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Limoges MA, Lortie A, Demontier É, Quenum AJI, Lessard F, Drouin Z, Carrier N, Nguimbus LM, Beaulieu MC, Boire G, Piché A, Allard-Chamard H, Ramanathan S, Roux S. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine-induced immune responses in rheumatoid arthritis. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:358-367. [PMID: 37478373 PMCID: PMC10533224 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to characterize T and B cell responses to vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 antigens in immunocompromised rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. In 22 RA patients, clinical and biological variables were analyzed before and 4 weeks after each of 3 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine doses and compared with unmatched healthy individuals. Sequentially sampled peripheral blood mononuclear cells and sera were collected to determine immune profiles and to analyze the T cell response to a spike peptide pool and B cell specificity to the receptor-binding domain (RBD). Anti-spike antibodies were detectable in 6 of 22 RA patients after 1 dose of vaccine with increasing titers after each booster dose, although the overall response was lower compared with that in healthy control individuals. Responding patients after the first dose were more likely to have RA antibodies and a higher baseline proportion of circulating follicular B cells. In RA patients, the mRNA vaccine elicited a robust CD4+ T response to a spike peptide pool following the first and second doses. Consistent with the serologies, RBD-specific B cells exhibited a modest increase after the first dose and the second dose resulted in marked increases only in a fraction of the RA patients to both ancestral and omicron RBD. Our results highlight the importance of multidose COVID-19 vaccination in RA patients to develop a protective humoral response. However, these patients rapidly develop specific T CD4+ responses, despite delayed B cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-André Limoges
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th avenue N, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada, J1H5N4
| | - Audrey Lortie
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th avenue N, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada, J1H5N4
| | - Élodie Demontier
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th avenue N, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada, J1H5N4
| | - Akouavi Julite Irmine Quenum
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th avenue N, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada, J1H5N4
| | - Félix Lessard
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th avenue N, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada, J1H5N4
| | - Zacharie Drouin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th avenue N, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada, J1H5N4
| | - Nathalie Carrier
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th avenue N, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada, J1H5N4
| | - Leopold Mbous Nguimbus
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th avenue N, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada, J1H5N4
| | - Marie-Claude Beaulieu
- Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th avenue N, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada, J1H5N4
| | - Gilles Boire
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th avenue N, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada, J1H5N4
| | - Alain Piché
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th avenue N, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada, J1H5N4
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th avenue N, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada, J1H5N4
| | - Hugues Allard-Chamard
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th avenue N, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada, J1H5N4
| | - Sheela Ramanathan
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th avenue N, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada, J1H5N4
| | - Sophie Roux
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th avenue N, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada, J1H5N4
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Chen C, Liang J, Hu H, Li X, Wang L, Wang Z. Research progress in methods for detecting neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Anal Biochem 2023:115199. [PMID: 37257735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has seriously affected the lives of people worldwide. Clarifying the attenuation rule of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody (NAb) in vivo is the key to prevent reinfection and recurrence of virus. Currently, the commonly used methods for detecting NAb include virus neutralization tests, pseudovirus neutralization assays, lateral flow immunochromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The detection of NAb not only can be used to evaluate the level of immunity after vaccination or infection but also can provide important theoretical support for virus reinfection, recurrence and vaccine iteration. In this research, the related technologies of SARS-CoV-2 NAb detection were reviewed, aiming to provide better research ideas for SARS-CoV-2 epidemic prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Chen
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Jiahui Liang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Hangzhan Hu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, 274000, China
| | - Xiaoquan Li
- Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, 274000, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Zhizeng Wang
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China; Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
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Validation of a SARS-CoV-2 Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test in Recovered and Vaccinated Healthcare Workers. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020426. [PMID: 36851641 PMCID: PMC9958856 DOI: 10.3390/v15020426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination against COVID-19 is the main public health approach to fight against the pandemic. The Spike (S) glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 is the principal target of the neutralizing humoral response. We evaluated the analytical and clinical performances of a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) compared to conventional neutralization tests (cVNTs) and anti-S eCLIA assays in recovered and/or vaccinated healthcare workers. Our results indicate that sVNTs displayed high specificity and no cross-reactivity. Both eCLIA and sVNT immunoassays were good at identifying cVNT serum dilutions ≥1:16. The optimal thresholds when identifying cVNT titers ≥1:16, were 74.5 U/mL and 49.4 IU/mL for anti-S eCLIA and sVNT, respectively. Our data show that neutralizing antibody titers (Nab) differ from one individual to another and may diminish over time. Specific assays such as sVNTs could offer a reliable complementary tool to routine anti-S serological assays.
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Lokida D, Karyana M, Kosasih H, Mardian Y, Sugiyono RI, Arlinda D, Lukman N, Salim G, Butar butar DP, Naysilla AM, Irmansyah. Performance and correlation of ten commercial immunoassays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12614. [PMID: 36575657 PMCID: PMC9783098 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate immunoassays with a good correlation to neutralizing antibodies are required to support SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, management, vaccine deployment, and epidemiological investigation. We conducted a study to evaluate the performance and correlation of the surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) and other commercial immunoassays. We tested 107 sera of COVID-19 confirmed cases from three different time points, 58 confirmed non-COVID-19 sera, and 52 sera collected before the pandemic with two sVNTs, seven chemiluminescent assays, and one fluorescein assay. All assays achieved excellent sensitivity (95%-100%, ≥15 days after onset of illness), specificity (95.5%-100%), and showed moderate to high correlation with GenScript sVNT (r = 0.58 to r = 0.98), except Roche total antibodies (r = 0.48). Vazyme sVNT and Siemens total antibodies showed the highest correlation with GenScript sVNT (r = 0.98 and 0.88, respectively). Median indexes that may be used to estimate sera with the highest ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 and ACE-2 receptor attachment (GenScript sVNT inhibition 90%-100%) were 6.9 S/C (Abbott IgG), 161.9 COI (FREND™ IgG), 16.8 AU/ml (Snibe IgG), 40.1 S/CO (Beckman IgG), 281.9 U/ml (Mindray IgG), 712.2 U/ml (Mindray total antibodies), >10 index (Siemens total antibodies), and 95.3% inhibition (Vazyme sVNT). All ten commercial COVID-19 serology assays, with different targeting antigens, demonstrated a reliable performance, supporting the utility of those assays in clinical and research settings. However, further studies using more samples are needed to refine the results of evaluating the performances of these marketed serological assays. Reliable serological assays would be useful for clinicians, researchers and epidemiologists in confirming SARS-CoV-2 infections, observing SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and immune response post infection and vaccination, leading to better management and control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewi Lokida
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Tangerang District Hospital, Jl. Jend. Ahmad Yani No.9, Sukaasih, Banten 15111, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Karyana
- National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Jalan Percetakan Negara No. 29, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia
| | - Herman Kosasih
- Indonesia Research Partnership on Infectious Disease (INA-RESPOND), Building 6, Center 3, 3rd Floor, Jalan Percetakan Negara No. 29, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia,Corresponding author.
| | - Yan Mardian
- Indonesia Research Partnership on Infectious Disease (INA-RESPOND), Building 6, Center 3, 3rd Floor, Jalan Percetakan Negara No. 29, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia
| | - Retna Indah Sugiyono
- National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Jalan Percetakan Negara No. 29, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia
| | - Dona Arlinda
- National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Jalan Percetakan Negara No. 29, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia
| | - Nurhayati Lukman
- Indonesia Research Partnership on Infectious Disease (INA-RESPOND), Building 6, Center 3, 3rd Floor, Jalan Percetakan Negara No. 29, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia
| | - Gustiani Salim
- Indonesia Research Partnership on Infectious Disease (INA-RESPOND), Building 6, Center 3, 3rd Floor, Jalan Percetakan Negara No. 29, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia
| | - Deni Pepy Butar butar
- Indonesia Research Partnership on Infectious Disease (INA-RESPOND), Building 6, Center 3, 3rd Floor, Jalan Percetakan Negara No. 29, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia
| | - Adhella Menur Naysilla
- Indonesia Research Partnership on Infectious Disease (INA-RESPOND), Building 6, Center 3, 3rd Floor, Jalan Percetakan Negara No. 29, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia
| | - Irmansyah
- National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Jalan Percetakan Negara No. 29, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia
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El-Ghitany EM, Hashish MH, Farghaly AG, Omran EA. Determining the SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Spike Cutoff Level Denoting Neutralizing Activity Using Two Commercial Kits. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1952. [PMID: 36423048 PMCID: PMC9699632 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The viral neutralization assay is the gold standard to estimate the level of immunity against SARS-CoV-2. This study analyzes the correlation between the quantitative Anti-SARS-CoV-2 QuantiVac ELISA (IgG) and the NeutraLISA neutralization assay. METHODS 650 serum samples were tested for both SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike (anti-S) immunoglobulin G (IgG) and neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) using kits by EUROIMMUN, Germany. RESULTS There was a significant correlation between levels of anti-S and nAbs (Spearman's rho = 0.913). Among the positive samples for anti-S, 77.0% (n = 345) were positive for nAbs. There was a substantial agreement between anti-S and nAbs (Cohen's kappa coefficient = 0.658; agreement of 83.38%). Considering NeutraLISA as a gold standard, anti-S had a sensitivity of 98.57%, specificity of 65.66%, NPV of 97.5%, and PPV of 77.0%. When the anti-S titer was greater than 18.1 RU/mL (57.9 BAU/mL), nAbs were positive, with a sensitivity of 90.0% and specificity of 91%. CONCLUSIONS A titer of SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgG can be correlated with levels of nAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engy Mohamed El-Ghitany
- Department of Tropical Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Mona H. Hashish
- Department of Microbiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Azza Galal Farghaly
- Department of Tropical Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Eman A. Omran
- Department of Microbiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
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Dibernardo A, Toledo NPL, Robinson A, Osiowy C, Giles E, Day J, Robbin Lindsay L, Drebot MA, Booth TF, Pidduck T, Baily A, Charlton CL, Tipples G, Kanji JN, Brochu G, Lang A, Therrien C, Bélanger-Collard M, Beaulac SN, Gilfix BM, Boivin G, Hamelin MÈ, Carbonneau J, Lévesque S, Martin P, Finzi A, Gendron-Lepage G, Goyette G, Benlarbi M, Gasser R, Fortin C, Martel-Lafferrière V, Lavoie M, Guérin R, Haraoui LP, Renaud C, Jenkins C, O'Brien SF, Drews SJ, Conrod V, Tran V, Awrey B, Scheuermann R, DuPuis A, Payne A, Warszycki C, Girardin R, Lee W, Zahariadis G, Jiao L, Needle R, Cordenbach J, Zaharatos J, Taylor K, Teltscher M, Miller M, Elsherif M, Robertson P, Robinson JL. Evaluation of the performance of multiple immunoassay diagnostic platforms on the National Microbiology Laboratory SARS-CoV-2 National Serology Panel. JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE CANADA = JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE L'ASSOCIATION POUR LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE ET L'INFECTIOLOGIE CANADA 2022; 7:186-195. [PMID: 36337598 PMCID: PMC9629736 DOI: 10.3138/jammi-2021-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serological assays designed to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are being used in serological surveys and other specialized applications. As a result, and to ensure that the outcomes of serological testing meet high quality standards, evaluations are required to assess the performance of these assays and the proficiency of laboratories performing them. METHODS A panel of 60 plasma/serum samples from blood donors who had reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections and 21 SARS-CoV-2 negative samples were secured and distributed to interested laboratories within Canada (n = 30) and the United States (n = 1). Participating laboratories were asked to provide details on the diagnostic assays used, the platforms the assays were performed on, and the results obtained for each panel sample. Laboratories were blinded with respect to the expected outcomes. RESULTS The performance of the different assays evaluated was excellent, with the high-throughput platforms of Roche, Ortho, and Siemens demonstrating 100% sensitivity. Most other high-throughput platforms had sensitivities of >93%, with the exception of the IgG assay using the Abbott ARCHITECT which had an average sensitivity of only 87%. The majority of the high-throughput platforms also demonstrated very good specificities (>97%). CONCLUSION This proficiency study demonstrates that most of the SARS-CoV-2 serological assays utilized by provincial public health or hospital laboratories in Canada have acceptable sensitivity and excellent specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Dibernardo
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nikki PL Toledo
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Alyssia Robinson
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Carla Osiowy
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Giles
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Day
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - L Robbin Lindsay
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Michael A Drebot
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Timothy F Booth
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Tamara Pidduck
- BCCDC Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ashley Baily
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carmen L Charlton
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Graham Tipples
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute for Virology, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jamil N Kanji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gino Brochu
- CIUSSS Mauricie—Centre du Québec, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Amanda Lang
- Roy Romanow Provincial Laboratory, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Christian Therrien
- Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec, Institut de santé publique du Québec, Saint-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Mélina Bélanger-Collard
- Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec, Institut de santé publique du Québec, Saint-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvie-Nancy Beaulac
- Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec, Institut de santé publique du Québec, Saint-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Brian M Gilfix
- McGill University Health Centre, Department of Medicine, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Guy Boivin
- Université Laval and CHU de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Simon Lévesque
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- CIUSSSE de l'Estrie—CHUS, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Département de microbiologie et infectiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Martin
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- CIUSSSE de l'Estrie—CHUS, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Département de microbiologie et infectiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Andrés Finzi
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Canada Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Romain Gasser
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Claude Fortin
- CHUM: Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Myriam Lavoie
- CIUSSS du Saguenay Lac-St-Jean, Hôpital de Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada
| | - Renée Guérin
- Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Louis-Patrick Haraoui
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Christian Renaud
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Vanessa Tran
- BCCDC Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bill Awrey
- Alpha Laboratories Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Alan DuPuis
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH), Albany, New York, United States
| | - Anne Payne
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH), Albany, New York, United States
| | - Casey Warszycki
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH), Albany, New York, United States
| | - Roxie Girardin
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH), Albany, New York, United States
| | - William Lee
- BCCDC Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH), Albany, New York, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, New York, United States
| | - George Zahariadis
- Newfoundland and Labrador Public Health Microbiology Laboratory, St. Johns, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Lei Jiao
- Newfoundland and Labrador Public Health Microbiology Laboratory, St. Johns, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Robert Needle
- Newfoundland and Labrador Public Health Microbiology Laboratory, St. Johns, Newfoundland, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Matthew Miller
- Canadian Centre for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - May Elsherif
- Canadian Centre for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Peter Robertson
- Canadian Centre for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jason L Robinson
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Provincial Laboratory Services, Health PEI, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
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7
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Gebrecherkos T, Kiros YK, Challa F, Abdella S, Gebreegzabher A, Leta D, Desta A, Hailu A, Tasew G, Abdulkader M, Tessema M, Tollera G, Kifle T, Arefaine ZG, Schallig HHDF, Adams ER, Urban BC, de Wit TFR, Wolday D. Longitudinal profile of antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19 in a setting from Sub-Saharan Africa: A prospective longitudinal study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263627. [PMID: 35320286 PMCID: PMC8942258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serological testing for SARS-CoV-2 plays an important role for epidemiological studies, in aiding the diagnosis of COVID-19, and assess vaccine responses. Little is known on dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 serology in African settings. Here, we aimed to characterize the longitudinal antibody response profile to SARS-CoV-2 in Ethiopia. Methods In this prospective study, a total of 102 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients were enrolled. We obtained 802 plasma samples collected serially. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were determined using four lateral flow immune-assays (LFIAs), and an electrochemiluminescent immunoassay. We determined longitudinal antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 as well as seroconversion dynamics. Results Serological positivity rate ranged between 12%-91%, depending on timing after symptom onset. There was no difference in positivity rate between severe and non-severe COVID-19 cases. The specificity ranged between 90%-97%. Agreement between different assays ranged between 84%-92%. The estimated positive predictive value (PPV) for IgM or IgG in a scenario with seroprevalence at 5% varies from 33% to 58%. Nonetheless, when the population seroprevalence increases to 25% and 50%, there is a corresponding increases in the estimated PPVs. The estimated negative-predictive value (NPV) in a low seroprevalence scenario (5%) is high (>99%). However, the estimated NPV in a high seroprevalence scenario (50%) for IgM or IgG is reduced significantly to 80% to 85%. Overall, 28/102 (27.5%) seroconverted by one or more assays tested, within a median time of 11 (IQR: 9–15) days post symptom onset. The median seroconversion time among symptomatic cases tended to be shorter when compared to asymptomatic patients [9 (IQR: 6–11) vs. 15 (IQR: 13–21) days; p = 0.002]. Overall, seroconversion reached 100% 5.5 weeks after the onset of symptoms. Notably, of the remaining 74 COVID-19 patients included in the cohort, 64 (62.8%) were positive for antibody at the time of enrollment, and 10 (9.8%) patients failed to mount a detectable antibody response by any of the assays tested during follow-up. Conclusions Longitudinal assessment of antibody response in African COVID-19 patients revealed heterogeneous responses. This underscores the need for a comprehensive evaluation of seroassays before implementation. Factors associated with failure to seroconvert needs further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Feyissa Challa
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Saro Abdella
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Dereje Leta
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Geremew Tasew
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Henk HDF Schallig
- Department of Medical Microbiology, and Infection Prevention, Experimental Parasitology Unit, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emily R. Adams
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Britta C. Urban
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias F. Rinke de Wit
- Amsterdam Institute Global Health and Development, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dawit Wolday
- Mekelle University College of Health Sciences, Mekelle, Ethiopia
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- * E-mail: ,
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8
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Theel ES. Performance Characteristics of High-Throughput Serologic Assays for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 with Food and Drug Administration Emergency Use Authorization: A Review. Clin Lab Med 2022; 42:15-29. [PMID: 35153046 PMCID: PMC8563341 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a broad summary of the performance characteristics of high-throughput severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) serologic assays with Food and Drug Administration Emergency Use Authorization, which are commonly found in central clinical laboratories. In addition, this review discusses the current roles of serologic testing for SARS-CoV-2 and provides a perspective for the future.
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9
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Mou L, Zhang Y, Feng Y, Hong H, Xia Y, Jiang X. Multiplexed Lab-on-a-Chip Bioassays for Testing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and Its Variants in Multiple Individuals. Anal Chem 2022; 94:2510-2516. [PMID: 35080377 PMCID: PMC8805706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Neutralization assays that can measure neutralizing antibodies in serum are vital for large-scale serodiagnosis and vaccine evaluation. Here, we establish multiplexed lab-on-a-chip bioassays for testing antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants. Compared with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), our method exhibits a low consumption of sample and reagents (10 μL), a low limit of detection (LOD: 0.08 ng/mL), a quick sample-to-answer time (about 70 min), and multiplexed ability (5 targets in each of 7 samples in one assay). We can also increase the throughput as needed. The concentrations of antibodies against RBD, D614G, N501Y, E484K, and L452R/E484Q-mutants after two doses of vaccines are 6.6 ± 3.6, 8.7 ± 4.6, 3.4 ± 2.8, 3.8 ± 2.8, and 2.8 ± 2.3 ng/mL, respectively. This suggests that neutralizing activities against N501Y, E484K, and L452R/E484Q-mutants were less effective than RBD and D614G-mutant. We performed a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) for all volunteers. Compared with PRNT, our assay is fast, accurate, inexpensive, and multiplexed with multiple-sample processing ability, which is good for large-scale serodiagnosis and vaccine evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Mou
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated
Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P. R. China
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University
of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated
Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P. R. China
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory, Bao’an Authentic
TCM Therapy Hospital, No. 99, Laian Road, Baoan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518101, P. R. China
| | - Yao Feng
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated
Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P. R. China
| | - Honghai Hong
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated
Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P. R. China
| | - Yong Xia
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated
Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated
Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P. R. China
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University
of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
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10
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Tang X, Sharma A, Pasic M, Brown P, Colwill K, Gelband H, Birnboim HC, Nagelkerke N, Bogoch II, Bansal A, Newcombe L, Slater J, Rodriguez PS, Huang G, Fu SH, Meh C, Wu DC, Kaul R, Langlois MA, Morawski E, Hollander A, Eliopoulos D, Aloi B, Lam T, Abe KT, Rathod B, Fazel-Zarandi M, Wang J, Iskilova M, Pasculescu A, Caldwell L, Barrios-Rodiles M, Mohammed-Ali Z, Vas N, Santhanam DR, Cho ER, Qu K, Jha S, Jha V, Suraweera W, Malhotra V, Mastali K, Wen R, Sinha S, Reid A, Gingras AC, Chakraborty P, Slutsky AS, Jha P. Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Seropositivity During the First and Second Viral Waves in 2020 and 2021 Among Canadian Adults. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2146798. [PMID: 35171263 PMCID: PMC8851304 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.46798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The incidence of infection during SARS-CoV-2 viral waves, the factors associated with infection, and the durability of antibody responses to infection among Canadian adults remain undocumented. OBJECTIVE To assess the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first 2 viral waves in Canada by measuring seropositivity among adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Action to Beat Coronavirus study conducted 2 rounds of an online survey about COVID-19 experience and analyzed immunoglobulin G levels based on participant-collected dried blood spots (DBS) to assess the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first and second viral waves in Canada. A sample of 19 994 Canadian adults (aged ≥18 years) was recruited from established members of the Angus Reid Forum, a public polling organization. The study comprised 2 phases (phase 1 from May 1 to September 30, 2020, and phase 2 from December 1, 2020, to March 31, 2021) that generally corresponded to the first (April 1 to July 31, 2020) and second (October 1, 2020, to March 1, 2021) viral waves. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G seropositivity (using a chemiluminescence assay) by major geographic and demographic variables and correlation with COVID-19 symptom reporting. RESULTS Among 19 994 adults who completed the online questionnaire in phase 1, the mean (SD) age was 50.9 (15.4) years, and 10 522 participants (51.9%) were female; 2948 participants (14.5%) had self-identified racial and ethnic minority group status, and 1578 participants (8.2%) were self-identified Indigenous Canadians. Among participants in phase 1, 8967 had DBS testing. In phase 2, 14 621 adults completed online questionnaires, and 7102 of those had DBS testing. Of 19 994 adults who completed the online survey in phase 1, fewer had an educational level of some college or less (4747 individuals [33.1%]) compared with the general population in Canada (45.0%). Survey respondents were otherwise representative of the general population, including in prevalence of known risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among unvaccinated adults increased from 1.9% in phase 1 to 6.5% in phase 2. The seropositivity pattern was demographically and geographically heterogeneous during phase 1 but more homogeneous by phase 2 (with a cumulative incidence ranging from 6.4% to 7.0% in most regions). The exception was the Atlantic region, in which cumulative incidence reached only 3.3% (odds ratio [OR] vs Ontario, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.21-1.02). A total of 47 of 188 adults (25.3%) reporting COVID-19 symptoms during phase 2 were seropositive, and the OR of seropositivity for COVID-19 symptoms was 6.15 (95% CI, 2.02-18.69). In phase 2, 94 of 444 seropositive adults (22.2%) reported having no symptoms. Of 134 seropositive adults in phase 1 who were retested in phase 2, 111 individuals (81.8%) remained seropositive. Participants who had a history of diabetes (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.38-0.90) had lower odds of having detectable antibodies in phase 2. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The Action to Beat Coronavirus study found that the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Canada was modest until March 2021, and this incidence was lower than the levels of population immunity required to substantially reduce transmission of the virus. Ongoing vaccination efforts remain central to reducing viral transmission and mortality. Assessment of future infection-induced and vaccine-induced immunity is practicable through the use of serial online surveys and participant-collected DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Tang
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abha Sharma
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Pasic
- St Joseph’s Health Centre, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick Brown
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Colwill
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hellen Gelband
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - H. Chaim Birnboim
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nico Nagelkerke
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Aiyush Bansal
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leslie Newcombe
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin Slater
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter S. Rodriguez
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guowen Huang
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sze Hang Fu
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine Meh
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daphne C. Wu
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rupert Kaul
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ed Morawski
- Angus Reid Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andy Hollander
- Angus Reid Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Benjamin Aloi
- Angus Reid Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Teresa Lam
- Angus Reid Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kento T. Abe
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bhavisha Rathod
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mahya Fazel-Zarandi
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jenny Wang
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mariam Iskilova
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Pasculescu
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren Caldwell
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Nandita Vas
- St Joseph’s Health Centre, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Divya Raman Santhanam
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eo Rin Cho
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathleen Qu
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shreya Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vedika Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wilson Suraweera
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Varsha Malhotra
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathy Mastali
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Wen
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samir Sinha
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angus Reid
- Angus Reid Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Prabhat Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Tang X, Sharma A, Pasic M, Brown P, Colwill K, Gelband H, Birnboim HC, Nagelkerke N, Bogoch II, Bansal A, Newcombe L, Slater J, Rodriguez PS, Huang G, Fu SH, Meh C, Wu DC, Kaul R, Langlois MA, Morawski E, Hollander A, Eliopoulos D, Aloi B, Lam T, Abe KT, Rathod B, Fazel-Zarandi M, Wang J, Iskilova M, Pasculescu A, Caldwell L, Barrios-Rodiles M, Mohammed-Ali Z, Vas N, Santhanam DR, Cho ER, Qu K, Jha S, Jha V, Suraweera W, Malhotra V, Mastali K, Wen R, Sinha S, Reid A, Gingras AC, Chakraborty P, Slutsky AS, Jha P. Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Seropositivity During the First and Second Viral Waves in 2020 and 2021 Among Canadian Adults. JAMA Netw Open 2022. [PMID: 35171263 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.46798.pmid:35171263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The incidence of infection during SARS-CoV-2 viral waves, the factors associated with infection, and the durability of antibody responses to infection among Canadian adults remain undocumented. OBJECTIVE To assess the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first 2 viral waves in Canada by measuring seropositivity among adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Action to Beat Coronavirus study conducted 2 rounds of an online survey about COVID-19 experience and analyzed immunoglobulin G levels based on participant-collected dried blood spots (DBS) to assess the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first and second viral waves in Canada. A sample of 19 994 Canadian adults (aged ≥18 years) was recruited from established members of the Angus Reid Forum, a public polling organization. The study comprised 2 phases (phase 1 from May 1 to September 30, 2020, and phase 2 from December 1, 2020, to March 31, 2021) that generally corresponded to the first (April 1 to July 31, 2020) and second (October 1, 2020, to March 1, 2021) viral waves. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G seropositivity (using a chemiluminescence assay) by major geographic and demographic variables and correlation with COVID-19 symptom reporting. RESULTS Among 19 994 adults who completed the online questionnaire in phase 1, the mean (SD) age was 50.9 (15.4) years, and 10 522 participants (51.9%) were female; 2948 participants (14.5%) had self-identified racial and ethnic minority group status, and 1578 participants (8.2%) were self-identified Indigenous Canadians. Among participants in phase 1, 8967 had DBS testing. In phase 2, 14 621 adults completed online questionnaires, and 7102 of those had DBS testing. Of 19 994 adults who completed the online survey in phase 1, fewer had an educational level of some college or less (4747 individuals [33.1%]) compared with the general population in Canada (45.0%). Survey respondents were otherwise representative of the general population, including in prevalence of known risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among unvaccinated adults increased from 1.9% in phase 1 to 6.5% in phase 2. The seropositivity pattern was demographically and geographically heterogeneous during phase 1 but more homogeneous by phase 2 (with a cumulative incidence ranging from 6.4% to 7.0% in most regions). The exception was the Atlantic region, in which cumulative incidence reached only 3.3% (odds ratio [OR] vs Ontario, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.21-1.02). A total of 47 of 188 adults (25.3%) reporting COVID-19 symptoms during phase 2 were seropositive, and the OR of seropositivity for COVID-19 symptoms was 6.15 (95% CI, 2.02-18.69). In phase 2, 94 of 444 seropositive adults (22.2%) reported having no symptoms. Of 134 seropositive adults in phase 1 who were retested in phase 2, 111 individuals (81.8%) remained seropositive. Participants who had a history of diabetes (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.38-0.90) had lower odds of having detectable antibodies in phase 2. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The Action to Beat Coronavirus study found that the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Canada was modest until March 2021, and this incidence was lower than the levels of population immunity required to substantially reduce transmission of the virus. Ongoing vaccination efforts remain central to reducing viral transmission and mortality. Assessment of future infection-induced and vaccine-induced immunity is practicable through the use of serial online surveys and participant-collected DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Tang
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abha Sharma
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Pasic
- St Joseph's Health Centre, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick Brown
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Colwill
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hellen Gelband
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - H Chaim Birnboim
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nico Nagelkerke
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Aiyush Bansal
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leslie Newcombe
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin Slater
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter S Rodriguez
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guowen Huang
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sze Hang Fu
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine Meh
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daphne C Wu
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rupert Kaul
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ed Morawski
- Angus Reid Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andy Hollander
- Angus Reid Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Benjamin Aloi
- Angus Reid Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Teresa Lam
- Angus Reid Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kento T Abe
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bhavisha Rathod
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mahya Fazel-Zarandi
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jenny Wang
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mariam Iskilova
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Pasculescu
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren Caldwell
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Nandita Vas
- St Joseph's Health Centre, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Divya Raman Santhanam
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eo Rin Cho
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathleen Qu
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shreya Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vedika Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wilson Suraweera
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Varsha Malhotra
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathy Mastali
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Wen
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samir Sinha
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angus Reid
- Angus Reid Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Prabhat Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Brousseau N, Morin L, Ouakki M, Savard P, Quach C, Longtin Y, Cheng MP, Carignan A, Dufresne SF, Leduc JM, Lavallée C, Gauthier N, Bestman-Smith J, Arrieta MJ, Ishak M, Lévesque S, Martin P, De Serres G. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in health care workers from 10 hospitals in Quebec, Canada: a cross-sectional study. CMAJ 2021; 193:E1868-E1877. [PMID: 34903591 PMCID: PMC8677578 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.202783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected health care workers. We sought to estimate SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among hospital health care workers in Quebec, Canada, after the first wave of the pandemic and to explore factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. METHODS Between July 6 and Sept. 24, 2020, we enrolled health care workers from 10 hospitals, including 8 from a region with a high incidence of COVID-19 (the Montréal area) and 2 from low-incidence regions of Quebec. Eligible health care workers were physicians, nurses, orderlies and cleaning staff working in 4 types of care units (emergency department, intensive care unit, COVID-19 inpatient unit and non-COVID-19 inpatient unit). Participants completed a questionnaire and underwent SARS-CoV-2 serology testing. We identified factors independently associated with higher seroprevalence. RESULTS Among 2056 enrolled health care workers, 241 (11.7%) had positive SARS-CoV-2 serology. Of these, 171 (71.0%) had been previously diagnosed with COVID-19. Seroprevalence varied among hospitals, from 2.4% to 3.7% in low-incidence regions to 17.9% to 32.0% in hospitals with outbreaks involving 5 or more health care workers. Higher seroprevalence was associated with working in a hospital where outbreaks occurred (adjusted prevalence ratio 4.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.63-6.57), being a nurse or nursing assistant (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.34, 95% CI 1.03-1.74) or an orderly (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.49, 95% CI 1.12-1.97), and Black or Hispanic ethnicity (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.41, 95% CI 1.13-1.76). Lower seroprevalence was associated with working in the intensive care unit (adjusted prevalence ratio 0.47, 95% CI 0.30-0.71) or the emergency department (adjusted prevalence ratio 0.61, 95% CI 0.39-0.98). INTERPRETATION Health care workers in Quebec hospitals were at high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly in outbreak settings. More work is needed to better understand SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics in health care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Brousseau
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que.
| | - Laurianne Morin
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Manale Ouakki
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Patrice Savard
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Caroline Quach
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Yves Longtin
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Matthew P Cheng
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Alex Carignan
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Simon F Dufresne
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Jean-Michel Leduc
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Christian Lavallée
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Nicolas Gauthier
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Julie Bestman-Smith
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Maria-Jesus Arrieta
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Magued Ishak
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Simon Lévesque
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Philippe Martin
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Gaston De Serres
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
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Brousseau N, Morin L, Ouakki M, Savard P, Quach C, Longtin Y, Cheng MP, Carignan A, Dufresne SF, Leduc JM, Lavallée C, Gauthier N, Bestman-Smith J, Arrieta MJ, Ishak M, Lévesque S, Martin P, De Serres G. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in health care workers from 10 hospitals in Quebec, Canada: a cross-sectional study. CMAJ 2021. [PMID: 34903591 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.202783/tab-related-content] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected health care workers. We sought to estimate SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among hospital health care workers in Quebec, Canada, after the first wave of the pandemic and to explore factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. METHODS Between July 6 and Sept. 24, 2020, we enrolled health care workers from 10 hospitals, including 8 from a region with a high incidence of COVID-19 (the Montréal area) and 2 from low-incidence regions of Quebec. Eligible health care workers were physicians, nurses, orderlies and cleaning staff working in 4 types of care units (emergency department, intensive care unit, COVID-19 inpatient unit and non-COVID-19 inpatient unit). Participants completed a questionnaire and underwent SARS-CoV-2 serology testing. We identified factors independently associated with higher seroprevalence. RESULTS Among 2056 enrolled health care workers, 241 (11.7%) had positive SARS-CoV-2 serology. Of these, 171 (71.0%) had been previously diagnosed with COVID-19. Seroprevalence varied among hospitals, from 2.4% to 3.7% in low-incidence regions to 17.9% to 32.0% in hospitals with outbreaks involving 5 or more health care workers. Higher seroprevalence was associated with working in a hospital where outbreaks occurred (adjusted prevalence ratio 4.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.63-6.57), being a nurse or nursing assistant (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.34, 95% CI 1.03-1.74) or an orderly (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.49, 95% CI 1.12-1.97), and Black or Hispanic ethnicity (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.41, 95% CI 1.13-1.76). Lower seroprevalence was associated with working in the intensive care unit (adjusted prevalence ratio 0.47, 95% CI 0.30-0.71) or the emergency department (adjusted prevalence ratio 0.61, 95% CI 0.39-0.98). INTERPRETATION Health care workers in Quebec hospitals were at high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly in outbreak settings. More work is needed to better understand SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics in health care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Brousseau
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que.
| | - Laurianne Morin
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Manale Ouakki
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Patrice Savard
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Caroline Quach
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Yves Longtin
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Matthew P Cheng
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Alex Carignan
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Simon F Dufresne
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Jean-Michel Leduc
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Christian Lavallée
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Nicolas Gauthier
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Julie Bestman-Smith
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Maria-Jesus Arrieta
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Magued Ishak
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Simon Lévesque
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Philippe Martin
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
| | - Gaston De Serres
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec (Brousseau, Ouakki, De Serres), Montréal, Que.; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Brousseau, Morin, De Serres), Québec, Que.; Départements de médecine et de médecine des laboratoires (Savard), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Savard); Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology (Quach), CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin); Divisions of Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (Cheng), McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin); Département de microbiologie et infectiologie (Carignan, Lévesque, Martin), Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Département de médecine (Dufresne, Lavallée), CIUSSS-de-l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Leduc, Gauthier), Montréal, Que.; Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec (Bestman-Smith), Québec, Que.; CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Arrieta); CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal (Ishak), Montréal, Que
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Menon V, Shariff MA, Perez Gutierrez V, Carreño JM, Yu B, Jawed M, Gossai M, Valdez E, Pillai A, Venugopal U, Kasubhai M, Dimitrov V, Krammer F. Longitudinal humoral antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers in a New York City hospital. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e051045. [PMID: 34702729 PMCID: PMC8550870 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dynamics of humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 antigens following infection suggest an initial decay of antibody followed by subsequent stabilisation. We aim to understand the longitudinal humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein and spike (S) protein and to evaluate their correlation to clinical symptoms among healthcare workers (HCWs). DESIGN A prospective longitudinal study. SETTING This study was conducted in a New York City public hospital in the South Bronx, New York. PARTICIPANTS HCWs participated in phase 1 (N=500) and were followed up 4 months later in phase 2 (N=178) of the study. They underwent SARS-CoV-2 PCR and serology testing for N and S protein antibodies, in addition to completion of an online survey in both phases. Analysis was performed on the 178 participants who participated in both phases of the study. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE Evaluate longitudinal humoral responses to viral N (qualitative serology testing) and S protein (quantitative Mount Sinai Health System ELISA to detect receptor-binding domain and full-length S reactive antibodies) by measuring rate of decay. RESULTS Anti-N antibody positivity was 27% and anti-S positivity was 28% in phase 1. In phase 1, anti-S titres were higher in symptomatic (6754 (5177-8812)) than in asymptomatic positive subjects (5803 (2825-11 920)). Marginally higher titres (2382 (1494-3797)) were seen in asymptomatic compared with the symptomatic positive subgroup (2198 (1753-2755)) in phase 2. A positive correlation was noted between age (R=0.269, p<0.01), number (R=0.310, p<0.01) and duration of symptoms (R=0.434, p<0.01), and phase 1 anti-S antibody titre. A strong correlation (R=0.898, p<0.001) was observed between phase 1 titres and decay of anti-S antibody titres between the two phases. Significant correlation with rate of decay was also noted with fever (R=0.428, p<0.001), gastrointestinal symptoms (R=0.340, p<0.05), and total number (R=0.357, p<0.01) and duration of COVID-19 symptoms (R=0.469, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Higher initial anti-S antibody titres were associated with larger number and longer duration of symptoms as well as a faster decay between the two time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Menon
- Department of Medicine, New York City Health and Hospitals/ Lincoln, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Masood A Shariff
- Department of Medicine, New York City Health and Hospitals/ Lincoln, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Victor Perez Gutierrez
- Department of Medicine, New York City Health and Hospitals/ Lincoln, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Juan M Carreño
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Medicine, New York City Health and Hospitals/ Lincoln, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Muzamil Jawed
- Department of Medicine, New York City Health and Hospitals/ Lincoln, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Marcia Gossai
- Department of Medicine, New York City Health and Hospitals/ Lincoln, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Elisenda Valdez
- Department of Medicine, New York City Health and Hospitals/ Lincoln, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Anjana Pillai
- Department of Medicine, New York City Health and Hospitals/ Lincoln, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Usha Venugopal
- Department of Medicine, New York City Health and Hospitals/ Lincoln, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Moiz Kasubhai
- Department of Medicine, New York City Health and Hospitals/ Lincoln, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Vihren Dimitrov
- Department of Medicine, New York City Health and Hospitals/ Lincoln, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
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15
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Kitagawa Y, Imai K, Matsuoka M, Fukada A, Kubota K, Sato M, Takada T, Noguchi S, Tarumoto N, Maesaki S, Takeuchi S, Maeda T. Evaluation of the correlation between the access SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG II antibody tests with the SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus neutralization test. J Med Virol 2021; 94:335-341. [PMID: 34524695 PMCID: PMC8661952 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Fully automated immunoassays for detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies that are strongly correlated with neutralization antibodies (nAbs) are clinically important because they enable the assessment of humoral immunity after infection and vaccination. Access SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) II antibody tests are semi-quantitative, fully automated immunoassays that detect anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibodies and might reflect nAb levels in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, no studies have investigated the clinical utility of these tests in association with nAbs to date. To evaluate the clinical utility of Access SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG II antibody tests and their correlation with the SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) that measures nAbs in patients with COVID-19, we analyzed 54 convalescent serum samples from COVID-19 patients and 89 serum samples from non-COVID-19 patients. The presence of anti-RBD antibodies was detected using Access SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG II antibody tests, while nAbs were measured by sVNT. The sensitivity and specificity of sVNT were 94.4% and 98.9%, respectively. There were strong positive correlations between the inhibition values of sVNT and the results of the Access SARS-CoV-2 IgM (R = 0.95, R2 = 0.90, p < 0.001) and IgG II antibody tests (R = 0.96, R2 = 0.92, p < 0.001). In terms of the presence of nAbs, the sensitivity and specificity were 98.1% and 98.9% in the IgM assay and 100.0% and 100.0% in the IgG II assay, respectively. The Access SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG II antibody tests showed high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of nAbs in COVID-19 patients and might be alternatives for measuring nAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Kitagawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuo Imai
- Department of Infectious Disease and Infection Control, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Self-Defense Forces Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Matsuoka
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ai Fukada
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Katsumi Kubota
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Momoko Sato
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomohito Takada
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Sakiko Noguchi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Norihito Tarumoto
- Department of Infectious Disease and Infection Control, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shigefumi Maesaki
- Department of Infectious Disease and Infection Control, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Takeuchi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takuya Maeda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
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16
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Perkmann T, Koller T, Perkmann-Nagele N, Klausberger M, Duerkop M, Holzer B, Hartmann B, Mucher P, Radakovics A, Ozsvar-Kozma M, Wagner OF, Binder CJ, Haslacher H. Spike Protein Antibodies Mediate the Apparent Correlation between SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Antibodies and Neutralization Test Results. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0021821. [PMID: 34132615 PMCID: PMC8552595 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00218-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Perkmann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Koller
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Miriam Klausberger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark Duerkop
- Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Holzer
- Department for Animal Health, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Moedling, Austria
| | - Boris Hartmann
- Department for Animal Health, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Moedling, Austria
| | - Patrick Mucher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Radakovics
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Ozsvar-Kozma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oswald F. Wagner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph J. Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmuth Haslacher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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17
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Cook N, Xu L, Hegazy S, Wheeler BJ, Anderson AR, Critelli N, Yost M, McElroy AK, Shurin MR, Wheeler SE. Multiplex assessment of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies improves assay sensitivity and correlation with neutralizing antibodies. Clin Biochem 2021; 97:54-61. [PMID: 34453893 PMCID: PMC8387133 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Detection of antibodies to multiple SARS-CoV-2 antigens in a single assay could increase diagnostic accuracy, differentiate vaccination from natural disease, and aid in retrospective exposure determination. Correlation of binding antibody assessment in clinical assays with neutralizing antibodies is needed to better understand the humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and establish of correlates of protection. METHODS A cohort of 752 samples was used to assess specificity, sensitivity, and comparison to 6 other Conformitè Europëenne serologic assays for the BioRad SARS-CoV-2 IgG multiplex assay which measures receptor binding domain IgG (RBD), spike-S1 IgG (S1), spike-S2 IgG (S2), and nucleocapsid IgG (N). A subset of serial specimens from 14 patients was also tested for neutralizing antibodies (n = 61). RESULTS Specificity for RBD and S1 IgG was 99.4% (n = 170) and 100% for S2 and N IgG (n = 170) in a cohort selected for probable interference. Overall assay concordance with other assays was >93% for IgG and total antibody assays and reached 100% sensitivity for clinical concordance at >14 days as a multiplex assay. RBD and S1 binding antibody positivity demonstrated 79-95% agreement with the presence of neutralizing antibodies. CONCLUSIONS The BioRad SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay is comparable to existing assays, and achieved 100% sensitivity when all markers were included. The ability to measure antibodies against spike and nucleocapsid proteins simultaneously may be advantageous for complex clinical presentations, epidemiologic research, and in decisions regarding infection prevention strategies. Additional independent validations are needed to further determine binding antibody and neutralizing antibody correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Cook
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lingqing Xu
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Center for Vaccine Research, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shaymaa Hegazy
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bradley J Wheeler
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Computing and Information, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Mary Yost
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anita K McElroy
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Center for Vaccine Research, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael R Shurin
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh, Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sarah E Wheeler
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh, Department of Pathology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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18
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Ferrari D, Clementi N, Spanò SM, Albitar-Nehme S, Ranno S, Colombini A, Criscuolo E, Di Resta C, Tomaiuolo R, Viganó M, Mancini N, De Vecchi E, Locatelli M, Mangia A, Perno CF, Banfi G. Harmonization of six quantitative SARS-CoV-2 serological assays using sera of vaccinated subjects. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 522:144-151. [PMID: 34425105 PMCID: PMC8378065 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims Vaccines, to limit SARS-CoV-2 infection, were produced and reliable assays are needed for their evaluation. The WHO produced an International-Standard (WHO-IS) to facilitate the standardization/comparison of serological methods. The WHO-IS, produced in limited amount, was never tested for reproducibility. This study aims at developing a reproducible and accessible working standard (WS) to complement the WHO-IS. Materials and methods Sera from vaccinated individuals were used to produce the WSs. The WHO-IS, the WSs and single serum samples (n = 48) were tested on 6 quantitative serological devices. Neutralization assays were performed for the 48 samples and compared with their antibody titers. Results The WS carry an antibody titer 20-fold higher than the WHO-IS. It was reproducible, showed both good linearity and insignificant intra- and inter-laboratory variability. However, the WSs behave differently from the WHO-IS. Analysis of the 48 samples showed that single correlation factors are not sufficient to harmonize results from different assays. Yet, all the devices predict neutralization activity based on the antibody titer. Conclusions A reproducible and highly concentrated WS, specific for IgG against SARS-CoV-2 Spike-glycoprotein was produced. Such characteristics make it particularly suited for the harmonization of commercially available assays and the consequent evaluation of post-vaccinated individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ferrari
- SCVSA Department, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy.
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20158 Milan, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20158 Milan, Italy
| | - Sestina Maria Spanò
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Sami Albitar-Nehme
- Microbiology and Immunology Diagnostics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Ranno
- Microbiology and Immunology Diagnostics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Colombini
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Laboratorio di Biotecnologie Applicate all'Ortopedia, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Criscuolo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20158 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Rossella Tomaiuolo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20158 Milan, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20158 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Viganó
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Laboratorio di Biotecnologie Applicate all'Ortopedia, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20158 Milan, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20158 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena De Vecchi
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Mangia
- Liver Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS Fondazione, "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Carlo Federico Perno
- Microbiology and Immunology Diagnostics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, 20161 Milan, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20158 Milan, Italy
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19
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Danese E, Montagnana M, Salvagno GL, Peserico D, Pighi L, De Nitto S, Henry BM, Porru S, Lippi G. Comprehensive assessment of humoral response after Pfizer BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccination: a three-case series. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 59:1585-1591. [PMID: 33838087 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2021-0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Since universal vaccination is a pillar against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), monitoring anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies is essential for deciphering post-vaccination immune response. METHODS Three healthcare workers received 30 μg BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Pfizer Vaccine, followed by a second identical dose, 21 days afterwards. Venous blood was drawn at baseline and at serial intervals, up to 63 days afterwards, for assessing total immunoglobulins (Ig) anti-RBD (receptor binding domain), anti-S1/S2 and anti-RBD IgG, anti-RBD and anti-N/S1 IgM, and anti-S1 IgA. RESULTS All subjects were SARS-CoV-2 seronegative at baseline. Total Ig anti-RBD, anti-S1/S2 and anti-RBD IgG levels increased between 91 and 368 folds until 21 days after the first vaccine dose, then reached a plateau. The levels raised further after the second dose (by ∼30-, ∼8- and ∼8-fold, respectively), peaking at day 35, but then slightly declining and stabilizing ∼50 days after the first vaccine dose. Anti-S1 IgA levels increased between 7 and 11 days after the first dose, slightly declined before the second dose, after which levels augmented by ∼24-fold from baseline. The anti-RBD and anti-N/S1 IgM kinetics were similar to that of anti-S1 IgA, though displaying substantially weaker increases and modest peaks, only 4- to 7-fold higher than baseline. Highly significant inter-correlation was noted between total Ig anti-RBD, anti-S1/S2 and anti-RBD IgG (all r=0.99), whilst other anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies displayed lower, though still significant, correlations. Serum spike protein concentration was undetectable at all-time points. CONCLUSIONS BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination generates a robust humoral immune response, especially involving anti-SARS-Cov-2 IgG and IgA, magnified by the second vaccine dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Danese
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Gian Luca Salvagno
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Service of Laboratory Medicine, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera del Garda, Italy
| | - Denise Peserico
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Pighi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Simone De Nitto
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Brandon M Henry
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Stefano Porru
- Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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20
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Irsara C, Egger AE, Prokop W, Nairz M, Loacker L, Sahanic S, Pizzini A, Sonnweber T, Holzer B, Mayer W, Schennach H, Loeffler-Ragg J, Bellmann-Weiler R, Hartmann B, Tancevski I, Weiss G, Binder CJ, Anliker M, Griesmacher A, Hoermann G. Clinical validation of the Siemens quantitative SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG assay (sCOVG) reveals improved sensitivity and a good correlation with virus neutralization titers. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 59:1453-1462. [PMID: 33837679 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2021-0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections cause coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and induce a specific antibody response. Serological assays detecting IgG against the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein are useful to monitor the immune response after infection or vaccination. The objective of our study was to evaluate the clinical performance of the Siemens SARS-CoV-2 IgG (sCOVG) assay. METHODS Sensitivity and specificity of the Siemens sCOVG test were evaluated on 178 patients with SARS-CoV-2-infection and 160 pre-pandemic samples in comparison with its predecessor test COV2G. Furthermore, correlation with virus neutralization titers was investigated on 134 samples of convalescent COVID-19 patients. RESULTS Specificity of the sCOVG test was 99.4% and sensitivity was 90.5% (COV2G assay 78.7%; p<0.0001). S1-RBD antibody levels showed a good correlation with virus neutralization titers (r=0.843; p<0.0001) and an overall qualitative agreement of 98.5%. Finally, median S1-RBD IgG levels increase with age and were significantly higher in hospitalized COVID-19 patients (median levels general ward: 25.7 U/mL; intensive care: 59.5 U/mL) than in outpatients (3.8 U/mL; p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Performance characteristics of the sCOVG assay have been improved compared to the predecessor test COV2G. Quantitative SARS-CoV-2 S1-RBD IgG levels could be used as a surrogate for virus neutralization capacity. Further harmonization of antibody quantification might assist to monitor the humoral immune response after COVID-19 disease or vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Irsara
- Central Institute of Clinical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander E Egger
- Central Institute of Clinical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Prokop
- Central Institute of Clinical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Pneumology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lorin Loacker
- Central Institute of Clinical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sabina Sahanic
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Pneumology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alex Pizzini
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Pneumology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Sonnweber
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Pneumology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Holzer
- Department for Animal Health, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Moedling, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Mayer
- Central Institute for Blood Transfusion and Immunology (ZIB), University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Harald Schennach
- Central Institute for Blood Transfusion and Immunology (ZIB), University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Judith Loeffler-Ragg
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Pneumology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rosa Bellmann-Weiler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Pneumology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Boris Hartmann
- Department for Animal Health, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Moedling, Austria
| | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Pneumology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Pneumology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Anliker
- Central Institute of Clinical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Griesmacher
- Central Institute of Clinical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gregor Hoermann
- Central Institute of Clinical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Munich, Germany
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