Aeromonas Bacteremia in the Emergency Department: A Retrospective Observational Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:124. [PMID: 38248001 PMCID: PMC10814924 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aeromonas species, Gram-negative, non-sporulating, facultative, and anaerobic bacilli, widely distributed in aquatic environments, derive various infections, including bacteremia. Most of these infections were opportunistic and found in patients with predisposing conditions. Among the infections, bacteremia remains with notable mortality, reported from 15% to 45%. However, predicting systems for assessing the mortality risk of this disease have yet to be investigated. We aimed to validate the performance of specific predictive scoring systems to assess the clinical outcomes of Aeromonas bacteremia and applied the revised systems to predict mortality risk. METHODS A retrospective observational study reviewed patients with bacteremia caused by Aeromonas spp. based on at least one positive blood culture sample collected in the emergency department from January 2012 to December 2020. The outcome was in-hospital mortality. We used seven predictive scoring systems to predict the clinical outcome. According to the effectiveness in predicting mortality, we revised three of the seven predictive scoring systems by specific characteristics to refine their risk-predicting performances. RESULTS We enrolled 165 patients with bacteremia caused by Aeromonas spp., including 121 males (73.3%) and 44 females (26.7%), with a mean age of 66.1 ± 14.9 years and an average length of hospital stay of 12.4 ± 10.9 days. The overall mortality rate was 32.7% (54/165). The non-survivors had significantly higher scores in MEDS (6.7 ± 4.2 vs. 12.2 ± 3.3, p < 0.001), NEWS (4.0 ± 2.8 vs. 5.3 ± 3.0, p = 0.008), and qSOFA (0.3 ± 0.6 vs. 0.6 ± 0.7, p = 0.007). Regarding mortality risk prediction, the MEDS demonstrated the best predictive power with AUC of ROC measured up to 0.834, followed by NEWS (0.626) and qSOFA (0.608). We revised the MEDS, NEWS, and qSOFA by hemoglobin and lactate. We found that the revised scores had better powerful performance, including 0.859, 0.767, and 0.691 of the AUC of ROC, if the revised MEDS ≥10, revised NEWS ≥8, and revised qSOFA ≥2, respectively. CONCLUSIONS MEDS, NEWS, and qSOFA were good tools for predicting outcomes in patients with Aeromonas spp. bacteremia. The revised MEDS, NEWS, and qSOFA demonstrated more powerful predicting performance than the original scoring systems. We suggested that patients with higher scores in revised MEDS (≥10), revised NEWS (≥8), and revised qSOFA (≥2) received early goal-directed therapy and appropriate broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment as early as possible to reduce mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yang Wen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan; (C.-Y.W.); (C.-H.S.); (Y.-C.T.)
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
| | - Sung-Yuan Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan; (C.-Y.W.); (C.-H.S.); (Y.-C.T.)
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Shun Hsieh
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan;
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taoyuan Branch, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Che Huang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Lung Cancer Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Shen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan; (C.-Y.W.); (C.-H.S.); (Y.-C.T.)
| | - Yi-Chun Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan; (C.-Y.W.); (C.-H.S.); (Y.-C.T.)
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Sakurai A, Suzuki M, Ohkushi D, Harada S, Hosokawa N, Ishikawa K, Sakurai T, Ishihara T, Sasazawa H, Yamamoto T, Takehana K, Koyano S, Doi Y. Clinical Features, Genome Epidemiology, and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Aeromonas spp. Causing Human Infections: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad587. [PMID: 38156048 PMCID: PMC10753922 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The genus Aeromonas is increasingly implicated in human infections, but knowledge of its clinical characteristics and antimicrobial resistance profiles has been limited owing to its complex taxonomy. Methods We conducted a multicenter prospective cohort study of patients with Aeromonas infections at hospitals across Japan. Patients were eligible for inclusion if they had an Aeromonas spp. strain in a clinical culture and were considered infected at the culture site. Clinical data were collected, and isolates underwent susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing. Results A total of 144 patients were included. Hepatobiliary infection accounted for a majority of infections (73% [105 of 144]), which mostly occurred in elderly patients with comorbid conditions, including hepatobiliary complications. The all-cause 30-day mortality rate was 10.0% (95% confidence interval, 4.9%-14.8%). By whole-genome sequencing, 141 strains (98%) belonged to 4 Aeromonas species-A caviae, A hydrophila, A veronii, and A dhakensis-with significant intraspecies diversity. A caviae was predominant in all infection sites except skin and soft tissue, for which A hydrophila was the prevailing species. The genes encoding chromosomally mediated class B, C, and D β-lactamases were harbored by 92%-100% of the isolates in a species-specific manner, but they often lacked association with resistance phenotypes. The activity of cefepime was reliable. All isolates of A hydrophila and A dhakensis carried an mcr-3-like colistin resistance gene and showed reduced susceptibility to colistin. Conclusions Hepatobiliary tract was the most common infection site of Aeromonas spp., with A caviae being the dominant causative species. The resistance genotype and phenotype were often incongruent for β-lactam agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Sakurai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ohkushi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sohei Harada
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Hosokawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kameda Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ishikawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sakurai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, NTT Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuma Ishihara
- Innovative and Clinical Research Promotion Center, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sasazawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kameda Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases, Omachi Municipal General Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takeru Yamamoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kameda Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazumi Takehana
- Clinical Laboratory, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saho Koyano
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Doi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Kaki R. A retrospective study of Aeromonas hydrophila infections at a university tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:671. [PMID: 37814215 PMCID: PMC10563259 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08660-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aeromonas hydrophila can cause a wide range of diseases and is mainly found in patients with underlying diseases. Globally the data on Aeromonas infections is limited, and no studies have been published about the situation in Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors, clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes of Aeromonas infections in Saudi Arabia. METHODS A retrospective study was performed at a tertiary university hospital with 1000 beds in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. All patients 14 years and older with Aeromonas-positive cultures between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022 were included. Patient information was extracted from the electronic health records, including patient demographics, comorbidities, presenting symptoms, source of infection, human immunodeficiency virus status, culture results and antimicrobial susceptibility, use of immunosuppressive medication, and 30-day mortality. RESULTS In total 24 patients were identified with Aeromonas hydrophila-positive cultures, 22 of which were males (91.7%), and most (75%) had hospital-acquired infections. The 30-day mortality was 20.8%. All Aeromonas cultures were susceptible to gentamicin, cefepime, and ciprofloxacin, while the majority were resistant to ceftazidime (83.3%) and meropenem (62.5%). The most common disease presentation was skin and soft tissue infection (33.3%), the most common clinical sign was fever (58.3%), and the most common symptom was abdominal pain (37.5%). Comorbidities were very common (median 3, range 1-7). Pitt bacteremia score (p < 0.001), Charlson weighted comorbidity index (p < 0.02), international normalized ratio (p < 0.005), and the number of comorbidity factors (p < 0.05) were all associated with 30-day mortality due to Aeromonas infection. The number of comorbidities had the best predictive value (83.3%) of 30-day mortality (p < 0.05, Odds ratio 3.253, 95% confidence interval: 1.088-9.729). CONCLUSIONS Aeromonas hydrophila is an important pathogen to consider in nosocomial infections. The number of comorbidities had the best predictive value of 30-day mortality. The susceptibility pattern of this organism indicates that, in Saudi Arabia, when an Aeromonas infection is suspected, treatment with quinolone along with other broad-spectrum antibiotics should be started until the culture and susceptibility results are known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Kaki
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Infectious Disease & Infection Control and Environmental Health, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, 22252, Saudi Arabia.
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Aoki M, Takemura Y, Kawakami S, Yoochatchaval W, Tran P. T, Tomioka N, Ebie Y, Syutsubo K. Quantitative detection and reduction of potentially pathogenic bacterial groups of Aeromonas, Arcobacter, Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex, and Mycobacterium in wastewater treatment facilities. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291742. [PMID: 37768925 PMCID: PMC10538766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Water quality parameters influence the abundance of pathogenic bacteria. The genera Aeromonas, Arcobacter, Klebsiella, and Mycobacterium are among the representative pathogenic bacteria identified in wastewater. However, information on the correlations between water quality and the abundance of these bacteria, as well as their reduction rate in existing wastewater treatment facilities (WTFs), is lacking. Hence, this study aimed to determine the abundance and reduction rates of these bacterial groups in WTFs. Sixty-eight samples (34 influent and 34 non-disinfected, treated, effluent samples) were collected from nine WTFs in Japan and Thailand. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing analysis revealed the presence of Aeromonas, Arcobacter, and Mycobacterium in all influent wastewater and treated effluent samples. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to quantify the abundance of Aeromonas, Arcobacter, Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex (KpSC), and Mycobacterium. The geometric mean abundances of Aeromonas, Arcobacter, KpSC, and Mycobacterium in the influent wastewater were 1.2 × 104-2.4 × 105, 1.0 × 105-4.5 × 106, 3.6 × 102-4.3 × 104, and 6.9 × 103-5.5 × 104 cells mL-1, respectively, and their average log reduction values were 0.77-2.57, 1.00-3.06, 1.35-3.11, and -0.67-1.57, respectively. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients indicated significant positive or negative correlations between the abundances of the potentially pathogenic bacterial groups and Escherichia coli as well as water quality parameters, namely, chemical/biochemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, nitrite-nitrogen, ammonium-nitrogen, suspended solids, volatile suspended solids, and oxidation-reduction potential. This study provides valuable information on the development and appropriate management of WTFs to produce safe, hygienic water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Aoki
- Regional Environment Conservation Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Takemura
- Regional Environment Conservation Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shuji Kawakami
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Nagaoka College, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
| | - Wilasinee Yoochatchaval
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thao Tran P.
- Regional Environment Conservation Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Noriko Tomioka
- Regional Environment Conservation Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Ebie
- Material Cycles Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Syutsubo
- Regional Environment Conservation Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Research Center of Water Environment Technology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Carneiro J, Pascoal F, Semedo M, Pratas D, Tomasino MP, Rego A, Carvalho MDF, Mucha AP, Magalhães C. Mapping human pathogens in wastewater using a metatranscriptomic approach. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116040. [PMID: 37150387 PMCID: PMC10172761 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The monitoring of cities' wastewaters for the detection of potentially pathogenic viruses and bacteria has been considered a priority during the COVID-19 pandemic to monitor public health in urban environments. The methodological approaches frequently used for this purpose include deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)/Ribonucleic acid (RNA) isolation followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and reverse transcription (RT)‒qPCR targeting pathogenic genes. More recently, the application of metatranscriptomic has opened opportunities to develop broad pathogenic monitoring workflows covering the entire pathogenic community within the sample. Nevertheless, the high amount of data generated in the process requires an appropriate analysis to detect the pathogenic community from the entire dataset. Here, an implementation of a bioinformatic workflow was developed to produce a map of the detected pathogenic bacteria and viruses in wastewater samples by analysing metatranscriptomic data. The main objectives of this work was the development of a computational methodology that can accurately detect both human pathogenic virus and bacteria in wastewater samples. This workflow can be easily reproducible with open-source software and uses efficient computational resources. The results showed that the used algorithms can predict potential human pathogens presence in the tested samples and that active forms of both bacteria and virus can be identified. By comparing the computational method implemented in this study to other state-of-the-art workflows, the implementation analysis was faster, while providing higher accuracy and sensitivity. Considering these results, the processes and methods to monitor wastewater for potential human pathogens can become faster and more accurate. The proposed workflow is available at https://github.com/waterpt/watermonitor and can be implemented in currently wastewater monitoring programs to ascertain the presence of potential human pathogenic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Carneiro
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Francisco Pascoal
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre S/n, 4169- 007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Semedo
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Diogo Pratas
- IEETA - Institute of Electronics and Informatics Engineering of Aveiro, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Electronics Telecommunications and Informatics, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Paola Tomasino
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Adriana Rego
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Maria de Fátima Carvalho
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Mucha
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre S/n, 4169- 007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Magalhães
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre S/n, 4169- 007, Porto, Portugal
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Drk S, Puljko A, Dželalija M, Udiković-Kolić N. Characterization of Third Generation Cephalosporin- and Carbapenem-Resistant Aeromonas Isolates from Municipal and Hospital Wastewater. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030513. [PMID: 36978380 PMCID: PMC10044312 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance (AR) remains one of the greatest threats to global health, and Aeromonas species have the potential to spread AR in the aquatic environment. The spread of resistance to antibiotics important to human health, such as third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) and carbapenems, is of great concern. We isolated and identified 15 cefotaxime (3GC)- and 51 carbapenem-resistant Aeromonas spp. from untreated hospital and treated municipal wastewater in January 2020. The most common species were Aeromonas caviae (58%), A. hydrophila (17%), A. media (11%), and A. veronii (11%). Almost all isolates exhibited a multidrug-resistant phenotype and harboured a diverse plasmidome, with the plasmid replicons ColE, IncU, and IncR being the most frequently detected. The most prevalent carbapenemase gene was the plasmid-associated blaKPC-2 and, for the first time, the blaVIM-2, blaOXA-48, and blaIMP-13 genes were identified in Aeromonas spp. Among the 3GC-resistant isolates, the blaGES-5 and blaMOX genes were the most prevalent. Of the 10 isolates examined, three were capable of transferring carbapenem resistance to susceptible recipient E. coli. Our results suggest that conventionally treated municipal and untreated hospital wastewater is a reservoir for 3GC- and carbapenem-resistant, potentially harmful Aeromonas spp. that can be introduced into aquatic systems and pose a threat to both the environment and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Drk
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10 002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Puljko
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10 002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mia Dželalija
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21 000 Split, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Udiković-Kolić
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10 002 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence:
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Li L, Huang J, Xu L, Wang G, Xiao S, Xia Z, Qin Q, Li Y, Ji S. Severe skin and soft tissue infection in the left upper limb caused by Aeromonas veronii: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2023; 17:29. [PMID: 36710352 PMCID: PMC9885561 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-023-03770-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Skin and soft tissue infections are common because of exposure to aquatic environment, while severe infections caused by Aeromonas veronii are rare. CASE PRESENTATION We report a case of severe skin and soft tissue infection of the left upper limb caused by Aeromonas veronii. A 50-year-old Chinese woman, who had a history of cardiac disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus, accidentally injured her left thumb while cutting a fish. Early antibiotic therapy and surgical debridement was performed before the result of bacterial culture came back. Whole-genome sequencing was further performed to confirm the pathogen and reveal the drug resistance and virulence genes. The wound was gradually repaired after 1 month of treatment, and the left hand recovered well in appearance and function after 3 months of rehabilitation. CONCLUSION Early diagnosis, surgical intervention, and administration of appropriate antibiotics are crucial for patients who are suspected of having skin and soft tissue infection, or septicemia caused by Aeromonas veronii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhui Li
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Burns, Burn Institute of PLA, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Jie Huang
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Burns, Burn Institute of PLA, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Long Xu
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Burns, Burn Institute of PLA, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Guangyi Wang
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Burns, Burn Institute of PLA, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Shichu Xiao
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Burns, Burn Institute of PLA, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Zhaofan Xia
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Burns, Burn Institute of PLA, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Qin Qin
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Yazhou Li
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Shizhao Ji
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Burns, Burn Institute of PLA, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
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Song Y, Wang LF, Zhou K, Liu S, Guo L, Ye LY, Gu J, Cheng Y, Shen DX. Epidemiological characteristics, virulence potential, antimicrobial resistance profiles, and phylogenetic analysis of Aeromonas caviae isolated from extra-intestinal infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1084352. [PMID: 36909720 PMCID: PMC9999030 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1084352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Aeromonas caviae (A. caviae) is one of the major etiological agents in human intestinal infections reported to be associated with a broad spectrum of extra-intestinal infections with increasing incidence over recent years. Although previous studies have established its significance as a causative agent of both bloodstream and gastrointestinal infections, the characteristics of A. caviae that cause extra-intestinal infections remain unilluminated.In this single-center retrospective study, we investigated epidemiological characteristics, antimicrobial resistance genes and phenotypes, virulence genes, and phyloevolution of 47 clinical A. caviae isolated from patients with extra-intestinal infections from 2017 to 2020. Methods A. caviae strains were identified by biochemical tests and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS), ultimately confirmed to species level by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes were identified using the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) and the virulence factor database (VFDB), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of 47 clinical strains was performed by combining with 521 A. caviae strains from NCBI database. Results A. caviae was an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised patients, especially those with underlying hepatobiliary diseases and malignancies. 19 out of 47 isolates were identified as multidrug resistance (MDR) strains. Piperacillin-tazobactam, levofloxacin, gentamicin, amikacin with a resistance rate of less than 10% remained as options to treat extra-intestinal infections. 24 out of 47 isolates exhibited non-susceptibility to cephalosporins and cephamycins, all of which carried β-lactamase gene, including bla MOX, bla PER-3, bla OXA, bla NDM, and bla CphA. Most stains (98%, 46/47) carried at least one of the virulence genes, but extra-intestinal infections had a low mortality rate. Phylogenetic analysis indicated the risk of nosocomial transmission but revealed no outbreak. However, the emergence of MDR and β-lactamase resistance genes in extra-intestinal isolates of A. caviae is becoming an increasing risk to public health and requires attention. Conclusions This study strengthen our understanding of A.caviae isolated from extra-intestinal infections. It may contribute to the management of extra-intestinal infections as well as the prevention and control of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Li-feng Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kuai Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuanhan People’s Hospital, Xuanhan, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hainan Modern Women and Children’s Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Ling Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li-yan Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Gu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Basic Medical Laboratory, The 980th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistical Support Force, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Ding-xia Shen, ; Yan Cheng,
| | - Ding-xia Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ding-xia Shen, ; Yan Cheng,
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9
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Dissasa G, Lemma B, Mamo H. Isolation and identification of major bacteria from three Ethiopian rift valley lakes live and processed fish, and water samples: implications in sanitary system of fish products. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:439. [PMID: 36517783 PMCID: PMC9749233 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03508-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens are a great threat to fish production. Gram-negative bacteria are among the major bacterial fish pathogens and are zoonotic with the potential to infect humans. This cross-sectional study was conducted to isolate and identify major gram-negative bacteria from live and processed fish, and water samples from Lakes Hawassa, Langanoo and Ziway. A total of 674 different types of samples: 630 tissue samples (210 samples for each intestine, Kkidney and liver collected from 210 live fish (Oreochromis niloticus, Cyprinus carpio and Clarias gariepinus), 20 processed fish samples from lake Ziway fish processing center and 24 lake water samples were included in the study from each lake. The mean values of pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen and nitrate in all water samples were within the normal range at which most freshwater fish species become non-stressed. Of a total of 674 samples included in the study, bacteria were isolated from 154(22.8%) samples with significant difference (P < 0.05) observed in some isolates with respect to sample origin. Of these 154 isolates, 103(66.8%) isolates were gram-negative bacteria consisting of 15 species based on morphology and a range of biochemical tests. From live fish samples, Escherichia coli was the dominant species with 15 isolates followed by Edwardsiella tarda (12), Salmonella Paratyphi (10), Salmonella Typhi (9), Shigella dysenteriae (7), Shigella flexneri (7), Klebsiella pneumonia (7), Enterobacter aerogenes (6), Enterobacter cloacae (5), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5), Vibrio parahemolyticus (5), Aeromonas sobria (4), Citrobacter freundii (4), Citrobacter koseri (4) and Plesiomonas shigelloides (3). The detection of the common fecal coliforms (E. coli, K. pneumoniae and E. aerogenes) and Salmonella spp. in processed fish indicates the potential danger of passage of pathogenic bacteria and/or their poisons to humans via infected and/or contaminated fish products. Human infection by pathogenic fish bacteria and food poisoning is possible through contamination of fish product in fish production chain due to inadequate handling, poor hygiene and contact with contaminated water. Therefore, producers, consumers and all other stakeholders need to be cautious during handling, processing and consumption of fish harvested from the study lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guta Dissasa
- grid.7123.70000 0001 1250 5688Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Brook Lemma
- grid.7123.70000 0001 1250 5688Department of Zoological Sciences, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Hassen Mamo
- grid.7123.70000 0001 1250 5688Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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10
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Guerra RM, Maleno FD, Figueras MJ, Pujol-Bajador I, Fernández-Bravo A. Potential Pathogenicity of Aeromonas spp. Recovered in River Water, Soil, and Vegetation from a Natural Recreational Area. Pathogens 2022; 11:1382. [PMID: 36422633 PMCID: PMC9696040 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Aeromonas is widely distributed in aquatic environments and is recognized as a potential human pathogen. Some Aeromonas species are able to cause a wide spectrum of diseases, mainly gastroenteritis, skin and soft-tissue infections, bacteremia, and sepsis. Currently, untreated river water is used for irrigation and recreational purposes. In this study, the Aeromonas spp. present in a river recreational environment was investigated by quantifying its presence in water, soil, and vegetation using three techniques: qPCR, plate counting in selective ADA medium, and Most Probable Number, in parallel. The presence of clones in the three types of samples was elucidated through genotyping with the ERIC-PCR technique, whereas the identification of the isolated Aeromonas was carried out by sequencing the rpoD gene. Finally, the pathogenic potential of some of the strains was explored by studying the presence and expression of virulence genes characteristic of the genus, their antimicrobial susceptibility profile, as well as the quantification of their cell damage and intracellular survival in an in vitro macrophages infection model. The results showed the presence of Aeromonas in all samples with the three quantification methods, with Aeromonas popoffii being the most prevalent species. The presence of strains with the same genotype (ERIC-PCR) was also confirmed in different samples. Some of the strains showed a high level of cell damage and intracellular bacterial survival, as well as the presence of various virulence factors. Furthermore, these strains showed resistance to some of the antibiotics tested and used therapeutically in both humans and animals. These results indicate that the presence of Aeromonas in this environment may represent a biosanitary risk that could be a public health problem.
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11
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Yitayew B, Woldeamanuel Y, Asrat D, Aseffa A, Olsson PE, Mihret A, Jass J. Carbapenemase-producing Aeromonas species isolated from the urban-impacted Akaki river in Ethiopia. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2022; 20:903-914. [PMID: 35768966 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2022.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbapenemase-producing Aeromonas species are an emerging health threat. This study aimed to determine carbapenemase-mediated resistance among Aeromonas isolates from the Akaki river, Ethiopia during the dry and wet seasons in 2019-2020. Antimicrobial susceptibility to carbapenems and cephalosporins was determined and carbapenemase production was confirmed. Of 163 isolates, the majority were human pathogens Aeromonas caviae (62), Aeromonas hydrophila (33) and Aeromonas veronii (49). These isolates were resistant to carbapenem and cephalosporin antibiotics, with the highest resistance to cefotaxime 86 (59.7%), ertapenem 71 (49.3%) and imipenem 65 (45.1%). Resistance to carbapenem antibiotics varied between species, where most A. veronii 37 (75.5%) and A. hydrophila 28 (84.8%) were resistant to imipenem and all A. caviae were sensitive. A. veronii, A. caviae and A. hydrophila resistance to meropenem was 31 (63.3%), 3 (4.8%) and 19 (57.6%), respectively. Of isolates resistant to carbapenem, 82.1% A. hydrophila and 94.4% A. veronii were carbapenemase producers. Cephalosporin resistance also varied among the different species. The highest resistance to carbapenem antibiotics was in isolates collected during the wet season (p<0.05); however, it was not consistent across all classes of antibiotics tested. The rivers in megacities could be reservoirs of carbapenemase-producing Aeromonas spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berhanu Yitayew
- College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; School of Science and Technology, The Life Science Center - Biology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden E-mail:
| | | | - Daniel Asrat
- College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abraham Aseffa
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Per-Erik Olsson
- School of Science and Technology, The Life Science Center - Biology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden E-mail:
| | - Adane Mihret
- College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Jana Jass
- School of Science and Technology, The Life Science Center - Biology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden E-mail:
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12
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Clinical significance and outcome of aeromonas infection among 19 patients-a descriptive study from south India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2022; 40:299-302. [PMID: 35337669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We describe a series of 19 patients with Aeromonas infection in a tertiary hospital from South India. Bacteremia (n,9) and skin and soft tissue infection (n,9) were the common presentations, and one case of gastroenteritis. Twelve were male and seven were female. Comorbid conditions were seen with 52% cases. Among 18 patients hospitalized, 37% required intensive care. The infection was polymicrobial in 26%, mainly enteropathogens. Decreased susceptibility of beta lactams (94% to cefepime, 84% to ceftazidime and imipenem and 53% to piperacillin tazobactam) is a matter of concern. All but one patient with bacteremia survived the infection.
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13
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Patil SM, Hilker ED. Aeromonas hydrophila Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia With Septic Shock in a Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patient Due to Absolute Neutropenia and Lymphopenia. Cureus 2022; 14:e23345. [PMID: 35475099 PMCID: PMC9018926 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is a gram-negative (GN) bacillus with an opportunistic potential in immunocompromised patients. They are ubiquitary in fresh and brackish water capable of infecting healthy and immunosuppressed patients. Clinical manifestations vary in healthy hosts compared to immunocompromised patients. Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP) is an infrequent clinical presentation of A. hydrophila infection, even in immunosuppressed patients. It is also an uncommon cause of nosocomial and drowning-related pneumonia. Although a rare cause of CABP, the clinical course is fulminant with higher mortality due to lower clinical suspicion. Here, we present an immunocompromised 63-year-old Caucasian male with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) presenting with acute A. hydrophila CABP with septic shock due to absolute neutropenia and lymphopenia.
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14
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Selective detection of Aeromonas spp. by a fluorescent probe based on the siderophore amonabactin. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 230:111743. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Aeromonas: the multifaceted middleman in the One Health world. Curr Opin Microbiol 2021; 65:24-32. [PMID: 34717260 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas is at the interface of all the One Health components and represents an amazingly sound test case in the One Health approach, from economic loss in aquaculture tochallenges related to antibiotic-resistant bacteria selected from the environment. In human health, infections following leech therapy is an outstanding example of such One Health challenges. Aeromonads are not only ubiquitous environmental bacteria, able to rapidly colonize and cause opportunistic infections in humans and animals, they are also capable of promoting interactions and gene exchanges between the One Health components. This makes this genus a key amplifier of genetic transfer, especially of antibiotic resistance genes.
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16
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Zhang W, Li Z, Yang H, Wang G, Liu G, Wang Y, Bello BK, Zhao P, Liang W, Dong J. Aeromonas sobria Induces Proinflammatory Cytokines Production in Mouse Macrophages via Activating NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling Pathways. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:691445. [PMID: 34513725 PMCID: PMC8428973 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.691445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas sobria, a common conditional pathogenic bacteria, is widely distributed in the environment and causes gastroenteritis in humans or septicemia in fish. Of all Aeromonas species, A. sobria is the most frequently isolated from human infections especially in immunocompromised subjects. Innate immunity is the first protection system of organism to resist non-specific pathogens invasion; however, the immune response process of hosts against A. sobria infection re\mains unexplored. The present study established an A. sobria infection model using primary mouse peritoneal macrophages (PMφs). The adherence and cytotoxicity of A. sobria on PMφs were determined by May-Grünwald Giemsa staining and LDH release measurement. Pro-inflammatory cytokine expression levels were measured using qPCR, western blotting, and ELISA methods. We also investigated the levels of ASC oligomerization and determined the roles of active caspase-1 in IL-1β secretion through inhibition assays and explored the activated pattern recognition receptors through immunofluorescence. We further elucidated the roles of activated inflammasome in regulating the host's inflammatory response through inhibition combined with ELISA assays. Our results showed that A. sobria induced lytic cell death and LDH release, whereas it had no adhesive properties on PMφs. A. sobria triggered various proinflammatory cytokine transcription level upregulation, and IL-1β occupied the highest levels. The pro-IL-1β protein expression levels increased in a dose-dependent manner with MOI ranging from 1 to 100. This process was regulated by ASC-dependent inflammasome, which cleavage pro-IL-1β into active IL-1β p17 with activated caspase-1 p20. Meanwhile, the expression levels of NLRP3 receptor significantly increased, location analysis revealed puncta-like surrounding nuclear, and inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome downregulated caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion. Blocking of NLRP3 inflammasome activation through K+ efflux and cathepsin B or caspase approaches downregulated A. sobria-induced proinflammatory cytokine production. Overall, these data indicated that A. sobria induced proinflammatory cytokine production in PMφs through activating NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Key Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Zhixing Li
- Key Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- Key Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Guanglu Wang
- Key Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Key Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Babatunde Kazeem Bello
- State key laboratory of Rice Biology, Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lianyungang, China
| | - Panpan Zhao
- Key Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Laboratory Department of Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jingquan Dong
- Key Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
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17
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Talagrand-Reboul E, Colston SM, Graf J, Lamy B, Jumas-Bilak E. Comparative and Evolutionary Genomics of Isolates Provide Insight into the Pathoadaptation of Aeromonas. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 12:535-552. [PMID: 32196086 PMCID: PMC7250499 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aeromonads are ubiquitous aquatic bacteria that cause opportunistic infections in humans, but their pathogenesis remains poorly understood. A pathogenomic approach was undertaken to provide insights into the emergence and evolution of pathogenic traits in aeromonads. The genomes of 64 Aeromonas strains representative of the whole genus were analyzed to study the distribution, phylogeny, and synteny of the flanking sequences of 13 virulence-associated genes. The reconstructed evolutionary histories varied markedly depending on the gene analyzed and ranged from vertical evolution, which followed the core genome evolution (alt and colAh), to complex evolution, involving gene loss by insertion sequence-driven gene disruption, horizontal gene transfer, and paraphyly with some virulence genes associated with a phylogroup (aer, ser, and type 3 secretion system components) or no phylogroup (type 3 secretion system effectors, Ast, ExoA, and RtxA toxins). The general pathogenomic overview of aeromonads showed great complexity with diverse evolution modes and gene organization and uneven distribution of virulence genes in the genus; the results provided insights into aeromonad pathoadaptation or the ability of members of this group to emerge as pathogens. Finally, these findings suggest that aeromonad virulence-associated genes should be examined at the population level and that studies performed on type or model strains at the species level cannot be generalized to the whole species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Talagrand-Reboul
- Équipe Pathogènes Hydriques Santé Environnements, UMR 5569 HSM, University of Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, France
| | - Sophie M Colston
- US Naval Research Laboratory, National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Joerg Graf
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut
| | - Brigitte Lamy
- Équipe Pathogènes Hydriques Santé Environnements, UMR 5569 HSM, University of Montpellier, France.,Département de Bactériologie, CHU de Nice and Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Estelle Jumas-Bilak
- Équipe Pathogènes Hydriques Santé Environnements, UMR 5569 HSM, University of Montpellier, France.,Département d'Hygiène Hospitalière, CHRU de Montpellier, France
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18
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Blair D, Piccicacco N. Management and Treatment of Necrotizing Fasciitis. AACN Adv Crit Care 2021; 31:118-125. [PMID: 32525996 DOI: 10.4037/aacnacc2020467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Blair
- David Blair is an Emergency Medicine Pharmacy Resident, Department of Pharmacy Services, Tampa General Hospital, 1 Tampa General Circle, Tampa, FL 33606
| | - Nicholas Piccicacco
- Nicholas Piccicacco is Infectious Diseases Pharmacotherapy Specialist, Department of Pharmacy Services, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, Florida
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19
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Expansion of Necrosis Depending on Hybrid Motor-Driven Motility of Aeromonas hydrophila in a Murine Wound Infection Model. Microorganisms 2020; 9:microorganisms9010010. [PMID: 33375129 PMCID: PMC7822177 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The gram-negative bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila is a cause of fulminant and lethal necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs). Suppressing the rapid proliferation of the pathogen and expansion of the necrosis caused in the host is an important issue in clinical practice, but the pathogenic mechanism for the rapid aggravation has not been clarified. In this study, we characterized the function of two types of motor stators in A. hydrophila and explored the role of motility during wound infection. In vitro analysis showed that the motility was reliably maintained while being complemented by the stators. We created a non-motile strain that lacked genes encoding two types of motor stators and analyzed the role of motility in a murine wound infection model. Examination of the bacterial burden in the local infection site and systemic circulation revealed that motility was not essential for the proliferation of A. hydrophila in the host. However, the extent of necrosis at the lesions was lower, and survival times were prolonged in mice infected with the non-motile strain compared with mice infected with the parent strain. These results provide evidence that the rapid expansion of necrosis and the progression to death within a short time period is dependent on the motility of A. hydrophila.
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20
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Genomic Analysis of Aeromonas veronii C198, a Novel Mcr-3.41-Harboring Isolate from a Patient with Septicemia in Thailand. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9121031. [PMID: 33317051 PMCID: PMC7763265 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9121031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The resistance of Gram-negative bacteria to colistin, mediated by plasmid-borne mcr genes, is an emerging public health concern. The complete genome sequence (4.55 Mb) of a clinical isolate of Aeromonas veronii biovar veronii obtained from a patient with septicemia was determined using short-read and long-read platforms. This isolate (C198) was found to harbor a novel mcr-3 gene, designated mcr-3.41. Isolate C198 revealed adjacent mcr-3.41 and mcr-3-like genes. It contained one chromosome and two plasmids, both of which encoded a RepB replication protein. Other antimicrobial resistance genes, including blacphA3, blaOXA-12, tetA, rsmA, and adeF, were also present. Isolate C198 was resistant to amoxicillin–clavulanate, ampicillin–sulbactam and tetracycline, and showed intermediate resistance to trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole. The isolate was susceptible to piperacillin–tazobactam, carbapenem, third-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, chloramphenicol, and aminoglycosides. Putative virulence genes in the C198 genome encoded type II, III, and VI secretion systems; type IV Aeromonas pili; and type I fimbria, flagella, hemagglutinin, aerolysin, and hemolysins. Multilocus sequence typing revealed a novel sequence type (ST), ST720 for C198. Phylogenetic analysis of the single nucleotide polymorphisms in C198 demonstrated that the strain was closely related to A. veronii 17ISAe. The present study provides insights into the genomic characteristics of human A. veronii isolates.
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21
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Dezoteux F, Staumont-Sallé D. [Bacterial acute non necrosing cellulitis (erysipelas) in adult]. Rev Med Interne 2020; 42:186-192. [PMID: 33176944 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Erysipelas is defined by a sudden onset (with fever) preceding the appearance of a painful, infiltrated, erythematous plaque, accompanied by regional lymphadenopathy. It is usually localized on the lower limbs, but it can occur on the face. It is due to β-hemolytic streptococcus A and more rarely to staphylococcus aureus. It is important to establish the diagnosis and eliminate the non-bacterial causes of inflammatory edema. The other diagnoses frequently found are contact eczema, acute arthritis, bursitis, inflammatory flare-up of chronic dermohypodermitis of venous origin, flare-up of chronic multifactorial eczema (venous insufficiency, vitamin deficiencies, senile xerosis and/or contact eczema), rare familial periodic fevers, rare neutrophilic dermatoses or eosinophilic cellulitis. It is necessary to identify signs of severity that would justify hospitalization. In front of a typical acute bacterial dermohypodermitis and in the absence of comorbidity, no additional investigation is necessary. Systematic blood cultures have low profitability. Locoregional causes must be identified in order to limit the risk of recurrence which remains the most frequent complication. In uncomplicated erysipelas, amoxicillin is the gold standard; treatment with oral antibiotic therapy is possible if there is no sign of severity or co-morbidity (diabetes, arteritis, cirrhosis, immune deficiency) or an unfavorable social context. In case of allergy to penicillin, pristinamycin or clindamycin should be prescribed. Prophylactic antibiotic therapy with delayed penicillin is recommended in the event of recurrent erysipelas.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Dezoteux
- Service de dermatologie, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Université Lille, Inserm, CHU de Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, 59000 Lille, France; Université Lille, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - D Staumont-Sallé
- Service de dermatologie, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Université Lille, Inserm, CHU de Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, 59000 Lille, France; Université Lille, 59000 Lille, France
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22
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Huang TY, Peng KT, Hsu WH, Hung CH, Chuang FY, Tsai YH. Independent Predictors of Mortality for Aeromonas Necrotizing Fasciitis of Limbs: An 18-year Retrospective Study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7716. [PMID: 32382057 PMCID: PMC7205975 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64741-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) of the limbs caused by Aeromonas species is an extremely rare and life-threatening skin and soft tissue infection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the specific characteristics and the independent predictors of mortality in patients with Aeromonas NF. Sixty-eight patients were retrospectively reviewed over an 18-year period. Differences in mortality, demographics data, comorbidities, symptoms and signs, laboratory findings, microbiological analysis, empiric antibiotics treatment and clinical outcomes were compared between the non-survival and the survival groups. Twenty patients died with the mortality rate of 29.4%. The non-survival group revealed significant differences in bacteremia, monomicrobial infection, cephalosporins resistance, initial ineffective empiric antibiotics usage, chronic kidney disease, chronic hepatic dysfunction, tachypnea, shock, hemorrhagic bullae, skin necrosis, leukopenia, band polymorphonuclear neutrophils >10%, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. The multivariate analysis identified four variables predicting mortality: bloodstream infection, shock, skin necrosis, and initial ineffective empirical antimicrobial usage against Aeromonas. NF caused by Aeromonas spp. revealed high mortality rates, even through aggressive surgical debridement and antibacterial therapies. Identifying those independent predictors, such as bacteremia, shock, progressive skin necrosis, monomicrobial infection, and application of the effective antimicrobial agents against Aeromonas under the supervision of infectious doctors, may improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Yu Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ti Peng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsiu Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hui Hung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yi Chuang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hung Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan. .,Department of Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Chiayi, Taiwan.
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Fernández-Bravo A, Figueras MJ. An Update on the Genus Aeromonas: Taxonomy, Epidemiology, and Pathogenicity. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8010129. [PMID: 31963469 PMCID: PMC7022790 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Aeromonas belongs to the Aeromonadaceae family and comprises a group of Gram-negative bacteria widely distributed in aquatic environments, with some species able to cause disease in humans, fish, and other aquatic animals. However, bacteria of this genus are isolated from many other habitats, environments, and food products. The taxonomy of this genus is complex when phenotypic identification methods are used because such methods might not correctly identify all the species. On the other hand, molecular methods have proven very reliable, such as using the sequences of concatenated housekeeping genes like gyrB and rpoD or comparing the genomes with the type strains using a genomic index, such as the average nucleotide identity (ANI) or in silico DNA–DNA hybridization (isDDH). So far, 36 species have been described in the genus Aeromonas of which at least 19 are considered emerging pathogens to humans, causing a broad spectrum of infections. Having said that, when classifying 1852 strains that have been reported in various recent clinical cases, 95.4% were identified as only four species: Aeromonas caviae (37.26%), Aeromonas dhakensis (23.49%), Aeromonas veronii (21.54%), and Aeromonas hydrophila (13.07%). Since aeromonads were first associated with human disease, gastroenteritis, bacteremia, and wound infections have dominated. The literature shows that the pathogenic potential of Aeromonas is considered multifactorial and the presence of several virulence factors allows these bacteria to adhere, invade, and destroy the host cells, overcoming the immune host response. Based on current information about the ecology, epidemiology, and pathogenicity of the genus Aeromonas, we should assume that the infections these bacteria produce will remain a great health problem in the future. The ubiquitous distribution of these bacteria and the increasing elderly population, to whom these bacteria are an opportunistic pathogen, will facilitate this problem. In addition, using data from outbreak studies, it has been recognized that in cases of diarrhea, the infective dose of Aeromonas is relatively low. These poorly known bacteria should therefore be considered similarly as enteropathogens like Salmonella and Campylobacter.
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Horizontal Gene Transfer and Its Association with Antibiotic Resistance in the Genus Aeromonas spp. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7090363. [PMID: 31540466 PMCID: PMC6780555 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of multidrug resistant bacteria to the most diverse antimicrobials known so far pose a serious problem to global public health. Currently, microorganisms that develop resistant phenotypes to multiple drugs are associated with high morbidity and mortality. This resistance is encoded by a group of genes termed ‘bacterial resistome’, divided in intrinsic and extrinsic resistome. The first one refers to the resistance displayed on an organism without previous exposure to an antibiotic not involving horizontal genetic transfer, and it can be acquired via mutations. The latter, on the contrary, is acquired exclusively via horizontal genetic transfer involving mobile genetic elements that constitute the ‘bacterial mobilome’. This transfer is mediated by three different mechanisms: transduction, transformation, and conjugation. Recently, a problem of public health due to implications in the emergence of multi-drug resistance in Aeromonas spp. strains in water environments has been described. This is derived from the genetic material transfer via conjugation events. This is important, since bacteria that have acquired antibiotic resistance in natural environments can cause infections derived from their ingestion or direct contact with open wounds or mucosal tissue, which in turn, by their resistant nature, makes their eradication complex. Implications of the emergence of resistance in Aeromonas spp. by horizontal gene transfer on public health are discussed.
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Yang S, He T, Sun J, Sun S. Distinct Antimicrobial Resistance Profiling Of Clinically Important Aeromonas Spp. In Southwest China: A Seven-Year Surveillance Study. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:2971-2978. [PMID: 31571949 PMCID: PMC6756270 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s216926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Co-evolution of host and aeromonads has diversified their spectrums of diseases and antibiograms, while a paucity of data was concerning about this diversity in China. To fill this gap, this study was aimed to investigate and compare antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of clinically important Aeromonas spp. from various clinical sources. Methods A multicenter retrospective surveillance study was conducted in Chongqing from 2011 to 2017. Data of strains were retrieved from the database of China Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (CARSS). Whonet 5.6 and Graphpad Prism 6 Software were adopted to determine and compare distribution and AMR patterns. Results Among 1135 Aeromonas strains, Aeromonas hydrophila complex (65.6%, 745/1135) was the most predominant species, followed by Aeromonas veronii complex (16.7%, 190/1135) and Aeromonas caviae complex (15.3%, 174/1135). Sputum was the most frequent source of strains (27.7%), followed by wound (20.8%), bloodstream (10.8%) and urine (8.8%). Urinary strains demonstrated the highest resistance rates to ceftriaxone (65.6%), ceftazidime (52.1%), cefepime (38.3%), ciprofloxacin (47.7%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (56.6%). Similar AMR pattern was observed in intestinal strains, with corresponding resistance rates of 29.4%, 28.9%, 22.2%, 27.3% and 45%, respectively. However, respiratory, bloodstream and skin strains exhibited resistance rates of less than 20% to most of the antimicrobials tested. In terms of species, approximately 30% of Aeromonas hydrophila complex and Aeromonas caviae complex strains were resistant to ceftriaxone and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, while Aeromonas veronii complex strains harbored resistance rates of less than 20% to all tested antimicrobials. Although antibiograms of these species were distinct, they remained constant from 2011 to 2017. Conclusions Distinct AMR patterns between species and sources highlighted the predominance of Aeromonas hydrophila complex and high resistance of strains in urine and intestine to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in Southwest China. Temporally constant AMR patterns should not relax the vigilance of antimicrobial resistance in clinically important Aeromonas species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong He
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jide Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
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Subbaram K, Gatasheh MK, Al Azzam KM, Kannan H. Molecular identification of diarrheal Aeromonas using immuno magnetic polymerase chain reaction (IM-PCR) technique: a comparative study with conventional culture method. Afr Health Sci 2019; 19:2036-2042. [PMID: 31656487 PMCID: PMC6794535 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v19i2.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aeromonas are ubiquitous bacteria causing many clinical conditions including acute diarrhea. Diarrheagenic Aeromonas harbors aerolysin gene secreting virulent enterotoxin, aerolysin. Objectives To develop a molecular and immunological based method for detection of Aeromonas. Methods Diarrheal Aeromonas strains were identified from stool samples using culture, enterotoxicity testing using mice model. During immune magnetic polymerase chain reaction IM-PCR protocol, aerolysin specific antibodies were bound with immuno magnetic binding. Sensitivity and specificity tests for IM-PCR were conducted. Results There was high detection of Aeromonas using IM-PCR (12.4 %) technique when compared to low isolation with culture (5.1%). Our study confirmed that some strains of enterotoxic Aeromonas strains were uncultivable. Enterotoxicity tests on culture isolates revealed many strains were negative. IM-PCR detected high, (62/500) rate of identification of Aeromonas with aerolysin toxin gene. Aeromonas species identified after IM-PCR were A. hydrophila (40.3% ), A. veronii (17.7 %), A. caviae (14.5 %), A. trota (11.2 %), A. jandei (9.6 %) and A. schuberti (6.4%). All A. trota strains were undetected by cultivation. Conclusion High sensitivity and specificity of IM-PCR are due to preparation of aerolysin antibodies and immuno magnetic binding, prior to PCR. Since diseases due to Aeromonas are increasingly reported, IM-PCR is recommended for detection from clinical specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Subbaram
- Preparatory Year Department, Al-Ghad International Colleges for Applied Medical Sciences, 11451 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour K Gatasheh
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Al-Ghad International Colleges for Applied Medical Sciences, 11451 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaldun M Al Azzam
- Preparatory Year Department, Al-Ghad International Colleges for Applied Medical Sciences, 11451 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hemalatha Kannan
- Department of Laboratory Sciences & Pathology, P.O.Box-378, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
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Pu W, Guo G, Yang N, Li Q, Yin F, Wang P, Zheng J, Zeng J. Three species of Aeromonas (A. dhakensis, A. hydrophila and A. jandaei) isolated from freshwater crocodiles (Crocodylus siamensis) with pneumonia and septicemia. Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 68:212-218. [PMID: 30609084 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hundreds of farmed Siamese crocodiles (Crocodylus siamensis) died during July 2016 at a farm in Wenchang, Hainan, China. In two necropsied crocodiles, we observed symptoms of dermatorrhagia, hepatomegaly and hepatic congestion. Pulmonitis was diagnosed by pulmonary congestion and pulmonary fibrinous exudate. Septicaemia was diagnosed by isolation of three Aeromonas species from blood and visceral tissues; A. dhakensis, A. hydrophila and A. jandaei were identified by biochemical and molecular tests. We used a zebrafish model to determine the half-maximal lethal dose (LD50 ), and A. dhakensis was found to be the most virulent species, with an LD50 of 8·91 × 105 CFU per ml. The results of a drug sensitivity test indicated that these species were sensitive to 11 antibiotics. This is the first report of A. dhakensis, A. hydrophila and A. jandaei being isolated from a mixed infection in Siamese crocodiles. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: In this study, we isolated three species of Aeromonas (A. dhakensis, A. hydrophila and A. jandae) from farmed Siamese crocodiles with fatal fibrinous pneumonia and septicaemia. This is the first description of a mixed infection with three Aeromonas species among captive crocodilians.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Pu
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - G Guo
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - N Yang
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Q Li
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - F Yin
- School of Tropical Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - P Wang
- Institute of Bioengineering, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - J Zheng
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - J Zeng
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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Frozen White-Leg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Korean Markets as a Source of Aeromonas spp. Harboring Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance Genes. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 24:1587-1598. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Ugarte-Torres A, Perry S, Franko A, Church DL. Multidrug-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila causing fatal bilateral necrotizing fasciitis in an immunocompromised patient: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2018; 12:326. [PMID: 30382899 PMCID: PMC6211551 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-018-1854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aeromonas hydrophila is a water-dwelling, gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium, associated with diarrheal illness and, less commonly, necrotizing skin and soft tissue infections, especially among immunocompromised patients. Necrotizing fasciitis is associated with a high mortality rate, especially when caused by Aeromonas spp. Our patient was infected with an extremely aggressive form of multidrug-resistant Aeromonas spp. that produced both an extended-spectrum β-lactamase and an AmpC enzyme. Aeromonads are being recognized as important emerging pathogens because of their inherent antibiotic resistance profiles compounded by other virulence factors. These difficult-to-treat organisms can have significant implications in both clinical and public health settings. CASE PRESENTATION A 37-year-old Caucasian male with immunosuppression due to aplastic anemia being treated with cyclosporine, presented to hospital with relapsed disease. While in hospital, he subsequently developed overwhelming sepsis secondary to bilateral lower extremity necrotizing fasciitis. The necrotizing fasciitis was caused by a multidrug-resistant strain of A. hydrophila. Despite broad-spectrum antibiotics and aggressive surgical debridement, he succumbed to this severe invasive infection. CONCLUSIONS Necrotizing fasciitis caused by Aeromonas spp. is a rare infection that may have a poor clinical outcome, particularly if the diagnosis is delayed and/or the organism is highly virulent and multidrug resistant. Enhanced education of clinicians and microbiologists is required to prevent unnecessary complications and improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Ugarte-Torres
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, 9-3535 Research Rd NW, Calgary, AB, T2L 2K8, Canada
| | - Sarah Perry
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, 9-3535 Research Rd NW, Calgary, AB, T2L 2K8, Canada
| | - Angela Franko
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Deirdre L Church
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, 9-3535 Research Rd NW, Calgary, AB, T2L 2K8, Canada. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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De Silva B, Hossain S, Dahanayake P, Heo GJ. Aeromonasspp. from marketed Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis): molecular characterization, phylogenetic analysis, virulence properties and antimicrobial susceptibility. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 126:288-299. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B.C.J. De Silva
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Korea
| | - S. Hossain
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Korea
| | - P.S. Dahanayake
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Korea
| | - G.-J. Heo
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Korea
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[Near-drowning associated Aeromonas pneumonia]. Rev Mal Respir 2018; 35:959-962. [PMID: 30220490 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aeromonas pneumonia associated with near-drowning, though uncommon, is serious and a major morbidity factor for patients. CLINICAL CASE A healthy 30-year-old man nearly drowned in a pound. He was admitted to the medical intensive care unit and required intubation and mechanical ventilation. He was given antibiotic therapy in the form of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. After a brief stable period post immersion, he rapidly developed fever and respiratory failure. The thoracic scan revealed bilateral alveolar infiltrates and led to a fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Aeromonas veroniiandPseudomonas aeruginosa were found on culture of the bronchial aspirate. A change of antibiotic therapy appropriate to these bacteria led to clinical improvement and allowed complete withdrawal of ventilation. CONCLUSION Rapid respiratory deterioration following near-drowning should raise the suspicion of pulmonary infection with the bacteria usually found in the respiratory tract during ventilation but without overlooking the possibility of unusual organisms, particularly Aeromonas.It is usuallysensitive to third generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. Ideally, Aeromonas should be sought in pulmonary aspirates and samples of the water where immersion occurred.
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Allou N, Soubeyrand A, Traversier N, Persichini R, Brulliard C, Valance D, Martinet O, Picot S, Belmonte O, Allyn J. Waterborne Infections in Reunion Island, 2010-2017. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 99:578-583. [PMID: 30039783 PMCID: PMC6169186 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacilli Vibrio spp., Aeromonas spp., and Shewanella spp. are a major cause of severe waterborne infection. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and microbiological characteristics and prognosis of patients hospitalized in Reunion Island for a waterborne infection. This retrospective study was conducted in the two university hospitals of Reunion Island between January 2010 and March 2017. Patients diagnosed with a Vibrio, Aeromonas, or Shewanella infection were evaluated. Over the study period, 112 aquatic strains were isolated at Reunion Island: Aeromonas spp. were found in 91 patients (81.3%), Shewanella spp. in 13 patients (11.6%), and Vibrio spp. in eight patients (7.2%). The in-hospital mortality rate was 11.6%. The main sites of infection were skin and soft tissue (44.6%) and the abdomen (19.6%). Infections were polymicrobial in 70 cases (62.5%). The most commonly prescribed empiric antibiotic regimen was amoxicillin-clavulanate (34.8%). Eighty-four percent of the aquatic strains were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanate and more than > 95% were susceptible to third or fourth generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. After multivariate analysis, the only independent risk factor of in-hospital mortality was the presence of sepsis (P < 0.0001). In Reunion Island, the most commonly isolated aquatic microorganisms were Aeromonas spp. Sepsis caused by aquatic microorganisms was frequent (> 50%) and associated with higher in-hospital mortality. This study suggests that empiric antibiotic regimens in patients with sepsis or septic shock caused by suspected aquatic microorganisms (tropical climate, skin lesion exposed to seawater…) should include broad-spectrum antibiotics (third or fourth generation cephalosporins).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Allou
- Réanimation Polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, Saint Denis, France
| | - Aurélien Soubeyrand
- Réanimation Polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, Saint Denis, France
| | - Nicolas Traversier
- Bacteriologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Felix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, Saint Denis, France
| | - Romain Persichini
- Réanimation Polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, Saint Denis, France
| | - Caroline Brulliard
- Réanimation Polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, Saint Denis, France
| | - Dorothée Valance
- Réanimation Polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, Saint Denis, France
| | - Olivier Martinet
- Réanimation Polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, Saint Denis, France
| | - Sandrine Picot
- Bacteriologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sud Réunion, Saint Pierre, Saint Pierre, France
| | - Olivier Belmonte
- Bacteriologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Felix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, Saint Denis, France
| | - Jérôme Allyn
- Réanimation Polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, Saint Denis, France
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Hammad AM, Moustafa AEH, Mansour MM, Fahmy BM, Hamada MG, Shimamoto T, Shimamoto T. Molecular and Phenotypic Analysis of Hemolytic Aeromonas Strains Isolated from Food in Egypt Revealed Clinically Important Multidrug Resistance and Virulence Profiles. J Food Prot 2018; 81:1015-1021. [PMID: 29757009 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the public health significance of hemolytic Aeromonas species isolated from 213 food samples in Egypt, based on their virulence and antimicrobial-resistance potential. We recovered 63 strains, isolated from fish, raw milk, karish cheeses, and ras cheese in 29 (31.18%) of 93, 10 (25.00%) of 40, 13 (32.50%) of 40, and 11 (27.50%) of 40 samples, respectively. The most prevalent virulence gene was alt (50.79%), followed by aerA (34.92%), asa1 (39.68%), ahh1 (20.63%), act (11.11%), and ast (3.17%). Thirteen strains screened in this study carried no hemolysin gene, but only the alt gene, and another eight hemolytic strains screened, carried no virulence gene. The virulence signatures " ahh1+ aerA" and " alt+ act," in which the genes interact synergistically to induce severe diarrhea, were detected in two and four strains, respectively. Most showed resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, aztreonam, and imipenem, which indicates the complexity of the β-lactamase production in our hemolytic Aeromonas strains. Fourteen (22.22%) of 63 strains carried one or more antimicrobial-resistance markers, including the blaCTX-M, blaTEM, tet(A), tet(E), and intI1 genes, which were detected in 6.34, 3.17, 3.17, 4.76, and 14.28% of isolates, respectively. In conclusion, the majority of hemolytic Aeromonas strains isolated from the intestinal contents of healthy fish and naturally contaminated milk and cheeses were not commensal but had developed multidrug-resistance and virulence profiles, indicating an emerging potential health risk. Importantly, screening for certain hemolysin genes may not be reliable in predicting the pathogenic potential of Aeromonas species and, thereby, the safety of analyzed foods. Our findings indicate that specific criteria are required for the phenotypic and molecular analysis of Aeromonas species in food items, particularly those eaten without further treatment, to ensure their safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alaa-Eldin H Moustafa
- 2 Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat 32897, Egypt; and
| | - Maha M Mansour
- 2 Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat 32897, Egypt; and
| | - Bashier M Fahmy
- 2 Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat 32897, Egypt; and
| | | | - Toshi Shimamoto
- 3 Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5538-0595 [Ta.S.])
| | - Tadashi Shimamoto
- 3 Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5538-0595 [Ta.S.])
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Grau D, Masson R, Villiet M, Lamy B. Leech management before application on patient: a nationwide survey of practices in French university hospitals. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2018; 7:19. [PMID: 29441201 PMCID: PMC5800073 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-018-0311-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Leech therapy in plastic/reconstructive microsurgery significantly improves a successful outcome of flap salvage but the drawback is a risk of severe infection that results in a drop of the salvage rates from 70-80% to below 30%. We report the results of a national survey conducted in all the French university hospitals to assess the current extent of use of leech for medical practices in the hospital and to investigate maintenance, delivery practices and prevention of the risk of infection. Methods Data concerning conditions of storage, leech external decontamination, microbiological controls, mode of delivery and antibiotic prophylaxis were collected from all the French university hospitals in practicing leech therapy, on the basis of a standardized questionnaire. Results Twenty-eight of the 32 centers contacted filled the questionnaire, among which 23 practiced leech therapy, mostly with a centralized storage in the pharmacy; 39.1% of the centers declared to perform leech external decontamination and only 2 centers recurrent microbiological controls of the water storage. Leech delivery was mostly nominally performed (56.5%), but traceability of the leech batch number was achieved in only 39.1% of the cases. Only 5 centers declared that a protocol of antibiotic prophylaxis was systematically administered during leech therapy: either quinolone (2), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (2) or amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (1). Conclusions Measures to prevent infectious complications before application to patient have to be better applied and guidelines of good practices are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Grau
- 1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, CHU de Montpellier, 371, Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34090 Montpellier, France.,2UMR 5569 HSM, Team "Pathogènes Hydriques Santé et Environnements", Unit of Bacteriology, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France
| | - Raphaël Masson
- 3Department of internal medicine and geriatrics, HUG de Genève, Genèva, Switzerland
| | - Maxime Villiet
- 1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, CHU de Montpellier, 371, Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Brigitte Lamy
- 4Department of Clinical microbiology, CHU de Nice, Nice, France.,5Inserm U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Team « Microbial toxins in host pathogen interactions », Nice, France.,6Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France
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Walczak N, Puk K, Guz L. Bacterial Flora Associated with Diseased Freshwater Ornamental Fish. J Vet Res 2017; 61:445-449. [PMID: 29978108 PMCID: PMC5937343 DOI: 10.1515/jvetres-2017-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ornamental fish can suffer from different bacterial diseases. Among them the most prevalent are infections caused by Aeromonas, Shewanella, Citrobacter, Plesiomonas, Edwardsiella, and Pseudomonas. But there is a broad spectrum of rarely identified bacteria which may be causative agents of diseases. The aim of the study was to determine the species of bacteria pathogenic for fish which are prevalent in aquariums. Material and Methods Bacteria were isolated from infected ornamental fish from pet shops and private aquariums in the Lublin region in 2015 and classified to species using MALDI-TOF MS. Results A total of 182 isolates from ornamental fish were identified. The most frequent bacteria found in diseased fish were Aeromonas veronii (30.8% of total number of strains), A. hydrophila (18.7%), Shewanella putrefaciens (7.1%), Citrobacter freundii (7.1%), Pseudomonas spp. (7.1%), Shewanella baltica (4.9%), and Plesiomonas shigelloides (3.3%). Conclusion Isolated bacterial species are facultative pathogens for fish and humans and may be isolated from fish without apparent symptoms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Walczak
- Department of Fish Diseases and Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Puk
- Department of Fish Diseases and Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Leszek Guz
- Department of Fish Diseases and Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
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Rutteman B, Borremans K, Beckers J, Devleeschouwer E, Lampmann S, Corthouts I, Verlinde P. Aeromonas wound infection in a healthy boy, and wound healing with polarized light. JMM Case Rep 2017; 4:e005118. [PMID: 29188066 PMCID: PMC5692235 DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.005118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. At emergency departments, history taking is often very brief. We present a case of an Aeromonas wound infection, that illustrates the importance of careful history taking. We also report the first successful use of polarized light as additional therapy for healing of this infectious wound. Case presentation. A healthy boy was diagnosed with a wound infection, after a fall onto rocks. At first, it remained unmentioned that there had been contact with ditchwater, so he was treated with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Only after the finding of an Aeromonas strain in the wound culture, and treatment with a fluoroquinolone, did he recover. Wound healing was aided with the use of polarized light, and with good effect. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the effect of polarized light on the healing of infectious wounds. Conclusion. Careful history taking is essential for adequate empiric therapy when faced with wounds and wound infections. Aeromonas infections are associated with water exposure, and should be treated with fluoroquinolones. Polarized light seems to have a good result on healing of infectious wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Rutteman
- Department of Pediatrics, AZ Sint Blasius Dendermonde, Dendermonde, Belgium
| | - Kristien Borremans
- Department of Pediatrics, AZ Sint Blasius Dendermonde, Dendermonde, Belgium
| | - Jan Beckers
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, AZ Sint Blasius Dendermonde, Dendermonde, Belgium
| | - Els Devleeschouwer
- Department of Pediatrics, AZ Sint Blasius Dendermonde, Dendermonde, Belgium
| | - Sybien Lampmann
- Department of Pediatrics, AZ Sint Blasius Dendermonde, Dendermonde, Belgium
| | - Ivo Corthouts
- Department of Pediatrics, AZ Sint Blasius Dendermonde, Dendermonde, Belgium
| | - Piet Verlinde
- Department of Pediatrics, AZ Sint Blasius Dendermonde, Dendermonde, Belgium
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Miyagi K, Sano K, Hirai I. Sanitary evaluation of domestic water supply facilities with storage tanks and detection of Aeromonas, enteric and related bacteria in domestic water facilities in Okinawa Prefecture of Japan. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 119:171-177. [PMID: 28458058 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To provide for temporary restrictions of the public water supply system, storage tanks are commonly installed in the domestic water systems of houses and apartment buildings in Okinawa Prefecture of Japan. To learn more about the sanitary condition and management of these water supply facilities with storage tanks (hereafter called "storage tank water systems") and the extent of bacterial contamination of water from these facilities, we investigated their usage and the existence of Aeromonas, enteric and related bacteria. Verbal interviews concerning the use and management of the storage tank water systems were carried out in each randomly sampled household. A total of 54 water samples were collected for bacteriological and physicochemical examinations. Conventional methods were used for total viable count, fecal coliforms, identification of bacteria such as Aeromonas, Enterobacteriaceae and non-fermentative Gram-negative rods (NF-GNR), and measurement of residual chlorine. On Aeromonas species, tests for putative virulence factor and an identification using 16S rRNA and rpoB genes were also performed. Water from the water storage systems was reported to be consumed directly without boiling in 22 of the 54 houses (40.7%). 31 of the sampled houses had installed water storage tanks of more than 1 cubic meter (m3) per inhabitant, and in 21 of the sampled houses, the tank had never been cleaned. In all samples, the total viable count and fecal coliforms did not exceed quality levels prescribed by Japanese waterworks law. Although the quantity of bacteria detected was not high, 23 NF-GNR, 14 Enterobacteriaceae and 5 Aeromonas were isolated in 42.6%, 7.4% and 3.7% of samples respectively. One isolated A. hydrophila and four A. caviae possessed various putative virulence factors, especially A. hydrophila which had diverse putative pathogenic genes such as aer, hlyA, act, alt, ast, ser, and dam. Many bacteria were isolated when the concentration of residual chlorine was below 0.1 mg/l and the water temperature was above 20 °C. These results suggest that elevated water temperature and mismatch between tank size and water demand lead to loss of residual chlorine in tap water. Therefore, to minimize growth of aquatic bacteria such as Aeromonas spp. and Pseudomonas spp., we recommend that an appropriate size tank and/or volume of stored water is always used, and also suggest installation of some means of reducing water temperature such as shading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazufumi Miyagi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan.
| | - Kouichi Sano
- Department of Microbiology, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Itaru Hirai
- Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
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Chaix G, Roger F, Berthe T, Lamy B, Jumas-Bilak E, Lafite R, Forget-Leray J, Petit F. Distinct Aeromonas Populations in Water Column and Associated with Copepods from Estuarine Environment (Seine, France). Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1259. [PMID: 28744262 PMCID: PMC5504101 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas spp. are ubiquitous bacteria primarily recovered from aquatic ecosystems. They are found in fresh water as well as estuarine and marine waters, and in association with numerous autochthonous aquatic organisms in these environments. However, aeromonads are also etiologic agents of fish diseases and are now recognized as emerging pathogens in humans. The estuary is therefore a key environment, harboring autochthonous aeromonads, and aeromonads originating from humans and animals, mainly released by treated WWTP effluent or watershed run-off via tributaries. The present study compares the abundance and the diversity of Aeromonas populations. Over 2 years of monitoring (eight campaigns from February 2013 to November 2015), the occurrence of Aeromonas was investigated within the water column (water and fluid mud) and in association with copepods. Moreover, the diversity of Aeromonas populations was ascertained by analyzing gyrB and radA sequences, and the antibiotic-resistance phenotypes were determined using the disk diffusion method. This study shows, for the first time, the presence of Aeromonas spp. in water (1.1 × 102 to 1.2 ± 0.3 × 103 CFU.100 mL-1), fluid mud (2.6 ± 2.6 × 102 to 9.8 ± 0.9 × 103 CFU.g-1) and in association with living copepods (1.9 ± 0.7 × 102 to >1.1 × 104 CFU.g-1) in the Seine estuary. Moreover, the diversity study, conducted on 36 strains isolated from the water column and 47 strains isolated from copepods, indicates distinct populations within these two compartments. Strains distributed in five clusters corresponding to A. bestiarum (n = 6; 5.45%), A. encheleia (n = 1; 0.91%), A. media (n = 22; 20.0%), A. rivipollensis (n = 34; 30.91%) and A. salmonicida (n = 47; 42.73%). A. salmonicida is the most abundant species associated with Eurytemora affinis (n = 35; 74.47%). In contrast, A. salmonicida accounts for only 30.56% (n = 11) of isolates in the water column. This study shows the coexistence of distinct populations of Aeromonas in the oligohaline area of an anthropized estuary. Moreover, A. media, a putative human pathogen, present in the water column and abundant in the WWTP samples, was not detected in association with living copepods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautier Chaix
- UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, M2C, Normandie UniversitéRouen, France
| | - Frédéric Roger
- UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, M2C, Normandie UniversitéRouen, France
| | - Thierry Berthe
- UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, M2C, Normandie UniversitéRouen, France
| | - Brigitte Lamy
- CNRS 5569 HSM, Équipe Pathogènes Hydriques Santé Environnements, Université de MontpellierMontpellier, France.,Laboratoire de Bactériologie, CHU de NiceNice, France
| | - Estelle Jumas-Bilak
- CNRS 5569 HSM, Équipe Pathogènes Hydriques Santé Environnements, Université de MontpellierMontpellier, France.,Département d'Hygiène Hospitalière, CHRU de MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Robert Lafite
- UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, M2C, Normandie UniversitéRouen, France
| | | | - Fabienne Petit
- UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, M2C, Normandie UniversitéRouen, France.,UPMC, CNRS, EPHE, UMR 7619 METIS, Sorbonne UniversitésParis, France
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Banerjee B, Madiyal M, Ramchandra L, Mukhopadhyay C, Garg R, Chawla K. Unusual Severe Extra-Intestinal Manifestations of a Common Enteric Pathogen- Aeromonas Spp. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:DC01-DC03. [PMID: 28658756 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/26600.9787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aeromonas spp. are halophilic, Gram-negative bacilli. They are widely distributed in the soil and aquatic environment and have been associated with various extra-intestinal infections, such as skin and soft-tissue infections, meningitis, bacteraemia etc. The most common species associated with extra-intestinal infection is Aeromonas hydrophila. AIM To get the overview of clinical presentations, underlying predisposing factors associated with the extra-intestinal infections caused by Aeromonas species and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extra-intestinal cases of Aeromonas spp. admitted during December 2015 to October 2016 in the tertiary care hospital of South Karnataka coastal region were analysed retrospectively. The isolates were identified by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) VITEK®MS and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by VITEK®2 system (bioMérieux, Inc., Durham, NC) respectively. Clinical manifestations and management of the cases were noted from the clinical records. Clinical and microbiological findings presented as mean±standard deviation, frequency and percentage. RESULTS We included 26 cases in this study, from whom Aeromonas spp. were isolated alone or with another microorganism. Most widespread infection was Skin and Soft Tissue Infection (SSTI) (24, 92.3%). In 50% (12/24) cases, SSTI developed due to trauma. In 45.8% (11/24), underlying co-morbid conditions were present. The common site of infection was lower extremities (16/24, 66.7%) and 62.5% (15/24) of them presented with severe gangrene of the affected site. Other than SSTI, we encountered with two cases of keratitis and cholangitis respectively. A. hydrophila were frequently isolated species (23/26, 88.5%). The analysis of antimicrobial susceptibility showed, 13% isolates were Multidrug Resistant (MDR). Carbapenem resistance was also noted. CONCLUSION We had isolated Aeromonas spp. from different extra-intestinal sites. Most common extra-intestinal manifestation by this organism was post-traumatic wound infection. Clinical spectrum of this infection confused the clinician with other organisms like group B Streptococcus, Clostridium spp. etc., and mislead them in empirical management. Finally with the microbiological support all the cases were treated either conservatively or in combination with surgical debridement or amputation depending on the situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnini Banerjee
- Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Mridula Madiyal
- Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Lingadakai Ramchandra
- Professor and Head, Department of Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay
- Professor, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Rahul Garg
- Junior Resident, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Kiran Chawla
- Professor and Head, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Chung TH, Yi SW, Shin GW. Antibiotic resistance and repetitive-element PCR fingerprinting in Aeromonas veronii isolates. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2017; 40:821-829. [PMID: 27690177 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated antibiotic resistance and the related genes in total 47 Aeromonas veronii isolates from pet fish, eel (Anguilla japonica) and koi (Cyprinus carpio) in Korea. In comparison with the antibiotic susceptibilities of isolates from eel and koi, those of pet fish were more resistant to ceftiofur, aminoglycosides, tetracycline and nitrofurantoin. And isolates from pet fish showed high prevalences of class 1 integron, quinolones and tetracycline resistance determinants than those from eel and koi. Repetitive-element palindromic PCR (rep-PCR) showed larger diversities among A. veronii isolates. Collectively, pet fish may be a reservoir for multiple clones of A. veronii involved in antibiotic resistance. In this aspect, imported fish in the aquaculture trade should be steadily and continually screened for bacterial antibiotic resistance and related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-H Chung
- Department of Animal Science, Joongbu University, Geumsan-gun, Korea
| | - S-W Yi
- Bio-safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - G-W Shin
- Bio-safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
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Clinical significance and outcome of Aeromonas spp. infections among 204 adult patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 36:1393-1403. [PMID: 28258303 PMCID: PMC7102105 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-017-2945-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this investigation were to analyze the clinical patterns, risk groups, prognostic factors, and mortality of infections caused by Aeromonas spp. This was a retrospective study of adult patients with Aeromonas spp. isolates attended at the Hospital del Mar in Barcelona, Spain, between January 2006 and December 2012. Epidemiological data, antimicrobial susceptibility, clinical patterns, underlying illnesses, type of infection, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), number of episodes, coinfection, antimicrobial therapy, and evolution were analyzed. A total of 221 clinical samples from 204 patients were positive for Aeromonas spp. The mean age of the patients was 67.6 years. The main clinical form of presentation was gastrointestinal (78.4%). Malignancy was the main risk group in 69 (33.8%) patients, and 48 (23.5%) were previously healthy. Twenty-one patients (10.3%) were admitted to the ICU. Infections were acquired in the hospital in 52.5% of the patients, and 28.9% were polymicrobial. The overall mortality (after 1 year of follow-up from the first positive culture) was 26.5%. Univariate analysis identified an association between increased mortality and the following variables: age ≥80 years, hospitalization, admission to the ICU, malignancy, extraintestinal infection, and appropriate antimicrobial therapy. In the multivariate analysis, age ≥80 years [odds ratio (OR), 4.37 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.68-11.35; p = 0.002]], admission to the ICU (OR, 6.59 [95% CI, 2.17-19.99; p = 0.001]), and malignancy (OR, 3.62 [95% CI, 1.32-9.90; p = 0.012]) were significantly associated with mortality. Aeromonas infections are mainly gastrointestinal. The 1-year follow-up mortality rate was high. Old age (age ≥80 years), admission to the ICU, and malignancy were identified as independent risk factors for mortality.
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Olszewski AE, Karandikar MV, Surana NK. Aeromonas as a Cause of Purulent Folliculitis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2017; 6:e1-e3. [PMID: 27988495 PMCID: PMC5907866 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piw073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Aeromonas species are rarely an identified cause of folliculitis. Here, we describe the case of a patient who had purulent folliculitis of the breast caused by an Aeromonas species and review 4 other cases presented in the literature, highlighting the commonalities observed. Aeromonas infection should be considered in patients who present with purulent folliculitis, particularly those with exposure to nonchlorinated pools or baths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra E. Olszewski
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Massachusetts
| | - Manjiree V. Karandikar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Massachusetts
| | - Neeraj K. Surana
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Massachusetts
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Talagrand-Reboul E, Jumas-Bilak E, Lamy B. The Social Life of Aeromonas through Biofilm and Quorum Sensing Systems. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:37. [PMID: 28163702 PMCID: PMC5247445 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria of the genus Aeromonas display multicellular behaviors herein referred to as “social life”. Since the 1990s, interest has grown in cell-to-cell communication through quorum sensing signals and biofilm formation. As they are interconnected, these two self-organizing systems deserve to be considered together for a fresh perspective on the natural history and lifestyles of aeromonads. In this review, we focus on the multicellular behaviors of Aeromonas, i.e., its social life. First, we review and discuss the available knowledge at the molecular and cellular levels for biofilm and quorum sensing. We then discuss the complex, subtle, and nested interconnections between the two systems. Finally, we focus on the aeromonad multicellular coordinated behaviors involved in heterotrophy and virulence that represent technological opportunities and applied research challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Talagrand-Reboul
- Équipe Pathogènes Hydriques Santé Environnements, UMR 5569 HSM, Université de MontpellierMontpellier, France; Département d'Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) de MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Estelle Jumas-Bilak
- Équipe Pathogènes Hydriques Santé Environnements, UMR 5569 HSM, Université de MontpellierMontpellier, France; Département d'Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) de MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Brigitte Lamy
- Équipe Pathogènes Hydriques Santé Environnements, UMR 5569 HSM, Université de MontpellierMontpellier, France; Département de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de NiceNice, France
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Sinclair HA, Heney C, Sidjabat HE, George NM, Bergh H, Anuj SN, Nimmo GR, Paterson DL. Genotypic and phenotypic identification of Aeromonas species and CphA-mediated carbapenem resistance in Queensland, Australia. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 85:98-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Verriere B, Sabatier B, Carbonnelle E, Mainardi JL, Prognon P, Whitaker I, Lantieri L, Hivelin M. Medicinal leech therapy and Aeromonas spp. infection. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 35:1001-6. [PMID: 27039338 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2629-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
While the use of medicinal leech therapy (MLT) in reconstructive and orthopaedic surgery is widely described, post-operative complications related to leeches remain a major concern. Aeromonas spp. strains are involved in the majority of reported cases. As surgical success rate is directly impacted, an adapted antibiotic prophylaxis should be instituted in order to minimize these complications. We assessed pharmaceutical process, microbiological control and related infections in order to provide data and choose the appropriate antibiotherapy for patients requiring MLT. We report a clinical and microbiological study over a 24-month period. Clinical data were collected from patients' database, and microbiological analysis both on leeches' tank water and crushed leeches were performed to characterize isolated strains and their susceptibility to antibiotics. A total of 595 leeches were used to treat 28 patients (12 in plastic surgery and 16 in orthopaedic surgery), and three documented cases of post-operative infections were reported. Aeromonas spp. isolates yielded from 62 % of analyzed batches (75 % of Aeromonas veronii). Eighteen Aeromonas spp. isolates yielded from 23 water samples and three crushed leeches. Isolates were similar in tank and crushed leeches. Strains were susceptible to fluoroquinolones, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, aminosides, and third-generation cephalosporins but resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and second-generation cephalosporins. According to collected data, routine tank water microbiological analyses are mandatory in order to identify leeches' batches containing resistant strains and to discard them. In this context, the surgeon is able to select an appropriated antibiotic prophylaxis in order to avoid MLT associated serious post-operative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Verriere
- Pharmacy Department, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France.
| | - B Sabatier
- Pharmacy Department, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France
| | - E Carbonnelle
- Microbiology Department, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France
| | - J L Mainardi
- Microbiology Department, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France
| | - P Prognon
- Pharmacy Department, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France
| | - I Whitaker
- Reconstructive Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Wales, UK
| | - L Lantieri
- Reconstructive Surgery Department, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France
| | - M Hivelin
- Reconstructive Surgery Department, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France
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Katz MJ, Parrish NM, Belani A, Shah M. Recurrent Aeromonas Bacteremia Due to Contaminated Well Water. Open Forum Infect Dis 2015; 2:ofv142. [PMID: 26495324 PMCID: PMC4612566 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofv142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although they are ubiquitous to aquatic environments, Aeromonas species have traditionally been considered nonvirulent; however, in the past 30 years, they have emerged as important human pathogens that can cause a wide spectrum of disease. In this study, we describe a case of recurrent Aeromonas bacteremia in an immunocompetent patient, and this exposure was linked to the patient's home well water supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan J. Katz
- Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease
| | | | - Anusha Belani
- Frederick Memorial Hospital, Hospital Epidemiologist, Maryland
| | - Maunank Shah
- Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease
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Mosser T, Talagrand-Reboul E, Colston SM, Graf J, Figueras MJ, Jumas-Bilak E, Lamy B. Exposure to pairs of Aeromonas strains enhances virulence in the Caenorhabditis elegans infection model. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1218. [PMID: 26583012 PMCID: PMC4631986 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonad virulence remains poorly understood, and is difficult to predict from strain characteristics. In addition, infections are often polymicrobial (i.e., are mixed infections), and 5-10% of such infections include two distinct aeromonads, which has an unknown impact on virulence. In this work, we studied the virulence of aeromonads recovered from human mixed infections. We tested them individually and in association with other strains with the aim of improving our understanding of aeromonosis. Twelve strains that were recovered in pairs from six mixed infections were tested in a virulence model of the worm Caenorhabditis elegans. Nine isolates were weak worm killers (median time to death, TD50, ≥7 days) when administered alone. Two pairs showed enhanced virulence, as indicated by a significantly shortened TD50 after co-infection vs. infection with a single strain. Enhanced virulence was also observed for five of the 14 additional experimental pairs, and each of these pairs included one strain from a natural synergistic pair. These experiments indicated that synergistic effects were frequent and were limited to pairs that were composed of strains belonging to different species. The genome content of virulence-associated genes failed to explain virulence synergy, although some virulence-associated genes that were present in some strains were absent from their companion strain (e.g., T3SS). The synergy observed in virulence when two Aeromonas isolates were co-infected stresses the idea that consideration should be given to the fact that infection does not depend only on single strain virulence but is instead the result of a more complex interaction between the microbes involved, the host and the environment. These results are of interest for other diseases in which mixed infections are likely and in particular for water-borne diseases (e.g., legionellosis, vibriosis), in which pathogens may display enhanced virulence in the presence of the right partner. This study contributes to the current shift in infectiology paradigms from a premise that assumes a monomicrobial origin for infection to one more in line with the current pathobiome era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Mosser
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie, Équipe Pathogènes Hydriques Santé Environnements, UMR 5569 HydroSciences Montpellier, Université de Montpellier Montpellier, France
| | - Emilie Talagrand-Reboul
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie, Équipe Pathogènes Hydriques Santé Environnements, UMR 5569 HydroSciences Montpellier, Université de Montpellier Montpellier, France ; Département d'Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Montpellier Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie M Colston
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Joerg Graf
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Storrs, CT, USA ; Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Maria J Figueras
- Unidad de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rovira i Virgili Reus, Spain
| | - Estelle Jumas-Bilak
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie, Équipe Pathogènes Hydriques Santé Environnements, UMR 5569 HydroSciences Montpellier, Université de Montpellier Montpellier, France ; Département d'Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Montpellier Montpellier, France
| | - Brigitte Lamy
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie, Équipe Pathogènes Hydriques Santé Environnements, UMR 5569 HydroSciences Montpellier, Université de Montpellier Montpellier, France ; Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Montpellier Montpellier, France
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Piotrowska M, Popowska M. Insight into the mobilome of Aeromonas strains. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:494. [PMID: 26074893 PMCID: PMC4444841 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mobilome is a pool of genes located within mobile genetic elements (MGE), such as plasmids, IS elements, transposons, genomic/pathogenicity islands, and integron-associated gene cassettes. These genes are often referred to as “flexible” and may encode virulence factors, toxic compounds as well as resistance to antibiotics. The phenomenon of MGE transfer between bacteria, known as horizontal gene transfer (HGT), is well documented. The genes present on MGE are subject to continuous processes of evolution and environmental changes, largely induced or significantly accelerated by man. For bacteria, the only chance of survival in an environment contaminated with toxic chemicals, heavy metals and antibiotics is the acquisition of genes providing the ability to survive in such conditions. The process of acquiring and spreading antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) is of particular significance, as it is important for the health of humans and animals. Therefore, it is important to thoroughly study the mobilome of Aeromonas spp. that is widely distributed in various environments, causing many diseases in fishes and humans. This review discusses the recently published information on MGE prevalent in Aeromonas spp. with special emphasis on plasmids belonging to different incompatibility groups, i.e., IncA/C, IncU, IncQ, IncF, IncI, and ColE-type. The vast majority of plasmids carry a number of different transposons (Tn3, Tn21, Tn1213, Tn1721, Tn4401), the 1st, 2nd, or 3rd class of integrons, IS elements (e.g., IS26, ISPa12, ISPa13, ISKpn8, ISKpn6) and encode determinants such as antibiotic and mercury resistance genes, as well as virulence factors. Although the actual role of Aeromonas spp. as a human pathogen remains controversial, species of this genus may pose a serious risk to human health. This is due to the considerable potential of their mobilome, particularly in terms of antibiotic resistance and the possibility of the horizontal transfer of resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Piotrowska
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Popowska
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw Warsaw, Poland
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Skin, soft tissue and systemic bacterial infections following aquatic injuries and exposures. Am J Med Sci 2015; 349:269-75. [PMID: 25374398 DOI: 10.1097/maj.0000000000000366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
: Bacterial infections following aquatic injuries occur commonly in fishermen and vacationers after freshwater and saltwater exposures. Internet search engines were queried with the key words to describe the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic and treatment strategies and outcomes of both the superficial and the deeper invasive infections caused by more common, newly emerging and unusual aquatic bacterial pathogens. Main findings included the following: (1) aquatic injuries often result in gram-negative polymicrobial infections with marine bacteria; (2) most marine bacteria are resistant to 1st- and 2nd-generation penicillins and cephalosporins; (3) nontuberculous, mycobacterial infections should be considered in late-onset, culture-negative and antibiotic-resistant marine infections; (4) superficial marine infections and pre-existing wounds exposed to seawater may result in deeply invasive infections and sepsis in immunocompromised patients. With the exception of minor marine wounds demonstrating localized cellulitis, most other marine infections and all gram-negative and mycobacterial marine infections will require therapy with antibiotic combinations.
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