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McClure CP, Kean K, Reid K, Mayne R, Fu MX, Rajendra P, Gates S, Breuer J, Harvala H, Golubchik T, Tarr AW, Irving WL, Makris M, Simmonds P. Reconstruction of the historic time course of blood-borne virus contamination of clotting factor concentrates, 1974-1992. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29774. [PMID: 38953434 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Factor VIII and IX clotting factor concentrates manufactured from pooled plasma have been identified as potent sources of virus infection in persons with hemophilia (PWHs) in the 1970s and 1980s. To investigate the range and diversity of viruses over this period, we analysed 24 clotting factor concentrates for several blood-borne viruses. Nucleic acid was extracted from 14 commercially produced clotting factors and 10 from nonremunerated donors, preserved in lyophilized form (expiry dates: 1974-1992). Clotting factors were tested by commercial and in-house quantitative PCRs for blood-borne viruses hepatitis A, B, C and E viruses (HAV, HBV, HCV, HEV), HIV- types 1/2, parvoviruses B19V and PARV4, and human pegiviruses types 1 and 2 (HPgV-1,-2). HCV and HPgV-1 were the most frequently detected viruses (both 14/24 tested) primarily in commercial clotting factors, with frequently extremely high viral loads in the late 1970s-1985 and a diverse range of HCV genotypes. Detection frequencies sharply declined following introduction of virus inactivation. HIV-1, HBV, and HAV were less frequently detected (3/24, 1/24, and 1/24 respectively); none were positive for HEV. Contrastingly, B19V and PARV4 were detected throughout the study period, even after introduction of dry heat treatment, consistent with ongoing documented transmission to PWHs into the early 1990s. While hemophilia treatment is now largely based on recombinant factor VIII/IX in the UK and elsewhere, the comprehensive screen of historical plasma-derived clotting factors reveals extensive exposure of PWHs to blood-borne viruses throughout 1970s-early 1990s, and the epidemiological and manufacturing parameters that influenced clotting factor contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Patrick McClure
- Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kai Kean
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kaitlin Reid
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard Mayne
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael X Fu
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Piya Rajendra
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shannah Gates
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Judy Breuer
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Heli Harvala
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Microbiology Services, National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, London, UK
| | - Tanya Golubchik
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Universtiy of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander W Tarr
- Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - William L Irving
- Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Michael Makris
- School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Peter Simmonds
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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2
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Kandathil AJ, Thomas DL. The Blood Virome: A new frontier in biomedical science. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116608. [PMID: 38703502 PMCID: PMC11184943 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in metagenomic testing opened a new window into the mammalian blood virome. Comprised of well-known viruses like human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus, and hepatitis B virus, the virome also includes many other eukaryotic viruses and phages whose medical significance, lifecycle, epidemiology, and impact on human health are less well known and thus regarded as commensals. This review synthesizes available information for the so-called commensal virome members that circulate in the blood of humans considering their restriction to and interaction with the human host, their natural history, and their impact on human health and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham J Kandathil
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David L Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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3
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Ciuoderis KA, Berg MG, Perez LJ, Hadji A, Perez-Restrepo LS, Aristizabal LC, Forberg K, Yamaguchi J, Cardona A, Weiss S, Qiu X, Hernandez-Ortiz JP, Averhoff F, Cloherty GA, Osorio JE. Oropouche virus as an emerging cause of acute febrile illness in Colombia. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:2645-2657. [PMID: 36239235 PMCID: PMC9639516 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2136536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Arbovirus infections are frequent causes of acute febrile illness (AFI) in tropical countries. We conducted health facility-based AFI surveillance at four sites in Colombia (Cucuta, Cali, Villavicencio, Leticia) during 2019-2022. Demographic, clinical and risk factor data were collected from persons with AFI that consented to participate in the study (n = 2,967). Serologic specimens were obtained and tested for multiple pathogens by RT-PCR and rapid test (Antigen/IgM), with 20.7% identified as dengue positive from combined testing. Oropouche virus (OROV) was initially detected in serum by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and virus target capture in a patient from Cúcuta. Three additional infections from Leticia were confirmed by conventional PCR, sequenced, and isolated in tissue culture. Phylogenetic analysis determined there have been at least two independent OROV introductions into Colombia. To assess OROV spread, a RT-qPCR dual-target assay was developed which identified 87/791 (10.9%) viremic cases in AFI specimens from Cali (3/53), Cucuta (3/19), Villavicencio (38/566), and Leticia (43/153). In parallel, an automated anti-nucleocapsid antibody assay detected IgM in 27/503 (5.4%) and IgG in 92/568 (16.2%) patients screened, for which 24/68 (35.3%) of PCR positives had antibodies. Dengue was found primarily in people aged <18 years and linked to several clinical manifestations (weakness, skin rash and petechiae), whereas Oropouche cases were associated with the location, climate phase, and odynophagia symptom. Our results confirm OROV as an emerging pathogen and recommend increased surveillance to determine its burden as a cause of AFI in Colombia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl A. Ciuoderis
- Global Health Institute One-Health Colombia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia,Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Chicago, IL, USA, Karl A Ciuoderis Colombia/Wisconsin One Health Consortium (CWOHC), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, ColombiaAbbott Pandemic Defense Coalition
| | - Michael G. Berg
- Infectious Diseases Research, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA,Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lester J. Perez
- Infectious Diseases Research, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA,Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Abbas Hadji
- Infectious Diseases Research, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA,Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Laura S. Perez-Restrepo
- Global Health Institute One-Health Colombia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia,Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Leidi Carvajal Aristizabal
- Global Health Institute One-Health Colombia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia,Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kenn Forberg
- Infectious Diseases Research, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA,Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Julie Yamaguchi
- Infectious Diseases Research, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA,Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andres Cardona
- Global Health Institute One-Health Colombia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia,Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sonja Weiss
- Infectious Diseases Research, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA,Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiaoxing Qiu
- Infectious Diseases Research, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA,Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Hernandez-Ortiz
- Global Health Institute One-Health Colombia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia,Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Francisco Averhoff
- Infectious Diseases Research, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA,Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gavin A. Cloherty
- Infectious Diseases Research, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA,Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jorge E. Osorio
- Global Health Institute One-Health Colombia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia,Global Health Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA,Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Chicago, IL, USA
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The Second Human Pegivirus, a Non-Pathogenic RNA Virus with Low Prevalence and Minimal Genetic Diversity. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091844. [PMID: 36146649 PMCID: PMC9503178 DOI: 10.3390/v14091844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The second human pegivirus (HPgV-2) is a virus discovered in the plasma of a hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patient in 2015 belonging to the pegiviruses of the family Flaviviridae. HPgV-2 has been proved to be epidemiologically associated with and structurally similar to HCV but unrelated to HCV disease and non-pathogenic, but its natural history and tissue tropism remain unclear. HPgV-2 is a unique RNA virus sharing the features of HCV and the first human pegivirus (HPgV-1 or GBV-C). Moreover, distinct from most RNA viruses such as HCV, HPgV-1 and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HPgV-2 exhibits much lower genomic diversity, with a high global sequence identity ranging from 93.5 to 97.5% and significantly lower intra-host variation than HCV. The mechanisms underlying the conservation of the HPgV-2 genome are not clear but may include efficient innate immune responses, low immune selection pressure and, possibly, the unique features of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP). In this review, we summarize the prevalence, pathogenicity and genetic diversity of HPgV-2 and discuss the possible reasons for the uniformity of its genome sequence, which should elucidate the implications of RNA virus fidelity for attenuated viral vaccines.
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Samadi M, Salimi V, Haghshenas MR, Miri SM, Mohebbi SR, Ghaemi A. Clinical and molecular aspects of human pegiviruses in the interaction host and infectious agent. Virol J 2022; 19:41. [PMID: 35264187 PMCID: PMC8905790 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01769-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human pegivirus 1 (HPgV-1) is a Positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ ssRNA) virus, discovered in 1995 as a Flaviviridae member, and the closest human virus linked to HCV. In comparison to HCV, HPgV-1 seems to be lymphotropic and connected to the viral group that infects T and B lymphocytes. HPgV-1 infection is not persuasively correlated to any known human disease; nevertheless, multiple studies have reported a connection between chronic HPgV-1 infection and improved survival in HPgV-1/HIV co-infected patients with a delayed and favorable impact on HIV infection development. While the process has not been thoroughly clarified, different mechanisms for these observations have been proposed. HPgV-1 is categorized into seven genotypes and various subtypes. Infection with HPgV-1 is relatively common globally. It can be transferred parenterally, sexually, and through vertical ways, and thereby its co-infection with HIV and HCV is common. In most cases, the clearance of HPgV-1 from the body can be achieved by developing E2 antibodies after infection. Main body In this review, we thoroughly discuss the current knowledge and recent advances in understanding distinct epidemiological, molecular, and clinical aspects of HPgV-1. Conclusion Due to the unique characteristics of the HPgV-1, so advanced research on HPgV-1, particularly in light of HIV co-infection and other diseases, should be conducted to explore the essential mechanisms of HIV clearance and other viruses and thereby suggest novel strategies for viral therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Samadi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Molecular and Cell-Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Vahid Salimi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Haghshenas
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular and Cell-Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Miri
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O. Box: 1316943551, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Mohebbi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ghaemi
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O. Box: 1316943551, Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Averhoff F, Berg M, Rodgers M, Osmanov S, Luo X, Anderson M, Meyer T, Landay A, Gamkrelidze A, Kallas EG, Ciuoderis K, Hernandez JP, Henry JH, Osorio J, Lindo J, Deshommes J, Anzinger J, Manasa J, Alkashvili M, Souleyman M, Kaleebu P, Correa-Oliveira R, Solomon S, de Olivera T, Suputtamongkol Y, Cloherty G. The Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition: a unique multisector approach adds to global pandemic preparedness efforts. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 117:356-360. [PMID: 35134559 PMCID: PMC8817457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection and epidemiologic characterization of infectious disease outbreaks are key for early identification and response to potential pandemic threats. The rapid global spread of severe SARS-CoV-2 in 2020 highlighted the critical role of diagnostics in understanding the epidemiology of the virus early in the pandemic. As a natural extension of Abbott's work in diagnostics, virus discovery, and virus surveillance, the Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition (APDC) was launched in early 2021. The APDC is a global multisector scientific and public health partnership whose primary objective is the early detection and mitigation of infectious disease threats of pandemic potential. As of January 2022, the APDC network has partners on 5 continents including academic institutions, governmental, and nongovernmental organizations. A novel element of the APDC is the capacity for early development and rapid deployment of scalable, quality diagnostics targeting newly identified pathogens of pandemic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xinxin Luo
- Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA
| | | | - Todd Meyer
- Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA
| | - Alan Landay
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Karl Ciuoderis
- Colombia Wisconsin One Health, University of Wisconsin & National University of Colombia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Juan Pablo Hernandez
- Colombia Wisconsin One Health, University of Wisconsin & National University of Colombia, Medellin, Colombia
| | | | - Jorge Osorio
- Colombia Wisconsin One Health, University of Wisconsin & National University of Colombia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - John Lindo
- University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | | | | | | | | | - Mboup Souleyman
- Institute for Health Research, Epidemiologic Surveillance and Training (IRESSEF), Dakar, Senegal
| | | | | | - Sunil Solomon
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA & YRG CARE, Chennai, India
| | - Tulio de Olivera
- Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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7
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Plasma virome and the risk of blood-borne infection in persons with substance use disorder. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6909. [PMID: 34824209 PMCID: PMC8617242 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26980-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for innovative methods to reduce transmission of bloodborne pathogens like HIV and HCV among people who inject drugs (PWID). We investigate if PWID who acquire non-pathogenic bloodborne viruses like anelloviruses and pegiviruses might be at greater risk of acquiring a bloodborne pathogen. PWID who later acquire HCV accumulate more non-pathogenic viruses in plasma than matched controls who do not acquire HCV infection. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis of those non-pathogenic virus sequences reveals drug use networks. Here we find first in Baltimore and confirm in San Francisco that the accumulation of non-pathogenic viruses in PWID is a harbinger for subsequent acquisition of pathogenic viruses, knowledge that may guide the prioritization of the public health resources to combat HIV and HCV. Spread of bloodborne infections, such as HCV and HIV, is a problem, particularly amongst people who inject drugs (PWID). Here, the authors describe and then confirm in observational PWID cohorts that those with more non-pathogenic viruses in plasma were more likely later to acquire HCV than PWID who had fewer of these non-pathogenic viruses.
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8
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Liang Y, Hu F, Fan H, Li L, Wan Z, Wang H, Shui J, Zhou Y, Tong Y, Cai W, Tang S. Difference of Intrahost Dynamics of the Second Human Pegivirus and Hepatitis C Virus in HPgV-2/HCV-Coinfected Patients. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:728415. [PMID: 34466405 PMCID: PMC8403064 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.728415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The second human pegivirus (HPgV-2) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) belong to the Flaviviridae family and share some common genome features. However, the two viruses exhibit significantly different genetic diversity. The comparison of intrahost dynamics of HPgV-2 and HCV that mainly reflect virus-host interactions is needed to elucidate their intrahost difference of genetic diversity and the possible mechanisms. Methods Intrahost single nucleotide variations (iSNVs) were identified by means of next-generation sequencing from both cross-sectional and longitudinal samples from HPgV-2- and HCV-coinfected patients. The levels of human cytokines were quantified in the patient before and after HCV elimination by the treatment of direct-acting antivirals (DAA). Results Unlike HCV, the viral sequences of HPgV-2 are highly conserved among HPgV-2-infected patients. However, iSNV analysis confirmed the intrahost variation or quasispecies of HPgV-2. Almost all iSNVs of HPgV-2 did not accumulate or transmit within host over time, which may explain the highly conserved HPgV-2 consensus sequence. Intrahost variation of HPgV-2 mainly causes nucleotide transition in particular at the 3rd codon position and synonymous substitutions, indicating purifying or negative selection posed by host immune system. Cytokine data further indicate that HPgV-2 infection alone may not efficiently stimulate innate immune responses since proinflammatory cytokine expression dramatically decreased with elimination of HCV. Conclusion This study provided new insights into the intrahost genomic variations and evolutionary dynamics of HPgV-2 as well as the impact of host immune selection and virus polymerase on virus evolution. The different genetic diversity of HPgV-2 and HCV makes HPgV-2 a potential new model to investigate RNA virus diversity and the mechanism of viral polymerase in modulating virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengyu Hu
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Linghua Li
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengwei Wan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingwei Shui
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanping Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yigang Tong
- School of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Weiping Cai
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shixing Tang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
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9
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Coller KE, Bruce V, Cassidy M, Gersch J, Frankel MB, Vallari A, Cloherty G, Hackett J, Evans JL, Page K, Dawson GJ. Chronic Human Pegivirus 2 without Hepatitis C Virus Co-infection. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 26:265-272. [PMID: 31961294 PMCID: PMC6986836 DOI: 10.3201/eid2602.190434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Most human pegivirus 2 (HPgV-2) infections are associated with past or current hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. HPgV-2 is thought to be a bloodborne virus: higher prevalence of active infection has been found in populations with a history of parenteral exposure to viruses. We evaluated longitudinally collected blood samples obtained from injection drug users (IDUs) for active and resolved HPgV-2 infections using a combination of HPgV-2–specific molecular and serologic tests. We found evidence of HPgV-2 infection in 11.2% (22/197) of past or current HCV-infected IDUs, compared with 1.9% (4/205) of an HCV-negative IDU population. Testing of available longitudinal blood samples from HPgV-2–positive participants identified 5 with chronic infection (>6 months viremia in >3 timepoints); 2 were identified among the HCV-positive IDUs and 3 among the HCV-negative IDUs. Our findings indicate that HPgV-2 can establish chronic infection and replicate in the absence of HCV.
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10
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Beyond Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus: a Review of Viruses Composing the Blood Virome of Solid Organ Transplant and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients. Clin Microbiol Rev 2020; 33:33/4/e00027-20. [PMID: 32847820 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00027-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral primary infections and reactivations are common complications in patients after solid organ transplantation (SOT) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Among these patients, viral infections are frequently associated with viremia. Beyond the usual well-known viruses that are part of the routine clinical management of transplant recipients, numerous other viral signatures or genomes can be identified in the blood of these patients. The identification of novel viral species and variants by metagenomic next-generation sequencing has opened up a new field of investigation and new paradigms. Thus, there is a need to thoroughly describe the state of knowledge in this field with a review of all viral infections that should be scrutinized in high-risk populations. Here, we review the eukaryotic DNA and RNA viruses identified in blood, plasma, or serum samples of pediatric and adult SOT/HSCT recipients and the prevalence of their detection, with a particular focus on recently identified viruses and those for which their potential association with disease remains to be investigated, such as members of the Polyomaviridae, Anelloviridae, Flaviviridae, and Astroviridae families. Current knowledge of the clinical significance of these viral infections with associated viremia among transplant recipients is also discussed. To ensure a comprehensive description in these two populations, individuals described as healthy (mostly blood donors) are considered for comparative purposes. The list of viruses that should be on the clinicians' radar is certainly incomplete and will expand, but the challenge is to identify those of possible clinical significance.
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11
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Impact of Blood Transfusion on the Prevalence of HHpgV-1, HPgV-1, and B19V Among Iranian HCV-infected Patients With Hemophilia. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2020; 42:e213-e218. [PMID: 31972722 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000001717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Blood-derived products from patient with hemophilia treated by factor VIII concentrates are potential sources of transfusion-transmitted infections, including human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis, human pegivirus-1 (HPgV-1), B19 virus, and also human hepegivirus-1 (HHpgV-1). In the current study, we investigated the impact of blood transfusion on the prevalence of HHpgV-1, HPgV-1, and B19 virus in plasma of Iranian patient with hemophilia after direct-acting antiviral treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections for the first time. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 170 patients with hemophilia who received direct-acting antivirals were enrolled in this study. Among them, 92 patients had a history of blood transfusion. The presence of HHpgV-1, HPgV-1, and B19 virus was detected by nested polymerase chain reaction analysis using the conserved primers. The plasmids harboring 5'-UTR and NS3 were used as positive controls for HPgV-1 and HHpgV-1, respectively. RESULTS Our data identified 3 individuals with HHpgV-1 viremia (1.76%), 11 individuals with HPgV-1 viremia (6.47%), and 33 individuals with B19 viremia (19.4%). All patients were negative for hepatitis B virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and HCV infections. These findings indicated lower transmissibility or higher rates of virus clearance for HHpgV-1, HPgV-1, and B19 virus as compared with other bloodborne human flaviviruses such as HCV. However, the prevalence of B19 virus was significantly higher than the other 2 viruses. CONCLUSION In general, these findings showed that the history of blood transfusion could increase the risk of viral transmission of bloodborne viruses among patient with hemophilia.
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12
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Fahsbender E, Charlys da-Costa A, Elise Gill D, Augusto de Padua Milagres F, Brustulin R, Julio Costa Monteiro F, Octavio da Silva Rego M, Soares D’Athaide Ribeiro E, Cerdeira Sabino E, Delwart E. Plasma virome of 781 Brazilians with unexplained symptoms of arbovirus infection include a novel parvovirus and densovirus. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229993. [PMID: 32134963 PMCID: PMC7058308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma from patients with dengue-like symptoms was collected in 2013 to 2016 from the Brazilian states of Tocantins and Amapa. 781 samples testing negative for IgM against Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya viruses and for flaviviruses, alphaviruses and enteroviruses RNA using RT-PCRs were analyzed using viral metagenomics. Viral particles-associated nucleic acids were enriched, randomly amplified, and deep sequenced in 102 mini-pools generating over 2 billion reads. Sequence data was analyzed for the presence of known and novel eukaryotic viral reads. Anelloviruses were detected in 80%, human pegivirus 1 in 19%, and parvovirus B19 in 17% of plasma pools. HIV and enteroviruses were detected in two pools each. Previously uncharacterized viral genomes were also identified, and their presence in single plasma samples confirmed by PCR. Chapparvovirus and ambidensovirus genomes, both in the Parvoviridae family, were partially characterized showing 33% and 34% identity in their NS1 sequences to their closest relative. Molecular surveillance using pre-existing plasma from febrile patients provides a readily scalable approach for the detection of novel, potentially emerging, viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Fahsbender
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- UCSF Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Antonio Charlys da-Costa
- School of Medicine & Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Infectious Disease, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle Elise Gill
- School of Medicine & Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Infectious Disease, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavio Augusto de Padua Milagres
- Public Health Laboratory State (LACEN/TO), Secretary of Health of Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil
- Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Rafael Brustulin
- Public Health Laboratory State (LACEN/TO), Secretary of Health of Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil
- Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ester Cerdeira Sabino
- School of Medicine & Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Infectious Disease, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eric Delwart
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- UCSF Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Wan Z, Liu J, Hu F, Shui J, Li L, Wang H, Tang X, Hu C, Liang Y, Zhou Y, Cai W, Tang S. Evidence that the second human pegivirus (HPgV-2) is primarily a lymphotropic virus and can replicate independent of HCV replication. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:485-495. [PMID: 32100631 PMCID: PMC7054972 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1730247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The second human pegivirus HPgV-2 is a novel blood-borne virus that is strongly associated with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, the molecular evidence for their association as well as the natural history and tissue tropism of HPgV-2 remain to be elucidated. In this longitudinal study, a total of 753 patients including 512 HIV-1 and HCV co-infected patients were enrolled to characterize the natural history of HPgV-2 infection. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and liver biopsies were collected to determine the tissue tropism of HPgV-2 using immunohistochemical staining of the HPgV-2 antigen and in situ hybridization of HPgV-2 RNA. We documented both persistent HPgV-2 infection with the presence of HPgV-2 viral RNA and antibodies up to 4.6 years and resolved HPgV-2 infection, accompanied by a simultaneous decline of anti-HPgV-2 antibodies and clearance of HPgV-2 viremia. Furthermore, we observed the clearance of HCV, but not HPgV-2, by treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). Biochemical tests and pathological analyses did not reveal any indication of hepatic impairment caused by HPgV-2. HPgV-2 RNA and nonstructural antigen were detected in the lymphocytes, but not in the hepatocytes present in the liver biopsy samples. In addition, both positive- and negative-strand HPgV-2 RNAs were detected in PBMCs, especially in B cells. The present study is the first to provide evidence that HPgV-2 is a lymphotropic, but not a hepatotropic virus and that HPgV-2 replication is independent of HCV viremia. These new findings let us gain insights into the evolution and persistent infection of RNA viruses in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Wan
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Junwei Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyu Hu
- Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Shui
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghua Li
- Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Tang
- Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengguang Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhao Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanping Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Cai
- Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixing Tang
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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14
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Li T, Tang S, Su Y, Bao Z, Wang X, Liu Y, Li H, Han J, Pei Z, Wan Z, Fan H, Tong Y, Li L, Wang N, Li J. High prevalence and viremia of human pegivirus 2 in the HIV-infected population in Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province. Arch Virol 2020; 165:619-626. [PMID: 31965315 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04512-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Human pegivirus 2 (HPgV-2) is a recently recognized pegivirus of the family Flaviviridae. To investigate the epidemic features of HPgV-2 circulating in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected population, we tested for antibodies and viral RNA of HPgV-2 and hepatitis C virus (HCV) with retrospective plasma samples collected from 771 HIV infections with multiple risk behaviors in Honghe Prefecture of Yunnan Province. A total of 195 subjects (25.29%) were seroreactive to HPgV-2, and 41 (5.32%) were RNA positive. Although the positive rate of HPgV-2 antibodies in HIV/HCV-coinfected individuals (27.69%) was significantly higher than that of HIV monoinfections (20.82%) (p = 0.036), this is the first report of HPgV-2 viremia in HIV-infected individuals without HCV infection and the presence of two HPgV-2 lineages in China. Our data indicate that HPgV-2 can also be transmitted sexually, which might be facilitated when combined with HCV infection, injecting drug use, and risky sexual behavior, which appear to have a synergistic effect on HPgV-2 infection. Phylogenetic analysis of 26 near-full-length genome sequences showed that the HPgV-2 strains in China are divided into two clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Li
- Department of AIDS Research, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Shixing Tang
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Su
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zuoyi Bao
- Department of AIDS Research, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Department of AIDS Research, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Department of AIDS Research, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Hanping Li
- Department of AIDS Research, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jingwan Han
- Department of AIDS Research, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Zhichao Pei
- Department of AIDS Research, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Zhengwei Wan
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hang Fan
- Department of AIDS Research, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yigang Tong
- Department of AIDS Research, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of AIDS Research, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Jingyun Li
- Department of AIDS Research, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China.
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15
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Human pegivirus 2 exhibits minimal geographic and temporal genetic diversity. Virology 2019; 539:69-79. [PMID: 31689572 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We applied an NGS based target capture approach to amplify HPgV-2 sequences from metagenomic libraries and enable full genome characterization. Despite expanded geographical sampling, sequence variability remains low, with diversity concentrated in approximately 3.3% of all amino acids. Serial samples from one HPgV-2 positive individual co-infected with comparable titers of HIV, HCV, and GBV-C showed that HPgV-2 remains highly stable over several weeks compared to other RNA viruses, despite a similarly error-prone polymerase. The consistent epidemiological association with and structural similarities to HCV, and the weak positive correlation of HCV and HPgV-2 titers shown here, suggests it may benefit from co-infection. While minimal selective pressure on HPgV-2 to evolve could suggest fitness, the rarity of HPgV-2 and the tight phylogenetic clustering of global strains likely indicates origination from a common source and a virus that is ill-suited to its host. Sporadic infections may explain the limited genetic diversity observed worldwide.
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16
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Wang H, Wan Z, Xu R, Guan Y, Zhu N, Li J, Xie Z, Lu A, Zhang F, Fu Y, Tang S. A Novel Human Pegivirus, HPgV-2 (HHpgV-1), Is Tightly Associated With Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection and HCV/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Coinfection. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 66:29-35. [PMID: 29020289 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human pegivirus type 2 (HPgV-2) is a novel blood-borne human pegivirus that mainly infects hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected subjects. We have investigated the prevalence of HPgV-2 in China, its association with HCV and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), and the impact on HCV viral load and liver damage. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with both blood donors and HCV- and HIV-1-infected patients in Guangzhou, China. All subjects were screened for anti-HPgV-2 and HPgV-2 RNA. Demographic and clinical information were obtained from electronic medical records. Results We tested 8198 serum or plasma samples. Only 0.15% (6/4017) of healthy blood donors were positive for anti-HPgV-2 and negative for HPgV-2 RNA. No HPgV-2 viremia was detected in hepatitis B virus- or HIV-1-monoinfected individuals. The relatively high frequency of HPgV-2 infection was observed in 1.23% (30/2440) and 0.29% (7/2440) of HCV-infected persons by serological assay and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Furthermore, anti-HPgV-2 and HPgV-2 RNA were detected in 8.91% (18/202) and 3.47% (7/202), respectively, of HCV/HIV-1-coinfected subjects. HPgV-2 persistent infection was documented in about 30% of anti-HPgV-2-positive individuals. In addition, HPgV-2 infection may not affect HCV-related liver injury and HCV viral load. Conclusions Our results indicate the rarity of HPgV-2 infection in the general population and tight association with HCV, in particular with HCV/HIV-1 coinfection. HPgV-2 appears not to worsen HCV-related liver damage. Our study provides new findings about the association of HPgV-2 and HCV/HIV-1 and the impact of HPgV-2 infection on HCV replication and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University
| | - Zhengwei Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University
| | - Ru Xu
- Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yujuan Guan
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Naling Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University
| | - Jianping Li
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiwei Xie
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Aiqi Lu
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fuchun Zhang
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongshui Fu
- Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shixing Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University
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17
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Shui J, Liu W, Liang Y, Zhang J, Wan Z, Wang H, Qu X, Tang S. Infection of human pegivirus 2 (HPgV-2) is associated with hepatitis C virus but not hepatitis B virus infection in people who inject drugs. J Gen Virol 2019; 100:968-974. [PMID: 31090532 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the association between human pegivirus-2 (HPgV-2) infection and hepatitis C virus (HCV)/hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection in 745 plasma samples collected from HCV-positive but human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1)-negative people who inject drugs in Hunan, China. The prevalence of anti-HPgV-2 was 4.43 % (33/745) and, within this, the HCV 6a genotype showed significantly higher prevalence as compared with the HCV non-6a genotypes, 6.29 % (18/286) vs. 1.69 % (4/236), respectively (P=0.009). HPgV-2 RNA was detected in 2.15 % (16/745), and was not significantly different between the HCV 6a and non-6a genotypes, 2.45 % (7/286) vs. 2.54 % (6/236), respectively (P =0.945). HBV single infection did not increase the risk of HPgV-2 infection. Compared with HCV single infection, HCV/HBV co-infection increased the risk of HPgV-2 infection by about three-fold: odds ratio (OR)=3.24 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.34-7.82, P=0.014] according to anti-HPgV-2 positivity or OR=3.51 (95 % CI 1.15-10.74, P=0.051) according to HPgV-2 viraemia. HPgV-2 infection did not increase the levels of liver-specific enzymes. Our study provides new findings regarding the association between HPgV-2 and HCV genotypes as well as HCV/HBV co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Shui
- 1 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Wenpei Liu
- 2 Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yuanhao Liang
- 1 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- 2 Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou, Hunan, PR China
| | - Zhengwei Wan
- 1 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Haiying Wang
- 1 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Xiaowang Qu
- 2 Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou, Hunan, PR China
| | - Shixing Tang
- 1 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
- 3 Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
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18
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Wang H, Wan Z, Sun Q, Zhu N, Li T, Ren X, An X, Deng S, Wu Y, Li X, Li L, Li J, Tong Y, Tang S. Second Human Pegivirus in Hepatitis C Virus-Infected and Hepatitis C Virus/HIV-1-Co-infected Persons Who Inject Drugs, China. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 24:908-911. [PMID: 29664364 PMCID: PMC5938795 DOI: 10.3201/eid2405.161162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the presence of the second human pegivirus (HPgV-2) in Guangdong and Sichuan Provinces in China. The prevalence of HPgV-2 in hepatitis C virus/HIV-1–co-infected persons who inject drugs was 12.9% in Guangdong and 15.9% in Sichuan. This population is at high risk for HPgV-2 infection.
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19
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Rodgers MA, Holzmayer V, Vallari A, Olivo A, Forberg K, Fuhrman J, Coller KE, Awazi B, Kenmegne Sidje JB, Frankel MB, Berg MG, Mbanya D, Ndembi N, Cloherty GA. Hepatitis C virus surveillance and identification of human pegivirus 2 in a large Cameroonian cohort. J Viral Hepat 2019; 26:30-37. [PMID: 30187640 PMCID: PMC7379692 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the presence of human pegivirus 2 (HPgV-2) have not been examined in Cameroon, although HCV has been associated with HPgV-2 infections previously. Herein we aimed to characterize the burden and genetic diversity of HCV and the presence of HPgV-2 in Cameroon. Retrospective plasma specimens collected from N = 12 369 consenting subjects in South Cameroon from 2013 to 2016 were included in the study. The majority (97.1%) of participants were patients seeking health care. All specimens were screened for HCV using the Abbott RealTime HCV viral load assay and positive specimens with remaining volume were also screened for HPgV-2 antibodies on the Abbott ARCHITECT instrument, followed by molecular characterization. Overall, HCV RNA was detected in 305 (2.47%; 95% CI: 2.21%-2.75%) specimens. Notably, the prevalence of HCV RNA was 9.09% amongst participants over age 40 and 3.81% amongst males. Phylogenetic classification of N = 103 HCV sequences identified genotypes 1 (19.4%), 2 (15.5%) and 4 (65.1%) within the study cohort. Amongst HCV RNA-positive specimens, N = 28 (10.6%; 95% CI: 7.44%-14.90%) specimens also had detectable HPgV-2 antibodies. Of these, N = 2 viremic HPgV-2 infections were confirmed by sequencing and shared 93-94 median % identity with strains found on other continents. This is the first study to determine the prevalence of chronic HCV in Cameroon, and the discovery of HPgV-2 in this study cohort expands the geography of HPgV-2 to the African continent, indicating a widespread distribution exists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ana Olivo
- Abbott LaboratoriesAbbott ParkIllinoisUSA
| | | | | | | | - Bih Awazi
- Université de Yaoundé IYaoundéCameroon
| | | | | | | | - Dora Mbanya
- Université de Yaoundé IYaoundéCameroon,University of BamendaBamendaCameroon
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20
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朱 娜, 许 如, 唐 伟, 王 海, 万 政, 吴 学, 付 涌, 唐 时, 俞 守. [Detection of a novel human pegivirus HPgV-2 in healthy blood donors and recipients of multiple transfusions: implications for blood safety]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2018; 38:842-849. [PMID: 33168509 PMCID: PMC6765548 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.07.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of HPgV-2 in blood donors, transfusion recipients and hemophilia patients and its impact on blood safety. METHODS Serum samples were collected from 1060 healthy blood donors, 1402 HCV-positive and 500 HBV- positive blood donors, 570 transfusion recipients and 248 hemophilia patients for screening anti-HPgV-2 antibodies, HPgV-2 RNA, anti-HCV and HBsAg/HBV-DNA using ELISA and RT-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis of near fulllength genome sequences and NS3 genes of pegiviruses and hepaciviruses were performed using MEGA software. RESULTS Anti-HPgV-2 positivity and HPgV-2 RNA positivity were found in 1.21% (17/1402) and 0.36% (5/1402) of the blood donors infected with HCV (RNA+/Ab+), respectively, indicating a close correlation between HPgV-2 and HCV infection (χ2=13.78, P= 0.004). Anti-HPgV-2 antibody was hardly detected in the other populations. A nucleotide identity as high as 97.11% was found in the NS3 fragments among the 5 isolated HPgV-2 strains, which had a nucleotide identity of 96.53% with the reported strains isolated out of China. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of HPgV-2 infection is rather low in healthy blood donors and transfusion recipients. Coinfection with HCV is common in HPgV-2 infection, and no evidence has now been available to support HPgV-2 transmission via blood transfusion, indicating that HPgV-2 may not pose a threat to blood safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- 娜玲 朱
- 南方医科大学 公共卫生学院流行病系//热带病研究所,广东 广州 510515Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research/Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 如 许
- 广州血液中心输血研究所,广东 广州 510000Institute of Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - 伟平 唐
- 南方医科大学 公共卫生学院流行病系//热带病研究所,广东 广州 510515Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research/Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 海鹰 王
- 南方医科大学 公共卫生学院流行病系//热带病研究所,广东 广州 510515Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research/Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 政伟 万
- 南方医科大学 公共卫生学院流行病系//热带病研究所,广东 广州 510515Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research/Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 学东 吴
- 南方医科大学 南方医院儿科,广东 广州 510515Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 涌水 付
- 广州血液中心输血研究所,广东 广州 510000Institute of Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - 时幸 唐
- 南方医科大学 公共卫生学院流行病系//热带病研究所,广东 广州 510515Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research/Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 守义 俞
- 南方医科大学 公共卫生学院流行病系//热带病研究所,广东 广州 510515Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research/Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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21
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First detection of human hepegivirus-1 (HHpgV-1) in Iranian patients with hemophilia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5036. [PMID: 29568043 PMCID: PMC5864744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23490-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel blood-borne virus called the human hepegivirus 1 (HHpgV-1) was recently discovered in hemophilia patients. The present study aimed to investigate the presence of HHpgV-1 in hemophilia patients. A total of 436 serum samples were investigated for the presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV), human pegivirus-1 (HPgV-1), torque teno virus (TTV), and HHpgV-1. Out of the 436 patients, 163 (37.4%), 19 (4.4%), 76 (17.4%), and four (0.9%) patients were positive for HCV, HPgV-1, TTV, and HHpgV-1, respectively. HHpgV-1 patients had a mean viral load of 4.9 ± 0.3 log RNA copies/mL and were co-infected with HCV-1a, HPgV-1, and TTV. Moreover, three HHpgV-1-positive patients exhibited stage F0 liver fibrosis. HCV viral load in HHpgV-1-positive patients was lower than those of HHpgV-1-negative patients. Results also revealed that co-infection of HHpgV-1 with HPgV-1 and HCV may play a protective role in patients with chronic HCV. In conclusion, we detected a low frequency of HHpgV-1 infection in hemophilia patients, and results suggested that HHpgV-1 infection was correlated with the presence of other blood-borne viruses and is likely to also correlate with low HCV viral load and reduced severity of liver disease. Additional studies are required to further investigate the clinical importance of HHpgV-1.
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Greninger AL. A decade of RNA virus metagenomics is (not) enough. Virus Res 2018; 244:218-229. [PMID: 29055712 PMCID: PMC7114529 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It is hard to overemphasize the role that metagenomics has had on our recent understanding of RNA virus diversity. Metagenomics in the 21st century has brought with it an explosion in the number of RNA virus species, genera, and families far exceeding that following the discovery of the microscope in the 18th century for eukaryotic life or culture media in the 19th century for bacteriology or the 20th century for virology. When the definition of success in organism discovery is measured by sequence diversity and evolutionary distance, RNA viruses win. This review explores the history of RNA virus metagenomics, reasons for the successes so far in RNA virus metagenomics, and methodological concerns. In addition, the review briefly covers clinical metagenomics and environmental metagenomics and highlights some of the critical accomplishments that have defined the fast pace of RNA virus discoveries in recent years. Slightly more than a decade in, the field is exhausted from its discoveries but knows that there is yet even more out there to be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L Greninger
- Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
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Sauvage V, Gomez J, Boizeau L, Laperche S. The potential of viral metagenomics in blood transfusion safety. Transfus Clin Biol 2017; 24:218-222. [PMID: 28694025 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Thanks to the significant advent of high throughput sequencing in the last ten years, it is now possible via metagenomics to define the spectrum of the microbial sequences present in human blood samples. Therefore, metagenomics sequencing appears as a promising approach for the identification and global surveillance of new, emerging and/or unexpected viruses that could impair blood transfusion safety. However, despite considerable advantages compared to the traditional methods of pathogen identification, this non-targeted approach presents several drawbacks including a lack of sensitivity and sequence contaminant issues. With further improvements, especially to increase sensitivity, metagenomics sequencing should become in a near future an additional diagnostic tool in infectious disease field and especially in blood transfusion safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sauvage
- Département d'études des agents transmissibles par le sang, Institut national de la transfusion sanguine (INTS), Centre national de référence risques infectieux transfusionnels, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - J Gomez
- Département d'études des agents transmissibles par le sang, Institut national de la transfusion sanguine (INTS), Centre national de référence risques infectieux transfusionnels, 75015 Paris, France
| | - L Boizeau
- Département d'études des agents transmissibles par le sang, Institut national de la transfusion sanguine (INTS), Centre national de référence risques infectieux transfusionnels, 75015 Paris, France
| | - S Laperche
- Département d'études des agents transmissibles par le sang, Institut national de la transfusion sanguine (INTS), Centre national de référence risques infectieux transfusionnels, 75015 Paris, France
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Frankel M, Forberg K, Coller KE, Berg MG, Hackett J, Cloherty G, Dawson GJ. Development of a high-throughput multiplexed real time RT-PCR assay for detection of human pegivirus 1 and 2. J Virol Methods 2016; 241:34-40. [PMID: 28012898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Human Pegivirus 2 (HPgV-2) was recently identified in the bloodstream of HCV-infected and multiply transfused individuals. Initial reports show HPgV-2 circulates at a low prevalence in HCV co-infected individuals, necessitating testing of large cohorts of samples to identify infected persons. The identification of additional HPgV-2 cases was facilitated by the development of a high throughput and reliable molecular reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay intended for use on the automated Abbott m2000 system with a capability of extracting and testing 96 samples at once. A dual target approach was taken to reduce the risk of a false-negative result, amplifying sequences within the 5' UTR and NS2/3 coding regions of HPgV-2. The assay was expanded to multiplex detection of the other human Pegivirus, HPgV-1 (formerly GBV-C), to allow simultaneous prevalence comparison. The limit of detection (LOD; 95% detection) for HPgV-2 was experimentally determined to be 126 copies/mL. Through use of the newly developed multiplex assay, 21 strains of HPgV-2 circulating in HCV past or present infections were identified, with all strains confirmed by next generation sequencing. The multiplexed assay has high specificity and showed no cross-reactivity of HPgV-2 with HPgV-1 or other Flaviviruses. This automated assay will be instrumental in future studies addressing HPgV-2 pathogenicity, prevalence, and sequence diversity.
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