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Zhang R, Zhang Z, Xu M, Li W, Sun Y, Dai Y, Yang X, Lin S. Bartholin's gland cyst caused by Sneathia amnii: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:333. [PMID: 37198537 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08302-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sneathia amnii is a conditional pathogen of the female genital tract that is involved in bacterial vaginosis and poor reproductive and perinatal outcomes. Few studies have reported subcutaneous cysts following invasive infection caused by S amnii. CASE PRESENTATION Here we report the case of a 27-year-old woman who presented with Bartholin's gland cyst due to S amnii infection, and was successfully treated with surgical neostomy and antibiotic agents. The isolate was gram-negative, bacillary, anaerobic, and was identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the 16 S rRNA. CONCLUSIONS S amni is an important but underappreciated pathogen that needs further investigation. This report describes the microbial and pathogenic characteristics of S amnii and is expected to provide a valuable reference in obstetric and gynecologic clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Zhezhong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Minjing Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yanwen Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yuliang Dai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xuejing Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Shaohua Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, P.R. China.
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Patel N, Patel N, Pal S, Nathani N, Pandit R, Patel M, Patel N, Joshi C, Parekh B. Distinct gut and vaginal microbiota profile in women with recurrent implantation failure and unexplained infertility. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:113. [PMID: 35413875 PMCID: PMC9004033 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female reproductive tract dysbiosis impacts implantation. However, whether gut dysbiosis influences implantation failure and whether it accompanies reproductive tract dysbiosis remains scantly explored. Herein, we examined the gut-vaginal microbiota axis in infertile women. METHODS We recruited 11 fertile women as the controls, and a cohort of 20 infertile women, 10 of whom had recurrent implantation failure (RIF), and another 10 had unexplained infertility (UE). Using amplicon sequencing, which employs PCR to create sequences of DNA called amplicon, we compared the diversity, structure, and composition of faecal and vaginal bacteria of the controls with that of the infertile cohort. Of note, we could only sequence 8 vaginal samples in each group (n = 24/31). RESULT Compared with the controls, α-diversity and β-diversity of the gut bacteria among the infertile groups differed significantly (p < 0.05). Taxa analysis revealed enrichment of Gram-positive bacteria in the RIF group, whereas Gram-negative bacteria were relatively abundant in the UE group. Strikingly, mucus-producing genera declined in the infertile cohort (p < 0.05). Hungatella, associated with trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) production, were enriched in the infertile cohort (p < 0.05). Vaginal microbiota was dominated by the genus Lactobacillus, with Lactobacillus iners AB-1 being the most abundant species across the groups. Compared with the infertile cohort, overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria, associated with vaginal dysbiosis, such as Leptotrichia and Snethia, occurred in the controls. CONCLUSION The gut microbiota had little influence on the vaginal microbiota. Gut dysbiosis and vaginal eubiosis occurred in the infertile women, whereas the opposite trend occurred in the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayna Patel
- Akanksha Hospital and Research Institute, Lambhvel Road, Lambhvel, Anand, Gujarat, 387310, India
| | - Nidhi Patel
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382011, India
| | - Sejal Pal
- Akanksha Hospital and Research Institute, Lambhvel Road, Lambhvel, Anand, Gujarat, 387310, India
| | - Neelam Nathani
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382011, India.,School of Applied Sciences & Technology (SAST-GTU), Gujarat Technological University, Visat - Gandhinagar Road, Chandkheda, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382424, India
| | - Ramesh Pandit
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382011, India
| | - Molina Patel
- Akanksha Hospital and Research Institute, Lambhvel Road, Lambhvel, Anand, Gujarat, 387310, India
| | - Niket Patel
- Akanksha Hospital and Research Institute, Lambhvel Road, Lambhvel, Anand, Gujarat, 387310, India
| | - Chaitanya Joshi
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382011, India
| | - Bhavin Parekh
- Akanksha Hospital and Research Institute, Lambhvel Road, Lambhvel, Anand, Gujarat, 387310, India.
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3
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Gruwier L, Sprenkels A, Hulsbosch S, Vankeerberghen A, Cartuyvels R. Sneathia amnii bacteraemia and chorioamnionitis leading to second trimester abortion: a case report. Access Microbiol 2021; 3:000290. [PMID: 35024552 PMCID: PMC8749150 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sneathia amnii (formerly designated as Leptotrichia amnionii) was first described in 2002 in the USA. Members of the genus Sneathia can be part of the normal flora of the genitourinary tract, but have been implicated in invasive (mostly gynaecological) infections. Case presentation To the best of our knowledge, here we present the first case of S. amnii infection in Belgium, in a young woman presenting with fever leading to second trimester septic abortion. Conclusion Despite its pathogenicity, S. amnii remains an underrated cause of infections due to inherent difficulties with conventional laboratory methods. By extracting the bacterial DNA directly from the blood culture broth and performing a 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence analysis we succeeded in identifying S. amnii as the most probable cause of the septic abortion in our patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien Gruwier
- Jessa Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Hasselt, Belgium
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Eisenberg T, Gronow S, Falgenhauer J, Imirzalioglu C, Mühldorfer K, Rau J, Blom J, Fawzy A, Glaeser SP, Kämpfer P. Sneathia vaginalis sp. nov. ( Fusobacteriales, Leptotrichiaceae) as a replacement of the species ' Sneathia amnii' Harwich et al. 2012 and ' Leptotrichia amnionii' Shukla et al. 2002, and emended description of Sneathia Collins et al. 2001. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 33616512 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the genus Sneathia are fastidious bacteria that predominantly colonise the female genital tract and are significantly associated with reproductive disorders and genital and neonatal disease. From a taxonomical perspective, the genus only comprises the species Sneathia sanguinegens. Numerous reports on a second species, 'Sneathia amnii', have been published, but the name has never been validated. The same is the case for 'Leptotrichia amnionii', which was previously shown to belong to the same species as 'Sneathia amnii'. We studied strains DSM 16631T and DSM 16630, which have been identified and deposited as 'Leptotrichia amnionii' previously. At the time of isolation, these strains were found to be most closely related to, but clearly different from, Sneathia sanguinegens based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities. Both strains proved to be almost indistinguishable from 'Sneathia amnii' based on molecular, morphological and physiological traits. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DSM 16631T was assigned to the genus Sneathia with a sequence similarity of 95.47 % to Sneathia sanguinegens CCUG 41628T, followed by type strains of Caviibacter abscessus (93.03 %), Oceanivirga salmonicida (92.68 %) and Oceanivirga miroungae (91.97 %) as the next closely related members of the Leptotrichiaceae. The novel species was also clearly differentiated from other related taxa by core genome phylogeny, average nucleotide and amino acid identities, in silico DNA-DNA hybridization and MALDI-TOF MS. With respect to chemotaxonomic and physiological patterns, strains DSM 16631T and DSM 16630 were again highly similar to Sneathia sanguinegens. On the basis of these data, we propose the novel species Sneathia vaginalis sp. nov. with the type strain DSM 16631T (=CCUG 52977T=CCUG 52889AT) and a second strain DSM 16630 (=CCUG 52976=CCUG 52888) that were both isolated from bloodstream infections in women with puerperal fever in France. The G+C content of the DNA of the type strain is 28.4 mol% and the genome size is 1.28 Mbp. Based on the observed extremely high similarities of genotypic and phenotypic traits of the novel proposed species to those reported for 'Sneathia amnii', we recommend using this new name in all further publications on this taxon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Eisenberg
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.,Hessian State Laboratory (LHL), 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Gronow
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Culture GmbH, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jane Falgenhauer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany and German Center of Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Germany
| | - Can Imirzalioglu
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany and German Center of Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Germany
| | - Kristin Mühldorfer
- Department of Wildlife Diseases, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, 10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Rau
- Chemical and Veterinary Analysis Agency Stuttgart, 70736 Fellbach, Germany
| | - Jochen Blom
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ahmad Fawzy
- Cairo University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Giza Square 12211, Egypt.,Hessian State Laboratory (LHL), 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefanie P Glaeser
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter Kämpfer
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Behera HS, Chayani N, Bal M, Khuntia HK, Pati S, Das S, Ranjit M. Identification of population of bacteria from culture negative surgical site infection patients using molecular tool. BMC Surg 2021; 21:28. [PMID: 33413260 PMCID: PMC7788737 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-020-01016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Managing surgical site infections, with negative culture report in routine diagnosis is a common dilemma in microbiology accounting more than 30% worldwide. The present study attempted to identify the presence of bacterial spp. if any in wound aspirates/swabs of culture negative surgical site infections of hospitalised patients using molecular tools. METHODS Ninety-seven patients with post-operative SSI whose wound swabs/aspirate were negative in the conventional aerobic culture after 72 h of incubation were analysed by 16S rRNA gene specific broad range PCR. The amplified DNA fragments were sequenced by Sanger DNA sequencing method and homology of the sequence were matched using NCBI BLAST (NCBI, USA) RESULTS: Of the 97 patients, 16S rRNA based broad range PCR assay could identify the presence of bacterial pathogen in 53(54.63%) cases, of which 29 isolates were supposed to be of viable but non-culturable bacteria (VBNC), 07 were of obligatory anaerobes and 13 were of unculturable bacteria, 04 were with poly bacterial infections. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the usefulness of PCR assay in detecting the presence of any VBNC, anaerobes and unculturable bacteria in SSI patients regardless of how well the bacteria may or may not grow in culture. Measures should be taken to use anaerobic culture system and PCR diagnosis along with conventional culture to detect the VBNC and unculturable bacteria where Gram stain is positive for better patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Sekhar Behera
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India. .,Department of Molecular Epidemiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India.
| | - Nirupama Chayani
- Department of Microbiology, SCB Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, 753003, India
| | - Madhusmita Bal
- Department of Parasite Immunology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Hemant Kumar Khuntia
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Department of Public Health, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sashibhusan Das
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Manoranjan Ranjit
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India. .,Department of Molecular Epidemiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India.
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Sneathia amnii, an unusual pathogen in spondylitis: A case report. Anaerobe 2020; 66:102277. [PMID: 32987144 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sneathia amnii is an opportunistic pathogen of the female reproductive tract that has been reported to cause infections during pregnancy and in the post-partum period. Infections outside the reproductive tract have rarely been described. We report the case of a spondylitis due to S. amnii in a 72-year old woman, successfully treated after seven weeks of antimicrobial therapy. Growth of this pathogen guided our diagnosis towards a gynecological pathology; we discovered an endometrium adenocarcinoma. This case emphasizes the need for adequate incubation of discal biopsies, using aerobic and anaerobic enrichment broth with prolonged incubation.
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7
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Identification of a Cytopathogenic Toxin from Sneathia amnii. J Bacteriol 2020; 202:JB.00162-20. [PMID: 32291280 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00162-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sneathia amnii is a poorly characterized emerging pathogen that has been implicated in amnionitis and urethritis. We found that S. amnii damages fetal membranes, and we identified and purified a cytotoxic exotoxin that lyses human red blood cells and damages cells from fetal membranes. The gene appears to be cotranscribed with a second gene that encodes a protein with identity to two-partner system transporters, suggesting that it is the "A," or secreted component of a type Vb system. The toxin is 1,881 amino acids with a molecular weight of approximately 200 kDa. It binds to red blood cell membranes and forms pores with a diameter of 2.0 to 3.0 nm, resulting in osmolysis. Because it appears to be the "A" or passenger component of a two-partner system, we propose to name this novel cytotoxin/hemolysin CptA for cytopathogenic toxin component A.IMPORTANCE Sneathia amnii is a very poorly characterized emerging pathogen that can affect pregnancy outcome and cause urethritis and other infections. To date, nothing is known about its virulence factors or pathogenesis. We have identified and isolated a cytotoxin, named CptA for cytopathogenic toxin, component A, that is produced by S. amnii CptA is capable of permeabilizing chorionic trophoblasts and lysing human red blood cells and, thus, may play a role in virulence. Except for small domains conserved among two-partner secretion system passenger proteins, the cytotoxin exhibits little amino acid sequence homology to known toxins. In this study, we demonstrate the pore-forming activity of this novel toxin.
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8
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Vitorino P, Varo R, Castillo P, Hurtado JC, Fernandes F, Valente AM, Mabunda R, Mocumbi S, Gary JM, Jenkinson TG, Mandomando I, Blau DM, Breiman RF, Bassat Q. Sneathia amnii and Maternal Chorioamnionitis and Stillbirth, Mozambique. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 25:1614-1616. [PMID: 31310211 PMCID: PMC6649333 DOI: 10.3201/eid2508.190526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a case of Sneathia amnii as the causative agent of maternal chorioamnionitis and congenital pneumonia resulting in a late fetal death in Mozambique, with strong supportive postmortem molecular and histopathologic confirmation. This rare, fastidious gram-negative coccobacillus has been reported to infrequently cause abortions, stillbirths, and neonatal infections.
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9
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Hou H, Chen Z, Tian L, Sun Z. Leptotrichia trevisanii bacteremia in a woman with systemic lupus erythematosus receiving high-dose chemotherapy. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:661. [PMID: 30547754 PMCID: PMC6295021 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3495-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leptotrichia species are aerotolerant, Gram-negative fusiform bacteria. Cases of bacteremia caused by Leptotrichia trevisanii in immunocompromised patients have been rarely reported. Case presentation A 33-year-old female with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was admitted to the department of rheumatology with bleeding from a mucosal ulcer. One month previously, she had visited our hospital and begun to receive methotrexate therapy, but mis-dosed for nearly 1 month at home. Methotrexate toxicity resulted in a severe oral ulcer and bone marrow suppression. On day-7 of hospital admission, she developed a fever, and Gram-negative rods (Leptotrichia trevisanii) were detected in blood cultures. She was diagnosed with methotrexate poisoning followed by L. trevisanii bacteremia. After antibiotic and detoxification therapy, she recovered from bacteremia, and the oral ulcer and bone-marrow suppression improved obviously. Conclusions This is the first reported case of Leptotrichia trevisanii bacteremia in a SLE patient who took mis-dosed an immunosuppressant and had an oral mucosal lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Hou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Road 1095#, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhongju Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Road 1095#, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Road 1095#, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ziyong Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Road 1095#, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Masschaele T, Steyaert S, Goethals R. Leptrotrichia Amnionii, an emerging pathogen of postpartum endometritis. Acta Clin Belg 2018; 73:368-371. [PMID: 29078736 DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2017.1392090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Leptotrichia amnionii, a recently described fastidious gram-negative anaerobic bacterium, is an opportunistic pathogen of the female urogenital tract. We report a rare case of L. amnionii bacteremia in a patient with postpartum endometritis which was successfully treated by amoxicilline-clavunalate. There is more and more evidence that L. amnonii has its role in Pelvic Inflammatory Disease and postpartum endometritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sophia Steyaert
- Clinical Biology Department, Maria Middelares, Ghent, Belgium
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High Prevalence of Leptotrichia amnionii, Atopobium vaginae, Sneathia sanguinegens, and Factor 1 Microbes and Association of Spontaneous Abortion among Korean Women. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:5435089. [PMID: 29479540 PMCID: PMC5745682 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5435089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective. The purpose of this study was to (i) determine the cervical microbial composition in different abortion samples and to (ii) investigate the correlation between spontaneous abortion and cervical microbes in Korean women. Methods. We collected cervical swabs from women who had never undergone abortion (N = 36), had spontaneous abortion (N = 23), and had undergone induced abortion (N = 88) and subjected those samples to 16S rRNA pyrosequencing. Further, factor analysis and correlation between cervical microbiota and spontaneous abortion were evaluated by logistic regression analysis. Results. In spontaneous abortion women, 16 S rRNA gene sequences showed significant increases in Atopobium vaginae, Megasphaera spp., Gardnerella vaginalis, Leptotrichia amnionii, and Sneathia sanguinegens compared to women in nonabortion group. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, A. vaginae (OD = 11.27; 95% = 1.57–81), L. amnionii (OD = 11.47; 95% = 1.22–107.94), S. sanguinegens (OD = 6.89; 95% = 1.07–44.33), and factor 1 microbes (OD = 16.4; 95% = 1.88–42.5) were strongly associated with spontaneous abortion. Conclusions. This study showed a high prevalence of L. amnionii, A. vaginae, S. sanguinegens, and factor 1 microbes in spontaneous abortion and association with spontaneous abortion in Korean women.
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Fontanals D, García-Miralles C, Ballester R, Cochs B, Orellana R, Capilla S. Chorioamnionitis due to Leptotrichia trevisanii. Anaerobe 2017; 49:18-20. [PMID: 29155162 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Very long fusiform gram-negative bacilli were observed after Gram staining of amniotic fluid from a 36-year-old multigravida woman. At 24 hours, pure, abundant growth of smooth, gray, only slightly convex catalase-positive and oxidase-negative colonies measuring about 2 mm were observed. Growth was greater in anaerobic than in aerobic conditions. The bacterium was identified as Leptotrichia trevisanii by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. Ampicillin and gentamicin were prescribed for chorioamnionitis, and vaginal prostaglandins were administered to terminate the pregnancy. The patient remained afebrile throughout 48 hours and was discharged. Microscopic examination of the placenta revealed severe acute chorioamnionitis with a maternal inflammatory response and abundant bacillary-shaped microorganisms. To our knowledge, this isolate constitutes the first reported case of chorioamnionitis caused by L. trevisanii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionisia Fontanals
- Laboratori de Microbiologia, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain.
| | - Carlos García-Miralles
- Laboratori de Microbiologia, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Rosa Ballester
- Servei de Patologia, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Belen Cochs
- Servei de Ginecologia i Obstetricia, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Ruth Orellana
- Servei de Patologia, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Sílvia Capilla
- Laboratori de Microbiologia, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
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Yazici C, Wolf PG, Kim H, Cross TWL, Vermillion K, Carroll T, Augustus GJ, Mutlu E, Tussing-Humphreys L, Braunschweig C, Xicola RM, Jung B, Llor X, Ellis NA, Gaskins HR. Race-dependent association of sulfidogenic bacteria with colorectal cancer. Gut 2017; 66:1983-1994. [PMID: 28153960 PMCID: PMC5575988 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence is higher in African Americans (AAs) compared with non-Hispanic whites (NHWs). A diet high in animal protein and fat is an environmental risk factor for CRC development. The intestinal microbiota is postulated to modulate the effects of diet in promoting or preventing CRC. Hydrogen sulfide, produced by autochthonous sulfidogenic bacteria, triggers proinflammatory pathways and hyperproliferation, and is genotoxic. We hypothesised that sulfidogenic bacterial abundance in colonic mucosa may be an environmental CRC risk factor that distinguishes AA and NHW. DESIGN Colonic biopsies from uninvolved or healthy mucosa from CRC cases and tumour-free controls were collected prospectively from five medical centres in Chicago for association studies. Sulfidogenic bacterial abundance in uninvolved colonic mucosa of AA and NHW CRC cases was compared with normal mucosa of AA and NHW controls. In addition, 16S rDNA sequencing was performed in AA cases and controls. Correlations were examined among bacterial targets, race, disease status and dietary intake. RESULTS AAs harboured a greater abundance of sulfidogenic bacteria compared with NHWs regardless of disease status. Bilophila wadsworthia-specific dsrA was more abundant in AA cases than controls. Linear discriminant analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed five sulfidogenic genera that were more abundant in AA cases. Fat and protein intake and daily servings of meat were significantly higher in AAs compared with NHWs, and multiple dietary components correlated with a higher abundance of sulfidogenic bacteria. CONCLUSIONS These results implicate sulfidogenic bacteria as a potential environmental risk factor contributing to CRC development in AAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemal Yazici
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Patricia G Wolf
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Hajwa Kim
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tzu-Wen L Cross
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Karin Vermillion
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Timothy Carroll
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gaius J Augustus
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Ece Mutlu
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lisa Tussing-Humphreys
- Division of Academic Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Carol Braunschweig
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rosa M Xicola
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Barbara Jung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xavier Llor
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nathan A Ellis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - H Rex Gaskins
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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Eid HM, Wright ML, Anil Kumar NV, Qawasmeh A, Hassan STS, Mocan A, Nabavi SM, Rastrelli L, Atanasov AG, Haddad PS. Significance of Microbiota in Obesity and Metabolic Diseases and the Modulatory Potential by Medicinal Plant and Food Ingredients. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:387. [PMID: 28713266 PMCID: PMC5493053 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of three or more metabolic disorders including insulin resistance, obesity, and hyperlipidemia. Obesity has become the epidemic of the twenty-first century with more than 1.6 billion overweight adults. Due to the strong connection between obesity and type 2 diabetes, obesity has received wide attention with subsequent coining of the term "diabesity." Recent studies have identified unique contributions of the immensely diverse gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes. Several mechanisms have been proposed including altered glucose and fatty acid metabolism, hepatic fatty acid storage, and modulation of glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1. Importantly, the relationship between unhealthy diet and a modified gut microbiota composition observed in diabetic or obese subjects has been recognized. Similarly, the role of diet rich in polyphenols and plant polysaccharides in modulating gut bacteria and its impact on diabetes and obesity have been the subject of investigation by several research groups. Gut microbiota are also responsible for the extensive metabolism of polyphenols thus modulating their biological activities. The aim of this review is to shed light on the composition of gut microbes, their health importance and how they can contribute to diseases as well as their modulation by polyphenols and polysaccharides to control obesity and diabetes. In addition, the role of microbiota in improving the oral bioavailability of polyphenols and hence in shaping their antidiabetic and antiobesity activities will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda M. Eid
- Natural Health Products and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research Team in Aboriginal Antidiabetic MedicinesMontréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Beni-SuefBeni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Michelle L. Wright
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory UniversityAtlanta, GA, United States
| | - N. V. Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal UniversityManipal, India
| | | | - Sherif T. S. Hassan
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences BrnoBrno, Czechia
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and PharmacyCluj-Napoca, Romania
- ICHAT and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary MedicineCluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Seyed M. Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehran, Iran
| | - Luca Rastrelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of SalernoFisciano, Italy
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of SciencesJastrzebiec, Poland
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Pierre S. Haddad
- Natural Health Products and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research Team in Aboriginal Antidiabetic MedicinesMontréal, QC, Canada
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15
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Pandya S, Ravi K, Srinivas V, Jadhav S, Khan A, Arun A, Riley LW, Madhivanan P. Comparison of culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods for characterization of vaginal microflora. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:149-153. [PMID: 28260585 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To date, molecular methods that circumvent the limitations of traditional culture methods have not been used to describe the vaginal microflora in India. Here, we compared culture and culture-independent molecular methods in characterizing the vaginal microbiota in Indian women. METHODOLOGY Culture methods involved traditional cultivation on Rogosa and sheep blood agar, whereas culture-independent methods bypassed a culturing step by performing broadrange 16S rDNA PCR on DNA isolated directly from vaginal swabs. RESULTS A total of 13 women were included in the study, of which five were characterized as healthy, two were bacterial vaginosis intermediate and six were bacterial vaginosis positive according to Nugent scoring. Lactobacillus jensenii was detected most frequently when using culture methods. On the other hand, Lactobacillus iners, which was not detected by culture methods, was the most common Lactobacillus sp. detected using cultivation-independent methods. CONCLUSION We found little overlap between the species found using cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independent methods. Rather, culture-dependent and culture-independent methods were found to be complementary in describing the vaginal microflora among South Indian women. Culture-independent methods were found to be superior in detecting clinically relevant vaginal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirali Pandya
- Public Health Research Institute of India, Mysore, Karnataka, India.,Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kavitha Ravi
- Public Health Research Institute of India, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijaya Srinivas
- Public Health Research Institute of India, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Smitha Jadhav
- Public Health Research Institute of India, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Anisa Khan
- Public Health Research Institute of India, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Anjali Arun
- Public Health Research Institute of India, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Lee W Riley
- College of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Purnima Madhivanan
- Public Health Research Institute of India, Mysore, Karnataka, India.,Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
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16
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Mitra A, MacIntyre DA, Marchesi JR, Lee YS, Bennett PR, Kyrgiou M. The vaginal microbiota, human papillomavirus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: what do we know and where are we going next? MICROBIOME 2016; 4:58. [PMID: 27802830 PMCID: PMC5088670 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-016-0203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The vaginal microbiota plays a significant role in health and disease of the female reproductive tract. Next-generation sequencing techniques based upon the analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA genes permit in-depth study of vaginal microbial community structure to a level of detail not possible with standard culture-based microbiological techniques. The human papillomavirus (HPV) causes both cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer. Although the virus is highly prevalent, only a small number of women have a persistent HPV infection and subsequently develop clinically significant disease. There is emerging evidence which leads us to conclude that increased diversity of vaginal microbiota combined with reduced relative abundance of Lactobacillus spp. is involved in HPV acquisition and persistence and the development of cervical precancer and cancer. In this review, we summarise the current literature and discuss potential mechanisms for the involvement of vaginal microbiota in the evolution of CIN and cervical cancer. The concept of manipulation of vaginal bacterial communities using pre- and probiotics is also discussed as an exciting prospect for the field of cervical pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Mitra
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, W120NN, London, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea-Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - David A MacIntyre
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, W120NN, London, UK.
| | - Julian R Marchesi
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Division of Digestive Diseases, St. Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, South Wharf Road, London, UK
- Centre for Digestive and Gut Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yun S Lee
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, W120NN, London, UK
| | - Phillip R Bennett
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, W120NN, London, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea-Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Maria Kyrgiou
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, W120NN, London, UK.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea-Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
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17
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You YA, Son GH, Kwon EJ, Park MH, Lee KY, Kim YJ. New insight into the analysis of amniotic fluid microflora using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. JMM Case Rep 2016. [DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.005021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ah You
- Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 158-710, Korea
| | - Ga-Hyun Son
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jin Kwon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 158-710, Korea
| | - Mi Hye Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 158-710, Korea
| | - Keun-Young Lee
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ju Kim
- Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 158-710, Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 158-710, Korea
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18
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Liu S, Zhao L, Zhai Z, Zhao W, Ding J, Dai R, Sun T, Meng H. Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection Induced the Unbalance of Gut Microbiota in Piglets. Curr Microbiol 2015; 71:643-9. [PMID: 26319658 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-015-0895-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a devastating disease in livestock industry. Most of the previous studies related to the PED were focused on the pathology and etiology of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). A little was known regarding the status of gut microbiota after piglets infected by PEDV. In this study, aided by metagenome sequencing technology, gut microbiota profiles in feces of viral diarrhea (VD) and viral control (VC) piglets were investigated. The results showed that the abundance of four dominant phyla (Fusobacteria, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Proteobacteria) in feces was affected greatly by porcine epidemic diarrhea. Especially, the abundance of Fusobacteria was higher in VD piglets (36%) than in VC piglets (5%). On the contrary, the Verrucomicrobia was detected in lower distribution proportion in VD piglets (around 0%) than in VC piglets (20%). Furthermore, 25 genera were significantly different between VC and VD piglets at the genus level. Among the 25 genera, Leptotrichia belonging to Fusobacteria was remarkably lower in VC piglets than in VD piglets. Akkermansia belonging to Verrucomicrobia was higher in VC piglets than in VD piglets. Our findings implicated that the gut microbiota associated with PED significantly provided an insight into the pathology and physiology of PED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Lele Zhao
- Shanghai Animal Disease Control Center, Shanghai, 201103, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengxiao Zhai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinmei Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Ronghua Dai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - He Meng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
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Smid MC, Dotters-Katz SK, Plongla R, Boggess KA. Leptotrichia Buccalis: A Novel Cause of Chorioamnionitis. Infect Dis Rep 2015; 7:5801. [PMID: 26294950 PMCID: PMC4508535 DOI: 10.4081/idr.2015.5801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Intra-amniotic Leptotrichia buccalis has not been previously associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. We report a case of chorioamnionitis and pregnancy loss associated with this primarily oral commensal. We review Leptotrichia buccalis and other oral commensals that have been identified in cases of intraamniotic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela C Smid
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sarah K Dotters-Katz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rongpong Plongla
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, NC, USA ; Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital , Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kim A Boggess
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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20
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Africa CWJ, Nel J, Stemmet M. Anaerobes and bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy: virulence factors contributing to vaginal colonisation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:6979-7000. [PMID: 25014248 PMCID: PMC4113856 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110706979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aetiology and pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis (BV) is unclear but it appears to be associated with factors that disrupt the normal acidity of the vagina thus altering the equilibrium between the normal vaginal microbiota. BV has serious implications for female morbidity, including reports of pelvic inflammatory disease, adverse pregnancy outcomes, increased susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections and infertility. This paper reviewed new available information regarding possible factors contributing to the establishment of the BV vaginal biofilm, examined the proposed role of anaerobic microbial species recently detected by new culture-independent methods and discusses developments related to the effects of BV on human pregnancy. The literature search included Pubmed (NLM), LISTA (EBSCO), and Web of Science. Because of the complexity and diversity of population groups, diagnosis and methodology used, no meta-analysis was performed. Several anaerobic microbial species previously missed in the laboratory diagnosis of BV have been revealed while taking cognisance of newly proposed theories of infection, thereby improving our understanding and knowledge of the complex aetiology and pathogenesis of BV and its perceived role in adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene W J Africa
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Janske Nel
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Megan Stemmet
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa.
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21
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Schrimsher JM, McGuirk JP, Hinthorn DR. Leptotrichia trevisanii sepsis after bone marrow transplantation. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 19:1690-1. [PMID: 24047561 PMCID: PMC3810729 DOI: 10.3201/eid1910.121048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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22
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‘Leptotrichia amnionii’, a newly reported cause of early onset neonatal meningitis. J Med Microbiol 2013; 62:785-788. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.051870-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
‘Leptotrichia amnionii’ is an underestimated fastidious inhabitant of the vaginal flora that can cause upper genital tract infections when predisposing factors are present. We describe here what is believed to be the first reported case of early onset meningitis due to ‘L. amnionii’ in a neonate with intrauterine growth retardation. The outcome was favourable after cefotaxime treatment.
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23
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Two cases of bacteremia caused by Leptotrichia trevisanii in patients with febrile neutropenia. J Infect Chemother 2013; 19:1181-4. [PMID: 23584842 DOI: 10.1007/s10156-013-0596-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We present two cases of bacteremia caused by Leptotrichia trevisanii: a 12-year-old girl with recurrent myeloid leukemia of the mandible and a 66-year-old man with esophageal carcinoma. As this filamentous bacillus showed indefinite Gram staining and the identification based on biochemical enzymatic reactions was not definitive, identification required 16s rRNA analysis. For this organism, drug sensitivity testing showed susceptiblity to each β-lactam antibiotics and clindamycin, but resistance to fluoroquinolone and erythromycin. This filamentous bacillus needs careful identification and appropriate antibiotic treatment.
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24
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Kumagai J, Takiguchi Y, Shono K, Suruga Y, Akiba Y, Yamamoto K, Terano T. Acute myelogenous leukemia with Leptotrichia trevisanii bacteremia. Intern Med 2013; 52:2573-6. [PMID: 24240799 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.52.9580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 74-year-old woman visited an otolaryngology clinic with pharyngeal pain, and was diagnosed with a peritonsillar abscess. She received antibiotics and underwent incisional drainage, but displayed high white blood cell and blast cell counts, and was referred to our hospital. Gram-negative rods (Leptotrichia trevisanii) were detected in blood cultures performed on admission. She was diagnosed with bacteremia and acute myelogenous leukemia (FAB classification: M1). After antibiotic therapy, she temporarily recovered from the bacteremia, but subsequently died on day 34. Although Leptotrichia trevisanii bacteremia is extremely rare, clinicians should consider it in cases involving immunocompromised patients with oral lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kumagai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chiba Aoba Municipal Hospital, Japan
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25
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Harwich MD, Serrano MG, Fettweis JM, Alves JMP, Reimers MA, Buck GA, Jefferson KK. Genomic sequence analysis and characterization of Sneathia amnii sp. nov. BMC Genomics 2012; 13 Suppl 8:S4. [PMID: 23281612 PMCID: PMC3535699 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-s8-s4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacteria of the genus Sneathia are emerging as potential pathogens of the female reproductive tract. Species of Sneathia, which were formerly grouped with Leptotrichia, can be part of the normal microbiota of the genitourinary tracts of men and women, but they are also associated with a variety of clinical conditions including bacterial vaginosis, preeclampsia, preterm labor, spontaneous abortion, post-partum bacteremia and other invasive infections. Sneathia species also exhibit a significant correlation with sexually transmitted diseases and cervical cancer. Because Sneathia species are fastidious and rarely cultured successfully in vitro; and the genomes of members of the genus had until now not been characterized, very little is known about the physiology or the virulence of these organisms. RESULTS Here, we describe a novel species, Sneathia amnii sp. nov, which closely resembles bacteria previously designated "Leptotrichia amnionii". As part of the Vaginal Human Microbiome Project at VCU, a vaginal isolate of S. amnii sp. nov. was identified, successfully cultured and bacteriologically cloned. The biochemical characteristics and virulence properties of the organism were examined in vitro, and the genome of the organism was sequenced, annotated and analyzed. The analysis revealed a reduced circular genome of ~1.34 Mbp, containing ~1,282 protein-coding genes. Metabolic reconstruction of the bacterium reflected its biochemical phenotype, and several genes potentially associated with pathogenicity were identified. CONCLUSIONS Bacteria with complex growth requirements frequently remain poorly characterized and, as a consequence, their roles in health and disease are unclear. Elucidation of the physiology and identification of genes putatively involved in the metabolism and virulence of S. amnii may lead to a better understanding of the role of this potential pathogen in bacterial vaginosis, preterm birth, and other issues associated with vaginal and reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Harwich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1101 E. Marshall Street - PO Box 980678, Richmond, VA 23298-0678, USA
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Bouvet P, Grégory A, Bellon L, Marmouset C. [Fetal Leptotrichia goodfellowii bacteremia]. Med Mal Infect 2012; 42:174-5. [PMID: 22465058 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Jones V, Wilks M, Johnson G, Warwick S, Hennessey E, Kempley S, Millar M. The use of molecular techniques for bacterial detection in the analysis of gastric aspirates collected from infants on the first day of life. Early Hum Dev 2010; 86:167-70. [PMID: 20223606 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2009.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Revised: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Prospective service evaluation of the utility of molecular methods to analyse neonatal gastric aspirate specimens in a single neonatal unit and associated maternity unit. 43 newborn infants investigated for sepsis with median gestational age of 39 weeks (range 31-41 weeks) and median birth weight 3050 grams (range 1250-4220 g). Gastric aspirates routinely collected within 12h of birth were analysed using conventional and molecular methods for bacterial detection, bacterial DNA load and sequencing to identified bacterial species. RESULTS Bacterial DNA loads varied from 0.03 to 1736 pg/microl of DNA extract (1 microl of DNA extract equivalent to 4 microl gastric aspirate). Bacteria were identified in 30/43 (70%) of samples by molecular methods and 10/43 (23.3%) of samples by culture. Cultures were only positive when the bacterial DNA exceeded 4.5 pg/microl of extract. Infants with prolonged rupture of membranes (>24h prior to delivery) had a DNA load on average 23 times higher than those without (95%CI 3.7 to 141; p=0.001). Additional bacteria detected by molecular methods included many species that are fastidious and potentially pathogenic including Leptotrichia spp., Serratia spp., Ureaplasma spp., Veillonella spp., Haemophilus influenzae and Group B Streptococcus. Due to a low rate of adverse outcomes it was not possible to correlate bacterial identifications or DNA load with infant outcome. CONCLUSIONS Molecular methods can identify bacteria from a greater proportion of gastric aspirate specimens that conventional culture. Further work is required to establish whether this information can be used to improve infant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Jones
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, The North Middlesex Hospital, London, England.
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Srinivasan U, Misra D, Marazita ML, Foxman B. Vaginal and oral microbes, host genotype and preterm birth. Med Hypotheses 2009; 73:963-75. [PMID: 19942083 PMCID: PMC4026093 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Revised: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) is a leading cause of infant mortality and morbidity in the US and across the globe. Infection and associated inflammation are important initiators for PTB pathways; an estimated 40% of PTBs are attributed to amniochorionic-decidual or systemic inflammation. Historically, intrauterine infections have been implicated in PTB; recent evidence suggests that infections remote from the fetal site may also be causative. There is strong epidemiological evidence that bacterial vaginosis and periodontitis--two syndromes characterized by perturbations in the normal vaginal and oral bacterial microflora, respectively--are linked to infection-associated PTB. Oral and vaginal environments are similar in their bacterial microbiology; identical bacterial species have been independently isolated in periodontitis and bacterial vaginosis. Periodontitis and bacterial vaginosis also share many behavioral and sociodemographic risk factors suggesting a possible common pathophysiology. Genetic polymorphisms in host inflammatory responses to infection are shared between bacterial vaginosis, periodontitis and PTB, suggesting common mechanisms through which host genotype modify the effect of abnormal bacterial colonization on preterm birth. We review the state of knowledge regarding the risk of PTB attributable to perturbations in bacterial flora in oral and vaginal sites and the role of host genetics in modifying the risk of infection-related PTB. We posit that bacterial species that are common in perturbed vaginal and oral sites are associated with PTB through their interaction with the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Srinivasan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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García-Sánchez JE, José Fresnadillo M, García-Sánchez E. [New anaerobic bacterial species in human infections]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2009; 28:173-84. [PMID: 19477040 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2008.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Revised: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This review offers succinct, precise, and complete information based on the available data concerning new anaerobic bacterial species involved in infectious diseases in humans. All hitherto undescribed species, those not previously implicated in clinical conditions, those with confirmed implication in human disease that have not been characterized, and those that have undergone taxonomic changes are considered to be "new".
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Woo P, Lau S, Teng J, Tse H, Yuen KY. Then and now: use of 16S rDNA gene sequencing for bacterial identification and discovery of novel bacteria in clinical microbiology laboratories. Clin Microbiol Infect 2008; 14:908-34. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02070.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 524] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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DiGiulio DB, Romero R, Amogan HP, Kusanovic JP, Bik EM, Gotsch F, Kim CJ, Erez O, Edwin S, Relman DA. Microbial prevalence, diversity and abundance in amniotic fluid during preterm labor: a molecular and culture-based investigation. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3056. [PMID: 18725970 PMCID: PMC2516597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 523] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preterm delivery causes substantial neonatal mortality and morbidity. Unrecognized intra-amniotic infections caused by cultivation-resistant microbes may play a role. Molecular methods can detect, characterize and quantify microbes independently of traditional culture techniques. However, molecular studies that define the diversity and abundance of microbes invading the amniotic cavity, and evaluate their clinical significance within a causal framework, are lacking. Methods and Findings In parallel with culture, we used broad-range end-point and real-time PCR assays to amplify, identify and quantify ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of bacteria, fungi and archaea from amniotic fluid of 166 women in preterm labor with intact membranes. We sequenced up to 24 rRNA clones per positive specimen and assigned taxonomic designations to approximately the species level. Microbial prevalence, diversity and abundance were correlated with host inflammation and with gestational and neonatal outcomes. Study subjects who delivered at term served as controls. The combined use of molecular and culture methods revealed a greater prevalence (15% of subjects) and diversity (18 taxa) of microbes in amniotic fluid than did culture alone (9.6% of subjects; 11 taxa). The taxa detected only by PCR included a related group of fastidious bacteria, comprised of Sneathia sanguinegens, Leptotrichia amnionii and an unassigned, uncultivated, and previously-uncharacterized bacterium; one or more members of this group were detected in 25% of positive specimens. A positive PCR was associated with histologic chorioamnionitis (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 20; 95% CI, 2.4 to 172), and funisitis (adjusted OR 18; 95% CI, 3.1 to 99). The positive predictive value of PCR for preterm delivery was 100 percent. A temporal association between a positive PCR and delivery was supported by a shortened amniocentesis-to-delivery interval (adjusted hazard ratio 4.6; 95% CI, 2.2 to 9.5). A dose-response association was demonstrated between bacterial rDNA abundance and gestational age at delivery (r2 = 0.42; P<0.002). Conclusions The amniotic cavity of women in preterm labor harbors DNA from a greater diversity of microbes than previously suspected, including as-yet uncultivated, previously-uncharacterized taxa. The strength, temporality and gradient with which these microbial sequence types are associated with preterm delivery support a causal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B. DiGiulio
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Harold P. Amogan
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Juan Pedro Kusanovic
- Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Elisabeth M. Bik
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Francesca Gotsch
- Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Chong Jai Kim
- Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Offer Erez
- Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sam Edwin
- Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - David A. Relman
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Eribe ERK, Olsen I. Leptotrichia species in human infections. Anaerobe 2008; 14:131-7. [PMID: 18539056 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2008.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Leptotrichia species typically colonize the oral cavity and genitourinary tract. These anaerobic bacteria belong to the normal flora of humans and are seldom found in clinically significant specimens. However, on rare occasions, Leptotrichia has been isolated from blood cultures of patients with lesions in the oral mucosa, in particular from patients with neutropenia. These organisms should be considered potential pathogens in neutropenic patients, especially when breaks in the mucosal barriers are present through which they frequently spread to the bloodstream. Leptotrichia has also been recovered from immunocompetent persons, e.g. patients with endocarditis. Although their role in infections remains elusive and not much is known, they have been suggested as emerging pathogens. The present review deals with taxonomy, diagnosis, clinical importance, pathogenesis, host defence, infection control, and spectrum of Leptotrichia infections, and ends with a few typical case reports. Currently, six species have been validly published, but a number of yet uncultivable species exist. Molecular methods recovering uncultivable species should be used to get a real idea of their role as pathogens.
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