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Files MA, Gentles L, Kehoe L, Adler A, Lacombe K, Dickerson JA, Greninger A, Waghmare A, Fairlie T, Pringle K, Midgley CM, Hagen MB, Englund JA, Seshadri C. Kinetics and Durability of Antibody and T-Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Children. J Infect Dis 2024; 230:889-900. [PMID: 38838218 PMCID: PMC11481334 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The kinetics and durability of T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 in children are not well characterized. We studied a cohort of children aged 6 months to 20 years with COVID-19 in whom peripheral blood mononuclear cells and sera were archived at approximately 1, 6, and 12 months after symptom onset. METHODS We compared antibody responses (n = 85) and T-cell responses (n = 30) to nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) glycoprotein over time across 4 age strata: 6 months to 5 years and 5-9, 10-14, and 15-20 years. RESULTS N-specific antibody responses declined over time, becoming undetectable in 26 (81%) of 32 children by approximately 1 year postinfection. Functional breadth of anti-N CD4+ T-cell responses also declined over time and were positively correlated with N-antibody responses (Pearson r = .31, P = .008). CD4+ T-cell responses to S displayed greater functional breadth than N in unvaccinated children and, with neutralization titers, were stable over time and similar across age strata. Functional profiles of CD4+ T-cell responses against S were not significantly modulated by vaccination. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal durable age-independent T-cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins in children over time following COVID-19 infection as well as S-antibody responses in comparison with declining antibody responses to N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Files
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lauren Gentles
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Leanne Kehoe
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Amanda Adler
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kirsten Lacombe
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jane A Dickerson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Laboratories, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alexander Greninger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Alpana Waghmare
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Tarayn Fairlie
- Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kimberly Pringle
- Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Claire M Midgley
- Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Melissa Briggs Hagen
- Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Janet A Englund
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Chetan Seshadri
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Ouoba S, Sugiyama A, Ko K, Mirzaev UK, Abe K, E B, Phyo Z, Khalilov KK, Kurisu A, Akita T, Takahashi K, Sasaki H, Yamamoto T, Tanaka J. Development of a unit conversion tool for five quantitative anti-spike assays and agreement analysis of three qualitative anti-nucleocapsid assays for SARS-CoV-2. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29826. [PMID: 39056254 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Commercially available assays for measuring severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) anti-spike (S) or anti-nucleocapsid (N) antibodies differ in units, making results comparisons challenging. This study aimed to develop conversion equations between five quantitative anti-S antibody tests and to assess the agreement over time between three qualitative anti-N antibody tests. Blood samples from 24 216 vaccinated healthcare workers in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, were analyzed for anti-S antibodies using five quantitative tests (Abbott, Fujirebio, Ortho, Sysmex, Roche) and for anti-N antibodies using three qualitative tests (Abbott, Sysmex, Roche). Geometric mean regression was performed to establish equations for converting measured values between the five quantitative tests. Fleiss κ statistic was used to assess the agreement between the three qualitative tests. A strong correlation (Pearson's coefficient r > 0.9) was found for each pair of the five quantitative tests measuring anti-S antibodies, enabling the development of equations to convert values between each pair. Using these equations, which are based on the original output unit of each test, values obtained from one test can be transformed to be equivalent to the corresponding values in another test. For the three tests for anti-N antibodies, the agreement was substantial in the total sample (Fleiss' κ, 0.74) and moderate among those with self-reported past coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection (Fleiss' κ, 0.39). The agreement decreased with time after infection. Reduced agreement between anti-N antibodies tests over time suggests caution in comparing seroepidemiological studies of COVID-19 exposure based on anti-N antibodies measurement. The findings could help improve antibody measurement systems and inform public health decision-makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Ouoba
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro (URCN), Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé (IRSS), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Aya Sugiyama
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ko Ko
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ulugbek Khudayberdievich Mirzaev
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Hepatology, Scientific Research Institute of Virology, Ministry of Health, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Kanon Abe
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Bunthen E
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- National Payment Certification Agency, Ministry of Economy and Finance, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Zayar Phyo
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kobiljon Khusniddin Khalilov
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akemi Kurisu
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akita
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Takahashi
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sasaki
- Hiroshima City Medical Association Clinical Laboratory, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takumi Yamamoto
- Hiroshima City Medical Association Clinical Laboratory, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Junko Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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3
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Laquintana V, Mottini C, Marchesi F, Marcozzi B, Terrenato I, Sperandio E, de Latouliere L, Carrieri F, Pimpinelli F, Pontone M, Pellini R, Campo F, Conti L, Accetta C, Mandoj C, Petrone F, Di Bella O, Vujovic B, Morrone A, Compagnone M, Principato E, Pinto E, Papa E, Falcucci P, La Malfa A, Pallocca M, De Marco F, Piaggio G, Ciliberto G, Mengarelli A, di Martino S. Dynamics of humoral and cellular response to three doses of anti-SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine in patients with hematological malignancies and older subjects. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1221587. [PMID: 38343436 PMCID: PMC10853639 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1221587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Few data are available about the durability of the response, the induction of neutralizing antibodies, and the cellular response upon the third dose of the anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine in hemato-oncological patients. Objective To investigate the antibody and cellular response to the BNT162b2 vaccine in patients with hematological malignancy. Methods We measured SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibodies, anti-Omicron neutralizing antibodies, and T-cell responses 1 month after the third dose of vaccine in 93 fragile patients with hematological malignancy (FHM), 51 fragile not oncological subjects (FNO) aged 80-92, and 47 employees of the hospital (healthcare workers, (HW), aged 23-66 years. Blood samples were collected at day 0 (T0), 21 (T1), 35 (T2), 84 (T3), 168 (T4), 351 (T pre-3D), and 381 (T post-3D) after the first dose of vaccine. Serum IgG antibodies against S1/S2 antigens of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were measured at every time point. Neutralizing antibodies were measured at T2, T3 (anti-Alpha), T4 (anti-Delta), and T post-3D (anti-Omicron). T cell response was assessed at T post-3D. Results An increase in anti-S1/S2 antigen antibodies compared to T0 was observed in the three groups at T post-3D. After the third vaccine dose, the median antibody level of FHM subjects was higher than after the second dose and above the putative protection threshold, although lower than in the other groups. The neutralizing activity of antibodies against the Omicron variant of the virus was tested at T2 and T post-3D. 42.3% of FHM, 80,0% of FNO, and 90,0% of HW had anti-Omicron neutralizing antibodies at T post-3D. To get more insight into the breadth of antibody responses, we analyzed neutralizing capacity against BA.4/BA.5, BF.7, BQ.1, XBB.1.5 since also for the Omicron variants, different mutations have been reported especially for the spike protein. The memory T-cell response was lower in FHM than in FNO and HW cohorts. Data on breakthrough infections and deaths suggested that the positivity threshold of the test is protective after the third dose of the vaccine in all cohorts. Conclusion FHM have a relevant response to the BNT162b2 vaccine, with increasing antibody levels after the third dose coupled with, although low, a T-cell response. FHM need repeated vaccine doses to attain a protective immunological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Laquintana
- UOC Anatomy Pathology, Biobank IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Mottini
- UOSD SAFU, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Marchesi
- UOSD Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetta Marcozzi
- UOSD Clinical Trial Center, Biostatistic and Bionformatic, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Terrenato
- UOSD Clinical Trial Center, Biostatistic and Bionformatic, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Sperandio
- UOSD Clinical Trial Center, Biostatistic and Bionformatic, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa de Latouliere
- UOSD SAFU, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Carrieri
- UOC D.I.T.R.A.R. IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Fulvia Pimpinelli
- UOSD of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Pontone
- UOSD of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Raul Pellini
- UOC Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Flaminia Campo
- UOC Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Conti
- UOSD Clinical Pathology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Celeste Accetta
- UOC Anatomy Pathology, Biobank IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Mandoj
- UOSD Clinical Pathology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Petrone
- UOC D.I.T.R.A.R. IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Ornella Di Bella
- Medical Direction, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Branka Vujovic
- Medical Direction, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Morrone
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Elena Papa
- UOSD Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Falcucci
- UOSD Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Antonia La Malfa
- Pharmacy Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute and San Gallicano Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Pallocca
- UOSD Clinical Trial Center, Biostatistic and Bionformatic, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Federico De Marco
- UOSD SAFU, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Piaggio
- UOSD SAFU, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Mengarelli
- UOSD Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Simona di Martino
- UOC Anatomy Pathology, Biobank IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
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Nelli F, Giannarelli D, Fabbri A, Virtuoso A, Giron Berrios JR, Marrucci E, Fiore C, Schirripa M, Signorelli C, Chilelli MG, Primi F, Panichi V, Topini G, Silvestri MA, Ruggeri EM. Immune-related adverse events and disease outcomes after the third dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-BNT162b2 vaccine in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:3217-3228. [PMID: 37428196 PMCID: PMC10992090 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical implications of the third dose of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors are currently unknown. We performed a prospective analysis of the Vax-On-Third study to investigate the effects of antibody response on immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and disease outcomes. METHODS Recipients of the booster dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-BNT162b2 vaccine who had received at least one course of an anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment before vaccination for an advanced solid malignancy were eligible. RESULTS The current analysis included 56 patients with metastatic disease (median age: 66 years; male: 71%), most of whom had a lung cancer diagnosis and were being treated with pembrolizumab- or nivolumab-based regimens. The optimal cut-point antibody titer of 486 BAU/mL allowed a dichotomization of recipients into low-responders (Low-R, < 486 BAU/mL) or high-responders (High-R, ≥ 486 BAU/mL). After a median follow-up time of 226 days, 21.4% of patients experienced moderate to severe irAEs without any recrudescence of immune toxicities preceding the booster dose. The frequencies of irAE before and after the third dose did not differ, but an increase in the cumulative incidence of immuno-related thyroiditis was observed within the High-R subgroup. On multivariate analysis, an enhanced humoral response correlated with a better outcome in terms of durable clinical benefit, which resulted in a significant reduction in the risk of disease control loss but not mortality. CONCLUSIONS Our findings would strengthen the recommendation not to change anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment plans based on current or future immunization schedules, implying that all these patients should be closely monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Nelli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, Strada Sammartinese snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Diana Giannarelli
- Biostatistics Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Agnese Fabbri
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, Strada Sammartinese snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Antonella Virtuoso
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, Strada Sammartinese snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Julio Rodrigo Giron Berrios
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, Strada Sammartinese snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Eleonora Marrucci
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, Strada Sammartinese snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Cristina Fiore
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, Strada Sammartinese snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Marta Schirripa
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, Strada Sammartinese snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Carlo Signorelli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, Strada Sammartinese snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Mario Giovanni Chilelli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, Strada Sammartinese snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Francesca Primi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, Strada Sammartinese snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Valentina Panichi
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Topini
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Silvestri
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Enzo Maria Ruggeri
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, Strada Sammartinese snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
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Simon G, Favresse J, Gillot C, Closset M, Catry É, Dogné JM, Douxfils J, Wieërs G, Bayart JL. Kinetics and ability of binding antibody and surrogate virus neutralization tests to predict neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant following BNT162b2 booster administration. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:1875-1885. [PMID: 37078220 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the long-term humoral immunity induced by booster administration, as well as the ability of binding antibody and surrogate virus neutralization tests (sVNT) to predict neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. METHODS A total of 269 sera samples were analyzed from 64 healthcare workers who had received a homologous booster dose of BNT162b2. Neutralizing antibodies assessed by sVNT and anti-RBD IgG measured with the sCOVG assay (Siemens Healthineers®) were analyzed at five timepoints; before and up to 6 months following the booster. Antibody titers were correlated with neutralizing antibodies against the Omicron BA.1 variant obtained by pseudovirus neutralization test (pVNT) as a reference method. RESULTS While Wild-type sVNT percentage of inhibition (POI) remained above 98.6% throughout the follow-up period after booster administration, anti-RBD IgG and NAbs assessed by Omicron BA.1 pVNT showed respectively a 3.4-fold and 13.3-fold decrease after 6 months compared to the peak reached at day 14. NAbs assessed by Omicron sVNT followed a steady decline until reaching a POI of 53.4%. Anti-RBD IgG and Omicron sVNT assays were strongly correlated (r=0.90) and performed similarly to predict the presence of neutralizing antibodies with Omicron pVNT (area under the ROC: 0.82 for both assays). In addition, new adapted cut-off values of anti-RBD IgG (>1,276 BAU/mL) and Omicron sVNT (POI>46.6%) were found to be better predictors of neutralizing activity. CONCLUSIONS This study showed a significant drop in humoral immunity 6 months after booster administration. Anti-RBD IgG and Omicron sVNT assays were highly correlated and could predict neutralizing activity with moderate performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germain Simon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique St-Pierre, Ottignies, Belgium
| | - Julien Favresse
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique St-Luc Bouge, Namur, Belgium
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Constant Gillot
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | | | | | - Jean-Michel Dogné
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Douxfils
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- QUALIblood SA, Namur, Belgium
| | - Grégoire Wieërs
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinique St-Pierre, Ottignies, Belgium
| | - Jean-Louis Bayart
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique St-Pierre, Ottignies, Belgium
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6
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Bohn MK, Steele S, Adeli K. SARS-CoV-2 serology in pediatrics: Seroprevalence studies in unvaccinated children and humoral antibody response post vaccination. Clin Biochem 2023; 119:110630. [PMID: 37549823 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2023.110630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humoral response against SARS-CoV-2 is increasingly accepted as the central correlate of immune protection. Recent pediatric seroprevalence data are extremely limited. Significant knowledge gaps also exist in immune response to mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in children. As children demonstrate distinct response to naïve infection relative to adults, it is essential to investigate age-specific differences in seroprevalence and antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. METHODS Seroprevalence was assessed through two cross-sectional serosurveys prior to COVID-19 vaccination approval in children <5 years using residual patient specimens (n = 2902). To assess antibody response post-vaccination, 842 participants (580 children, 262 adults) were prospectively recruited with informed consent. Participation required completion of a health questionnaire and blood donation. Samples were collected at varying times post-vaccination and assayed using the Abbott AdviseDx SARS-CoV-2 IgG II and DiaSorin LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG assays. RESULTS Significant increases in seroprevalence were observed between the first and second serosurveys in unvaccinated children <6 months to 5 years (38-75%). In the prospective vaccination cohort, serokinetic response decreased with time post-dose of an mRNA vaccine. Measured IgG titres were significantly higher in children relative to adults across all time points. CONCLUSIONS This is the largest evaluation of quantitative SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays in a cohort of Canadian children, adolescents, and adults. Findings suggest high rates of SARS-CoV-2 exposure among unvaccinated young children in the Toronto community. Additional data supports children have higher antibody titres relative to adults post-vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kathryn Bohn
- CALIPER Program, Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shannon Steele
- CALIPER Program, Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Khosrow Adeli
- CALIPER Program, Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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7
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Nelli F, Signorelli C, Fabbri A, Giannarelli D, Virtuoso A, Giron Berrios JR, Marrucci E, Fiore C, Schirripa M, Chilelli MG, Primi F, Panichi V, Topini G, Silvestri MA, Ruggeri EM. Changes in Peripheral Immune Cells after the Third Dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-BNT162b2 Vaccine and Disease Outcomes in Cancer Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Prospective Analysis of the Vax-on-Third-Profile Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3625. [PMID: 37509286 PMCID: PMC10377319 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines can deeply affect cell-mediated immune responses in immunocompromised recipients, including cancer patients receiving active treatments. The clinical implications of changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets following the third dose of mRNA-BNT162b2 vaccination (tozinameran) in patients on immune checkpoint blockade are not fully understood. We conducted a prospective analysis of the Vax-On-Third-Profile study to evaluate the impact of circulating lymphocyte dynamics on disease outcomes in this subgroup of patients. METHODS Recipients of booster dosing who had received before vaccination at least one course of an anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment for an advanced solid tumor were eligible. Immunophenotyping of peripheral blood was performed before the third dose of tozinameran (timepoint-1) and four weeks later (timepoint-2) to quantify the absolute counts of lymphocyte subpopulations, including CD3+CD4+ T cells, CD3+CD8+ T cells, B cells, and NK cells. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between lymphocyte subsets and durable clinical benefit (DCB). The log-rank test and Cox regression model were applied to evaluate the relationship between lymphocyte subpopulations and both vaccine-related time-to-treatment failure (V-TTF) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS We included a total of 56 patients with metastatic disease who were given a third dose of tozinameran between 23 September and 7 October 2021 (median age: 66 years; male: 71%). Most recipients had a diagnosis of lung cancer and were being treated with pembrolizumab or nivolumab. Compared to baseline, the third immunization resulted in an incremental change in the median counts of all lymphocyte subpopulations, which was statistically significant only for NK cells (p < 0.001). A significant correlation was found between NK cell counts and DCB at timepoint-2 (p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis of DCB confirmed the predictive significance of high-level NK cell counts (p = 0.020). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, high-level NK cell counts independently predicted longer V-TTF [HR 0.34 (95% CI 0.14-0.80), p = 0.014] and OS [HR 0.36 (95% CI 0.15-0.89), p = 0.027]. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest expansion of NK cell counts as the most noteworthy change in circulating lymphocytes after the third dose of tozinameran in cancer patients receiving PD-1/PD-L1-targeted agents. This change correlated with enhanced therapeutic efficacy, improving the rate of disease control, and prolonging survival outcomes. Similar findings have not been previously reported, implying that they have proof-of-concept value and warrant further confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Nelli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Carlo Signorelli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Agnese Fabbri
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Diana Giannarelli
- Biostatistics Unit, Scientific Directorate, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Virtuoso
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Julio Rodrigo Giron Berrios
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Eleonora Marrucci
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Cristina Fiore
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Marta Schirripa
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Mario Giovanni Chilelli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Francesca Primi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Valentina Panichi
- Cytofluorimetry Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Topini
- Cytofluorimetry Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Silvestri
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Enzo Maria Ruggeri
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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8
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Buchta C, Springer D, Jovanovic J, Borsodi C, Weidner L, Sareban N, Radler U, Müller MM, Griesmacher A, Puchhammer-Stöckl E, Wagner T, Jungbauer C, Stiasny K, Weseslindtner L. Three rounds of a national external quality assessment reveal a link between disharmonic anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody quantifications and the infection stage. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:1349-1358. [PMID: 36756735 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The WHO's standardized measuring unit, "binding antibody units per milliliter (BAU/mL)," should allow the harmonization of quantitative results by different commercial Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays. However, multiple studies demonstrate inter-assay discrepancies. The antigenic changes of the Omicron variant affect the performance of Spike-specific immunoassays. This study evaluated the variation of quantitative Anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike antibody measurements among 46, 50, and 44 laboratories in three rounds of a national external quality assessment (EQA) prior to and after the emergence of the Omicron variant in a diagnostic near-to-real-life setting. METHODS We analyzed results reported by the EQA participant laboratories from single and sequential samples from SARS-CoV-2 convalescent, acutely infected, and vaccinated individuals, including samples obtained after primary and breakthrough infections with the Omicron variant. RESULTS The three immunoassays most commonly used by the participants displayed a low intra-assay and inter-laboratory variation with excellent reproducibility using identical samples sent to the participants in duplicates. In contrast, the inter-assay variation was very high with all samples. Notably, the ratios of BAU/mL levels quantified by different immunoassays were not equal among all samples but differed between vaccination, past, and acute infection, including primary infection with the Omicron variant. The antibody kinetics measured in vaccinated individuals strongly depended on the applied immunoassay. CONCLUSIONS Measured BAU/mL levels are only inter-changeable among different laboratories when the same assay was used for their assessment. Highly variable ratios of BAU/mL quantifications among different immunoassays and infection stages argue against the usage of universal inter-assay conversion factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Buchta
- Austrian Association for Quality Assurance and Standardization of Medical and Diagnostic Tests (ÖQUASTA), Vienna, Austria
| | - David Springer
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jovana Jovanovic
- Austrian Association for Quality Assurance and Standardization of Medical and Diagnostic Tests (ÖQUASTA), Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Lisa Weidner
- Austrian Red Cross, Blood Service for Vienna, Lower Austria, and Burgenland, Austria
| | - Nazanin Sareban
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ulla Radler
- Austrian Association for Quality Assurance and Standardization of Medical and Diagnostic Tests (ÖQUASTA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias M Müller
- Austrian Association for Quality Assurance and Standardization of Medical and Diagnostic Tests (ÖQUASTA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Griesmacher
- Austrian Association for Quality Assurance and Standardization of Medical and Diagnostic Tests (ÖQUASTA), Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Thomas Wagner
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christof Jungbauer
- Austrian Red Cross, Blood Service for Vienna, Lower Austria, and Burgenland, Austria
| | - Karin Stiasny
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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9
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Nelli F, Fabbri A, Virtuoso A, Giannarelli D, Giron Berrios JR, Marrucci E, Fiore C, Schirripa M, Signorelli C, Chilelli MG, Primi F, Pessina G, Natoni F, Silvestri MA, Ruggeri EM. Effects of Antibody Response after Booster Vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Infections and Disease Outcomes in Advanced Cancer Patients: A Prospective Analysis of the Vax-on-Third Study. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:5103-5115. [PMID: 37232844 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30050386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The clinical implications of COVID-19 outbreaks following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in immunocompromised recipients are a worldwide concern. Cancer patients on active treatment remain at an increased risk of developing breakthrough infections because of waning immunity and the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants. There is a paucity of data on the effects of COVID-19 outbreaks on long-term survival outcomes in this population. (2) Methods: We enrolled 230 cancer patients who were on active treatment for advanced disease and had received booster dosing of an mRNA-BNT162b2 vaccine as part of the Vax-On-Third trial between September 2021 and October 2021. Four weeks after the third immunization, IgG antibodies against the spike receptor domain of SARS-CoV-2 were tested in all patients. We prospectively evaluated the incidence of breakthrough infections and disease outcomes. The coprimary endpoints were the effects of antibody titers on the development of breakthrough infections and the impact of COVID-19 outbreaks on cancer treatment failure. (3) Results: At a median follow-up of 16.3 months (95% CI 14.5-17.0), 85 (37%) patients developed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Hospitalization was required in 11 patients (12.9%) and only 2 (2.3%) deaths related to COVID-19 outbreaks were observed. Median antibody titers were significantly lower in breakthrough cases than in non-cases (291 BAU/mL (95% CI 210-505) vs. 2798 BAU/mL (95% CI 2323-3613), p < 0.001). A serological titer cut-off below 803 BAU/mL was predictive of breakthrough infection. In multivariate testing, antibody titers and cytotoxic chemotherapy were independently associated with an increased risk of outbreaks. Time-to-treatment failure after booster dosing was significantly shorter in patients who contracted SARS-CoV-2 infection (3.1 months (95% CI 2.3-3.6) vs. 16.2 months (95% CI 14.3-17.0), p < 0.001) and had an antibody level below the cut-off (3.6 months (95% CI 3.0-4.5) vs. 14.6 months (95% CI 11.9-16.3), p < 0.001). A multivariate Cox regression model confirmed that both covariates independently had a worsening effect on time-to-treatment failure. (4) Conclusions: These data support the role of vaccine boosters in preventing the incidence and severity of COVID-19 outbreaks. Enhanced humoral immunity after the third vaccination significantly correlates with protection against breakthrough infections. Strategies aimed at restraining SARS-CoV-2 transmission in advanced cancer patients undergoing active treatment should be prioritized to mitigate the impact on disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Nelli
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Medical Oncology Unit, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Agnese Fabbri
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Medical Oncology Unit, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Antonella Virtuoso
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Medical Oncology Unit, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Diana Giannarelli
- Biostatistics Unit, Scientific Directorate, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Julio Rodrigo Giron Berrios
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Medical Oncology Unit, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Eleonora Marrucci
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Medical Oncology Unit, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Cristina Fiore
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Medical Oncology Unit, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Marta Schirripa
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Medical Oncology Unit, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Carlo Signorelli
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Medical Oncology Unit, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Mario Giovanni Chilelli
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Medical Oncology Unit, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Francesca Primi
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Medical Oncology Unit, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Gloria Pessina
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Molecular Biology and Covid Diagnostics, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Federica Natoni
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Molecular Biology and Covid Diagnostics, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Silvestri
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Microbiology and Virology Unit, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Enzo Maria Ruggeri
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Medical Oncology Unit, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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10
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Casado JL, Vizcarra P, Martín-Colmenarejo S, del Pino J, Gomez-Maldonado S, Martín-Hondarza A, Vallejo A. Lower T cell response against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern after mRNA vaccine and risk of breakthrough infections in people with HIV. AIDS 2023; 37:877-882. [PMID: 36779501 PMCID: PMC10089930 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated T-cell immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) after vaccination in people with HIV (PWH), and their impact on the incidence of disease. METHODS A prospective cohort study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected a median of 53 days after second dose of mRNA vaccine. Humoral response and T cell responses against the spike (S) glycoprotein of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 (ancestral Wuhan variant) and mutated S-protein regions found in the Delta and Omicron variants were assessed by flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS In 142 PWH without preceding SARS-CoV-2 infection, bivariate correlations showed a close association between T-cell responses to the different variants. However, despite at least 70% of PWH having a cellular immune response to any variant, CD4 + and CD8 + T cell responses against VOC were lower in frequency and magnitude (-3% and -20% for Delta, -33% and -28% for Omicron variant) compared with that observed against the Wuhan strain. A higher magnitude of SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific CD8 + T cell responses against all the variants was observed in those PWH with greater immune reconstitution. Notably, 27 symptomatic breakthrough infections (19%) in the setting of Delta and Omicron transmission were observed during follow-up, associated with a significant lower humoral and T-cell response to ancestral strain and VOC. On the contrary, only one PWH with COVID-19 (4%) required hospitalization. CONCLUSION A blunted T-cell response against Delta and Omicron variant is observed in PWH who received two doses of mRNA vaccine. This lower immune response is associated with breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L. Casado
- Department of Infectious Diseases, CIBERINFEC (Centro de Investigacion en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases)
| | - Pilar Vizcarra
- Department of Infectious Diseases, CIBERINFEC (Centro de Investigacion en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases)
| | - Sara Martín-Colmenarejo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, CIBERINFEC (Centro de Investigacion en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases)
| | - Judith del Pino
- Department of Infectious Diseases, CIBERINFEC (Centro de Investigacion en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases)
| | - Sandra Gomez-Maldonado
- Department of Infectious Diseases, CIBERINFEC (Centro de Investigacion en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases)
| | | | - Alejandro Vallejo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, CIBERINFEC (Centro de Investigacion en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases)
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Saavedra C, Vallejo A, Longo F, Serrano JJ, Fernández M, Gion M, López-Miranda E, Martínez-Jáñez N, Guerra E, Chamorro J, Rosero D, Velasco H, Martín A, Carrato A, Casado JL, Cortés A. Discordant Humoral and T-Cell Response to mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine and the Risk of Breakthrough Infections in Women with Breast Cancer, Receiving Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 and 6 Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072000. [PMID: 37046661 PMCID: PMC10093435 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Few data are available about the immune response to mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with breast cancer receiving cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i). We conducted a prospective, single-center study of patients with breast cancer treated with CDK4/6i who received mRNA-1273 vaccination, as well as a comparative group of healthcare workers. The primary endpoint was to compare the rate and magnitude of humoral and T-cell response after full vaccination. A better neutralizing antibody and anti-S IgG level was observed after vaccination in the subgroup of women receiving CDK4/6i, but a trend toward a reduced CD4 and CD8 T-cell response in the CDK4/6i group was not statistically significant. There were no differences in the rate of COVID-19 after vaccination (19% vs. 12%), but breakthrough infections were observed in those with lower levels of anti-S IgG and neutralizing antibodies after the first dose. A lower rate of CD4 T-cell response was also found in those individuals with breakthrough infections, although a non-significant and similar level of CD8 T-cell response was also observed, regardless of breakthrough infections. The rate of adverse events was higher in patients treated with CDK4/6i, without serious adverse events. In conclusion, there was a robust humoral response, but a blunted T-cell response to mRNA vaccine in women receiving CDK4/6i, suggesting a reduced trend of the adaptative immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Saavedra
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Vallejo
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Longo
- CIBERONC, Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Alcalá University, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Serrano
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Fernández
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Gion
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena López-Miranda
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Martínez-Jáñez
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Guerra
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Chamorro
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Rosero
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Héctor Velasco
- CiberInfect, Infectious Disease Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Martín
- CiberInfect, Infectious Disease Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Carrato
- CIBERONC, Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Alcalá University, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Casado
- CiberInfect, Infectious Disease Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.L.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Alfonso Cortés
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.L.C.); (A.C.)
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12
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Halfon P, Jordana S, Blachier S, Cartlamy P, Kbaier L, Psomas CK, Philibert P, Antoniotti G, Allemand-Sourrieu J, Rebaudet S, Cavaille G, Stavris C, Retornaz F, Chiche L, Penaranda G. Anti-spike protein to determine SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels: Is there a specific threshold conferring protection in immunocompromised patients? PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281257. [PMID: 37115758 PMCID: PMC10146437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying a specific threshold level of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies that confers protection in immunocompromised patients has been very challenging. The aim was to assess the threshold of 264 binding antibody units (BAU)/ml using four different SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays (Abbott, Beckman, Roche, and Siemens) and to establish a new optimal threshold of protection for each of the four antibody assays. METHODS This study was performed on data retrieved from 69 individuals, who received at least one dose of the Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2 or Moderna COVID-19 vaccine (Spikevax) at the Alphabio Laboratory in Marseille, France (European Hospital, Alphabio-Biogroup). The results were compared to the percent inhibition calculated using a functional surrogate of a standardized virus neutralization test (Genscript). RESULTS Samples from 69 patients were analyzed. For a reference cutoff of 264 BAU/ml, assays showed moderate to good overall concordance with Genscript: 87% concordance for Abbott, 78% for Beckman, 75% for Roche, and 88% for Siemens. Overall concordance increased consistently after applying new thresholds, i.e., 148 BAU/ml (Abbott), 48 (Beckman), 559 (Roche), and 270 (Siemens). CONCLUSION We suggest specific adjusted thresholds (BAU/ml) for the four commercial antibody assays that are used to assess pre-exposure prophylaxis in immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Halfon
- Laboratoire Alphabio-Biogroup, Marseille, France
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine, Hôpital Européen, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Christina K Psomas
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine, Hôpital Européen, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Philibert
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine, Hôpital Européen, Marseille, France
| | | | - Julie Allemand-Sourrieu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine, Hôpital Européen, Marseille, France
| | - Stanislas Rebaudet
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine, Hôpital Européen, Marseille, France
| | - Guilhem Cavaille
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine, Hôpital Européen, Marseille, France
| | - Chloé Stavris
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine, Hôpital Européen, Marseille, France
| | - Frédérique Retornaz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine, Hôpital Européen, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Chiche
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine, Hôpital Européen, Marseille, France
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13
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Chensue SW, Siler AF, Kim PS, Dimcheff DE, Daghfal DJ, Prostko J, Frias E, Linder KA, Schildhouse RJ. SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Spike IgG Antibody and ACE2 Receptor Binding Inhibition Levels among Breakthrough Stage Veteran Patients. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0274722. [PMID: 36409132 PMCID: PMC9769865 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02747-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines have been critical to curbing pandemic COVID-19; however, a major shortcoming has been the inability to assess levels of protection after vaccination. This study assessed serologic status of breakthrough infections in vaccinated patients at a Veterans Administration medical center from June through December 2021 during a SARS-CoV-2 delta variant wave. Breakthrough occurred mostly beyond 150 days after two-dose vaccination with a mean of 239 days. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) IgG levels were low at 0 to 2 days postsymptoms but increased in subjects presenting thereafter. Population measurements of anti-S IgG and angiotensin converting enzyme-2 receptor (ACE2-R) binding inhibition among uninfected, vaccinated patients suggested immune decay occurred after 150 days with 62% having anti-S IgG levels at or below 1,000 AU comparable with breakthrough patients at 0 to 2 days postsymptom onset. In contrast, vaccination after resolved infection conferred robust enduring anti-S IgG levels (5,000 to >50,000 AU) with >90% ACE2-R binding inhibition. However, monoclonal antibody (MAb)-treated patients did not benefit from their prior infection suggesting impaired establishment of B cell memory. Analysis of boosted patients confirmed the benefit of a third vaccine dose with most having anti-S IgG levels above 5,000 AU with >90% ACE2-R binding inhibition, but a subset had levels <5,000 AU. Anti-S IgG levels >5,000 AU were associated with >90% ACE2-R binding inhibition and no documented breakthrough infections, whereas levels falling below 5,000 AU and approaching 1,000 AU were associated with breakthrough infections. Thus, quantitative antibody measurements may provide a means to guide vaccination intervals for the individual. IMPORTANCE Currently, clinicians have no guidance for the serologic assessment of SARS-Cov-2 postvaccination status regarding protection and risk of infection. Vaccination and boosters are administered blindly without evaluation of need or outcome at the individual level. The recent development of automated quantitative assays for anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG antibodies permits accurate measurement of humoral immunity in standardized units. Clinical studies, such as reported here, will help establish protective antibody levels allowing identification and targeted management of poor vaccine responders and vaccinated subjects undergoing immune decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W. Chensue
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Paul S. Kim
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of Hospital Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Derek E. Dimcheff
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of Hospital Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - David J. Daghfal
- Abbott Laboratories, CoreLab Division, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
| | - John Prostko
- Abbott Laboratories, CoreLab Division, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
| | - Edwin Frias
- Abbott Laboratories, CoreLab Division, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
| | - Kathleen A. Linder
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Richard J. Schildhouse
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of Hospital Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Neutralizing Antibody Responses Elicited by Inactivated Whole Virus and Genetic Vaccines against Dominant SARS-CoV-2 Variants during the Four Epidemic Peaks of COVID-19 in Colombia. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122144. [PMID: 36560554 PMCID: PMC9786731 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) and interest (VOI) co-circulate in Colombia, and determining the neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses is useful to improve the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination programs. Thus, nAb responses against SARS-CoV-2 isolates from the lineages B.1.111, P.1 (Gamma), B.1.621 (Mu), AY.25.1 (Delta), and BA.1 (Omicron), were evaluated in serum samples from immunologically naïve individuals between 9 and 13 weeks after receiving complete regimens of CoronaVac, BNT162b2, ChAdOx1, or Ad26.COV2.S, using microneutralization assays. An overall reduction of the nAb responses against Mu, Delta, and Omicron, relative to B.1.111 and Gamma was observed in sera from vaccinated individuals with BNT162b2, ChAdOx1, and Ad26.COV2.S. The seropositivity rate elicited by all the vaccines against B.1.111 and Gamma was 100%, while for Mu, Delta, and Omicron ranged between 32 to 87%, 65 to 96%, and 41 to 96%, respectively, depending on the vaccine tested. The significant reductions in the nAb responses against the last three dominant SARS-CoV-2 lineages in Colombia indicate that booster doses should be administered following complete vaccination schemes to increase the nAb titers against emerging SARS-CoV-2 lineages.
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15
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Perrier Q, Lupo J, Gerster T, Augier C, Falque L, Rostaing L, Pelletier L, Bedouch P, Blanc M, Saint-Raymond C, Boignard A, Bonadona A, Noble J, Epaulard O. SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibodies after a fourth dose of COVID-19 vaccine in adult solid-organ transplant recipients. Vaccine 2022; 40:6404-6411. [PMID: 36184404 PMCID: PMC9444490 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A fourth dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is recommended in solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients, but the immunogenicity is poorly known. METHODS We conducted a retrospective, observational, monocentric study between the 1st January 2021 and 31st March 2022 of the anti-Spike antibody titers after one to four doses of vaccine in SOT. RESULTS 825 SOT were included. Median age at first vaccine injection was 61.2 (IQR 50.9-69.3) years; 66.7 % were male; 63.4 % had received four vaccine doses. The proportion of participants with a strong humoral response (>260 BAU/mL) increased with the number of vaccine doses: 10.6 % after the 1st dose (D1), 35.1 % after the 2nd (D2), 48.5 % after the 3rd (D3), and 65.1 % after the 4th (D4) (p < 0.001). Among the tested patients, the proportion with a detectable humoral response was significantly higher after D4 than after D3 (47 % vs 22 %, p = 0.01). Liver transplant recipients had more frequently a strong humoral response after D2, D3 and D4 (OR = 5.3, 3.7 and 6.6 respectively when compared with other organ transplant recipients, p < 0.001). In kidney transplant recipients, belatacept-containing regimen was associated with a lower rate of detectable humoral (9 % vs 40 %, p = 0.025) after D3, but there was no statistical difference after D4. CONCLUSION A fourth dose should be proposed to SOT recipients who did not developed an immune response after 3 doses. Kidney transplant recipients receiving belatacept have a poorer, although frequently detectable response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Perrier
- Pharmacy Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital and Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetic (LBFA), INSERM U1055, Grenoble, France
| | - Julien Lupo
- Virology Laboratory, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital and Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Théophile Gerster
- Hepatogastroenterology Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Caroline Augier
- Cardiology Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Loïc Falque
- Pneumology and Physiology Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Lionel Rostaing
- Nephrology, Hemodialysis, Apheresis and Kidney Transplantation Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital and Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurent Pelletier
- Virology Laboratory, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Pierrick Bedouch
- Pharmacy Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital and Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble, France
| | - Myriam Blanc
- Infectious Diseases Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital and Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Groupe de Recherche en Infectiologie Clinique, CIC-1406, INSERM, Grenoble, France
| | - Christel Saint-Raymond
- Pneumology and Physiology Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Aude Boignard
- Cardiology Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Agnès Bonadona
- Hepatogastroenterology Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Johan Noble
- Nephrology, Hemodialysis, Apheresis and Kidney Transplantation Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital and Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Epaulard
- Infectious Diseases Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital and Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Groupe de Recherche en Infectiologie Clinique, CIC-1406, INSERM, Grenoble, France,Corresponding author at: Service des maladie infectieuses, CHU Grenoble Alpes, France
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16
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Zhuo R, Charlton C, Plitt S, Thompson LA, Braun S, Day J, Osiowy C, Tipples G, Kanji JN. Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody quantitative titer reporting using the World Health Organization International Standard Units by four commercial assays. J Clin Virol 2022; 156:105292. [PMID: 36108404 PMCID: PMC9444336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The accurate measurement of serological response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is needed to correlate responses with effective protective immunity. The World Health Organization (WHO) has created an international standard to allow harmonization of immune response assessment to an arbitrary unit across different commercial assays; however, the accuracy of reporting of SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody titers in international standard units (BAU or IU/mL) from commercial assays is not well studied. Here, we report the performance comparison of four quantitative commercial assays testing for SARS-CoV-2 spike immunoglobins using the WHO's international standard. Sera, EDTA-plasma and heparinized plasma collected from individuals who are vaccine naïve or received BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech), mRNA-1273 (Moderna) or ChAdOx1-S (Oxford-AstraZeneca) were tested using Abbott Architect AdviseDx SARS-CoV-2 IgG II, DiaSorin LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG, Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S and GenScript cPass SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus neutralization assays. The sensitivities ranged from 90% to 100%, and specificities from 88% to 100%. These four assays had excellent agreement (0.79–0.93) and correlation (0.87–0.97); however, Passing-Bablok regression analysis indicated that data generated by these assays were not comparable. Our data suggests that natural SARS-CoV-2 infection elicited a greater antibody response compared to vaccines, evident by a significantly higher neutralizing antibody titer in unvaccinated individuals who seroconverted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhuo
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Carmen Charlton
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sabrina Plitt
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Centre for Communicable Diseases and Infection Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - L Alexa Thompson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sheila Braun
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Day
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Carla Osiowy
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.; University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Graham Tipples
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jamil N Kanji
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Section of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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17
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Longitudinal dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 anti-receptor binding domain IgG antibodies in a wide population of health care workers after BNT162b2 vaccination. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 122:174-177. [PMID: 35661687 PMCID: PMC9153179 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES With the availability of vaccines, commercial assays detecting anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies evolved toward quantitative assays directed to the spike glycoprotein or its receptor-binding domain (RBD). The objective was to perform a large-scale, longitudinal study involving health care workers (HCWs), with the aim of establishing the kinetics of immune response throughout the 9-month period after receipt of the second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine. METHODS Quantitative determination of immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies against the RBD of the S1 subunit of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 on the Alinity systems. RESULTS The highest levels of anti-RBD IgG were measured after 1 month from full vaccination (median: 1432 binding antibody units/ml [BAU/ml]); subsequently, a steep decrease (7.4-fold decrease) in IgG levels was observed at 6 months (median: 194.3 BAU/ml), with a further 2.5-fold decrease at 9 months (median: 79.3 BAU/ml). Furthermore, the same data, when analyzed for sex, showed significant differences between male and female participants at both 1 and 9 months from vaccination, but not at 6 months. CONCLUSION Our results confirm the tendency of anti-RBD antibodies to decrease over time, also when extending the analysis up to 9 months, and highlight a better ability of the female sex to produce antibodies 1 month and 9 months after vaccination. Overall, these data, obtained in a wide population of HCWs, support the importance of having increased the vaccine doses.
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18
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Müller L, Kannenberg J, Biemann R, Hönemann M, Ackermann G, Jassoy C. Comparison of the measured values of quantitative SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody assays. J Clin Virol 2022; 155:105269. [PMID: 36029637 PMCID: PMC9388276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background The concentration of antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is frequently being measured for clinical and epidemiological purposes. The aim of this study was to examine whether the results of different quantitative SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody assays are comparable. Material and methods The Siemens SARS-CoV-2 IgG, Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant, Roche ElecsysT Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S, and Euroimmun Anti-SARS-CoV-2-QuantiVac assay were compared with 110 sera from patients 6-9 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection and the WHO First International SARS-CoV-2 antibody standard 20/136. The antibody values were converted into WHO binding antibody units (BAU)/ml. The diagnostic sensitivity of the assays was determined and the antibody values were compared. Results The diagnostic sensitivity ranged from 57.3% (Euroimmun) to 100% (Roche). The antibody concentration values of different assays correlated with Pearson coefficients of correlation between 0.729 and 0.953. The geometric mean antibody values of the Abbott, Siemens and Euroimmun assay varied by a factor of 1.1-1.2. The geometric mean antibody values of the Roche assay were 2.4-2.8 times higher than those from the other assays. The assays yielded varying results with the WHO International antibody standard. Conclusions The quantitative SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays from Abbott, Siemens, Roche and Euroimmun correlate strongly but differ in the antibody concentrations. Therefore, the same assay should be used when testing patients repeatedly. In addition, the name of the assay used and the manufacturer should be indicated along with the test results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Müller
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Judith Kannenberg
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Ronald Biemann
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mario Hönemann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | | | - Christian Jassoy
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, Leipzig 04103, Germany.
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19
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Hirabidian M, Bocket L, Demaret J, Vuotto F, Rabat A, Faure K, Labalette M, Hober D, Lefevre G, Alidjinou EK. Evaluation of a rapid semiquantitative lateral flow assay for the prediction of serum neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants. J Clin Virol 2022; 155:105268. [PMID: 35998394 PMCID: PMC9383946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 have been shown to correlate with protection against infection. Simple tools such as lateral flow assays (LFA) that can accurately measure NAbs may be useful for monitoring anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity in the future. Objectives We assessed the performance of the ichroma™ COVID-19 nAb test, a rapid semiquantitative LFA, for the prediction of serum neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Study design Serum samples were collected from COVID-19 recovered patients and vaccinated individuals. The result of the ichroma assay was provided as inhibition rate, and was compared to anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels, and NAbs against Alpha, Delta and Omicron variants. Results A total of 90 sera from recovered unvaccinated patients and 209 sera from the vaccine cohort were included in this study. In post-infection samples, the ichroma inhbition rate was found to be correlated with IgG levels (ρ = 0.83), and with anti-Alpha NAbs levels (ρ = 0.78). In the vaccine cohort, a good correlation was also observed between the ichroma inhibition rate and IgG levels (ρ = 0.84), as well as NAbs against Alpha (ρ = 0.62), Delta (ρ = 0.88) and Omicron (ρ = 0.74). An ichroma inhbition rate of 77.2%, 90.8% and 99.6% accurately predicted neutralization against Alpha, Delta and Omicron variants respectively. Conclusions The ichroma™ COVID-19 nAb assay, with appropriate variant cut-offs, can be useful for the monitoring of anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunization and may provide a rapid prediction of protection, especially in individuals with significant levels of NAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Hirabidian
- Univ Lille, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Laurence Bocket
- Univ Lille, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Julie Demaret
- CHU Lille, Institut d'Immunologie, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation Inserm Univ. Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Fanny Vuotto
- CHU Lille, Département de Maladies Infectieuses, F-59000 Lille France
| | - Anthony Rabat
- Univ Lille, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Karine Faure
- CHU Lille, Département de Maladies Infectieuses, F-59000 Lille France
| | - Myriam Labalette
- CHU Lille, Institut d'Immunologie, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation Inserm Univ. Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Didier Hober
- Univ Lille, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Guillaume Lefevre
- CHU Lille, Institut d'Immunologie, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation Inserm Univ. Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
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20
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Nielsen BU, Drabe CH, Barnkob MB, Johansen IS, Hansen AKK, Nilsson AC, Rasmussen LD. Antibody response following the third and fourth SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose in individuals with common variable immunodeficiency. Front Immunol 2022; 13:934476. [PMID: 35967433 PMCID: PMC9366053 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.934476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe antibody response after vaccination is impaired in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID).ObjectiveWe aimed to study the spike receptor-binding domain IgG antibody (anti-S-RBD) levels during a four-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccination strategy and after monoclonal antibody (mAB) treatment in CVID. Moreover, we assessed the anti-S-RBD levels in immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT) products.MethodsIn an observational study, we examined anti-S-RBD levels after the second, third, and fourth dose of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Moreover, we measured anti-S-RBD after treatment with mAB. Finally, anti-S-RBD was assessed in common IgRT products. Antibody non-responders (anti-S-RBD < 7.1) were compared by McNemar’s test and anti-S-RBD levels were compared with paired and non-paired Wilcoxon signed rank tests as well as Kruskal–Wallis tests.ResultsAmong 33 individuals with CVID, anti-S-RBD levels increased after the third vaccine dose (165 BAU/ml [95% confidence interval: 85; 2280 BAU/ml], p = 0.006) and tended to increase after the fourth dose (193 BAU/ml, [−22; 569 BAU/ml], p = 0.080) compared to the previous dose. With increasing number of vaccinations, the proportion of patients who seroconverted (anti-S-RBD ≥ 7.1) increased non-significantly. mAB treatment resulted in a large increase in anti-S-RBD and a higher median level than gained after the fourth dose of vaccine (p = 0.009). IgRT products had varying concentrations of anti-S-RBD (p < 0.001), but none of the products seemed to affect the overall antibody levels (p = 0.460).ConclusionMultiple SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses in CVID seem to provide additional protection, as antibody levels increased after the third and fourth vaccine dose. However, anti-S-RBD levels from mAB outperform the levels mounted after vaccination.Clinical ImplicationsBoosting with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines seems to improve the antibody response in CVID patients.Capsule summaryThe third and possibly also the fourth dose of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in CVID improve the antibody response as well as stimulate seroconversion in most non-responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Uhre Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Heldbjerg Drabe
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Isik Somuncu Johansen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, & Research Unit for Infectious Diseases, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anne Kirstine Kronborg Hansen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, & Research Unit for Infectious Diseases, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Line Dahlerup Rasmussen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, & Research Unit for Infectious Diseases, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- OPEN, Odense Patient data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Line Dahlerup Rasmussen,
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21
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Saker K, Pozzetto B, Escuret V, Pitiot V, Massardier-Pilonchéry A, Mokdad B, Langlois-Jacques C, Rabilloud M, Alfaiate D, Guibert N, Fassier JB, Bal A, Trouillet-Assant S, Trabaud MA. Evaluation of commercial Anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody assays in seropositive subjects. J Clin Virol 2022; 152:105169. [PMID: 35568003 PMCID: PMC9044730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The virus neutralization test (VNT) is the reference for the assessment of the functional ability of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) to block SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells. New competitive immunoassays measuring antibodies preventing interaction between the spike protein and its cellular receptor are proposed as surrogate VNT (sVNT). We tested three commercial sVNT (a qualitative immunochromatographic test and two quantitative immunoassays named YHLO and TECO) together with a conventional anti-spike IgG assay (bioMérieux) in comparison with an in-house plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50) using the original 19A strain and different variants of concern (VOC), on a panel of 306 sera from naturally-infected or vaccinated patients. The qualitative test was rapidly discarded because of poor sensitivity and specificity. Areas under the curve of YHLO and TECO assays were, respectively, 85.83 and 84.07 (p-value >0.05) using a positivity threshold of 20 for PRNT50, and 95.63 and 90.35 (p-value =0.02) using a threshold of 80. However, the performances of YHLO and bioMérieux were very close for both thresholds, demonstrating the absence of added value of sVNT compared to a conventional assay for the evaluation of the presence of NAb in seropositive subjects. In addition, the PRNT50 assay showed a reduction of NAb titers towards different VOC in comparison to the 19A strain that could not be appreciated by the commercial tests. Despite the good correlation between the anti-spike antibody titer and the titer of NAb by PRNT50, our results highlight the difficulty to distinguish true NAb among the anti-RBD antibodies with commercial user-friendly immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahina Saker
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Laboratoire associé au Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, IAI, Centre de Biologie Nord, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, F-69317, Lyon Cedex 04, France,Corresponding author
| | - Bruno Pozzetto
- CIRI- International Center of Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, F-69008, Lyon, France
| | - Vanessa Escuret
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Laboratoire associé au Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, IAI, Centre de Biologie Nord, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, F-69317, Lyon Cedex 04, France,CIRI- International Center of Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, F-69008, Lyon, France
| | - Virginie Pitiot
- Occupational Health and Medicine Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Bouchra Mokdad
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Laboratoire associé au Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, IAI, Centre de Biologie Nord, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, F-69317, Lyon Cedex 04, France
| | - Carole Langlois-Jacques
- CNRS, UMR 5558, University of Lyon, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Equipe Biostatistique-Santé, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Muriel Rabilloud
- CNRS, UMR 5558, University of Lyon, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Equipe Biostatistique-Santé, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Dulce Alfaiate
- Occupational Health and Medicine Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Guibert
- Occupational Health and Medicine Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Antonin Bal
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Laboratoire associé au Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, IAI, Centre de Biologie Nord, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, F-69317, Lyon Cedex 04, France
| | - Sophie Trouillet-Assant
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Laboratoire associé au Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, IAI, Centre de Biologie Nord, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, F-69317, Lyon Cedex 04, France,CIRI- International Center of Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, F-69008, Lyon, France
| | - Mary-Anne Trabaud
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Laboratoire associé au Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, IAI, Centre de Biologie Nord, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, F-69317, Lyon Cedex 04, France
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22
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Cortés A, Casado JL, Longo F, Serrano JJ, Saavedra C, Velasco H, Martin A, Chamorro J, Rosero D, Fernández M, Gion M, Martínez Jáñez N, Soria Rivas A, Alonso Gordoa T, Martínez Delfrade Í, Lage Y, López Miranda E, Olmedo ME, Reguera Puertas P, Gajate P, Molina Cerrillo J, Guerra Alia E, Fuentes Mateos R, Romero B, Rodríguez-Domínguez MJ, Vallejo A, Carrato A. Limited T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine among patients with cancer receiving different cancer treatments. Eur J Cancer 2022; 166:229-239. [PMID: 35316750 PMCID: PMC8885286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with cancer (PC) are at high risk of acquiring COVID-19 and can develop more serious complications. Deeper understanding of vaccines immunogenicity in this population is crucial for adequately planning vaccines programs. The ONCOVac study aimed to comprehensively assess the immunogenicity of mRNA-1273 vaccine in terms of humoral and cellular response. METHODS We conducted a prospective, single-center study including patients with solid tumours treated with cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i), immunotherapy (IT) or chemotherapy (CT). Patients were enrolled previously to vaccination with mRNA-1273. We also involved health care workers (HCW) to serve as a control group. We took blood samples before first dose administration (BL), after first dose (1D), and after second dose (2D). The primary objective was to compare the rate and magnitude of T cell response after second dose whereas safety and humoral response were defined as secondary objectives. We also collected patient reported outcomes after both the first and second vaccine dose and a six-month follow-up period to diagnose incident COVID-19 cases was planned. RESULTS The rate of specific anti-S serologic positivity (anti-S IgG cut-off point at 7,14 BAU/mL) was significantly higher in HCW compared to PC after 1D (100% versus 83.8%; p = 0.04), but similar after 2D (100% versus 95.8%; p = 0.5). This difference after 1D was driven by PC treated with CT (100% versus 64.5%; p = 0.001). Cellular response after 2D was significantly lower in PC than in HCW for both CD4+ (91.7% versus 59.7%; p = 0.001) and CD8+ (94.4% versus 55.6%; p < 0.001) T cells. We found a difference on pre-existing CD4+ T cell response in HCW comparing to PC (36% and 17%, p = 0.03); without difference in pre-existing CD8+ T cell response (31% and 23%, p = 0.5). After excluding patients with pre-existing T cell response, PC achieved even lower CD4+ (50.9% versus 95.5%, p < 0.001) and CD8+ (45.5% versus 95.5%, p < 0.001) T cell response compared with HCW. Regarding safety, PC reported notably more adverse events than HCW (96.6% versus 69.2%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION We demonstrated that PC showed a similar humoral response but a lower T cell response following two doses of mRNA-1273 vaccination. Further studies are needed to complement our results and determine the implication of low T cell response on clinical protection of PC against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Cortés
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - José L Casado
- Infectious Disease Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Longo
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERONC), Alcalá de Henares University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Serrano
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Saavedra
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Héctor Velasco
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Infectious Diseases Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Martin
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Infectious Diseases Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Chamorro
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Rosero
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Fernández
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Gion
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Martínez Jáñez
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ainara Soria Rivas
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Alonso Gordoa
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Íñigo Martínez Delfrade
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Lage
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena López Miranda
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - María E Olmedo
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Reguera Puertas
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Gajate
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Molina Cerrillo
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Guerra Alia
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Fuentes Mateos
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Romero
- Microbiology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario J Rodríguez-Domínguez
- Microbiology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Spain
| | - Alejandro Vallejo
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Infectious Diseases Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alfredo Carrato
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERONC), Alcalá de Henares University, Madrid, Spain.
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23
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Leclerc M, Redjoul R, Le Bouter A, Beckerich F, Robin C, Parinet V, Pautas C, Menouche D, Bouledroua S, Roy L, Cabanne L, Nait-Sidenas Y, Fourati S, Maury S. Determinants of SARS-CoV-2 waning immunity in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:27. [PMID: 35303906 PMCID: PMC8931584 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01250-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients are at high-risk for severe COVID-19 and have altered immune responses to vaccination. We sought to evaluate the dynamics of immune response to BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in HSCT recipients. We systematically proposed vaccination with BNT162b2 to HSCT recipients and gave a third vaccine dose to those showing titers of IgG(S-RBD) below 4160 AU/mL 1 month following the second dose. We then quantified anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies dynamics in 133 of these HSCT recipients (88 after two and 45 after three vaccine doses) 6 months after the first vaccine dose. Mean IgG(S-RBD) titer at 6 months was significantly lower than the peak value measured 1 month after a second (p < 0.001) or third (p < 0.01) vaccine dose. IgG(S-RBD) titers at 6 months were strongly correlated to peak values (p < 0.001) and a peak titer above 10,370 AU/mL predicted persistent protection at 6 months. Seventy-two percent (96/133) of patients retained protective antibody levels at 6 months. Immunosuppressive drugs and low lymphocyte counts in peripheral blood correlated with lower IgG(S-RBD) titers at 6 months. Four patients (3%) developed PCR-documented SARS-CoV-2 infection and one died.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Leclerc
- Hematology Department, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire TRUE InnovaTive theRapy for immUne disordErsHenri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 51 avenue du Mal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
- INSERM U955, Paris Est Créteil University UPEC, Créteil, France
| | - Rabah Redjoul
- Hematology Department, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire TRUE InnovaTive theRapy for immUne disordErsHenri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 51 avenue du Mal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Anne Le Bouter
- Virology Department, Henri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Créteil, France
| | - Florence Beckerich
- Hematology Department, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire TRUE InnovaTive theRapy for immUne disordErsHenri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 51 avenue du Mal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Christine Robin
- Hematology Department, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire TRUE InnovaTive theRapy for immUne disordErsHenri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 51 avenue du Mal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Parinet
- Hematology Department, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire TRUE InnovaTive theRapy for immUne disordErsHenri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 51 avenue du Mal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Cécile Pautas
- Hematology Department, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire TRUE InnovaTive theRapy for immUne disordErsHenri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 51 avenue du Mal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
- INSERM U955, Paris Est Créteil University UPEC, Créteil, France
| | - Dehbia Menouche
- Hematology Department, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire TRUE InnovaTive theRapy for immUne disordErsHenri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 51 avenue du Mal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Selwa Bouledroua
- Hematology Department, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire TRUE InnovaTive theRapy for immUne disordErsHenri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 51 avenue du Mal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Lydia Roy
- Hematology Department, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire TRUE InnovaTive theRapy for immUne disordErsHenri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 51 avenue du Mal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
- INSERM U955, Paris Est Créteil University UPEC, Créteil, France
| | - Ludovic Cabanne
- Hematology Department, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire TRUE InnovaTive theRapy for immUne disordErsHenri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 51 avenue du Mal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Yakout Nait-Sidenas
- Hematology Department, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire TRUE InnovaTive theRapy for immUne disordErsHenri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 51 avenue du Mal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Slim Fourati
- INSERM U955, Paris Est Créteil University UPEC, Créteil, France
- Virology Department, Henri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Créteil, France
| | - Sébastien Maury
- Hematology Department, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire TRUE InnovaTive theRapy for immUne disordErsHenri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 51 avenue du Mal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France.
- INSERM U955, Paris Est Créteil University UPEC, Créteil, France.
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24
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Portilho AI, Gimenes Lima G, De Gaspari E. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay: An Adaptable Methodology to Study SARS-CoV-2 Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses. J Clin Med 2022; 11:1503. [PMID: 35329828 PMCID: PMC8948777 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay is a versatile technique, which can be used for several applications. It has enormously contributed to the study of infectious diseases. This review highlights how this methodology supported the science conducted in COVID-19 pandemics, allowing scientists to better understand the immune response against SARS-CoV-2. ELISA can be modified to assess the functionality of antibodies, as avidity and neutralization, respectively by the standardization of avidity-ELISA and surrogate-neutralization methods. Cellular immunity can also be studied using this assay. Products secreted by cells, like proteins and cytokines, can be studied by ELISA or its derivative Enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay. ELISA and ELISA-based methods aided the area of immunology against infectious diseases and is still relevant, for example, as a promising approach to study the differences between natural and vaccine-induced immune responses against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Izeli Portilho
- Immunology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo 01246-902, SP, Brazil; (A.I.P.); (G.G.L.)
- Graduate Program Interunits in Biotechnology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Gimenes Lima
- Immunology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo 01246-902, SP, Brazil; (A.I.P.); (G.G.L.)
- Graduate Program Interunits in Biotechnology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth De Gaspari
- Immunology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo 01246-902, SP, Brazil; (A.I.P.); (G.G.L.)
- Graduate Program Interunits in Biotechnology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil
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25
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Affeldt P, Koehler FC, Brensing KA, Adam V, Burian J, Butt L, Gies M, Grundmann F, Hinrichs S, Johannis W, Kalisch N, Meyer-Delpho M, Oehm S, Platen E, Schöler C, Heger E, Steger G, Stippel D, Ziegelhöfer A, Benzing T, Klein F, Kurschat C, Müller RU, Di Cristanziano V. Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination in Dialysis Patients and Kidney Transplant Recipients. Microorganisms 2021; 10:4. [PMID: 35056453 PMCID: PMC8779774 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dialysis patients and kidney transplant (KTX) recipients suffer from an impaired immune system and show a decreased response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination. We performed a retrospective analysis of 1505 serological SARS-CoV-2 measurements obtained from 887 dialysis patients and 86 KTX recipients. The results were separated by patient subgroups (dialysis/KTX) as well as SARS-CoV-2 status. The latter criterion included SARS-CoV-2-naïve patients with or without COVID-19 vaccination and convalescent patients receiving a booster shot. Serologies of 27 vaccinated healthy individuals served as the reference group. Vaccine-induced cellular immune response was quantified by an interferon-γ release assay in 32 KTX recipients. We determined seroconversion rates of 92.6%, 93.4%, and 71.4% in dialysis patients vaccinated with either BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, or AZD1222, respectively. Vaccination-induced anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers were lower in dialysis patients compared to healthy individuals, and vaccination with mRNA-1273 induced higher titers than BNT162b2. The initial seroconversion rate was 39.5% in KTX recipients vaccinated with BNT162b2. A linear regression model identified medication with mycophenolate-mofetil/mycophenolic acid as an independent risk factor for missing seroconversion. Within a cohort of 32 KTX recipients, cellular and humoral immune reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 was detectable in three patients only. Conclusively, vaccine-induced seroconversion rates were similar in dialysis patients compared to healthy individuals but were strongly impaired in KTX recipients. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers elicited by double active immunization were significantly lower in both cohorts compared to healthy individuals, and immune responses to vaccination vanished quickly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Affeldt
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (P.A.); (F.C.K.); (V.A.); (L.B.); (F.G.); (S.H.); (N.K.); (S.O.); (T.B.); (C.K.)
| | - Felix Carlo Koehler
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (P.A.); (F.C.K.); (V.A.); (L.B.); (F.G.); (S.H.); (N.K.); (S.O.); (T.B.); (C.K.)
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Vivien Adam
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (P.A.); (F.C.K.); (V.A.); (L.B.); (F.G.); (S.H.); (N.K.); (S.O.); (T.B.); (C.K.)
| | - Julia Burian
- Nieren- und Dialysezentrum Rheinbach, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany;
| | - Linus Butt
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (P.A.); (F.C.K.); (V.A.); (L.B.); (F.G.); (S.H.); (N.K.); (S.O.); (T.B.); (C.K.)
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Gies
- KfH-Nierenzentrum Köln-Longerich, 50737 Cologne, Germany; (M.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Franziska Grundmann
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (P.A.); (F.C.K.); (V.A.); (L.B.); (F.G.); (S.H.); (N.K.); (S.O.); (T.B.); (C.K.)
| | - Steffen Hinrichs
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (P.A.); (F.C.K.); (V.A.); (L.B.); (F.G.); (S.H.); (N.K.); (S.O.); (T.B.); (C.K.)
| | - Wibke Johannis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Nils Kalisch
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (P.A.); (F.C.K.); (V.A.); (L.B.); (F.G.); (S.H.); (N.K.); (S.O.); (T.B.); (C.K.)
| | | | - Simon Oehm
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (P.A.); (F.C.K.); (V.A.); (L.B.); (F.G.); (S.H.); (N.K.); (S.O.); (T.B.); (C.K.)
| | - Eva Platen
- Nierenzentrum Eifel, 53894 Mechernich, Germany;
| | - Claudia Schöler
- KfH-Nierenzentrum Köln-Longerich, 50737 Cologne, Germany; (M.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Eva Heger
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany; (E.H.); (G.S.); (A.Z.); (F.K.)
| | - Gertrud Steger
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany; (E.H.); (G.S.); (A.Z.); (F.K.)
| | - Dirk Stippel
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Aileen Ziegelhöfer
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany; (E.H.); (G.S.); (A.Z.); (F.K.)
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (P.A.); (F.C.K.); (V.A.); (L.B.); (F.G.); (S.H.); (N.K.); (S.O.); (T.B.); (C.K.)
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Klein
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany; (E.H.); (G.S.); (A.Z.); (F.K.)
| | - Christine Kurschat
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (P.A.); (F.C.K.); (V.A.); (L.B.); (F.G.); (S.H.); (N.K.); (S.O.); (T.B.); (C.K.)
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Roman-Ulrich Müller
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (P.A.); (F.C.K.); (V.A.); (L.B.); (F.G.); (S.H.); (N.K.); (S.O.); (T.B.); (C.K.)
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Veronica Di Cristanziano
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany; (E.H.); (G.S.); (A.Z.); (F.K.)
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