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Cai Y, Nie Y, Zhao H, Wang Z, Zhou Z, Liu X, Huang B. Azygosporus gen. nov., a synapmorphic clade in the family Ancylistaceae. MycoKeys 2021; 85:161-172. [PMID: 35068985 PMCID: PMC8741705 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.85.73405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal genus Conidiobolus sensu lato was delimited into four genera based on morphology and phylogeny. However, the taxonomic placement of C.parvus has not been determined until now. Here, we show that C.parvus belongs to a distinct lineage based on mitochondrial (mtSSU) and nuclear (TEF1 and nrLSU) phylogenetic analyses. Phylogenetic analyses further revealed a new species as sister to C.parvus. We identified a synapomorphy uniting these lineages (azygospore production) that was not observed in other allied genera of the family Ancylistaceae, and erected a new genus Azygosporusgen. nov. for this monophyletic group, with a new combination, A.parvuscomb. nov. as the type species. Within Azygosporus, the novel species A.macropapillatussp. nov. was introduced from China based on morphological characteristics and molecular evidence, which is characterized by its prominent basal papilla, in comparison to other closely related species, measuring 7.5–10.0×5.0–10.0 µm. Our study resolved the phylogenetic placement of C.parvus and improved the taxonomic system of the Ancylistaceae family.
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Nie Y, Zhao H, Wang Z, Zhou Z, Liu X, Huang B. The Gene Rearrangement, Loss, Transfer, and Deep Intronic Variation in Mitochondrial Genomes of Conidiobolus. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:765733. [PMID: 34858376 PMCID: PMC8632527 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.765733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Conidiobolus s.s. was newly delimited from Conidiobolus s.l. In order to gain insight into its mitochondrial genetic background, this study sequenced six mitochondrial genomes of the genus Conidiobolus s.s. These mitogenomes were all composed of circular DNA molecules, ranging from 29,253 to 48,417 bp in size and from 26.61 to 27.90% in GC content. The order and direction for 14 core protein-coding genes (PCGs) were identical, except for the atp8 gene lost in Conidiobolus chlamydosporus, Conidiobolus polyspermus, and Conidiobolus polytocus, and rearranged in the other Conidiobolus s.s. species. Besides, the atp8 gene split the cox1 gene in Conidiobolus taihushanensis. Phylogenomic analysis based on the 14 core PCGs confirmed that all Conidiobolus s.s. species formed a monophyly in the Entomophthoromycotina lineage. The number and length of introns were the main factors contributing to mitogenomic size, and deep variations and potential transfer were detected in introns. In addition, gene transfer occurred between the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. This study promoted the understanding of the evolution and phylogeny of the Conidiobolus s.s. genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Nie
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Institute of Microbiology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Zimin Wang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan, China
| | - Zhengyu Zhou
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Nie Y, Wang ZM, Liu XY, Huang B. A morphological and molecular survey of Neoconidiobolus reveals a new species and two new combinations. Mycol Prog 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-021-01720-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Menolli N, Sánchez-García M. Brazilian fungal diversity represented by DNA markers generated over 20 years. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:729-749. [PMID: 31828716 PMCID: PMC7203393 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00206-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular techniques using fungal DNA barcoding (ITS) and other markers have been key to identifying the biodiversity of different geographic areas, mainly in megadiverse countries. Here, we provide an overview of the fungal diversity in Brazil based on DNA markers of phylogenetic importance generated since 1996. We retrieved fungal sequences of ITS, LSU, SSU, tef1-α, β-tubulin, rpb1, rpb2, actin, chitin synthase, and ATP6 from GenBank using different field keywords that indicated their origin in Brazil. A total of 19,440 sequences were recovered. ITS is the most representative marker (11,209 sequences), with 70.1% belonging to Ascomycota, 18.6% Basidiomycota, 10.2% unidentified, 1.1% Mucoromycota, two sequences of Olpidium bornovanus (Fungi incertae sedis), one sequence of Blastocladiomycota (Allomyces arbusculus), and one sequence of Chytridiomycota (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis). Considering the sequences of all selected markers, only the phyla Cryptomycota and Entorrhizomycota were not represented. Based on ITS, using a cutoff of 98%, all sequences comprise 3047 OTUs, with the majority being Ascomycota (2088 OTUs) and Basidiomycota (681 OTUs). Previous numbers based mainly on morphological and bibliographical data revealed 5264 fungal species from Brazil, with a predominance of Basidiomycota (2741 spp.) and Ascomycota (1881 spp.). The unidentified ITS sequences not assigned to a higher taxonomic level represent 1.61% of all ITS sequences sampled and correspond to 38 unknown class-level lineages (75% cutoff). A maximum likelihood phylogeny based on LSU illustrates the fungal classes occurring in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Menolli
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza e Matemática (DCM), Subárea de Biologia (SAB), Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo (IFSP), Câmpus São Paulo, Rua Pedro Vicente 625, São Paulo, SP, 01109-010, Brazil.
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Micologia, Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, Água Funda, São Paulo, SP, 04301-012, Brazil.
| | - Marisol Sánchez-García
- Biology Department, Clark University, Worcester, MA, 01610, USA
- Uppsala Biocentre, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, SE-75005, Sweden
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Stefanello JR, Piasentin FB, Tondolo JSM, Loreto ES, Dutra V, Alves SH, Santurio JM. In vitro assessment of antifungal, antibacterial, and antiprotozoal drugs against clinical isolates of Conidiobolus lamprauges. Med Mycol 2019; 57:649-652. [PMID: 30289533 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have determined the in vitro activity of antifungal, antibacterial, and antiprotozoal drugs alone and in combination against seven Conidiobolus lamprauges clinical isolates. The assays were based on the M38-A2 protocol and the checkerboard microdilution method. The lowest inhibitory concentrations were observed for amphotericin B, miconazole (MCZ), terbinafine, and miltefosine (MTF) (MIC range 0.25-1; 2-8; 0.25-2; 2-16 μg/ml, respectively). The main synergism observed was through the combination of azithromycin (AZI)+MTF and dapsone (DAP)+MTF (100%), AZI+DAP (85.7%), AZI+MCZ (57.1%) as well as MCZ plus CTX and DAP (42.9%). The in vitro activities suggest that the combination of MTF and AZI or DAP are promising candidate therapies for conidiobolomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josias R Stefanello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda B Piasentin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana S M Tondolo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - Erico S Loreto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MG, Brazil
| | - Valéria Dutra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - Sydney H Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MG, Brazil
| | - Janio M Santurio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
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Nie Y, Wang L, Cai Y, Tao W, Zhang YJ, Huang B. Mitochondrial genome of the entomophthoroid fungus Conidiobolus heterosporus provides insights into evolution of basal fungi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 103:1379-1391. [PMID: 30569217 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Entomophthoroid fungi represent an ecologically important group of fungal pathogens on insects. Here, the whole mitogenome of Conidiobolus heterosporus, one of the entomophthoroid fungi, was described and compared to those early branching fungi with available mitogenomes. The 53,364-bp circular mitogenome of C. heterosporus contained two rRNA genes, 14 standard protein-coding genes, 26 tRNA genes, and three free-standing ORFs. Thirty introns interrupted nine mitochondrial genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrion-encoded proteins revealed that C. heterosporus was most close to Zancudomyces culisetae in the Zoopagomycota of basal fungi. Comparison on mitogenomes of 23 basal fungi revealed great variabilities in terms of mitogenome conformation (circular or linear), genetic code (codes 1, 4, or 16), AT contents (53.3-85.5%), etc. These mitogenomes varied from 12.0 to 97.3 kb in sizes, mainly due to different numbers of genes and introns. They showed frequent DNA rearrangement events and a high variability of gene order, although high synteny and conserved gene order were also present between closely related species. By reporting the first mitogenome in Entomophthoromycotina and the second in Zoopagomycota, this study greatly enhanced our understanding on evolution of basal fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Nie
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.,School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243002, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Yue Cai
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Wei Tao
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yong-Jie Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Bo Huang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Abstract
The pathogenic entomophthoralean fungi cause infection in insects and mammalian hosts. Basidiobolus and Conidiobolus species can be found in soil and insect, reptile, and amphibian droppings in tropical and subtropical areas. The life cycles of these fungi occur in these environments where infecting sticky conidia are developed. The infection is acquired by insect bite or contact with contaminated environments through open skin. Conidiobolus coronatus typically causes chronic rhinofacial disease in immunocompetent hosts, whereas some Conidiobolus species can be found in immunocompromised patients. Basidiobolus ranarum infection is restricted to subcutaneous tissues but may be involved in intestinal and disseminated infections. Its early diagnosis remains challenging due to clinical similarities to other intestinal diseases. Infected tissues characteristically display eosinophilic granulomas with the Splendore-Höeppli phenomenon. However, in immunocompromised patients, the above-mentioned inflammatory reaction is absent. Laboratory diagnosis includes wet mount, culture serological assays, and molecular methodologies. The management of entomophthoralean fungi relies on traditional antifungal therapies, such as potassium iodide (KI), amphotericin B, itraconazole, and ketoconazole, and surgery. These species are intrinsically resistant to some antifungals, prompting physicians to experiment with combinations of therapies. Research is needed to investigate the immunology of entomophthoralean fungi in infected hosts. The absence of an animal model and lack of funding severely limit research on these fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Vilela
- Biomedical Laboratory Diagnostics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Leonel Mendoza
- Biomedical Laboratory Diagnostics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Wijayawardene NN, Pawłowska J, Letcher PM, Kirk PM, Humber RA, Schüßler A, Wrzosek M, Muszewska A, Okrasińska A, Istel Ł, Gęsiorska A, Mungai P, Lateef AA, Rajeshkumar KC, Singh RV, Radek R, Walther G, Wagner L, Walker C, Wijesundara DSA, Papizadeh M, Dolatabadi S, Shenoy BD, Tokarev YS, Lumyong S, Hyde KD. Notes for genera: basal clades of Fungi (including Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota). FUNGAL DIVERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-018-0409-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Nie Y, Qin L, Yu DS, Liu XY, Huang B. Two new species of Conidiobolus occurring in Anhui, China. Mycol Prog 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-018-1436-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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In Vitro Assessment of Antifungal Drugs and Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim against Clinical Isolates of Conidiobolus lamprauges. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.01685-17. [PMID: 29439970 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01685-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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de Godoy I, de Campos CG, Pescador CA, Galceran JVA, Cândido SL, Dutra V, Nakazato L. Experimental infection in gerbils by Conidiobolus lamprauges. Microb Pathog 2017; 105:251-254. [PMID: 28258001 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Conidiobolomycosis is an emerging entomophthoramycosis caused by fungi Conidiobolus spp. Animal models are essential for the study of infectious disease in various areas such as pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, treatment and prevention. There is not currently an animal model for conidiobolomycosis. The aim of this study was to create an experimental infection protocol for Conidiobolus lamprauges in gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). The study animals were randomly divided into four groups of four animals: immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide (CPA) and infected with C. lamprauges (G1), immunocompetent and infected with C. lamprauges (G2), immunosuppressed with CPA (G3), and an immunocompetent control group (G4). Clinical signs were observed only in G1 animals, where the mortality rate reached 75% by day 7 after infection (AI) with a median survival of 2 days. C. lamprauges was detected only in G1, both by PCR and by isolation. Necropsies of the G1 animals showed lesions in the nasal cavity and lung tissue. These lesions were characterized by polymorphonuclear infiltrate cells and by the presence of hyphal structures under silver staining. This animal model will be useful for further investigation of diseases caused by C. lamprauges, particularly of those associated with immunosuppression factors in naturally occurring animal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela de Godoy
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
| | | | - Caroline Argenta Pescador
- Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - João Vitor Amorim Galceran
- Residência Uniprofissional em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Stéfhano Luis Cândido
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Valéria Dutra
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Luciano Nakazato
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
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Bamba S, Konsegré V, Zida A, Sangaré I, Cissé M, Beogo R, Diallo B, Andonaba JB, Guiguemdé RT. [A case of rhinofacial entomophthoromycosis in Soudano-Sahelian tropical climate in Burkina Faso]. J Mycol Med 2017; 27:254-260. [PMID: 28214142 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We describe a rhinofacial entomophthoramycosis case in a sexagenarian (65 years old) housewife. She was immunocompetent and resident of Burkina Faso. She consulted both the service of dermatology and the service of stomatology of the Teaching Hospital of Bobo-Dioulasso in February 2016 for a diffuse facial tumefaction evolving over six months. This tumefaction was associated with headaches and a left nasal obstruction. Histological examination of the lesion showed an important and polymorphic inflammatory reaction. Also, a filamentous fungus with wide non-septated hyphae and right-angled fungal branching, consistent with mucormycosis was isolated. Mycological diagnosis based on fungal culture with Sabouraud medium without any antibiotic and cyclohexemide after incubation at 27°C and at 30°C was negative. Furthermore, it was not possible to amplify the DNA extracted from biopsy. Antifungal therapy based on the administration of fluconazole per os at 800mg/day was started allowing clinical improvement. This is the first case of a rhinofacial entomophtharomycosis documented in Bobo-Dioulasso. Rhinofacial entomophthoromycosis is largely unknown, even in tropical regions such as Burkina Faso. This lack of knowledge results in a delay in the diagnosis, and subsequently a bad prognosis. It is therefore urgent to improve knowledge on this disease to guide diagnostic steps, prognosis of outcome, and antifungal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bamba
- Service de parasitologie-mycologie, département des laboratoires, CHU Sourô Sanou, 01 BP 676, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
| | - V Konsegré
- Service d'anatomie pathologique, département des laboratoires, CHU Sourô Sanou, 01 BP 676, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - A Zida
- Service de parasitologie-mycologie, CHU Yalgado Ouédraogo, 01 BP 721, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - I Sangaré
- Service de parasitologie-mycologie, département des laboratoires, CHU Sourô Sanou, 01 BP 676, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - M Cissé
- Service de parasitologie-mycologie, département des sciences fondamentales et mixtes, université polytechnique de Bobo-Dioulasso, 01 BP 1091, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - R Beogo
- Service de stomatologie, département de chirurgie, CHU Sourô Sanou, 01 BP 676, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - B Diallo
- Service de dermatologie, département de médecine, CHU Sourô Sanou, 01 BP 676, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - J B Andonaba
- Service de dermatologie, département de médecine, CHU Sourô Sanou, 01 BP 676, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - R T Guiguemdé
- Service de parasitologie-mycologie, département des sciences fondamentales et mixtes, université polytechnique de Bobo-Dioulasso, 01 BP 1091, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
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Oliveira JT, de Godoy I, Santos LHRDO, Rocha ISM, Maruyama FH, Nakazato L, Dutra V. Characterization and evaluation of immunogenicity of Conidiobolus lamprauges enolase. Small Rumin Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Blumentrath CG, Grobusch MP, Matsiégui PB, Pahlke F, Zoleko-Manego R, Nzenze-Aféne S, Mabicka B, Sanguinetti M, Kremsner PG, Schaumburg F. Classification of Rhinoentomophthoromycosis into Atypical, Early, Intermediate, and Late Disease: A Proposal. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003984. [PMID: 26426120 PMCID: PMC4591341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhinoentomophthoromycosis, or rhino-facial conidiobolomycosis, is a rare, grossly disfiguring disease due to an infection with entomophthoralean fungi. We report a case of rhinoentomophthoromycosis from Gabon and suggest a staging system, which provides information on the prognosis and duration of antifungal therapy. METHODS We present a case of rhinoentomophthoromycosis including the histopathology, mycology, and course of disease. For the suggested staging system, all cases on confirmed rhinoentomophthoromycosis published in the literature without language restriction were eligible. Exclusion criteria were missing data on (i) duration of disease before correct diagnosis, (ii) outcome, and (iii) confirmation of entomophthoralean fungus infection by histopathology and/or mycology. We classified cases into atypical (orbital cellulitis, severe pain, fever, dissemination), early, intermediate, and late disease based on the duration of symptoms before diagnosis. The outcome was evaluated for each stage of disease. FINDINGS The literature search of the Medpilot database was conducted on January 13, 2014, (updated on January 18, 2015). The search yielded 8,333 results including 198 cases from 117 papers; of these, 145 met our inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. Median duration of treatment was 4, 3, 4, and 5 months in atypical, early, intermediate, and late disease, respectively. Cure rates were clearly associated with stage of disease and were 57%, 100%, 82%, and 43% in atypical, early, intermediate, and late disease, respectively. CONCLUSION We suggest a clinical staging system that underlines the benefit of early case detection and may guide the duration of antifungal treatment. The scientific value of this classification is its capacity to structure and harmonize the clinical and research approach towards rhinoentomophthoromycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian G. Blumentrath
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen and Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Albert Schweitzer Hospital Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
- Centre de Recherche Médicale de la Ngounié, Fougamou, Gabon
| | - Martin P. Grobusch
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen and Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Albert Schweitzer Hospital Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
- Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Rella Zoleko-Manego
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen and Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Albert Schweitzer Hospital Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
- Centre de Recherche Médicale de la Ngounié, Fougamou, Gabon
| | - Solange Nzenze-Aféne
- Département de Parasitologie, Mycologie et Médicine Tropicale, Université des Sciences de la Santé, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Barthélemy Mabicka
- Département d'Anatomie Pathologique et d`Histologie et Embryologie, Université des Sciences de la Santé, Libreville, Gabon
| | | | - Peter G. Kremsner
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen and Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Albert Schweitzer Hospital Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Frieder Schaumburg
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Albert Schweitzer Hospital Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Vilela R, Viswanathan P, Mendoza LA. A biochemical screening approach to putatively differentiate mammalian pathogenic Oomycota species in the clinical laboratory. J Med Microbiol 2015; 64:862-868. [PMID: 26293112 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The report of four novel mammalian pathogenic species of the genus Lagenidium prompted us to study the use of biochemical assays to differentiate the Oomycota mammalian pathogens Pythium insidiosum and Lagenidium spp. We investigated the reaction of 23 Lagenidium and eight Pythium species in various biochemical assays. Because the morphological features of the Oomycota species are similar to those of species in the Entomophthoramycota and Mucormycota, five fungal species with coenocytic hyphae were also included. We found that mammalian and plant isolates of Pythium spp. all hydrolysed sucrose, but Lagenidium species and the fungal strains did not. In addition, both Pythium spp. and Lagenidium spp. were found to be maltose-positive, whereas fungal strains did not hydrolyse this sugar. The fungal species and thermo-sensitive Lagenidium giganteum and Lagenidium humanum were urease-negative, but the mammalian Lagenidium spp. and Pythium spp. hydrolysed urea within 24 h. These findings suggest these assays can be used for the presumptive differentiation of mammalian Oomycota species in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Vilela
- Biomedical Laboratory Diagnostics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Superior Institute of Medicine, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Poorna Viswanathan
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Leonel A Mendoza
- Biomedical Laboratory Diagnostics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Mackey PE, Cappe KG, Mani R, Rothenburg L, Sutton DA, Wiederhold NP, Lindner J, Ramachandran A, Wall CR, Snider T. Disseminated Conidiobolus incongruus in a dog: A case report and literature review. Med Mycol Case Rep 2015; 8:24-8. [PMID: 25830088 PMCID: PMC4354915 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Conidiobolomycosis is a rare fungal disease of both humans and animals, occurring mainly in tropical and subtropical climates. We describe a disseminated fungal infection in a young, apparently immunocompetent dog who initially presented for antibiotic resistant pneumonia. Histopathology and mycology identified a Conidiobolus sp., further confirmed as Conidiobolus incongruus through DNA sequencing of D1/D2 regions. This is the first report of this species causing disease in dogs and the fifth reported infection in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige E. Mackey
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, 1 BVMTH, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Katharine G. Cappe
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, 1 BVMTH, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Rinosh Mani
- Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Lab, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Lana Rothenburg
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, 1 BVMTH, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Deanna A. Sutton
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Nathan P. Wiederhold
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jonathan Lindner
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Akhilesh Ramachandran
- Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Lab, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Corey R. Wall
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, 1 BVMTH, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Timothy Snider
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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17
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Neglected fungal zoonoses: hidden threats to man and animals. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 21:416-25. [PMID: 25769429 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Zoonotic fungi can be naturally transmitted between animals and humans, and in some cases cause significant public health problems. A number of mycoses associated with zoonotic transmission are among the group of the most common fungal diseases, worldwide. It is, however, notable that some fungal diseases with zoonotic potential have lacked adequate attention in international public health efforts, leading to insufficient attention on their preventive strategies. This review aims to highlight some mycoses whose zoonotic potential received less attention, including infections caused by Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei, Lacazia loboi, Emmonsia spp., Basidiobolus ranarum, Conidiobolus spp. and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis.
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18
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Mendoza L, Vilela R, Voelz K, Ibrahim AS, Voigt K, Lee SC. Human Fungal Pathogens of Mucorales and Entomophthorales. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2014; 5:a019562. [PMID: 25377138 PMCID: PMC4382724 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a019562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, we have seen an increase in the number of immunocompromised cohorts as a result of infections and/or medical conditions, which has resulted in an increased incidence of fungal infections. Although rare, the incidence of infections caused by fungi belonging to basal fungal lineages is also continuously increasing. Basal fungal lineages diverged at an early point during the evolution of the fungal lineage, in which, in a simplified four-phylum fungal kingdom, Zygomycota and Chytridiomycota belong to the basal fungi, distinguishing them from Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Currently there are no known human infections caused by fungi in Chytridiomycota; only Zygomycotan fungi are known to infect humans. Hence, infections caused by zygomycetes have been called zygomycosis, and the term "zygomycosis" is often used as a synonym for "mucormycosis." In the four-phylum fungal kingdom system, Zygomycota is classified mainly based on morphology, including the ability to form coenocytic (aseptated) hyphae and zygospores (sexual spores). In the Zygomycota, there are 10 known orders, two of which, the Mucorales and Entomophthorales, contain species that can infect humans, and the infection has historically been known as zygomycosis. However, recent multilocus sequence typing analyses (the fungal tree of life [AFTOL] project) revealed that the Zygomycota forms not a monophyletic clade but instead a polyphyletic clade, whereas Ascomycota and Basidiomycota are monophyletic. Thus, the term "zygomycosis" needed to be further specified, resulting in the terms "mucormycosis" and "entomophthoramycosis." This review covers these two different types of fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonel Mendoza
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48424-1031 Biomedical Laboratory Diagnostics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48424-1031
| | - Raquel Vilela
- Biomedical Laboratory Diagnostics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48424-1031 Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Minas Gerais, CEP33400000 Belo Horizonte, Brazil Belo Horizonte Brazil; Superior Institute of Medicine (ISMD), Minas Gerais, CEP33400000 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Kerstin Voelz
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection & School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom The National Institute of Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom B15 2WB
| | - Ashraf S Ibrahim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, St. John's Cardiovascular Research Center, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502 David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Kerstin Voigt
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology and University of Jena, Faculty of Biology and Pharmacy, Institute of Microbiology, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Soo Chan Lee
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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19
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Silveira MM, Paula DA, Silva MC, Pitchenin LC, Cruz RA, Colodel EM, Dutra V, Nakazato L. Development and application of polymerase chain reaction test for detection of Conidiobolus lamprauges. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2013001200009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conidiobolomycosis is a granulomatous disease caused by the fungus Conidiobolus spp. in humans and animals. Traditional technique for diagnosis of the disease is isolation of the agent associated with the presence of typical clinical signs and pathological conditions. The aim of this study was to describe the development of a specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for Conidiobolus lamprauges to detect the fungus in clinical samples. Samples from suspected animals were collected and submitted to isolation, histopathological analysis and amplification by PCR. DNA from tissues was subjected to PCR with fungi universal primers 18S rDNA gene, and specific primers were designed based on the same gene in C. lamprauges that generated products of about 540 bp and 222 bp respectively. The culture was positive in 26.6% of clinical samples. The PCR technique for C. lamprauges showed amplification of DNA from fresh tissues (80%) and paraffin sections (44.4%). In conclusion, the PCR technique described here demonstrated a high sensitivity and specificity for detection of fungal DNA in tissue samples, providing a tool for the rapid diagnosis of C. lamprauges.
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Tondolo JSM, de Loreto ÉS, Dutra V, Nakazato L, de Paula DAJ, Zanette RA, Alves SH, Santurio JM. In vitro susceptibility of Conidiobolus lamprauges recovered from sheep to antifungal agents. Vet Microbiol 2013; 166:690-3. [PMID: 23958402 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Data regarding the susceptibility of Conidiobolus lamprauges is limited and there is no consensus about the optimal treatment for infections caused by Conidiobolus spp. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro susceptibility of six C. lamprauges strains isolated from sheep conidiobolomycosis to amphotericin B, ketoconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, anidulafungin, caspofungin, micafungin, flucytosine, and terbinafine using the CLSI M38-A2 microdilution technique. Terbinafine was the most active (MIC range <0.06-0.5 μg/mL). Resistance or reduced susceptibility was observed for amphotericin B and azole and echinocandin antifungals. Additional studies are necessary to determine the therapeutic potential of terbinafine as monotherapy or in combination therapy with other antifungals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Simoni Moraes Tondolo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
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21
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22
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Ubiali DG, Cruz RAS, De Paula DAJ, Silva MC, Mendonça FS, Dutra V, Nakazato L, Colodel EM, Pescador CA. Pathology of nasal infection caused by Conidiobolus lamprauges and Pythium insidiosum in sheep. J Comp Pathol 2013; 149:137-45. [PMID: 23375916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Conidiobolomycosis and pythiosis are important diseases of sheep in midwestern Brazil. Veterinary practitioners consider it difficult to differentiate between these diseases because they have similar clinical features. In this study, 186 sheep were subjected to necropsy examination over a 6-year period. Thirty (16.1%) cases of rhinitis in sheep that were caused by Conidiobolus lamprauges (n = 15) or Pythium insidiosum (n = 15) were investigated further. The lesions of C. lamprauges infection were mainly rhinopharyngeal (86.7%), localized to the ethmoidal region and associated with exophthalmos. The lesions appear as a white to yellow, firm mass that microscopically appears as a granulomatous inflammatory reaction with numerous giant cells. In contrast, P. insidiosum infection is associated with rhinofacial (93.3%) lesions that mainly involve the frontal region and hard palate and appear as an irregular, friable, yellow to red mass. Microscopically, pythiosis presents as diffuse necrotizing eosinophilic rhinitis. Immunohistochemistry using polyclonal antisera raised specifically against the two organisms was used to confirm the identity of the infectious agent in each disease. This study reports the first immunohistochemical diagnosis of conidiobolomycosis and the first description of a rhinopharyngeal lesion caused by P. insidiosum in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Ubiali
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Av Fernando Corrêa da Costa 2367 Bairro Boa Esperança, CEP 78069-900 Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
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23
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Abstract
We describe a disseminated fungal infection by Conidiobolus lamprauges in a patient with malignant lymphoma. Histopathology and mycological studies were performed, along with molecular analyses. This is the first record of this species causing human disease and the fifth reported disseminated infection by a Conidiobolus sp. in humans.
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Silva S, Ferreira L, Souza F, Nascimento E, Costa E, Paixão T, Santos R. Conidiobolomicose em ovinos: reavaliação de três casos previamente diagnosticados como tumor etimoidal enzoótico. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352010000600031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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25
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Portela RDA, Riet-Correa F, Garino Júnior F, Dantas AF, Simões SV, Silva SM. Doenças da cavidade nasal em ruminantes no Brasil. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2010001000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Este trabalho descreve as doenças das fossas nasais diagnosticadas em ruminantes no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, em Patos, Paraíba, nos anos de 2003-2009. No período foram registrados três diagnósticos de doenças das fossas nasais de bovinos, três em caprinos e nove em ovinos (de um total de 404 diagnósticos em bovinos, 330 em caprinos e 338 em ovinos). Descrevem-se um caso de rinite atópica em bovinos, sete surtos de conidiobolomicose e dois de pitiose rinofacial em ovinos, dois casos de prototecose e um de aspergilose nasal em caprinos e um mixoma e um fibrossarcoma em bovinos. Adicionalmente, é realizada uma revisão de outras doenças das fossas nasais de ruminantes descritas em outras regiões do Brasil, incluindo oestrose, rinosporidiose, carcinoma epidermóide e tumor etmoidal enzoótico.
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