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Awasthi SP, Nagita A, Hatanaka N, Hassan J, Xu B, Hinenoya A, Yamasaki S. Detection of prolong excretion of Escherichia albertii in stool specimens of a 7-year-old child by a newly developed Eacdt gene-based quantitative real-time PCR method and molecular characterization of the isolates. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30042. [PMID: 38737260 PMCID: PMC11088251 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is an emerging zoonotic foodborne pathogen. The clinical significance of this bacterium has increasingly been recognized worldwide. However, diagnostic method has not yet been established and its clinical manifestations are not fully understood. Here, we show that an Eacdt gene-based quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) developed in this study is 100% specific and sensitive when tested with 39 E. albertii and 36 non-E. albertii strains, respectively. Detection limit of the real-time PCR was 10 colony forming unit (CFU) and 1 pg of genomic DNA per PCR tube. When E. albertii was spiked with 4 × 100-106 CFU per mL to stool of healthy person, detection limit was 4.0 × 103 and 4.0 CFU per mL before and after enrichment culture, respectively. Moreover, the qRT-PCR was able to detect E. albertii in five children out of 246 (2%) but none from 142 adults suffering from gastroenteritis. All five E. albertii strains isolated carried eae and paa genes, however, only one strain harbored stx2f genes. Long-term shedding of stx2f gene-positive E. albertii in a child stool could be detected because of the qRT-PCR developed in this study which might have been missed if only conventional PCR and culture methods were employed. Furthermore, E. albertii isolated from siblings with diarrhea showed clonality by PFGE analysis. Taken together, these data suggest that the Eacdt gene-based qRT-PCR developed for the detection of E. albertii is useful and will assist in determining the real burden and clinical manifestation of E. albertii infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharda Prasad Awasthi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan
- Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Japan
- Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Metropolitan University, Japan
- Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Metropolitan University, Japan
| | - Akira Nagita
- Department of Pediatrics, Mizushima Central Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Noritoshi Hatanaka
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan
- Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Japan
- Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Metropolitan University, Japan
- Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Metropolitan University, Japan
| | - Jayedul Hassan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan
| | - Bingting Xu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hinenoya
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan
- Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Japan
- Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Metropolitan University, Japan
- Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Metropolitan University, Japan
| | - Shinji Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan
- Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Japan
- Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Metropolitan University, Japan
- Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Metropolitan University, Japan
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Arai S, Hirose S, Yanagimoto K, Kojima Y, Yamaya S, Yamanaka T, Matsunaga N, Kobayashi A, Takahashi N, Konno T, Tokoi Y, Sakakida N, Konishi N, Hara-Kudo Y. An interlaboratory study on the detection method for Escherichia albertii in food using real time PCR assay and selective agars. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 414:110616. [PMID: 38325257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is an emerging enteropathogen. Although E. albertii-specific detection and isolation methods have been developed, their efficiency on food samples have not yet been systematically studied. To establish a series of effective methods for detecting E. albertii in food, an interlaboratory study was conducted in 11 laboratories using enrichment with modified E. coli broth supplemented with cefixime and tellurite (CT-mEC), real-time PCR assay, and plating on four kinds of selective agars. This study focused on the detection efficiency of an E. albertii-specific real-time PCR assay (EA-rtPCR) and plating on deoxycholate hydrogen sulfide lactose agar (DHL), MacConkey agar (MAC), DHL supplemented with rhamnose and xylose (RX-DHL), and MAC supplemented with rhamnose and xylose (RX-MAC). Chicken and bean sprout samples were inoculated with E. albertii either at 17.7 CFU/25 g (low inoculation level) or 88.5 CFU/25 g (high inoculation level), and uninoculated samples were used as controls. The sensitivity of EA-rtPCR was 1.000 for chicken and bean sprout samples inoculated with E. albertii at low and high inoculation levels. The Ct values of bean sprout samples were higher than those of the chicken samples. Analysis of microbial distribution by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing in enriched cultures of bean sprout samples showed that approximately >96 % of the population comprised unidentified genus of family Enterobacteriaceae and genus Acinetobacter in samples which E. albertii was not isolated. The sensitivity of the plating methods for chicken and bean sprout samples inoculated with a high inoculation level of E. albertii was 1.000 and 0.848-0.970, respectively. The sensitivity of the plating methods for chicken and bean sprout samples inoculated with a low inoculation level of E. albertii was 0.939-1.000 and 0.515-0.727, respectively. The E. albertii-positive rate in all colonies isolated in this study was 89-90 % in RX-DHL and RX-MAC, and 64 and 44 % in DHL and MAC, respectively. Therefore, the sensitivity of RX-supplemented agar was higher than that of the agars without these sugars. Using a combination of enrichment in CT-mEC and E. albertii isolation on selective agars supplemented with RX, E. albertii at an inoculation level of over 17.5 CFU/25 g of food was detected with a sensitivity of 1.000 and 0.667-0.727 in chicken and bean sprouts, respectively. Therefore, screening for E. albertii-specific genes using EA-rtPCR followed by isolation with RX-DHL or RX-MAC is an efficient method for E. albertii detection in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakura Arai
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-9501, Japan
| | - Shouhei Hirose
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-9501, Japan
| | - Keita Yanagimoto
- Department of Microbiology, Yamanashi Institute of Public Health and Environment, 1-7-31 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-0027, Japan
| | - Yuka Kojima
- Division of Microbiology, Kawasaki City Institute for Public Health, 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasakiku Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Satoko Yamaya
- Miyagi Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment, 4-7-2, Saiwai-cho, Miyagino-ku, Sendai 983-0836, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamanaka
- Research Institute for Environmental Sciences and Public Health of Iwate Prefecture, 1-11-16 Kitaiioka, Morioka 020-0857, Japan
| | - Norihisa Matsunaga
- Fukuoka City Institute of Health and Environment, 2-1-34, Jigyohama, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka 810-0065, Japan
| | - Akihito Kobayashi
- Division of Microbiology, Mie Prefecture Health and Environment Research Institute, 3684-11 Sakura-cho, Yokkaichi 512-1211, Japan
| | - Naoto Takahashi
- Shizuoka City Institute of Environmental Sciences and Public Health, 1-4-7 Oguro, Suruga, Shizuoka 422-8072, Japan
| | - Takayuki Konno
- Akita Prefectural Research Center for Public Health and Environment, 6-6, Senshukubota-machi, Akita 010-0874, Japan
| | - Yuki Tokoi
- Utsunomiya City Institute of Public Health and Environment, 972 Takebayashi-machi, Utsunomiya 321-0974, Japan
| | - Nozomi Sakakida
- Saitama Institute of Public Health, 410-1 Ewai, Yoshimi-machi, Hiki-gun, Saitama 355-0133, Japan
| | - Noriko Konishi
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinju-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hara-Kudo
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-9501, Japan; Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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Wang X, Yu D, Chui L, Zhou T, Feng Y, Cao Y, Zhi S. A Comprehensive Review on Shiga Toxin Subtypes and Their Niche-Related Distribution Characteristics in Shiga-Toxin-Producing E. coli and Other Bacterial Hosts. Microorganisms 2024; 12:687. [PMID: 38674631 PMCID: PMC11052178 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin (Stx), the main virulence factor of Shiga-toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), was first discovered in Shigella dysenteriae strains. While several other bacterial species have since been reported to produce Stx, STEC poses the most significant risk to human health due to its widespread prevalence across various animal hosts that have close contact with human populations. Based on its biochemical and molecular characteristics, Shiga toxin can be grouped into two types, Stx1 and Stx2, among which a variety of variants and subtypes have been identified in various bacteria and host species. Interestingly, the different Stx subtypes appear to vary in their host distribution characteristics and in the severity of diseases that they are associated with. As such, this review provides a comprehensive overview on the bacterial species that have been recorded to possess stx genes to date, with a specific focus on the various Stx subtype variants discovered in STEC, their prevalence in certain host species, and their disease-related characteristics. This review provides a better understanding of the Stx subtypes and highlights the need for rapid and accurate approaches to toxin subtyping for the proper evaluation of the health risks associated with Shiga-toxin-related bacterial food contamination and human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- School of Public Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China; (X.W.); (T.Z.); (Y.F.)
| | - Daniel Yu
- School of Public Health, Univeristy of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
| | - Linda Chui
- Alberta Precision Laboratories-ProvLab, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J2, Canada;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Tiantian Zhou
- School of Public Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China; (X.W.); (T.Z.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yu Feng
- School of Public Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China; (X.W.); (T.Z.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yuhao Cao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China;
| | - Shuai Zhi
- School of Public Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China; (X.W.); (T.Z.); (Y.F.)
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Liu Q, Yang X, Sun H, Wang H, Sui X, Zhang P, Bai X, Xiong Y. Genetic Diversity and Expression of Intimin in Escherichia albertii Isolated from Humans, Animals, and Food. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2843. [PMID: 38137987 PMCID: PMC10745426 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia albertii (E. albertii) is an emerging diarrheagenic pathogen associated with sporadic infections and human gastroenteric outbreaks. The eae gene, which encodes intimin in the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) operon, contributes to the establishment of the attaching and effacing (A/E) lesion. Increasing collection of E. albertii strains from various sources has resulted in a rapid increase in the number of eae subtypes. This study systematically investigated the prevalence and genetic diversity of eae among E. albertii strains isolated from humans, animals, and food. The eae gene was present in 452/459 (98.5%) strains and 23 subtypes were identified including two novel subtypes, named eae-α11 and η3. The eae-σ subtype was the most predominant among humans, animals, and food-derived strains, while eae-γ3, τ, and α11 were unique in human-derived strains. Additionally, the LEE island was also analyzed at genomic, transcriptional, and functional levels through genomic analysis, quantitative reverse transcription PCR, and HEp-2 cell adherence assays, respectively. The eae transcript levels were variable and associated with eae subtypes. Three different adherence patterns, including localized adherence-like (LAL), diffuse adherence (DA), and detachment (DE), were observed among E. albertii strains. This study demonstrated a high diversity of functional intimin in E. albertii strains isolated from humans, animals, and food. Further in vivo and in vitro studies are warranted to better elucidate the role of intimin or LEE in different genetic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Q.L.); (X.Y.); (H.S.); (H.W.); (X.S.); (P.Z.); (X.B.)
| | - Xi Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Q.L.); (X.Y.); (H.S.); (H.W.); (X.S.); (P.Z.); (X.B.)
| | - Hui Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Q.L.); (X.Y.); (H.S.); (H.W.); (X.S.); (P.Z.); (X.B.)
| | - Hua Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Q.L.); (X.Y.); (H.S.); (H.W.); (X.S.); (P.Z.); (X.B.)
| | - Xinxia Sui
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Q.L.); (X.Y.); (H.S.); (H.W.); (X.S.); (P.Z.); (X.B.)
| | - Peihua Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Q.L.); (X.Y.); (H.S.); (H.W.); (X.S.); (P.Z.); (X.B.)
| | - Xiangning Bai
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Q.L.); (X.Y.); (H.S.); (H.W.); (X.S.); (P.Z.); (X.B.)
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Yanwen Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Q.L.); (X.Y.); (H.S.); (H.W.); (X.S.); (P.Z.); (X.B.)
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Carter MQ, Quiñones B, He X, Pham A, Carychao D, Cooley MB, Lo CC, Chain PSG, Lindsey RL, Bono JL. Genomic and Phenotypic Characterization of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia albertii Strains Isolated from Wild Birds in a Major Agricultural Region in California. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2803. [PMID: 38004814 PMCID: PMC10673567 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is an emerging foodborne pathogen. To better understand the pathogenesis and health risk of this pathogen, comparative genomics and phenotypic characterization were applied to assess the pathogenicity potential of E. albertii strains isolated from wild birds in a major agricultural region in California. Shiga toxin genes stx2f were present in all avian strains. Pangenome analyses of 20 complete genomes revealed a total of 11,249 genes, of which nearly 80% were accessory genes. Both core gene-based phylogenetic and accessory gene-based relatedness analyses consistently grouped the three stx2f-positive clinical strains with the five avian strains carrying ST7971. Among the three Stx2f-converting prophage integration sites identified, ssrA was the most common one. Besides the locus of enterocyte effacement and type three secretion system, the high pathogenicity island, OI-122, and type six secretion systems were identified. Substantial strain variation in virulence gene repertoire, Shiga toxin production, and cytotoxicity were revealed. Six avian strains exhibited significantly higher cytotoxicity than that of stx2f-positive E. coli, and three of them exhibited a comparable level of cytotoxicity with that of enterohemorrhagic E. coli outbreak strains, suggesting that wild birds could serve as a reservoir of E. albertii strains with great potential to cause severe diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Qiu Carter
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA; (B.Q.); (A.P.); (D.C.); (M.B.C.)
| | - Beatriz Quiñones
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA; (B.Q.); (A.P.); (D.C.); (M.B.C.)
| | - Xiaohua He
- Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA 94710, USA;
| | - Antares Pham
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA; (B.Q.); (A.P.); (D.C.); (M.B.C.)
| | - Diana Carychao
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA; (B.Q.); (A.P.); (D.C.); (M.B.C.)
| | - Michael B. Cooley
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA; (B.Q.); (A.P.); (D.C.); (M.B.C.)
| | - Chien-Chi Lo
- Biosecurity and Public Health Group, U.S. Department of Energy, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Santa Fe, NM 87545, USA; (C.-C.L.); (P.S.G.C.)
| | - Patrick S. G. Chain
- Biosecurity and Public Health Group, U.S. Department of Energy, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Santa Fe, NM 87545, USA; (C.-C.L.); (P.S.G.C.)
| | - Rebecca L. Lindsey
- Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA;
| | - James L. Bono
- Meat Safety and Quality Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA;
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Leszczyńska K, Święcicka I, Daniluk T, Lebensztejn D, Chmielewska-Deptuła S, Leszczyńska D, Gawor J, Kliber M. Escherichia albertii as a Potential Enteropathogen in the Light of Epidemiological and Genomic Studies. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1384. [PMID: 37510288 PMCID: PMC10379040 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is a new enteropathogen of humans and animals. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and pathogenicity of E. albertii strains isolated in northeastern Poland using epidemiological and genomic studies. In 2015-2018, a total of 1154 fecal samples from children and adults, 497 bird droppings, 212 food samples, 92 water samples, and 500 lactose-negative E. coli strains were tested. A total of 42 E. albertii strains were isolated. The PCR method was suitable for their rapid identification. In total, 33.3% of E. albertii isolates were resistant to one antibiotic, and 16.7% to two. Isolates were sensitive to cefepime, imipenem, levofloxacin, gentamicin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and did not produce ESBL β-lactamases. High genetic variability of E. albertii has been demonstrated. In the PFGE method, 90.5% of the strains had distinct pulsotypes. In MLST typing, 85.7% of strains were assigned distinct sequence types (STs), of which 64% were novel ST types. Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) and Paa toxin genes were found in 100% of E. albertii isolates. Genes encoding toxins, IbeA, CdtB type 2, Tsh and Shiga (Stx2f), were found in 26.2%, 9.7%, 1.7%, and 0.4% of E. albertii isolates, respectively. The chromosome size of the tested strains ranged from 4,573,338 to 5,141,010 bp (average 4,784,003 bp), and at least one plasmid was present in all strains. The study contributes to a more accurate assessment of the genetic diversity of E. albertii and the potential threat it poses to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Leszczyńska
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Enginnering, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Izabela Święcicka
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Bialystok, ul. Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Tamara Daniluk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Enginnering, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dariusz Lebensztejn
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutrition, Allergology and Pulmonology, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Sylwia Chmielewska-Deptuła
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Enginnering, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dorota Leszczyńska
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Enginnering, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jan Gawor
- DNA Sequecing and Synthesis Facility, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kliber
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Enginnering, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
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Melibiose–X-Gal–MacConkey Agar for Presumptive Differentiation of Escherichia albertii from E. coli and Salmonella from Poultry Meat. Appl Microbiol 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/applmicrobiol3010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial foodborne enteropathogen Escherichia albertii, despite enjoying increased attention paid to its pathogenesis, global dissemination, and antimicrobial resistance capacity, remains difficult to identify from human foods. The primary objective of this study was to develop and test a selective and differential plating medium for the isolation of E. albertii from enteric pathogens commonly transmitted via fresh poultry meat, namely E. coli and Salmonella enterica. MacConkey agar supplemented with α-D-+-melibiose and the lactose analogue X-gal was prepared and used to differentially enumerate E. albertii, Salmonella, and E. coli from inoculated ground chicken meat. The medium, MXgMac agar, differentiated the inoculated pathogens with a greater degree of efficiency than did the previously developed E. albertii-selective medium xylose–rhamnose–melibiose (XRM) MacConkey agar, based on differential usage of the lactose analogue and melibiose. Chicken-derived feces and litter samples were subsequently tested using the medium and found not to contain E. albertii by 16S rRNA gene amplification. MXgMac agar facilitates improved differential recovery of E. albertii and other enteric pathogens from poultry meat versus other E. albertii selective/differential media.
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Liu Q, Bai X, Yang X, Fan G, Wu K, Song W, Sun H, Chen S, Chen H, Xiong Y. Identification and Genomic Characterization of Escherichia albertii in Migratory Birds from Poyang Lake, China. Pathogens 2022; 12:pathogens12010009. [PMID: 36678357 PMCID: PMC9861504 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is an emerging zoonotic foodborne enteropathogen leading to human gastroenteritis outbreaks. Although E. albertii has been isolated from birds which have been considered as the potential reservoirs of this bacterium, its prevalence in migratory birds has rarely been described. In this study, E. albertii in migratory birds from Poyang Lake was investigated and characterized using whole genome sequencing. Eighty-one fecal samples from nine species of migratory birds were collected and 24/81 (29.6%) tested PCR-positive for E. albertii-specific genes. A total of 47 isolates was recovered from 18 out of 24 PCR-positive samples. All isolates carried eae and cdtB genes. These isolates were classified into eight E. albertii O-genotypes (EAOgs) (including three novel EAOgs) and three E. albertii H-genotypes (EAHgs). Whole genome phylogeny separated migratory bird-derived isolates into different lineages, some isolates in this study were phylogenetically closely grouped with poultry-derived or patient-derived strains. Our findings showed that migratory birds may serve as an important reservoir for heterogeneous E. albertii, thereby acting as potential transmission vehicles of E. albertii to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiangning Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Guoyin Fan
- Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang 330038, China
| | - Kui Wu
- Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang 330038, China
| | - Wentao Song
- Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang 330038, China
| | - Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shengen Chen
- Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang 330038, China
| | - Haiying Chen
- Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang 330038, China
| | - Yanwen Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
- Correspondence:
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9
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Arai S, Ooka T, Shibata M, Nagai Y, Tokoi Y, Nagaoka H, Maeda R, Tsuchiya A, Kojima Y, Ohya K, Ohnishi T, Konishi N, Ohtsuka K, Hara-Kudo Y. Development of a Novel Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay to Detect Escherichia albertii in Chicken Meat. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2022; 19:823-829. [PMID: 36322900 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2022.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is an emerging enteropathogen. Several foodborne outbreaks of E. albertii have been reported in Japan; however, foods associated with most outbreaks remain unidentified. Therefore, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays detecting E. albertii specifically and sensitively are required. Primers and probe for real-time PCR assays targeting E. albertii-specific gene (EA-rtPCR) was designed. With 74 strains, including 43 E. albertii strains and several of its close relatives, EA-rtPCR specifically amplified E. albertii; therefore, the sensitivity of EA-rtPCR was then evaluated. The detection limits were 2.8 and 2.0-3.2 log colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL for E. albertii culture and enriched chicken culture inoculated with the pathogen, respectively. In addition, E. albertii was detected from 25 g of chicken meat inoculated with 0.1 log CFU of the pathogen by EA-rtPCR. The detection of E. albertii from chicken meat by EA-rtPCR was also evaluated by comparing with the nested-PCR assay, and 28 retail chicken meat and 193 dissected body parts from 21 chicken carcass were tested. One and three chicken meat were positive in the nested-PCR assay and EA-rtPCR, respectively. Fourteen carcasses had at least one body part that was positive for EA-rtPCR, and 36 and 48 samples were positive for the nested-PCR assay and EA-rtPCR, respectively. A total of 37 strains of E. albertii were isolated from seven PCR-positive samples obtained from six chicken carcass. All E. albertii isolates harbored eae gene, and were classified as E. albertii O-genotype (EAOg)3 or EAOg4 by EAO-genotyping. The EA-rtPCR developed in this study has potential to improve E. albertii detection in food and advance research on E. albertii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakura Arai
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Tadasuke Ooka
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Mizuha Shibata
- Shizuoka City Institute of Environmental Sciences and Public Health, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuhki Nagai
- Division of Microbiology, Mie Prefecture Health and Environment Research Institute, Yokkaichi, Japan
| | - Yuki Tokoi
- Utsunomiya City Institute of Public Health and Environment, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nagaoka
- Shizuoka Institute of Environment and Hygiene, Fujieda, Japan
| | - Rika Maeda
- Department of Microbiology, Kumamoto Prefectural Institute of Public-Health and Environmental Science, Uto, Japan
| | - Akihiko Tsuchiya
- Life Science Division, Saitama City Institute of Health Science and Research, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuka Kojima
- Division of Microbiology, Kawasaki City Institute for Public Health, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kenji Ohya
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ohnishi
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Noriko Konishi
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yukiko Hara-Kudo
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
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10
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Naka A, Hinenoya A, Awasthi SP, Yamasaki S. Isolation and characterization of Escherichia albertii from wild and safeguarded animals in Okayama Prefecture and its prefectural borders, Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:1299-1306. [PMID: 35896346 PMCID: PMC9523302 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia albertii has recently been recognized as a zoonotic enteropathogen associated with food poisoning. The reservoirs and transmission routes of this bacterium to
humans are still unclear. In this study, we performed a survey of E. albertii in fecal specimens of wild and safeguarded animals in Okayama Prefecture and its prefectural
borders, Japan to understand its reservoir in the environment. Forty-two E. albertii were isolated from 10 and 31 droppings of 59 crows and 125 starlings, respectively.
Fifty-two E. albertii were isolated from 906 mammal droppings, and out of 52 isolates, origin of 33, 6 and 1 isolates were from martens, foxes, and rabbit, respectively,
however, origin of 12 isolates remained unknown. Three E. albertii were isolated from two and one feces of 159 dogs and 76 cats, respectively. Pulsed-filed gel
electrophoresis analysis grouped 97 E. albertii strains into 66 pulsotypes including 36 and 30 pulsotypes of isolates from mammals and birds, respectively. E.
albertii strains isolated in this study were genetically diverse. Although clonal relationship was not observed between mammal and bird isolates, there were intra- and
inter-species relationship in mammalian isolates. All E. albertii strains were positive for eae and Eacdt virulence genes. Furthermore, 20
and 7 strains also carried Eccdt-I and stx2f genes, respectively. Taken together, the results indicate that genetically diverse and potentially virulent
E. albertii are distributed among various wild and safeguarded animals in Okayama Prefecture, and the animals could also be reservoirs of E. albertii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Naka
- Inspection Division, Okayama Prefectural Bizen Public Healthcare Center
| | - Atsushi Hinenoya
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University.,Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Metropolitan University.,Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Metropolitan University
| | - Sharda Prasad Awasthi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University.,Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Metropolitan University.,Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Metropolitan University
| | - Shinji Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University.,Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Metropolitan University.,Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Metropolitan University
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11
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Muchaamba F, Barmettler K, Treier A, Houf K, Stephan R. Microbiology and Epidemiology of Escherichia albertii—An Emerging Elusive Foodborne Pathogen. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050875. [PMID: 35630320 PMCID: PMC9145129 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia albertii, a close relative of E. coli, is an emerging zoonotic foodborne pathogen associated with watery diarrhea mainly in children and immunocompromised individuals. E. albertii was initially classified as eae-positive Hafnia alvei, however, as more genetic and biochemical information became available it was reassigned to its current novel taxonomy. Its infections are common under conditions of poor hygiene with confirmed transmission via contaminated water and food, mainly poultry-based products. This pathogen has been isolated from various domestic and wild animals, with most isolates being derived from birds, implying that birds among other wild animals might act as its reservoir. Due to the absence of standardized isolation and identification protocols, E. albertii can be misidentified as other Enterobacteriaceae. Exploiting phenotypes such as its inability to ferment rhamnose and xylose and PCR assays targeting E. albertii-specific genes such as the cytolethal distending toxin and the DNA-binding transcriptional activator of cysteine biosynthesis encoding genes can be used to accurately identify this pathogen. Several gaps exist in our knowledge of E. albertii and need to be bridged. A deeper understanding of E. albertii epidemiology and physiology is required to allow the development of effective measures to control its transmission and infections. Overall, current data suggest that E. albertii might play a more significant role in global infectious diarrhea cases than previously assumed and is often overlooked or misidentified. Therefore, simple, and efficient diagnostic tools that cover E. albertii biodiversity are required for effective isolation and identification of this elusive agent of diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Muchaamba
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (K.B.); (A.T.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Karen Barmettler
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (K.B.); (A.T.); (R.S.)
| | - Andrea Treier
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (K.B.); (A.T.); (R.S.)
| | - Kurt Houf
- Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;
| | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (K.B.); (A.T.); (R.S.)
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12
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Zhang X, Payne M, Kaur S, Lan R. Improved Genomic Identification, Clustering, and Serotyping of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Using Cluster/Serotype-Specific Gene Markers. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:772574. [PMID: 35083165 PMCID: PMC8785982 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.772574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) have more than 470 serotypes. The well-known STEC O157:H7 serotype is a leading cause of STEC infections in humans. However, the incidence of non-O157:H7 STEC serotypes associated with foodborne outbreaks and human infections has increased in recent years. Current detection and serotyping assays are focusing on O157 and top six (“Big six”) non-O157 STEC serogroups. In this study, we performed phylogenetic analysis of nearly 41,000 publicly available STEC genomes representing 460 different STEC serotypes and identified 19 major and 229 minor STEC clusters. STEC cluster-specific gene markers were then identified through comparative genomic analysis. We further identified serotype-specific gene markers for the top 10 most frequent non-O157:H7 STEC serotypes. The cluster or serotype specific gene markers had 99.54% accuracy and more than 97.25% specificity when tested using 38,534 STEC and 14,216 non-STEC E. coli genomes, respectively. In addition, we developed a freely available in silico serotyping pipeline named STECFinder that combined these robust gene markers with established E. coli serotype specific O and H antigen genes and stx genes for accurate identification, cluster determination and serotyping of STEC. STECFinder can assign 99.85% and 99.83% of 38,534 STEC isolates to STEC clusters using assembled genomes and Illumina reads respectively and can simultaneously predict stx subtypes and STEC serotypes. Using shotgun metagenomic sequencing reads of STEC spiked food samples from a published study, we demonstrated that STECFinder can detect the spiked STEC serotypes, accurately. The cluster/serotype-specific gene markers could also be adapted for culture independent typing, facilitating rapid STEC typing. STECFinder is available as an installable package (https://github.com/LanLab/STECFinder) and will be useful for in silico STEC cluster identification and serotyping using genome data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Payne
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sandeep Kaur
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ruiting Lan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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13
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Arai S, Yamaya S, Ohtsuka K, Konishi N, Obata H, Ooka T, Hirose S, Kai A, Hara-Kudo Y. Detection of Escherichia albertii in Retail Oysters. J Food Prot 2022; 85:173-179. [PMID: 34591074 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Escherichia albertii is an emerging foodborne pathogen. Owing to its distribution in river water, it is important to determine the presence of E. albertii in aquaculture-related foods. In this study, we investigated the distribution of E. albertii in retail oyster samples. A total of 427 raw oyster samples (385 Pacific oysters and 42 Japanese rock oysters) were enriched in modified Escherichia coli broth (mEC) or mEC supplemented with novobiocin (NmEC) at 42°C. The cultures were used for E. albertii-specific nested PCR assay, as well as for E. albertii isolation using deoxycholate hydrogen sulfide lactose agar (DHL), DHL supplemented with rhamnose and xylose, and MacConkey agar supplemented with rhamnose and xylose. The population of E. albertii in nested PCR-positive samples was determined using the most-probable-number (MPN) method. E. albertii isolates were subjected to biochemical and genetic characterization. E. albertii was detected in 5 (1.6%) of 315 Pacific oyster samples (one piece each), 2 (2.9%) of 70 Pacific oyster samples (25 g each), and 2 (4.8%) of 42 Japanese rock oyster samples procured from four geographically distinct regions. A total of 64 E. albertii strains were isolated from eight of the nine nested PCR assay-positive oyster samples, and the MPN value was under the detection limit (<3 MPN/10 g). A specific season or month for detecting E. albertii was not observed in this study, suggesting that the pathogen is present in seawater. All the E. albertii isolates, except one, were positive for the virulence factor eae, indicating that these isolates have the potential to infect humans. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakura Arai
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Satoko Yamaya
- Miyagi Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment, 4-7-2, Saiwai-cho, Miyagino-ku, Sendai 983-0836, Japan
| | - Kayoko Ohtsuka
- Saitama Institute of Public Health, 410-1, Ewai, Yoshimi-machi, Hiki-gun, Saitama 355-0133, Japan
| | - Noriko Konishi
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1, Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Hiromi Obata
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1, Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Tadasuke Ooka
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima city, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Shouhei Hirose
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Akemi Kai
- Japan Food Hygiene Association, 2-5-47, Tadao, Machida-city, Tokyo 194-0035, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hara-Kudo
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
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14
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Hinenoya A. [Molecular epidemiology of Escherichia albertii, emerging zoonotic enteropathogen]. Nihon Saikingaku Zasshi 2021; 76:175-185. [PMID: 34789594 DOI: 10.3412/jsb.76.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is an emerging zoonotic enteric pathogen, closely related to E. coli. Several foodborne outbreaks caused by E. albertii accounting for >100 patients have recently occurred in Japan. This bacterium carries eae gene, similar to enteropathogenic E. coli. Some of them harbor Shiga toxin 2 (stx2a, stx2f) genes, primary virulence factor of enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), suggesting that the Stx2 producers could cause severe diseases such as HUS in humans. However, due to lack of the knowledges about its bacteriological characteristics and of the diagnostic methods, E. albertii-related infections might have been underestimated, and the infection sources and routes have not yet been understood. We had continuously performed molecular epidemiological studies targeting for cytolethal distending toxin-producing E. coli, and unexpectedly found that cdt-II gene-positive isolates were not E. coli but E. albertii. This finding led us to initiate research more focusing on E. albertii. We have constructed simple, efficient and reliable methods for the detection, isolation and identification of this bacterium by developing an E. albertii-specific PCR assay targeting Eacdt genes and E. albertii-selective isolation medium named XRM-MacConkey agar. We have also identified raccoons as a potential natural reservoir of E. albertii through wildlife survey using these methods. Here, I describe what I have studied with my colleagues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Hinenoya
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
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15
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Castro VS, Ortega Polo R, Figueiredo EEDS, Bumunange EW, McAllister T, King R, Conte-Junior CA, Stanford K. Inconsistent PCR detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli: Insights from whole genome sequence analyses. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257168. [PMID: 34478476 PMCID: PMC8415614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) have been linked to food-borne disease outbreaks. As PCR is routinely used to screen foods for STEC, it is important that factors leading to inconsistent detection of STEC by PCR are understood. This study used whole genome sequencing (WGS) to investigate causes of inconsistent PCR detection of stx1, stx2, and serogroup-specific genes. Fifty strains isolated from Alberta feedlot cattle from three different studies were selected with inconsistent or consistent detection of stx and serogroup by PCR. All isolates were initially classified as STEC by PCR. Sequencing was performed using Illumina MiSeq® with sample library by Nextera XT. Virtual PCRs were performed using Geneious and bacteriophage content was determined using PHASTER. Sequencing coverage ranged from 47 to 102x, averaging 74x, with sequences deposited in the NCBI database. Eleven strains were confirmed by WGS as STEC having complete stxA and stxB subunits. However, truncated stx fragments occurred in twenty-two other isolates, some having multiple stx fragments in the genome. Isolates with complete stx by WGS had consistent stx1 and stx2 detection by PCR, although one also having a stx2 fragment had inconsistent stx2 PCR. For all STEC and 18/39 non-STEC, serogroups determined by PCR agreed with those determined by WGS. An additional three WGS serotypes were inconclusive and two isolates were Citrobacter spp. Results demonstrate that stx fragments associated with stx-carrying bacteriophages in the E. coli genome may contribute to inconsistent detection of stx1 and stx2 by PCR. Fourteen isolates had integrated stx bacteriophage but lacked complete or fragmentary stx possibly due to partial bacteriophage excision after sub-cultivation or other unclear mechanisms. The majority of STEC isolates (7/11) did not have identifiable bacteriophage DNA in the contig(s) where stx was located, likely increasing the stability of stx in the bacterial genome and its detection by PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Silva Castro
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Ortega Polo
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Canada
| | | | | | - Tim McAllister
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Robin King
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Kim Stanford
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada
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16
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Hinenoya A, Awasthi SP, Yasuda N, Nagano K, Hassan J, Takehira K, Hatanaka N, Saito S, Watabe T, Yoshizawa M, Inoue H, Yamasaki S. Detection, isolation and molecular characterization of Escherichia albertii in wild birds in West Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis 2021; 75:156-163. [PMID: 34470969 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2021.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is an emerging zoonotic foodborne pathogen. Several outbreaks of E. albertii have occurred particularly in Japan. Although birds have been considered as one of the most important reservoirs of this bacterium, information regarding the prevalence in birds is still scanty. We performed a survey of E. albertii in wild birds in Japan, and examined characteristics of the isolates. E. albertii specific gene was detected in 5 cloacal swabs out of 156 birds by PCR. Four E. albertii were isolated from a swallow with 2 different E. albertii strains and 2 pigeons in a flock by XRM-MacConkey agar. These isolates were assigned to biogroup 3, shown no resistance to any antimicrobials tested, and classified into 2 EAO-genotypes (EAOg2 and EAOg33) and untypable. Similar to clinical E. albertii strains, these isolates carried virulence genes including eae (n=4), paa (n=4), Eccdt-I (n=2) and stx2f (n=1) in addition to Eacdt. Interestingly, stx2f genes in a strain were located on an inducible bacteriophage, which can confer the ability to produce Stx2f to E. coli. In conclusion, Japanese wild birds carried E. albertii at the similar levels to the reported prevalence in birds. These isolates may have a potential to cause gastroenteritis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Hinenoya
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan.,Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan.,Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan
| | - Sharda Prasad Awasthi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan.,Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan.,Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan
| | - Noritomo Yasuda
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan
| | - Keigo Nagano
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan
| | - Jayedul Hassan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan
| | - Keiji Takehira
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan
| | - Noritoshi Hatanaka
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan.,Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan.,Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Shinji Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan.,Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan.,Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan
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17
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Hinenoya A, Nagano K, Awasthi SP, Hatanaka N, Yamasaki S. Prevalence of Escherichia albertii in Raccoons (Procyon lotor), Japan. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 26:1304-1307. [PMID: 32441634 PMCID: PMC7258444 DOI: 10.3201/eid2606.191436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural reservoirs of Escherichia albertii remain unclear. In this study, we detected E. albertii by PCR in 248 (57.7%) of 430 raccoons from Osaka, Japan, and isolated 143 E. albertii strains from the 62 PCR-positive samples. These data indicate that raccoons could be a natural reservoir of E. albertii in Japan.
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18
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Arai S, Ohtsuka K, Konishi N, Ohya K, Konno T, Tokoi Y, Nagaoka H, Asano Y, Maruyama H, Uchiyama H, Takara T, Hara-Kudo Y. Evaluating Methods for Detecting Escherichia albertii in Chicken Meat. J Food Prot 2021; 84:553-562. [PMID: 33159453 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Escherichia albertii is an emerging foodborne pathogen. The source of the E. albertii infection in most foodborne outbreaks is unknown because E. albertii is difficult to isolate from suspected food or water. E. albertii has a broad host range among birds and can be isolated from chicken meat. In this study, PCR assay, enrichment, and isolation conditions for detecting E. albertii in chicken meat were evaluated. The growth of 47 E. albertii strains isolated in Japan between 1994 and 2018 and a type strain was evaluated in modified EC broth (mEC) and mEC supplemented with novobiocin (NmEC) and on media containing carbohydrates. The enzyme used for the nested PCR, the enrichment conditions, the most-probable-number (MPN) method, and agar media were also evaluated with chicken meat. To distinguish E. albertii from presumptive non-E. albertii bacteria, desoxycholate hydrogen sulfide lactose agar (DHL), MacConkey agar (MAC), and these agars supplemented with rhamnose and xylose (RX-DHL and RX-MAC, respectively) were used. All E. albertii strains grew in mEC and NmEC at both 36 and 42°C and did not utilize rhamnose, sucrose, or xylose. Both the first and nested PCRs with TaKaRa Ex Taq, which was 10 to 100 times more active than the other enzymes, produced positive results in enrichment culture of 25 g of chicken meat inoculated with >20 CFU of E. albertii and incubated in mEC and NmEC at 42°C for 22 ± 2 h. Thus, the first PCR was sensitive enough to detect E. albertii in chicken meat. The MPN values in mEC and NmEC were 0.5- and 2.3-fold higher than the original inoculated bacterial levels, respectively. E. albertii in chicken meat was more efficiently isolated with enrichment in NmEC (70.1 to 100%) and plating onto RX-DHL (85.4%) and RX-MAC (100%) compared with enrichment in mEC (53.5 to 83.3%) and plating onto DHL (70.1%) and MAC (92.4%). Thus, optimized conditions for the surveillance of E. albertii contamination in food and investigations of E. albertii outbreaks, including the infectious dose, were clarified. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakura Arai
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan.,(ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6572-1800 [S.A.])
| | - Kayoko Ohtsuka
- Saitama Institute of Public Health, 410-1, Ewai, Yoshimi-machi, Hiki-gun, Saitama 355-0133, Japan
| | - Noriko Konishi
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1, Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Kenji Ohya
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Takayuki Konno
- Akita Prefectural Research Center for Public Health and Environment, 6-6, Senshukubota-machi, Akita 010-0874, Japan
| | - Yuki Tokoi
- Utsunomiya City Institute of Public Health and Environment, Takebayashi-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-0974, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nagaoka
- Shizuoka Institute of Environment and Hygiene, 4-27-2, Kitaandou, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka 420-8637, Japan
| | - Yukiko Asano
- Ehime Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, 8-234, Sanbancho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-0003, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Maruyama
- Fukuoka City Institute of Health and Environment, 2-1-34 Jigyohama, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka 810-0065, Japan
| | - Hiroko Uchiyama
- Miyazaki Prefectural Institute for Public Health and Environment, 2-3-2 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2155, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Takara
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma-shi, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hara-Kudo
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
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Foroughi A, Namdari A, Rahimian-Zarif B. Detection of Escherichia Albertii in Urinary and Gastrointestinal Infections in Kermanshah, Iran. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENTERIC PATHOGENS 2021. [DOI: 10.34172/ijep.2021.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Escherichia albertii has been recently isolated from the feces of people with gastroenteritis as a pathogen that causes diarrhea. Due to insufficient information on the phenotypic and biochemical characteristics of E. albertii, it is difficult to distinguish it from other species of the Enterobacteriaceae family and, therefore, it is mistakenly identified as Escherichia coli or even Hafnia alvei. Objective: The present study which was conducted for the first time in Iran aimed to identify E. albertii in samples from individuals afflicted with urinary and gastrointestinal infections by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The required samples were obtained from clinical laboratories in Kermanshah. Materials and Methods: Firstly, a total of 60 urinary and 40 fecal samples identified as E. coli in clinical laboratories were re-evaluated in terms of specific phenotypic and biochemical characteristics of E. coli. Then, two lysP and mdh genes were detected for E. albertii, and the uidA gene was found for E. coli by PCR using specific primers pairs. Results: The results from phenotypic and biochemical tests indicated that all samples shared common characteristics with E. coli. However, PCR findings demonstrated that out of 100 samples, 6 samples (6%) contained specific genes of E. coli while 94 remaining samples (94%) showed the uidA gene. Out of the given 6 samples, 5 samples carried urinary tract infections and only one showed gastrointestinal infection. Conclusion: Our study findings revealed that E. albertii could have been considered as one of the causes for urinary and gastrointestinal infections in Iran, and that it was mistakenly identified as E. coli in clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Foroughi
- Department of Pathobiology & Basic Science, Veterinary Science Faculty, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Afshin Namdari
- MSc Graduated in Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj Branch, Sanandaj, Iran
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20
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The Changing Face of the Family Enterobacteriaceae (Order: " Enterobacterales"): New Members, Taxonomic Issues, Geographic Expansion, and New Diseases and Disease Syndromes. Clin Microbiol Rev 2021; 34:34/2/e00174-20. [PMID: 33627443 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00174-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The family Enterobacteriaceae has undergone significant morphogenetic changes in its more than 85-year history, particularly during the past 2 decades (2000 to 2020). The development and introduction of new and novel molecular methods coupled with innovative laboratory techniques have led to many advances. We now know that the global range of enterobacteria is much more expansive than previously recognized, as they play important roles in the environment in vegetative processes and through widespread environmental distribution through insect vectors. In humans, many new species have been described, some associated with specific disease processes. Some established species are now observed in new infectious disease settings and syndromes. The results of molecular taxonomic and phylogenetics studies suggest that the current family Enterobacteriaceae should possibly be divided into seven or more separate families. The logarithmic explosion in the number of enterobacterial species described brings into question the relevancy, need, and mechanisms to potentially identify these taxa. This review covers the progression, transformation, and morphogenesis of the family from the seminal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention publication (J. J. Farmer III, B. R. Davis, F. W. Hickman-Brenner, A. McWhorter, et al., J Clin Microbiol 21:46-76, 1985, https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.21.1.46-76.1985) to the present.
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21
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Hinenoya A, Li XP, Zeng X, Sahin O, Moxley RA, Logue CM, Gillespie B, Yamasaki S, Lin J. Isolation and characterization of Escherichia albertii in poultry at the pre-harvest level. Zoonoses Public Health 2021; 68:213-225. [PMID: 33528112 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia albertii, often misidentified as Escherichia coli, has become an emerging foodborne human enteric pathogen. However, the prevalence and major animal reservoirs of this significant pathogen are still not clear. Here, we performed comprehensive microbiological, molecular, comparative genomics and animal studies to understand the status and features of E. albertii in the US domestic and food animals. Although no E. albertii was identified in a total of 1,022 diverse E. coli strains isolated from pets and food animals in a retrospective screening, in a pilot study, E. albertii was successfully isolated from a broiler farm (6 out of 20 chickens). The chicken E. albertii isolates showed clonal relationship as indicated by both pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and whole-genome sequence analysis. The isolated chicken E. albertii displayed multidrug resistance; all the resistance determinants including the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase gene, carried by plasmids, could be conjugatively transferred to E. coli, which was further confirmed by S1-PFGE and Southern hybridization. Whole-genome sequence-based phylogenetic analysis showed the chicken E. albertii strains were phylogenetically close to those of human origins. Challenge experiment demonstrated that the E. albertii strains isolated from human and wild bird could successfully colonize in the chicken intestine. Together, this study, for the first time, reported the isolation of E. albertii in poultry at the pre-hrvest level. The findings from multi-tier characterization of the chicken E. albertii strains indicated the importance of chickens as a reservoir for E. albertii. A large scale of E. albertii survey in poultry production at the pre-harvest level is highly warranted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Hinenoya
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.,Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan.,Asian Health Science Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Xing-Ping Li
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Ximin Zeng
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Orhan Sahin
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Rodney A Moxley
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Catherine M Logue
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Barbara Gillespie
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Shinji Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan.,Asian Health Science Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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22
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Gomes TAT, Ooka T, Hernandes RT, Yamamoto D, Hayashi T. Escherichia albertii Pathogenesis. EcoSal Plus 2020; 9:10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0015-2019. [PMID: 32588811 PMCID: PMC11168576 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.esp-0015-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is an emerging enteropathogen of humans and many avian species. This bacterium is a close relative of Escherichia coli and has been frequently misidentified as enteropathogenic or enterohemorrhagic E. coli due to their similarity in phenotypic and genetic features, such as various biochemical properties and the possession of a type III secretion system encoded by the locus of enterocyte effacement. This pathogen causes outbreaks of gastroenteritis, and some strains produce Shiga toxin. Although many genetic and phenotypic studies have been published and the genome sequences of more than 200 E. albertii strains are now available, the clinical significance of this species is not yet fully understood. The apparent zoonotic nature of the disease requires a deeper understanding of the transmission routes and mechanisms of E. albertii to develop effective measures to control its transmission and infection. Here, we review the current knowledge of the phylogenic relationship of E. albertii with other Escherichia species and the biochemical and genetic properties of E. albertii, with particular emphasis on the repertoire of virulence factors and the mechanisms of pathogenicity, and we hope this provides a basis for future studies of this important emerging enteropathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia A T Gomes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tadasuke Ooka
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Rodrigo T Hernandes
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Campus de Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Yamamoto
- Universidade Santo Amaro, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tetsuya Hayashi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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23
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Hinenoya A, Nagano K, Okuno K, Nagita A, Hatanaka N, Awasthi SP, Yamasaki S. Development of XRM-MacConkey agar selective medium for the isolation of Escherichia albertii. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 97:115006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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24
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Ooka T, Seto K, Ogura Y, Nakamura K, Iguchi A, Gotoh Y, Honda M, Etoh Y, Ikeda T, Sugitani W, Konno T, Kawano K, Imuta N, Yoshiie K, Hara-Kudo Y, Murakami K, Hayashi T, Nishi J. O-antigen biosynthesis gene clusters of Escherichia albertii: their diversity and similarity to Escherichia coli gene clusters and the development of an O-genotyping method. Microb Genom 2020; 5. [PMID: 31738701 PMCID: PMC6927306 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is a recently recognized human enteropathogen that is closely related to Escherichia coli. In many Gram-negative bacteria, including E. coli, O-antigen variation has long been used for the serotyping of strains. In E. albertii, while eight O-serotypes unique to this species have been identified, some strains have been shown to exhibit genetic or serological similarity to known E. coli/Shigella O-serotypes. However, the diversity of O-serotypes and O-antigen biosynthesis gene clusters (O-AGCs) of E. albertii remains to be systematically investigated. Here, we analysed the O-AGCs of 65 E. albertii strains and identified 40 E. albertii O-genotypes (EAOgs) (named EAOg1–EAOg40). Analyses of the 40 EAOgs revealed that as many as 20 EAOgs exhibited significant genetic and serological similarity to the O-AGCs of known E. coli/Shigella O-serotypes, and provided evidence for the inter-species horizontal gene transfer of O-AGCs between E. albertii and E. coli. Based on the sequence variation in the wzx gene among the 40 EAOgs, we developed a multiplex PCR-based O-genotyping system for E. albertii (EAO-genotyping PCR) and verified its usefulness by genotyping 278 E. albertii strains from various sources. Although 225 (80.9 %) of the 278 strains could be genotyped, 51 were not assigned to any of the 40 EAOgs, indicating that further analyses are required to better understand the diversity of O-AGCs in E. albertii and improve the EAO-genotyping PCR method. A phylogenetic view of E. albertii strains sequenced so far is also presented with the distribution of the 40 EAOgs, which provided multiple examples for the intra-species horizontal transfer of O-AGCs in E. albertii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadasuke Ooka
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kazuko Seto
- Osaka Institute of Public Health, 1-3-69 Nakamichi, Higasinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan
| | - Yoshitoshi Ogura
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Keiji Nakamura
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iguchi
- Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Gotoh
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mikiko Honda
- Fukuoka City Institute of Hygiene and the Environment, 2-1-34 Jigyohama, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka 810-0065, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Etoh
- Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, 39 Mukaizano, Dazaifu, Fukuoka 818-0135, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ikeda
- Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Kita-19, Nishi-12, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Wakana Sugitani
- Kumamoto City Environmental Research Institute, 404-1, Ezumachi Tokorojima, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862-0946, Japan
| | - Takayuki Konno
- Akita Prefectural Research Center for Public Health and Environment, 6-6 Senshu Kubota-machi, Akita 010-0874, Japan
| | - Kimiko Kawano
- Miyazaki Prefectural Institute for Public Health and Environment, 2-3-2 Gakuen-kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2155, Japan
| | - Naoko Imuta
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Yoshiie
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hara-Kudo
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-9501, Japan
| | - Koichi Murakami
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-murayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hayashi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Junichiro Nishi
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
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25
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Hatanaka N, Awasthi SP, Hinenoya A, Ueda O, Yamasaki S. Accurate identification of Escherichia albertii by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. J Microbiol Methods 2020; 173:105916. [PMID: 32277976 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.105916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A specific identification protocol for Escherichia albertii by using a MALDI-TOF/MS method was developed. For this purpose, a novel database was established which can differentiate E. albertii from E. coli by combining the mass spectra obtained from 58 E. albertii and 36 E. coli strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noritoshi Hatanaka
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan; Research Center for Asian Health Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sharda Prasad Awasthi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hinenoya
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan; Research Center for Asian Health Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Osamu Ueda
- Diagnostics Marketing of Microbiology, Beckman Coulter K.K., Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Shinji Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan; Research Center for Asian Health Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan.
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26
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Ikeda T, Shinagawa T, Ito T, Ohno Y, Kubo A, Nishi J, Gotoh Y, Ogura Y, Ooka T, Hayashi T. Hypoosmotic stress induces flagellar biosynthesis and swimming motility in Escherichia albertii. Commun Biol 2020; 3:87. [PMID: 32111956 PMCID: PMC7048735 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0816-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria use flagella as propellers to move to favorable environments. Escherichia albertii, a growing cause of foodborne illness and diarrhea, is reportedly non-motile and lacks flagella on its surface. Here, we report that 27 out of 59 E. albertii strains, collected mainly from humans and birds, showed swimming motility when cultured at low osmotic pressure. The biosynthesis of flagella in E. albertii cells was induced under ambient temperature and hypoosmotic pressure: conditions which resemble aquatic environments. Flagellar induction increased E. albertii survival in the intestinal epithelial cell culture containing gentamicin. Although genes involved in chemotaxis are not present in the E. albertii genome, the addition of glutamic acid, an amino acid known to regulate the internal cell osmolarity, augmented the proportion of swimming cells by 35-fold. These results suggest that flagellar biosynthesis and motility in E. albertii cells are controlled by their internal and external osmolarity. Ikeda et al. report that enteropathogen E. albertii, thought to be a non-motile microorganism, may form flagella and acquire swimming motility in a hypoosmotic environment and ambient temperatures. Further addition of glutamic acid, an amino acid known to regulate the internal cell osmolarity, augments the proportion of swimming cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Ikeda
- Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Kita-19, Nishi-12, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan.
| | - Toshie Shinagawa
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Nozaki Tokushukai Hospital Research Institute, 2-10-50 Tanigawa, Daito, 574-0074, Japan
| | - Takuya Ito
- Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Kita-19, Nishi-12, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Yuta Ohno
- Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Kita-19, Nishi-12, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Akiko Kubo
- Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Kita-19, Nishi-12, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Junichiro Nishi
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Gotoh
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshitoshi Ogura
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tadasuke Ooka
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hayashi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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Koutsoumanis K, Allende A, Alvarez‐Ordóñez A, Bover‐Cid S, Chemaly M, Davies R, De Cesare A, Herman L, Hilbert F, Lindqvist R, Nauta M, Peixe L, Ru G, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Suffredini E, Jenkins C, Monteiro Pires S, Morabito S, Niskanen T, Scheutz F, da Silva Felício MT, Messens W, Bolton D. Pathogenicity assessment of Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and the public health risk posed by contamination of food with STEC. EFSA J 2020. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.5967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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28
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Naumenko OI, Zheng H, Shashkov AS, Sun Y, Senchenkova SN, Bai L, Wang J, Wang H, Li Q, Knirel YA, Xiong Y. Escherichia albertii EA046 (O9) harbors two polysaccharide gene clusters for synthesis of the O-antigen by the Wzx/Wzy-dependent pathway and a mannan shared by Escherichia coli O8 by the Wzm/Wzt-dependent pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 142:609-614. [PMID: 31622726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
O antigen is a polysaccharide chain of a lipopolysaccharide on the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. O-antigen-based serotyping and molecular typing are widely used for epidemiological and surveillance purposes. Two polysaccharides were isolated by Sephadex G-50 gel-permeation chromatography following mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia albertii EA046 assigned to serotype O9. The polysaccharide eluted first was considered as the O-antigen. It was composed of tetrasaccharide repeating units containing two residues of d-Man and one residue each of d-Gal and d-GlcNAc as well as glycerol phosphate. It had the following unique structure which was established by NMR spectroscopy applied to the initial and dephosphorylated polysaccharides: The polysaccharide eluted from the gel second was identified as a mannan with a → 3)-β-d-Manp-(1 → 2)-α-d-Manp-(1 → 2)-α-d-Manp-(1 → trisaccharide repeating unit. In E. albertii EA046, two polysaccharide gene clusters were found at a chromosomal locus flanked by the conserved galF gene and the histidine synthesis operon (his). They were suggested to drive the biosynthesis of the O-antigen by the Wzy/Wzy-dependent pathway and the mannan by the Wzm/Wzt-dependent pathway. The mannan shares the structure and gene cluster with a polysaccharide isolated earlier from the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesya I Naumenko
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Han Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Alexander S Shashkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yong Sun
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Sof'ya N Senchenkova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Li Bai
- Division I of Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qun Li
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuriy A Knirel
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yanwen Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Development of a specific cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) gene (Eacdt)-based PCR assay for the detection of Escherichia albertii. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 95:119-124. [PMID: 31272742 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Many Escherichia albertii isolates, an emerging pathogen of human and birds, might have been misidentified due to the difficulty of differentiating this bacterium from Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. by routine biochemical tests, resulting in underestimation of E. albertii infections. We have developed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that targets E. albertii cytolethal distending toxin (Eacdt) genes, which include the genes previously identified as Escherichia coli cdt-II. This assay could generate a single 449-bp PCR product in each of 67 confirmed E. albertii strains but failed to produce PCR product from any of the tested non-E. albertii enteric strains belonging to 37 different species, indicating 100% sensitivity and specificity of the PCR assay. The detection limit was 10 CFU per PCR tube and could detect 105 CFU E. albertii per gram of spiked healthy human stool. The Eacdt gene-based PCR could be useful for simple, rapid, and accurate detection and identification of E. albertii.
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30
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Response to Questions Posed by the Food and Drug Administration Regarding Virulence Factors and Attributes that Define Foodborne Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) as Severe Human Pathogens †. J Food Prot 2019; 82:724-767. [PMID: 30969806 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
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- NACMCF Executive Secretariat, * U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Office of Public Health Science, PP3, 9-178, 1400 Independence Avenue S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-3700, USA
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31
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Hinenoya A, Ichimura H, Awasthi SP, Yasuda N, Yatsuyanagi J, Yamasaki S. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Escherichia albertii: Further surrogates to avoid potential laboratory misidentification. Int J Med Microbiol 2019; 309:108-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Hazard Identification and Characterization: Criteria for Categorizing Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli on a Risk Basis †. J Food Prot 2019; 82:7-21. [PMID: 30586326 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) comprise a large, highly diverse group of strains. Since the emergence of STEC serotype O157:H7 as an important foodborne pathogen, serotype data have been used for identifying STEC strains, and this use continued as other serotypes were implicated in human infections. An estimated 470 STEC serotypes have been identified, which can produce one or more of the 12 known Shiga toxin (Stx) subtypes. The number of STEC serotypes that cause human illness varies but is probably higher than 100. However, many STEC virulence genes are mobile and can be lost or transferred to other bacteria; therefore, STEC strains that have the same serotype may not carry the same virulence genes or pose the same risk. Although serotype information is useful in outbreak investigations and surveillance studies, it is not a reliable means of assessing the human health risk posed by a particular STEC serotype. To contribute to the development of a set of criteria that would more reliably support hazard identification, this review considered each of the factors contributing to a negative human health outcome: mild diarrhea, bloody diarrhea, and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). STEC pathogenesis involves entry into the human gut (often via ingestion), attachment to the intestinal epithelial cells, and elaboration of Stx. Production of Stx, which disrupts normal cellular functions and causes cell damage, alone without adherence of bacterial cells to gut epithelial cells is insufficient to cause severe illness. The principal adherence factor in STEC is the intimin protein coded by the eae gene. The aggregative adherence fimbriae adhesins regulated by the aggR gene of enteroaggregative E. coli strains are also effective adherence factors. The stx2a gene is most often present in locus of enterocyte effacement ( eae)-positive STEC strains and has consistently been associated with HUS. The stx2a gene has also been found in eae-negative, aggR-positive STEC that have caused HUS. HUS cases where other stx gene subtypes were identified indicate that other factors such as host susceptibility and the genetic cocktail of virulence genes in individual isolates may affect their association with severe diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
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- The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meetings on Microbiological Risk Assessment (JEMRA) Secretariat, * Food Safety and Quality Unit, Agriculture and Consumer Protection Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy
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The Evasive Enemy: Insights into the Virulence and Epidemiology of the Emerging Attaching and Effacing Pathogen Escherichia albertii. Infect Immun 2018; 87:IAI.00254-18. [PMID: 30373891 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00254-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The diarrheic attaching and effacing (A/E) pathogen Escherichia albertii was first isolated from infants in Bangladesh in 1991, although the bacterium was initially classified as Hafnia alvei Subsequent genetic and biochemical interrogation of these isolates raised concerns about their initial taxonomic placement. It was not until 2003 that these isolates were reassigned to the novel taxon Escherichia albertii because they were genetically more closely related to E. coli, although they had diverged sufficiently to warrant a novel species name. Unfortunately, new isolates continue to be mistyped as enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) or enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) owing to shared traits, most notably the ability to form A/E lesions. Consequently, E. albertii remains an underappreciated A/E pathogen, despite multiple reports demonstrating that many provisional EPEC and EHEC isolates incriminated in disease outbreaks are actually E. albertii Metagenomic studies on dozens of E. albertii isolates reveal a genetic architecture that boasts an arsenal of candidate virulence factors to rival that of its better-characterized cousins, EPEC and EHEC. Beyond these computational comparisons, studies addressing the regulation, structure, function, and mechanism of action of its repertoire of virulence factors are lacking. Thus, the paucity of knowledge about the epidemiology, virulence, and antibiotic resistance of E. albertii, coupled with its misclassification and its ability to develop multidrug resistance in a single step, highlights the challenges in combating this emerging pathogen. This review seeks to synthesize our current but incomplete understanding of the biology of E. albertii.
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Hassan J, Awasthi SP, Hatanaka N, Okuno K, Hoang PH, Nagita A, Hinenoya A, Yamasaki S. Development of a multiplex PCR targeting eae, stx and cdt genes in genus Escherichia and detection of a novel cdtB gene in Providencia rustigianii. Pathog Dis 2018; 76:5290315. [PMID: 30657893 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftz002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to develop a multiplex PCR (m-PCR) for the detection of Escherichia coli attaching and effacing (eae), Shiga toxin (stx) and cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) genes encoding important virulence factors of diarrheagenic E. coli such as EPEC, STEC, and Escherichia albertii. For this purpose, the m-PCR was designed to detect eae, all the subtypes of stx (stx1, stx2a-g except stx2f) and cdt (I-V) genes. The m-PCR was validated with 58 and 55 target gene-positive and negative strains of different sources, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of the m-PCR were 100%. The m-PCR could also detect the eae, stx and cdt genes in bacteria spiked into stool specimens with or without enrichment culture. Clinical specimens collected from children with diarrhea were tested by the m-PCR, and 27 eae and 32 cdt genes were detected. Among them, three cdt-II and one untypable cdt gene-positive bacteria were isolated and identified as E. albertii and Providencia rustigianii, respectively. This is the first report demonstrating the presence of cdtB gene in P. rustigianii. These results indicate that the m-PCR is useful for surveillance of eae, stx and cdt gene-positive bacteria, not only EPEC, STEC and E. albertii but also P. rustigianii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayedul Hassan
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinkuourai-kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Sharda Prasad Awasthi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinkuourai-kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Noritoshi Hatanaka
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinkuourai-kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Kentaro Okuno
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinkuourai-kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Phuong Hoai Hoang
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinkuourai-kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Akira Nagita
- Department of Pediatrics, Mizushima Central Hospital, 4-5, Mizushima Aobacho, Kurashiki, Okayama 712-8064, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hinenoya
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinkuourai-kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Shinji Yamasaki
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinkuourai-kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
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Maheux AF, Brodeur S, Bérubé È, Boudreau DK, Abed JY, Boissinot M, Bissonnette L, Bergeron MG. Method for isolation of both lactose-fermenting and – non-fermenting Escherichia albertii strains from stool samples. J Microbiol Methods 2018; 154:134-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Senthakumaran T, Brandal LT, Lindstedt BA, Jørgensen SB, Charnock C, Tunsjø HS. Implications of stx loss for clinical diagnostics of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 37:2361-2370. [PMID: 30267169 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-018-3384-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics related to the loss of stx genes from Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli remain unclear. Current diagnostic procedures have shortcomings in the detection and identification of STEC. This is partly owing to the fact that stx genes may be lost during an infection or in the laboratory. The aim of the present study was to provide new insight into in vivo and in vitro stx loss in order to improve diagnostic procedures. Results from the study support the theory that loss of stx is a strain-related phenomenon and not induced by patient factors. It was observed that one strain could lose stx both in vivo and in vitro. Whole genome comparison of stx-positive and stx-negative isolates from the same patient revealed that different genomic rearrangements, such as complete or partial loss of the parent prophage, may be factors in the loss of stx. Of diagnostic interest, it was shown that patients can be co-infected with different E. coli pathotypes. Therefore, identification of eae-positive, but stx-negative isolates should not be interpreted as "Shiga toxin-lost" E. coli without further testing. Growth and recovery of STEC were supported by different selective agar media for different strains, arguing for inclusion of several media in STEC diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thulasika Senthakumaran
- Department of Multidisciplinary Laboratory Science and Medical Biochemistry, Genetic Unit, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Akershus, Norway.,Department of Life Sciences and Health, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lin Torstensen Brandal
- Department of Zoonotic, Food- and Waterborne Infections, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn-Arne Lindstedt
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Akershus, Norway
| | - Silje Bakken Jørgensen
- Department of Microbiology and Infection control, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Akershus, Norway
| | - Colin Charnock
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hege Smith Tunsjø
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Microbiology and Infection control, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Akershus, Norway.
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Karmali MA. Factors in the emergence of serious human infections associated with highly pathogenic strains of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. Int J Med Microbiol 2018; 308:1067-1072. [PMID: 30146439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The appearance of highly pathogenic strains of Shiga toxin (Stx)-producingEscherichia. coli (STEC) has owed largely to the acquisition of Stx-encoding prophages by strains of E. coli that have pre-existing potential as enteric pathogens, such as atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC) and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC). However, while high pathogenic potential is necessary, it is not sufficient for such strains to have a serious public health impact (i.e., large outbreaks, many cases of HUS, or both). To do so requires susceptible hosts and additional elements related to transmission, such as, socio-economic, societal, and lifestyle, factors. Two examples are discussed to illustrate this. The factors involved in the emergence of serious disease associated with E. coli O157:H7 in the 1980s probably included a massive increase in population exposure to this pathogen, likely as a result of the introduction of factory farming of cattle in the 1960s, and the development and wide patronage of fast food hamburger restaurants, and, potentially, waning immunity to intimin as a result of the reduction of incidence of enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) infection. In the devastating outbreak of Stx2-positiveEAEC O104:H4 in 2011, the wide distribution of the proposed vehicle of transmission, imported fenugreek seeds, was decisive in the exposure of a large population in Central Europe to this pathogen. Contributing factors likely included a preference for eating raw sprouts as a healthy food choice by the affected cases, many of whom were women. Low population levels of immunity to Stx2 probably contributed to the severe clinical outcome. A better understanding of the factors responsible for the emergence of potentially dangerous STEC pathogens as well as of extensive and serious disease associated with them can enhance public health strategies to respond to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Karmali
- Public Health Consultant, 388 Princess Avenue, Toronto, M2N 3S9, Canada.
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38
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Draft Genome Sequence of the Intimin-Positive Enteropathogenic Escherichia albertii Strain MBT-EA1, Isolated from Lettuce. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2018; 6:6/15/e00255-18. [PMID: 29650574 PMCID: PMC5897810 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00255-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The genome of the intimin (eae)-harboring Escherichia albertii strain MBT-EA1, isolated from lettuce in Germany, was sequenced. Sequence analysis showed the assembled draft genome size to be 4,560,948 bp, containing a predicted total of 4,414 protein-encoding genes, 11 rRNAs, and 82 tRNAs. Furthermore, three plasmid sequences were found.
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Li Q, Wang H, Xu Y, Bai X, Wang J, Zhang Z, Liu X, Miao Y, Zhang L, Li X, Zou N, Yan G, Chen X, Zhang J, Fu S, Fan R, Xu J, Li J, Xiong Y. Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia albertii: Co-occurrence of β-Lactamase and MCR-1 Encoding Genes. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:258. [PMID: 29503643 PMCID: PMC5820351 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is an emerging member of the Enterobacteriaceae causing human and animal enteric infections. Antimicrobial resistance among enteropathogens has been reported to be increasing in the past years. The purpose of this study was to investigate antibiotic resistance and resistance genes in E. albertii isolated from Zigong city, Sichuan province, China. The susceptibility to 21 antimicrobial agents was determined by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The highest prevalence was tetracycline resistance with a rate of 62.7%, followed by resistance to nalidixic acid and streptomycin with a rate of 56.9 and 51.0%, respectively. All isolates were sensitive or intermediate susceptible to imipenem, meropenem, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and levofloxacin. Among 51 E. albertii isolates, 15 were extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing as confirmed by the double disk test. The main β-lactamase gene groups, i.e., blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M, were detected in17, 20, and 22 isolates, respectively. Furthermore, four colistin-resistant isolates with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 8 mg/L were identified. The colistin-resistant isolates all harbored mcr-1 and blaCTX-M-55. Genome sequencing showed that E. albertii strain SP140150 carried mcr-1 and blaCTX-M-55 in two different plasmids. This study provided significant information regarding antibiotic resistance profiles and identified the co-occurrence of β-lactamase and MCR-1 encoding genes in E. albertii isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Li
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Yanmei Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangning Bai
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Yimao Miao
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Xinqiong Li
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Nianli Zou
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Guodong Yan
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Shanshan Fu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ruyue Fan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwen Xiong
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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40
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Grillová L, Sedláček I, Páchníková G, Staňková E, Švec P, Holochová P, Micenková L, Bosák J, Slaninová I, Šmajs D. Characterization of four Escherichia albertii isolates collected from animals living in Antarctica and Patagonia. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 80:138-146. [PMID: 29249728 PMCID: PMC5797873 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is a recently discovered species with a limited number of well characterized strains. The aim of this study was to characterize four of the E. albertii strains, which were among 41 identified Escherichia strains isolated from the feces of living animals on James Ross Island, Antarctica, and Isla Magdalena, Patagonia. Sequencing of 16S rDNA, automated ribotyping, and rep-PCR were used to identify the four E. albertii isolates. Phylogenetic analyses based on multi-locus sequence typing showed these isolates to be genetically most similar to the members of E. albertii phylogroup G3. These isolates encoded several virulence factors including those, which are characteristic of E. albertii (cytolethal distending toxin and intimin) as well as bacteriocin determinants that typically have a very low prevalence in E. coli strains (D, E7). Moreover, E. albertii protein extracts caused cell cycle arrest in human cell line A375, probably because of cytolethal distending toxin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Grillová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Sedláček
- Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Páchníková
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Staňková
- Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Švec
- Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Holochová
- Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Micenková
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Bosák
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Slaninová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Šmajs
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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Association of cytolethal distending toxin-II gene-positive Escherichia coli with Escherichia albertii , an emerging enteropathogen. Int J Med Microbiol 2017; 307:564-571. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Wang H, Zheng H, Li Q, Xu Y, Wang J, Du P, Li X, Liu X, Zhang L, Zou N, Yan G, Zhang Z, Jing H, Xu J, Xiong Y. Defining the Genetic Features of O-Antigen Biosynthesis Gene Cluster and Performance of an O-Antigen Serotyping Scheme for Escherichia albertii. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1857. [PMID: 29018428 PMCID: PMC5622975 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is a newly described and emerging diarrheagenic pathogen responsible for outbreaks of gastroenteritis. Serotyping plays an important role in diagnosis and epidemiological studies for pathogens of public health importance. The diversity of O-antigen biosynthesis gene clusters (O-AGCs) provides the primary basis for serotyping. However, little is known about the distribution and diversity of O-AGCs of E. albertii strains. Here, we presented a complete sequence set for the O-AGCs from 52 E. albertii strains and identified seven distinct O-AGCs. Six of these were also found in 15 genomes of E. albertii strains deposited in the public database. Possession of wzy/wzx genes in each O-AGC strongly suggest that O-antigens of E. albertii were synthesized by the Wzx/Wzy-dependent pathway. Furthermore, we performed an O-antigen serotyping scheme for E. albertii based on specific antisera against seven O-antigens and a high throughput xTAG Luminex assay to simultaneously detect seven O-AGCs. Both methods accurately identified serotypes of 64 tested E. albertii strains. Our data revealed the high-level diversity of O-AGCs in E. albertii. We also provide valuable methods to reliably identify and serotype this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Han Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qun Li
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Yanmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Pengcheng Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinqiong Li
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Nianli Zou
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Guodong Yan
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Huaiqi Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwen Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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43
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Naumenko OI, Zheng H, Senchenkova SN, Wang H, Li Q, Shashkov AS, Wang J, Knirel YA, Xiong Y. Structures and gene clusters of the O-antigens of Escherichia albertii O3, O4, O6, and O7. Carbohydr Res 2017; 449:17-22. [PMID: 28672166 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The O-specific polysaccharides (OPSs) called O-antigens were obtained by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharides of Escherichia albertii serotypes O3, O4, O6, and O7 and studied by sugar analysis along with 1D and 2D 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The following structure was established for the OPS of E. albertii O4, which, to our knowledge, is unique among known bacterial polysaccharide structures: →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1 → 2)-α-l-Fucp-(1 → 2)-β-d-Galp-(1 → 3)-α-d-GalpNAc-(1 → 3)-β-d-GlcpNAc-(1→ The OPS structure of the strain of E. albertii O7 studied was identical to that of strain LMG 20973 (= Albert 10457), whose structure has been reported earlier (R. Eserstam et al. Eur. J. Biochem. 269 (2002) 3289-3295). E. albertii O3 and O6 shared the OPS structures with Escherichia coli O181 and O3, respectively, except for the lack of O-acetylation in E. albertii O3, which is present in E. coli O181. The gene clusters driving the O-antigen biosynthesis of the E. albertii strains were sequenced, the genes were annotated by comparison with sequences in the available databases, and the predicted functions of the encoded proteins were found to be consistent with the OPS structures established. In accordance with the relatedness of the OPS structures, the O-antigen gene clusters of E. albertii O3 and O6 contain the same genes and have the same organization as those of E. coli O181 and O3, the entire gene clusters being 83% and 98% identical, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesya I Naumenko
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Higher Chemical College of the Russian Academy of Sciences, D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Han Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Sof'ya N Senchenkova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Hong Wang
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qun Li
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Alexander S Shashkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jianping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Yuriy A Knirel
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yanwen Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
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Hinenoya A, Yasuda N, Hibino T, Shima A, Nagita A, Tsukamoto T, Yamasaki S. Isolation and Characterization of an Escherichia albertii Strain Producing Three Different Toxins from a Child with Diarrhea. Jpn J Infect Dis 2017; 70:252-257. [DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2016.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Hinenoya
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Noritomo Yasuda
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Takumi Hibino
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Ayaka Shima
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Akira Nagita
- Department of Pediatrics, Mizushima General Hospital
| | - Teizo Tsukamoto
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Shinji Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
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45
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Jones-Ibarra AM, Wall KR, Vuia-Riser J, Kerth CR, Castillo A, Taylor TM. Escherichia albertii Inactivation following l-Lactic Acid Exposure or Cooking in Ground Beef. J Food Prot 2016; 79:1475-1481. [PMID: 28221930 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is an emerging foodborne pathogen recovered from young children and adults exhibiting symptoms of gastroenteritis via pathogenesis factors including attaching and effacing lesions, cytolethal distending toxin, and Shiga toxin variants. Study objectives were to determine E. albertii survival following (i) exposure to lactic acid as a function of solution pH and incubation period and (ii) cooking ground beef patties to different endpoint temperatures. E. albertii was incubated in phosphate buffer containing 3.0% l-lactic acid adjusted to pH 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, or 7.0; survivors were determined every 30 min for 150 min. Ground beef patties (80% lean) were cooked to temperature endpoints simulating undercooking (62°C), the minimum temperature for safe cooking (71.1°C), and cooking to well done (76°C). Maximal pathogen reduction was observed after a 30-min exposure to pH 3.0 l-lactic acid. Reductions of 3.9, 4.4, and 4.9 log CFU/g were obtained following cooking ground beef patties to 62, 71.1, and 76°C, respectively, but the reductions did not differ as a function of the endpoint cooking temperature (P ≥ 0.05). E. albertii may be controlled on beef through the proper application of antimicrobial interventions and cooking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amie M Jones-Ibarra
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Kayley R Wall
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Jennifer Vuia-Riser
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Chris R Kerth
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Alejandro Castillo
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - T Matthew Taylor
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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46
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Egan M, Ramirez J, Xander C, Upreti C, Bhatt S. Lambda Red-mediated Recombineering in the Attaching and Effacing Pathogen Escherichia albertii. Biol Proced Online 2016; 18:3. [PMID: 26843851 PMCID: PMC4739404 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-015-0032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The ability to introduce site-specific mutations in bacterial pathogens is essential towards understanding their molecular mechanisms of pathogenicity. This has been greatly facilitated by the genetic engineering technique of recombineering. In recombineering, linear double- or single-stranded DNA molecules with two terminal homology arms are electroporated into hyperrecombinogenic bacteria that express a phage-encoded recombinase. The recombinase catalyzes the replacement of the endogenous allele with the exogenous allele to generate selectable or screenable recombinants. In particular, lambda red recombinase has been instrumental in engineering mutations to characterize the virulence arsenal of the attaching and effacing (A/E) pathogens enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), and Citrobacter rodentium. Escherichia albertii is another member of this taxon; however, the virulence of E. albertii remains cryptic despite accumulating evidence that E. albertii is an emerging pathogen. Multiple retrospective studies have reported that a substantial number of EPEC and EHEC isolates (~15 %) that were previously incriminated in human outbreaks actually belong to the E. albertii lineage. Thus, there is increased urgency to reliably identify and rapidly engineer mutations in E. albertii to systematically characterize its virulence determinants. To the best of our knowledge not a single chromosomal gene has been altered by targeted mutagenesis in E. albertii since it was first isolated almost 25 years ago. This is disconcerting because an E. albertii outbreak could cause significant morbidity and mortality owing to our inadequate understanding of its virulence program. Results In this report we describe a modified lambda red recombineering protocol to mutagenize E. albertii. As proof of principle, we successfully deleted three distinct virulence-associated genetic loci – ler, grlRA, and hfq – and replaced each wild type allele by a mutant allele with an encodable drug resistance cassette bracketed by FRT sites. Subsequently, the FRT-site flanked drug resistance marker was evicted by FLP-dependent site-specific recombination to generate excisants containing a solitary FRT site. Conclusions Our protocol will enable researchers to construct marked and unmarked genome-wide mutations in E. albertii, which, in turn, will illuminate its molecular mechanisms of pathogenicity and aid in developing appropriate preventative and therapeutic approaches to combat E. albertii outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Egan
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, 5600 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19131 USA ; Department of Mathematics, Saint Joseph's University, 5600 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19131 USA
| | - Jasmine Ramirez
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, 5600 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19131 USA ; Present address: Microbiology Department, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3610 Hamilton Walk, 221 Johnson Pavilion, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Christian Xander
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, 5600 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19131 USA ; Present address: Bluemle Life Sciences Building, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South Tenth Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
| | - Chirag Upreti
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia, USA ; Columbia University Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Shantanu Bhatt
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, 5600 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19131 USA
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47
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Ooka T, Ogura Y, Katsura K, Seto K, Kobayashi H, Kawano K, Tokuoka E, Furukawa M, Harada S, Yoshino S, Seto J, Ikeda T, Yamaguchi K, Murase K, Gotoh Y, Imuta N, Nishi J, Gomes TA, Beutin L, Hayashi T. Defining the Genome Features of Escherichia albertii, an Emerging Enteropathogen Closely Related to Escherichia coli. Genome Biol Evol 2015; 7:3170-9. [PMID: 26537224 PMCID: PMC4700944 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evv211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is a recently recognized close relative of Escherichia coli. This emerging enteropathogen possesses a type III secretion system (T3SS) encoded by the locus of enterocyte effacement, similar to enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EPEC and EHEC). Shiga toxin-producing strains have also been identified. The genomic features of E. albertii, particularly differences from other Escherichia species, have not yet been well clarified. Here, we sequenced the genome of 29 E. albertii strains (3 complete and 26 draft sequences) isolated from multiple sources and performed intraspecies and intragenus genomic comparisons. The sizes of the E. albertii genomes range from 4.5 to 5.1 Mb, smaller than those of E. coli strains. Intraspecies genomic comparisons identified five phylogroups of E. albertii. Intragenus genomic comparison revealed that the possible core genome of E. albertii comprises 3,250 genes, whereas that of the genus Escherichia comprises 1,345 genes. Our analysis further revealed several unique or notable genetic features of E. albertii, including those responsible for known biochemical features and virulence factors and a possibly active second T3SS known as ETT2 (E. coli T3SS 2) that is inactivated in E. coli. Although this organism has been observed to be nonmotile in vitro, genes for flagellar biosynthesis are fully conserved; chemotaxis-related genes have been selectively deleted. Based on these results, we have developed a nested polymerase chain reaction system to directly detect E. albertii. Our data define the genomic features of E. albertii and provide a valuable basis for future studies of this important emerging enteropathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadasuke Ooka
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Yoshitoshi Ogura
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Katsura
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kazuko Seto
- Division of Bacteriology, Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Kobayashi
- Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Animal Health, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kimiko Kawano
- Department of Microbiology, Miyazaki Prefectural Institute for Public Health and Environment, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Eisuke Tokuoka
- Division of Microbiology, Kumamoto Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masato Furukawa
- Division of Microbiology, Kumamoto Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Seiya Harada
- Division of Microbiology, Kumamoto Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shuji Yoshino
- Department of Microbiology, Miyazaki Prefectural Institute for Public Health and Environment, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Junji Seto
- Department of Microbiology, Yamagata Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ikeda
- Department of Infection Diseases Bacteriology, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Keiji Yamaguchi
- Department of Infection Diseases Bacteriology, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazunori Murase
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Gotoh
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Naoko Imuta
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Junichiro Nishi
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Tânia A Gomes
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Lothar Beutin
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hayashi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Tunsjø HS, Kvissel AK, Follin-Arbelet B, Brotnov BM, Ranheim TE, Leegaard TM. Suitability of stx-PCR directly from fecal samples in clinical diagnostics of STEC. APMIS 2015; 123:872-8. [PMID: 26303619 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PCR-based testing for Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) directly from fecal samples is increasingly being implemented in routine diagnostic laboratories. These methods aim to detect clinically relevant amounts of microbes and not stx-carrying phages or low backgrounds of STEC. We present a diagnostic procedure and results from 1 year of stx-targeted real-time PCR of fecal samples from patients with gastrointestinal symptoms in Norway. A rapid stx2 subtyping strategy is described, which aims to quickly reveal the virulence potential of the microbe. stx was detected in 22 of 3320 samples, corresponding to a PCR positive rate of 0.66%. STEC were cultured from 72% of the PCR positive samples. Four stx1 isolates, eight stx2 isolates, and four isolates with both stx1 and stx2 were identified. With the method presented, stx-carrying phages are not commonly detected. Our results support the use of molecular testing combined with classical culture techniques for routine diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hege S Tunsjø
- Unit of Gene Technology, Department of Multidisciplinary Laboratory Medicine and Medical Biochemistry, Division of Diagnostics and Technology, Akershus University Hospital, Nordbyhagen, Norway
| | - Anne K Kvissel
- Unit of Gene Technology, Department of Multidisciplinary Laboratory Medicine and Medical Biochemistry, Division of Diagnostics and Technology, Akershus University Hospital, Nordbyhagen, Norway
| | - Benoit Follin-Arbelet
- Unit of Gene Technology, Department of Multidisciplinary Laboratory Medicine and Medical Biochemistry, Division of Diagnostics and Technology, Akershus University Hospital, Nordbyhagen, Norway
| | - Beth-Marie Brotnov
- Unit of Gene Technology, Department of Multidisciplinary Laboratory Medicine and Medical Biochemistry, Division of Diagnostics and Technology, Akershus University Hospital, Nordbyhagen, Norway
| | - Trond E Ranheim
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Division of Diagnostics and Technology, Akershus University Hospital, Nordbyhagen, Norway
| | - Truls M Leegaard
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Division of Diagnostics and Technology, Akershus University Hospital, Nordbyhagen, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Inglis T, Merritt A, Bzdyl N, Lansley S, Urosevic M. First bacteraemic human infection with Escherichia albertii. New Microbes New Infect 2015; 8:171-3. [PMID: 27257499 PMCID: PMC4877401 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The facultative anaerobic Gram-negative species Escherichia albertii has been isolated from human faeces in gastrointestinal infection and from a range of wild bird species. Here we report the first case of a febrile infection associated with E. albertii bacteraemia in a 76-year-old woman with gastric dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.J.J. Inglis
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Corresponding author: T.J.J. Inglis, Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QE2 Medical Campus, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - A.J. Merritt
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - N. Bzdyl
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - S. Lansley
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - M.N. Urosevic
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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50
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Prevalence of eae-positive, lactose non-fermenting Escherichia albertii from retail raw meat in China. Epidemiol Infect 2015; 144:45-52. [PMID: 26004066 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268815001120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is a newly emerging enteric pathogen that has been associated with gastroenteritis in humans. Recently, E. albertii has also been detected in healthy and sick birds, animals, chicken meat and water. In the present study, the prevalence and characteristics of the eae-positive, lactose non-fermenting E. albertii strains in retail raw meat in China were evaluated. Thirty isolates of such strains of E. albertii were identified from 446 (6·73%) samples, including duck intestines (21·43%, 6/28), duck meat (9·52%, 2/21), chicken intestines (8·99%, 17/189), chicken meat (5·66%, 3/53), mutton meat (4·55%, 1/22) and pork meat (2·44%, 1/41). None was isolated from 92 samples of raw beef meat. Strains were identified as E. albertii by phenotypic properties, diagnostic PCR, sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, and housekeeping genes. Five intimin subtypes were harboured by these strains. All strains possessed the II/III/V subtype group of the cdtB gene, with two strains carrying another copy of the I/IV subtype group. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed high genetic diversity of E. albertii in raw meats. Our findings indicate that E. albertii can contaminate various raw meats, posing a potential threat to public health.
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