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Balamayooran G, Atkins HM, Andrews RN, Michalson KT, Hutchison AR, LeGrande AC, Wilson QN, Gee MK, Aycock ST, Jorgensen MJ, Young RW, Kock ND, Caudell DL. Epizootic Yersinia enterocolitica in captive African green monkeys ( Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus). Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:922961. [PMID: 36504866 PMCID: PMC9727084 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.922961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica is a Gram-negative bacterium that typical results in enterocolitis in humans and poses significant worldwide risks to public health. An outbreak of yersiniosis in the Vervet/African green monkey colony at the WFSM during the winter of 2015-2016 accounted for widespread systemic infection with high morbidity and mortality. Most of the cases had extensive necrosis with suppuration and large colonies of bacilli in the large bowel and associated lymph nodes; however, the small intestine, stomach, and other organs were also regularly affected. Positive cultures of Yersinia enterocolitica were recovered from affected tissues in 20 of the 23 cases. Carrier animals in the colony were suspected as the source of the infection because many clinically normal animals were culture-positive during and after the outbreak. In this study, we describe the gross and histology findings and immune cell profiles in different organs of affected animals. We found increased numbers of myeloid-derived phagocytes and CD11C-positive antigen-presenting cells and fewer adaptive T and B lymphocytes, suggesting an immunocompromised state in these animals. The pathogen-mediated microenvironment may have contributed to the immunosuppression and rapid spread of the infection in the vervets. Further studies in vervets could provide a better understanding of Yersinia-mediated pathogenesis and immunosuppression, which could be fundamental to understanding chronic and systemic inflammatory diseases in humans.
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BUI TH, NGUYEN KT, IKEUCHI S, YANAGAWA H, SATO Y, TRAN THT, OKUMURA M, NIWA T, TANIGUCHI T, HAYASHIDANI H. A long-term observation for ecology of pathogenic Yersinia in wild rodents living in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1790-1794. [PMID: 34645726 PMCID: PMC8636877 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
From 2012 to 2021, prevalence of pathogenic Yersinia in wild rodents captured in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan was investigated twice a year to clarify the ecology of this pathogen in wild rodent populations. Pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica O8 was isolated from 13 (1.7%) of 755 wild rodents. The Y. enterocolitica O8 isolates harbored three virulent genes (ail, fyuA, and virF). This pathogen was isolated repeatedly from wild rodents in April 2015, 2016, and 2017, in June and November 2020, and in April 2021, which was 6 of 19 times of observations. All Y. enterocolitica O8 isolates showed the same PFGE patterns. These results indicated that the same clone of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica O8 has been maintained in wild rodent populations in Fukushima Prefecture. Therefore, wild rodent populations contribute substantially to the continuous transmission of Y. enterocolitica O8 and its persistence in the ecosystem. This is the first report on the isolation of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica O8 in wild rodents in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Hien BUI
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Khanh Thuan NGUYEN
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Campus II, 3/2 Street, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Shunsuke IKEUCHI
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Haruka YANAGAWA
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yomogi SATO
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Thi Hong To TRAN
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Minato OKUMURA
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takeshi NIWA
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takahide TANIGUCHI
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hideki HAYASHIDANI
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Imnadze T, Malania L, Chakvetadze N, Burjanadze I, Abazashvili N, Zhgenti E, Sidamonidze K, Khmaladze E, Martashvili V, Tsertsvadze N, Imnadze P, Kandaurov A, Arner RJ, Motin V, Kosoy M. Evidence of Extensive Circulation of Yersinia enterocolitica in Rodents and Shrews in Natural Habitats from Retrospective and Perspective Studies in South Caucasus. Pathogens 2021; 10:939. [PMID: 34451404 PMCID: PMC8400892 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10080939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica culture-positive rodents and shrews were reported in different territories across Georgia during 14 of 17 years of investigations conducted for the period of 1981-1997. In total, Y. enterocolitica was isolated from 2052 rodents (15 species) and 33 shrews. Most isolates were obtained from Microtus arvalis, Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, and Apodemus spp. During the prospective study (2017-2019), isolates of Yersinia-like bacteria were cultured from 53 rodents collected in four parts of Georgia. All the Yersinia-like isolates were confirmed as Y. enterocolitica based on the API 20E and the BD Phenix50 tests. Whole-genome (WG) sequencing of five rodents and one shrew strain of Y. enterocolitica revealed that they possessed a set of virulence genes characteristic of the potentially pathogenic strains of biogroup 1A. All isolates lacked distinguished virulence determinants for YstA, Ail, TccC, VirF, and virulence plasmid pYV but carried the genes for YstB, YmoA, HemPR-HmuVSTU, YaxAB, PhlA, PldA, ArsCBR, and a flagellar apparatus. One strain contained a gene highly homologous to heat-labile enterotoxin, a chain of E. coli, a function not previously described for Y. enterocolitica. The WG single-nucleotide polymorphism-based typing placed the isolates in four distinct phylogenetic clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tata Imnadze
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (L.M.); (N.C.); (I.B.); (N.A.); (E.Z.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (N.T.); (P.I.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Epidemiology Department, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Lile Malania
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (L.M.); (N.C.); (I.B.); (N.A.); (E.Z.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (N.T.); (P.I.)
| | - Neli Chakvetadze
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (L.M.); (N.C.); (I.B.); (N.A.); (E.Z.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (N.T.); (P.I.)
| | - Irma Burjanadze
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (L.M.); (N.C.); (I.B.); (N.A.); (E.Z.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (N.T.); (P.I.)
| | - Natalia Abazashvili
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (L.M.); (N.C.); (I.B.); (N.A.); (E.Z.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (N.T.); (P.I.)
| | - Ekaterine Zhgenti
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (L.M.); (N.C.); (I.B.); (N.A.); (E.Z.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (N.T.); (P.I.)
| | - Ketevan Sidamonidze
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (L.M.); (N.C.); (I.B.); (N.A.); (E.Z.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (N.T.); (P.I.)
| | - Ekaterine Khmaladze
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (L.M.); (N.C.); (I.B.); (N.A.); (E.Z.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (N.T.); (P.I.)
| | - Vakhtang Martashvili
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (L.M.); (N.C.); (I.B.); (N.A.); (E.Z.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (N.T.); (P.I.)
| | - Nikoloz Tsertsvadze
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (L.M.); (N.C.); (I.B.); (N.A.); (E.Z.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (N.T.); (P.I.)
| | - Paata Imnadze
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (L.M.); (N.C.); (I.B.); (N.A.); (E.Z.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (N.T.); (P.I.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Epidemiology Department, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Andrei Kandaurov
- Institute of Zoology, Ilia State University, 0177 Tbilisi, Georgia;
| | - Ryan J. Arner
- Ryan Arner Science Consulting LLC, Freeport, PA 16229, USA;
| | - Vladimir Motin
- Department of Pathology, University Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
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Jahan NA, Lindsey LL, Larsen PA. The Role of Peridomestic Rodents as Reservoirs for Zoonotic Foodborne Pathogens. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2021; 21:133-148. [PMID: 33351736 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2020.2640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although rodents are well-known reservoirs and vectors for a number of zoonoses, the functional role that peridomestic rodents serve in the amplification and transmission of foodborne pathogens is likely underappreciated. Clear links have been identified between commensal rodents and outbreaks of foodborne pathogens throughout Europe and Asia; however, comparatively little research has been devoted to studying this relationship in the United States. In particular, regional studies focused on specific rodent species and their foodborne pathogen reservoir status across the diverse agricultural landscapes of the United States are lacking. We posit that both native and invasive species of rodents associated with food-production pipelines are likely sources of seasonal outbreaks of foodborne pathogens throughout the United States. In this study, we review the evidence that identifies peridomestic rodents as reservoirs for foodborne pathogens, and we call for novel research focused on the metagenomic communities residing at the rodent-agriculture interface. Such data will likely result in the identification of new reservoirs for foodborne pathogens and species-specific demographic traits that might underlie seasonal enteric disease outbreaks. Moreover, we anticipate that a One Health metagenomic research approach will result in the discovery of new strains of zoonotic pathogens circulating in peridomestic rodents. Data resulting from such research efforts would directly inform and improve upon biosecurity efforts, ultimately serving to protect our food supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat A Jahan
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Laramie L Lindsey
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter A Larsen
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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Kim J, Coble DJ, Salyards GW, Habing GG. Comparative Review of Antimicrobial Resistance in Humans and Nonhuman Primates. Comp Med 2018; 68:124-130. [PMID: 29663937 PMCID: PMC5897968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) presents serious threats to human and animal health. Although AMR of pathogens is often evaluated independently between humans and animals, comparative analysis of AMR between humans and animals is necessary for zoonotic pathogens. Major surveillance systems monitor AMR of zoonotic pathogens in humans and food animals, but comprehensive AMR data in veterinary medicine is not diligently monitored for most animal species with which humans commonly contact, including NHP. The objective of this review is to provide a complete report of the prevalences of AMR among zoonotic bacteria that present the greatest threats to NHP, occupational, and public health. High prevalences of AMR exist among Shigella, Campylobacter, and Yersinia, including resistance to antimicrobials important to public health, such as macrolides. Despite improvements in regulations, standards, policies, practices, and zoonotic awareness, occupational exposures to and illnesses due to zoonotic pathogens continue to be reported and, given the documented prevalences of AMR, constitute an occupational and public health risk. However, published literature is sparse, thus indicating the need for veterinarians to proactively monitor AMR in dangerous zoonotic bacteria, to enable veterinarians to make more informed decisions to maximize antimicrobial therapy and minimize occupational risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Kim
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Dondrae J Coble
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Laboratory Animal Resources, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Gregory W Salyards
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Gregory G Habing
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,
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Joutsen S, Laukkanen-Ninios R, Henttonen H, Niemimaa J, Voutilainen L, Kallio ER, Helle H, Korkeala H, Fredriksson-Ahomaa M. Yersiniaspp. in Wild Rodents and Shrews in Finland. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2017; 17:303-311. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2016.2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Suvi Joutsen
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Laukkanen-Ninios
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Liina Voutilainen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Vantaa, Finland
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eva R. Kallio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Heikki Helle
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Hannu Korkeala
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Fredriksson-Ahomaa
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Konishi N, Ishitsuka R, Yokoyama K, Saiki D, Akase S, Monma C, Hirai A, Sadamasu K, Kai A. [Two Outbreaks of Yersinia enterocolitica O:8 Infections in Tokyo and the Characterization of Isolates]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 90:66-72. [PMID: 27032176 DOI: 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi.90.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Although the number of outbreaks caused by Yersinia enterocolitica has been very small in Japan, 4 outbreaks were occurred during the 2 years between 2012 and 2013. We describe herein 2 outbreaks which were examined in Tokyo in the present study. Outbreak 1: A total of 39 people (37 high school students and 2 staff) stayed at a hotel in mountain area in Japan had experienced abdominal pain, diarrhea and fever in August, 2012. The Y. enterocolitica serogroup O:8 was isolated from 18 (64.3%) out of 28 fecal specimens of 28 patients. The infection roots could not be revealed because Y. enterocolitica was not detected from any meals at the hotel or its environment. Outbreak 2: A total of 52 students at a dormitory had diarrhea and fever in April, 2013. The results of the bacteriological and virological examinations of fecal specimens of patients showed that the Y. enterocolitica serogroup O:8 was isolated from 24 fecal specimens of 21 patients and 3 kitchen staff. We performed bacteriological and virological examination of the stored and preserved foods at the kitchen of the dormitory to reveal the suspect food. For the detection of Y. enterocolitica, food samples. together with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were incubated at 4 degrees C for 21 days. Then, a screening test for Y. enterocolitica using realtime-PCR targeting the ail gene was performed against the PBS culture. One sample (fresh vegetable salad) tested was positive on realtime-PCR. No Y. enterocolitica was isolated on CIN agar from the PBS culture because many bacteria colonies other than Y. enterocolitica appeared on the CIN agar. After the alkaline-treatments of the culture broth or the immunomagnetic beads concentration method using anti-Y. enterocolitica O:8 antibodies, Y. enterocolitica O:8 which was the same serogroup as the patients' isolates was successfully isolated from the PBS culture. The fresh vegetable salad was confirmed as the incrimination food of this outbreak.
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Soto E, Loftis A, Boruta D, Rostad S, Beierschmitt A, McCoy M, Francis S, Berezowski J, Illanes O, Recinos D, Arauz M, Spencer D, Fraites T, Palmour R. Multispecies Epidemiologic Surveillance Study after an Outbreak of Yersiniosis at an African Green Monkey Research Facility. Comp Med 2015; 65:526-531. [PMID: 26678370 PMCID: PMC4681247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
After an outbreak of Yersinia enterocolitica at a NHP research facility, we performed a multispecies investigation of the prevalence of Yersinia spp. in various mammals that resided or foraged on the grounds of the facility, to better understand the epizootiology of yersiniosis. Blood samples and fecal and rectal swabs were obtained from 105 captive African green monkeys (AGM), 12 feral cats, 2 dogs, 20 mice, 12 rats, and 3 mongooses. Total DNA extracted from swab suspensions served as template for the detection of Y. enterocolitica DNA by real-time PCR. Neither Y. enterocolitica organisms nor their DNA were detected from any of these samples. However, Western blotting revealed the presence of Yersinia antibodies in plasma. The AGM samples revealed a seroprevalence of 91% for Yersinia spp. and of 61% for Y. enterocolitica specifically. The AGM that were housed in cages where at least one fatality occurred during the outbreak (clinical group) had similar seroprevalence to that of AGM housed in unaffected cages (nonclinical group). However, the nonclinical group was older than the clinical group. In addition, 25%, 100%, 33%, 10%, and 10% of the sampled local cats, dogs, mongooses, rats, and mice, respectively, were seropositive. The high seroprevalence after this outbreak suggests that Y. enterocolitica was transmitted effectively through the captive AGM population and that age was an important risk factor for disease. Knowledge regarding local environmental sources of Y. enterocolitica and the possible role of wildlife in the maintenance of yersiniosis is necessary to prevent and manage this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Soto
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA; School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre, St Kitts, West Indies.
| | - Amanda Loftis
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre, St Kitts, West Indies
| | - Daniel Boruta
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre, St Kitts, West Indies
| | - Sara Rostad
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre, St Kitts, West Indies
| | - Amy Beierschmitt
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre, St Kitts, West Indies; Behavioural Science Foundation, Estridge Estate, St Kitts, West Indies
| | - Matthew McCoy
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre, St Kitts, West Indies
| | - Stewart Francis
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre, St Kitts, West Indies
| | - John Berezowski
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre, St Kitts, West Indies; Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Fakultät, University of Bern, Liebefeld, Switzerland
| | - Oscar Illanes
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre, St Kitts, West Indies
| | - Diego Recinos
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre, St Kitts, West Indies
| | - Maziel Arauz
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre, St Kitts, West Indies
| | - Dustine Spencer
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre, St Kitts, West Indies
| | - Trellor Fraites
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre, St Kitts, West Indies
| | - Roberta Palmour
- Behavioural Science Foundation, Estridge Estate, St Kitts, West Indies; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Kosoy M, Khlyap L, Cosson JF, Morand S. Aboriginal and invasive rats of genus Rattus as hosts of infectious agents. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2015; 15:3-12. [PMID: 25629775 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2014.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
From the perspective of ecology of zoonotic pathogens, the role of the Old World rats of the genus Rattus is exceptional. The review analyzes specific characteristics of rats that contribute to their important role in hosting pathogens, such as host-pathogen relations and rates of rat-borne infections, taxonomy, ecology, and essential factors. Specifically the review addresses recent taxonomic revisions within the genus Rattus that resulted from applications of new genetic tools in understanding relationships between the Old World rats and the infectious agents that they carry. Among the numerous species within the genus Rattus, only three species-the Norway rat (R. norvegicus), the black or roof rat (R. rattus), and the Asian black rat (R. tanezumi)-have colonized urban ecosystems globally for a historically long period of time. The fourth invasive species, R. exulans, is limited to tropical Asia-Pacific areas. One of the points highlighted in this review is the necessity to discriminate the roles played by rats as pathogen reservoirs within the land of their original diversification and in regions where only one or few rat species were introduced during the recent human history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kosoy
- 1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Fort Collins, Colorado
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10
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Isolation of PathogenicYersinia enterocolitica1B/O:8 fromApodemusMice in Japan. J Wildl Dis 2015; 51:260-4. [DOI: 10.7589/2014-02-053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Laukkanen-Ninios R, Fredriksson-Ahomaa M, Korkeala H. EnteropathogenicYersiniain the Pork Production Chain: Challenges for Control. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Laukkanen-Ninios
- Dept. of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Univ. of Helsinki; P.O. Box 66, 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Maria Fredriksson-Ahomaa
- Dept. of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Univ. of Helsinki; P.O. Box 66, 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Hannu Korkeala
- Dept. of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Univ. of Helsinki; P.O. Box 66, 00014 Helsinki Finland
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12
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Iwata T, Une Y, Okatani AT, Kaneko SI, Namai S, Yoshida SI, Horisaka T, Horikita T, Nakadai A, Hayashidani H. Yersinia enterocoliticaSerovar O:8 Infection in Breeding Monkeys in Japan. Microbiol Immunol 2013; 49:1-7. [PMID: 15665447 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2005.tb03630.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the period from December 2002 to January 2003, 5 of 50 squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) housed at a Zoological Garden in the Kanto region of Japan died following a few days' history of diarrhea. After this outbreak had ended in the squirrel monkeys, 1 of 2 dark-handed gibbons (Hylobates agilis) died in April of 2003, showing similar clinical signs. We examined the organs of 3 of the dead squirrel monkeys and of the dark-handed gibbon, and Yersinia enterocolitica serovar O:8, which is the most pathogenic serovar of Y. enterocolitica, was isolated. In order to determine the source and the transmission route of infection, 98 fecal samples (45 from squirrel monkeys, 20 from other monkeys of 18 different species, and 33 from black rats captured around the monkey houses) and 7 water samples were collected in the Zoological Garden, and were examined for the prevalence of Y. enterocolitica serovar O:8. Serovar O:8 was isolated from 21 of 65 monkeys (32.3%) and 5 of 33 (15.2%) black rats (Rattus rattus). Furthermore, we examined the 30 isolates using molecular typing methods, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), ribotyping using the RiboPrinter system, and restriction endonuclease analysis of virulence plasmid DNA (REAP), and compared the isolates in this outbreak with Japanese O:8 isolates previously identified. Genotyping showed that almost all the isolates were identical, and the genotype of the isolates was highly similar to that from wild rodents captured in Niigata Prefecture. This is the first report of fatal cases of Y. enterocolitica serovar O:8 infection in monkeys anywhere in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taketoshi Iwata
- Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Symbiotic Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
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Soto E, Griffin M, Verma A, Castillo-Alcala F, Beierschmitt A, Beeler-Marfisi J, Arauz M, Illanes O. An outbreak of Yersinia enterocolitica in a captive colony of African green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) in the Caribbean. Comp Med 2013; 63:439-444. [PMID: 24210021 PMCID: PMC3796755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica is a zoonotic gram-negative pathogen that causes mesenteric lymphadenitis, terminal ileitis, acute gastroenteritis, and septicemia in domestic animals and primates. In 2012, 46 captive African green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) died during an outbreak of acutely fatal enteric disease over a period of 1 mo on the island of St Kitts. The affected monkeys presented with a history of mucohemorrhagic diarrhea, marked dehydration, and depression. Fifteen bacterial isolates were recovered from the spleen, liver, and lungs of affected monkeys. All isolates were identified as Y. enterocolitica by biochemical analysis and sequence comparison of the 16S rRNA gene. Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of the recovered isolates revealed homogeneity among the recovered bacteria, and all isolates gave a random amplified polymorphic DNA pattern resembling that given by genotype D under serotypes O:7,8. This outbreak represents the first isolation and characterization of Y. enterocolitica as the causative agent of fatal enteric disease in primates in the Caribbean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Soto
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, West Farm, St Kitts.
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14
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Occurrence of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in small wild rodents. Epidemiol Infect 2010; 139:1230-8. [PMID: 21073763 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268810002463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodents are a potential source of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis. In order to study this, 190 rodents were captured and sampled on seven pig farms (n=110), five chicken farms (n=55) and six other locations (n=25) in Sweden. Pigs from three of the pig farms were also sampled (n=60). Pathogenic Y. enterocolitica was detected by TaqMan PCR in about 5% of rodent samples and 18% of pig samples. Only rodents caught on pig farms tested positive for the pathogen. Y. enterocolitica bioserotype 4/O:3 strains isolated from the rodent and pig samples were compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and revealed a high degree of similarity, which was confirmed by random amplified polymorphic DNA. Y. pseudotuberculosis was only detected in one rodent sample. Thus, rodents may be vectors for the transmission of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica to pigs, acting as carriers rather than a reservoir, and should therefore remain an important issue in hygiene control measures on farms.
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15
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Pathological Changes in Captive Monkeys with Spontaneous Yersiniosis due to Infection by Yersinia enterocolitica serovar O8. J Comp Pathol 2010; 143:150-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2010.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Koujitani E, Horisaka T, Nomura Y, Hara-Kudo Y, Okatani AT, Iwata T, Kumagai S, Hayashidani H. Immuno-Magnetic Separation and Agar Layer Methods for the Isolation of Freeze-Injured Yersinia enterocolitica O:8 from Water. J Vet Med Sci 2006; 68:195-9. [PMID: 16598160 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.68.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop an effective method to isolate an injured pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica O:8 organism from environmental samples, we compared the isolation of freeze-injured and non-injured Y. enterocolitica O:8 and found that the isolation was more successful when immuno-magnetic separation (IMS) with anti-Y. enterocolitica O:8 antibody was used. Plating onto cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin (CIN) agar and Virulent Yersinia enterocolitica (VYE) agar by means of the agar layer method was found to be effective in isolating the injured cells. The alkali treatment which is generally used for selective detection of Yersinia organism failed to isolate freeze-injured pathogenic Y. enterocolitica O:8 cells. Recovery methods without using the alkali treatment were superior for detecting freeze-injured Y. enterocolitica O:8. Our results demonstrate that the IMS and the agar layer methods should be used to isolate injured pathogenic Yersinia organisms from environmental samples such as water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiko Koujitani
- Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Symbiotic Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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17
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Gürtler M, Alter T, Kasimir S, Linnebur M, Fehlhaber K. Prevalence of Yersinia enterocolitica in fattening pigs. J Food Prot 2005; 68:850-4. [PMID: 15830683 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-68.4.850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica in pig herds was monitored during six trials (at four different farrow-to-finisher farms). Samples were taken throughout the whole rearing period from birth of the piglets to the final fattening stage, and different samples were taken from these pigs during the slaughter process. Environmental samples also were evaluated to identify potential sources of on-farm infection. Y. enterocolitica was isolated using irgasan-ticarcillin-potassium chlorate broth enrichment and cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin agar culture. Colonies were identified using bio- and serotyping methods and by PCR assay. Pathogenic Y. enterocolitica were not isolated from fecal samples from piglets and weaners. The only fecal samples positive for Y. enterocolitica were obtained during the fattening stage. The prevalence of Y. enterocolitica in fattening pig herds ranged between 0 and 65.4%. Y. enterocolitica isolates were detected at the abattoir in 38.4% of the tonsils, in 3.8% of the ileocecal lymph nodes, on 0.3% of the carcass surfaces before chilling, and on 0% of the carcass surfaces after chilling. Almost all isolates belonged to bioserotype 4/O:3. Only one strain was identified as O:9. All isolates contained the ail gene. The yopT gene was found in 99.1% of the farm isolates but in only 76.6% of the isolates found at the abattoir from the corresponding carcasses. Although a direct link between porcine isolates and human infection has not been demonstrated, the similarity of the bioserotypes in infected pigs and humans and the presence of virulence factors in porcine isolates should encourage further studies to determine the risk of transmission of Y. enterocolitica to humans from pigs and pork products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gürtler
- Institute of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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18
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Hayashidani H, Ishiyama Y, Okatani TA, Yoshida SI, Ishikawa M, Kato Y, Ohtomo Y, Saito M, Horisaka T, Kaneko KI, Ogawa M. Molecular genetic typing of Yersinia enterocolitica serovar O:8 isolated in Japan. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2003; 529:363-5. [PMID: 12756790 DOI: 10.1007/0-306-48416-1_72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Hayashidani
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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19
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Nikolova S, Tzvetkov Y, Najdenski H, Vesselinova A. Isolation of pathogenic yersiniae from wild animals in Bulgaria. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE. B, INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH 2001; 48:203-9. [PMID: 11393816 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0450.2001.00448.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic Yersinia strains were isolated between December 1998 and April 1999 from 37 wild animals: rabbit (Lepus europeus), boar (Sus scrofa scrofa), asiatic jackal (Canis aureus), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), mouflon (Ovis musimon), european river otter (Lutra lutra), beech marten (Martes foina), polecat (Musleta putorius) and wild cat (Felis silvestris). It was established that among the wild animals Y. enterocolitica strains of serotype 0:3 predominated, accompanied by Y. pseudotuberculosis strains of serotype 0:3. In one sample from asiatic jackal and one sample from rabbit, Y. enterocolitica serotype 0:8 was isolated. Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis strains were isolated from tonsils and tongues as well as from the viscera--lung, liver, heart, spleen, kidney and lymph nodes, mainly in young animals (1-2 years of age). The results showed that wild animals are a possible natural reservoir for pathogenic Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis and are included in the epidemiological chain of yersinioses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nikolova
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Sofia, Bulgaria
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20
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Pilon J, Higgins R, Quessy S. Epidemiological study of Yersinia enterocolitica in swine herds in Québec. THE CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL = LA REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE 2000; 41:383-7. [PMID: 10816831 PMCID: PMC1476258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were the identification of the different contamination sources of Yersinia enterocolitica, as well as the determination of the prevalence and the distribution of the different genotypes in swine herds. The owners of 20 farms, located in the Richelieu-Yamaska region, agreed to participate in the study. Each farm was visited a minimum of 5 times between May and October 1997, and, at each visit, 20 environmental and 10 fecal samples were collected. Yersinia enterocolitica isolates were identified, serotyped, and submitted to a genetic characterization by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The correlation coefficient (0.61) between prevalence in environment and in feces was significant (P = 0.004). Among the 153 positive samples, 93.5% belonged to serotype 0:3. The comparison of PFGE profiles revealed that all environmental Y. enterocolitica isolates had a profile identical to that of isolates recovered in feces from the corresponding farms. Also, when the genetic profiles of isolates recovered from feces collected at the first visit were compared with the profiles of isolates obtained from the subsequent visits, the same profile was observed on every farm. We concluded that environment does not represent the main source of contamination of swine by Y. enterocolitica and that, in most instances, the same strain persists in a barn from one production lot to another.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pilon
- Département de pathologie et microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
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21
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Leal TCA, Leal NC, Almeida AMPD. RAPD-PCR typing of Yersinia enterocolitica (Enterobacteriaceae) O:3 serotype strains isolated from pigs and humans. Genet Mol Biol 1999. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47571999000300005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sixteen strains of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:3, isolated from apparently healthy pigs collected in Rio de Janeiro, and four human strains of serotypes O:4, O:5, O:6 and O:13 were analyzed by RAPD-PCR. The strains were grouped into five genotypic profiles according to the amplification patterns obtained with three random primers. Fifteen of the 16 pig strains had identical amplification patterns, which was named genotypic profile 1. The one different profile was named genotypic profile 2. Genotypic profile 1 was also exhibited by the O:6 human serotype strain. The O:4 and O:13 human serotype strains showed similar amplification profiles with two primers. However, the third primer induced a distinct profile in each strain. Therefore, these two strains were placed into genotypic profile 3 and 4, respectively. Each primer produced a completely different amplification profile in the O:5 human serotype strain; therefore, it was named genotypic profile 5. The presence or absence of plasmids in the strains studied did not affect the amplification results. These results show that genetic variations can exist within a serotype, and strains of different serotypes can exhibit the same amplification profile when compared using other primers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nilma C. Leal
- Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães; Fundação Osvaldo Cruz
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22
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Hosaka S, Uchiyama M, Ishikawa M, Akahoshi T, Kondo H, Shimauchi C, Sasahara T, Inoue M. Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:8 septicemia in an otherwise healthy adult: analysis of chromosome DNA pattern by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35:3346-7. [PMID: 9399555 PMCID: PMC230183 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.35.12.3346-3347.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the first case of blood culture-positive Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:8 septicemia in Japan. Y. enterocolitica serotype O:8 infection is very rare, but chromosomal DNA analysis suggested that this bacterium may persist latently in healthy carriers throughout Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hosaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
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23
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Leal TC, Leal NC, de Almeida AM. [The absence of Yersinia enterocolitica in foods and animal reservoirs in areas of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 1997; 30:193-6. [PMID: 9273565 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86821997000300004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A search for the presence of enteropathogenic bacteria in fresh vegetables obtained in 5 restaurants from the city of Recife, revealed neither Yersinia enterocolitica nor other pathogenic bacteria in 96 samples analyzed. Furthermore, Y. enterocolitica was not found in the oral and rectal swabs taken from 15 apparently healthy pigs at an abattoir in the municipality of Bonito in the Pernambuco State. Another search in which twenty one rodents from four species and one marsupial specimen were examined did not detect the presence of Yersinia and other enteropathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Leal
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, MS, Recife
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Hayashidani H, Kaneko K, Sakurai K, Ogawa M. Experimental infection with Yersinia enterocolitica serovar 0:8 in beagle dogs. Vet Microbiol 1995; 47:71-7. [PMID: 8604556 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1135(95)00052-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Dogs were challenged orally with Yersinia enterocolitica serovar 0:8 biovar 1 for assessment of the infectivity of 0:8 bacteria. The bacteria were shed in the feces for 7-21 days following oral challenge. They were also recovered from intestinal contents and small intestinal Peyer's patches, but not from deeper organs of dogs euthanized 3 and 7 days after oral challenge. Dogs challenged subsequently with 10(10) bacteria showed protection from establishment of the bacteria in the intestinal tract. High titers of serum O-agglutinins developed in the dogs challenged with the bacteria. No clinical or hematological abnormalities were observed. The possibility that dogs may be a source of infection of 0:8 bacteria to human is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hayashidani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan.
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Hayashidani H, Ohtomo Y, Toyokawa Y, Saito M, Kaneko K, Kosuge J, Kato M, Ogawa M, Kapperud G. Potential sources of sporadic human infection with Yersinia enterocolitica serovar O:8 in Aomori Prefecture, Japan. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33:1253-7. [PMID: 7615736 PMCID: PMC228140 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.33.5.1253-1257.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In November 1992 and June and August 1993 rectal contents from 204 small mammals living in the wild were collected and examined for the presence of Yersinia enterocolitica serovar O:8 to clarify the source of human infections caused by this microbe in the Tsugaru Region of Aomori Prefecture, Japan. Serovar O:8 was isolated from 10 (5.2%) of 193 wild rodents trapped in June 1993 (9 of 107) and August 1993 (1 of 23) but not from animals trapped in November 1992 (0 of 63). This serovar was not isolated from 11 moles. From May to September 1993, 12 human patients were found to have become ill and to be infected with Y. enterocolitica O:8. The patients lived in the same districts where the wild rodents harboring serovar O:8 were trapped. Two different patterns by restriction enzyme analysis of the virulence plasmid were observed. One pattern obtained by restriction enzyme analysis of the virulence plasmid was observed in 20 isolates from 11 human patients and 9 wild rodents, and the other was observed in 2 isolates from 1 human patient and 1 wild rodent. These findings indicate that wild rodents seem to play an important role as a source of human Y. enterocolitica O:8 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hayashidani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan
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26
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Hayashidani H, Kitahara E, Ogawa M. Infectivity and pathogenicity of Yersinia enterocolitica serovar 0:8 to wild rodents in Japan. ZENTRALBLATT FUR VETERINARMEDIZIN. REIHE B. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE. SERIES B 1994; 41:504-11. [PMID: 7701863 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1994.tb00256.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Three species of wild rodents, Anderson's red-backed voles (Eothenomys andersoni), large Japanese field mice (Apodemus speciosus) and small Japanese field mice (Apodemus argenteus), mainly living in mountainous areas in Japan, were challenged orally with Yersinia enterocolitica serovar 0:8 to determine infectivity and pathogenicity of this micro-organism with respect to wild rodents. Y. enterocolitica 0:8 was shown to colonize the intestinal tract of these three types of wild rodents, and was occasionally fatal. The faecal excretion period of these mice was 10-14 days in E. andersoni and A. speciosus, and 35-49 days in A. argenteus. Wild rodents recovering from the infection showed resistance to a second challenge with the same infectious agent. These results suggest that these three species of wild rodents living in mountainous areas in Japan may play an important role in the ecology of Y. enterocolitica 0:8.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hayashidani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan
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