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Yang WX, Zou XH, Jiang SY, Lu NN, Han M, Zhao JH, Guo XJ, Zhao SC, Lu ZZ. Prevalence of serum neutralizing antibodies to adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) and 41 (Ad41) in children is associated with age and sanitary conditions. Vaccine 2017; 34:5579-5586. [PMID: 27682509 PMCID: PMC7115419 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Serum neutralizing antibodies to Ad5 and Ad41 in adults and children were titrated. Prevalence of NAb in children was associated with age and sanitary conditions. NAb titer distribution pattern was very different between Ad5 an Ad41. Ad41 vectored vaccine candidates might have a bright future.
Neutralizing antibody (NAb) can dampen the immunogenicity of adenovirus (Ad) vector-based vaccine. Vector systems based on human adenovirus type 41 (Ad41) have been constructed and used to develop recombinant vaccines. Here, we attempted to study the seroprevalence of NAbs to Ad5 and Ad41 among children and adults in Qinghai province, China. The positive rates (titer ⩾ 40) of Ad5 and Ad41 NAb in adults from Xining city were 75.7% and 94.7%, respectively. The moderate/high-positive rates (titer ⩾ 160) of NAb were quite close between the two viruses in adults (70.4% for Ad5 and 73.5% for Ad41). Age-dependent increase of NAb seroprevalence was observed for both viruses in children. NAb-positive rate of Ad41 reached 50% at 3.3–4.6 years of age for children from Chengxi district, Xining city, approximately 1.5 years earlier than that of Ad5 did. Interestingly, NAb level was also associated with sanitary conditions among young children. For Ad5, 8–15% children (0.2–3.0 years of age) from city or town, where the sanitations were relatively better, had moderate/high-positive NAb, while the same rate was 62% for children from villages. For Ad41, 22% children from city, 47% from town and 88% from villages possessed moderate/high-positive NAb. The possible influence of NAb titer distributions on the application of Ad41-vectored vaccines was discussed in detail. Our results suggested that children from places with poor sanitations should be included for comprehensive Ad NAb seroprevalence studies, and provided insights to the applications of Ad41 vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Xiong Yang
- Qinghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xining, Qinghai 810007, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Shuang-Ying Jiang
- Qinghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xining, Qinghai 810007, China
| | - Nan-Nan Lu
- Qinghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xining, Qinghai 810007, China
| | - Mei Han
- Qinghai Provincial Kangle Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810006, China
| | - Jian-Hai Zhao
- Qinghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xining, Qinghai 810007, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Sheng-Cang Zhao
- Qinghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xining, Qinghai 810007, China.
| | - Zhuo-Zhuang Lu
- Qinghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xining, Qinghai 810007, China; State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China.
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Banerjee A, De P, Manna B, Chawla-Sarkar M. Molecular characterization of enteric adenovirus genotypes 40 and 41 identified in children with acute gastroenteritis in Kolkata, India during 2013-2014. J Med Virol 2016; 89:606-614. [PMID: 27584661 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Human enteric adenovirus (HAdV) belonging to species F is one of the most common pathogens responsible for infantile gastroenteritis worldwide. This study was initiated to estimate prevalence and types of HAdV among children below 5 years of age seeking health care facility for treatment of diarrhea in Kolkata, Eastern India. A total of 1,562 stool specimens were tested during 2013-2014 and among them, 185 (11.8%) were positive for enteric HAdV. Maximum number of positive cases were observed among children between 6 and 12 months of age (13.9%). HAdV infection occurred at a low frequency throughout the year, with an increased incidence in the month of March-July in both the years. Among HAdV positive samples (n = 185), 44.8% showed coinfection with rotavirus. Genotyping based on hypervariable region of hexon and partial shaft region of fiber genes, revealed prevalence of HAdV-40 over HAdV-41 genotype during this study period. Nucleotide sequence analysis of HAdV-40 strains exhibited more than 99% similarity among themselves and 98.5% with the prototype strain Dugan. Sequence analysis of six hypervariable regions (HVRs) of hexon genes from all the HAdV-41 strains revealed co-circulation of both genome type cluster 1(GTC1) and GTC2. The presence of both types of GTCs reflects accumulation of amino acid (aa) mutations in HVR of hexon gene. A recombination event was evident in a subset of HAdV-41 strains where hexon gene belonged to GTC1 whereas, fiber gene clustered with GTC2. Sequence analysis of fiber gene shaft region of HAdV-41 strains revealed 15 aa deletion from the 15th repeat motif. J. Med. Virol. 89:606-614, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Banerjee
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Papiya De
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Byomkesh Manna
- Division of Data Management and Biostatistics, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Mamta Chawla-Sarkar
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
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Development of Novel Adenoviral Vectors to Overcome Challenges Observed With HAdV-5-based Constructs. Mol Ther 2015; 24:6-16. [PMID: 26478249 PMCID: PMC4754553 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant vectors based on human adenovirus serotype 5 (HAdV-5) have been extensively studied in preclinical models and clinical trials over the past two decades. However, the thorough understanding of the HAdV-5 interaction with human subjects has uncovered major concerns about its product applicability. High vector-associated toxicity and widespread preexisting immunity have been shown to significantly impede the effectiveness of HAdV-5–mediated gene transfer. It is therefore that the in-depth knowledge attained working on HAdV-5 is currently being used to develop alternative vectors. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of data obtained in recent years disqualifying the HAdV-5 vector for systemic gene delivery as well as novel strategies being pursued to overcome the limitations observed with particular emphasis on the ongoing vectorization efforts to obtain vectors based on alternative serotypes.
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Lenman A, Liaci AM, Liu Y, Årdahl C, Rajan A, Nilsson E, Bradford W, Kaeshammer L, Jones MS, Frängsmyr L, Feizi T, Stehle T, Arnberg N. Human adenovirus 52 uses sialic acid-containing glycoproteins and the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor for binding to target cells. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004657. [PMID: 25674795 PMCID: PMC4335501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Most adenoviruses attach to host cells by means of the protruding fiber protein that binds to host cells via the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) protein. Human adenovirus type 52 (HAdV-52) is one of only three gastroenteritis-causing HAdVs that are equipped with two different fiber proteins, one long and one short. Here we show, by means of virion-cell binding and infection experiments, that HAdV-52 can also attach to host cells via CAR, but most of the binding depends on sialylated glycoproteins. Glycan microarray, flow cytometry, surface plasmon resonance and ELISA analyses reveal that the terminal knob domain of the long fiber (52LFK) binds to CAR, and the knob domain of the short fiber (52SFK) binds to sialylated glycoproteins. X-ray crystallographic analysis of 52SFK in complex with 2-O-methylated sialic acid combined with functional studies of knob mutants revealed a new sialic acid binding site compared to other, known adenovirus:glycan interactions. Our findings shed light on adenovirus biology and may help to improve targeting of adenovirus-based vectors for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annasara Lenman
- Division of Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - A. Manuel Liaci
- University of Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yan Liu
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carin Årdahl
- Division of Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anandi Rajan
- Division of Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Emma Nilsson
- Division of Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Will Bradford
- University of Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lisa Kaeshammer
- University of Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Morris S. Jones
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Naval Medical Center, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Lars Frängsmyr
- Division of Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ten Feizi
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thilo Stehle
- University of Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Tübingen, Germany
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Niklas Arnberg
- Division of Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Circulation of a novel pattern of infections by enteric adenovirus serotype 41 among children below 5 years of age in Kolkata, India. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 49:500-5. [PMID: 21123530 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01834-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus of strains subgenus F (AdV F) are the most common strains detected in acute gastroenteritis cases in developing countries. Subgenus F is represented by AdV serotype 40 (AdV-40) and AdV-41. Most of the reports have described the predominance of AdV-41 in acute gastroenteritis cases. To gain insight into the epidemiology and genetic variation of AdV-41 strains, we analyzed 1,053 stool specimens from children with diarrhea. Among them, 42 (4.0%) and 56 (5.3%) were positive for enteric adenovirus 40/41 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and PCR, respectively. For 1,305 asymptomatic children, 9 (0.7%) and 22 (1.7%) samples were positive for enteric adenovirus 40/40 by ELISA and PCR, respectively. The age distribution revealed a higher frequency (90%) in children <24 months of age. AdV F infection was observed at a low frequency throughout the year, with an increased incidence occurring during February and March. Sequence analysis of one to three hypervariable regions (HVRs) of the hexon genes of 16 representative AdV-41 strains in this study confirmed circulation of a unique strain with genomic type cluster 1 (GTC1)/GTC2. However, sequence analysis of the fiber genes of these strains confirmed 15 amino acid deletions from the 15th repeat motif of the shaft region. The existence of two GTCs reflects the accumulation of amino acid mutations in the HVR of the hexon gene. The novel AdV-41 strain might follow the same infection pattern as AdV-40. There is no significant variation in the sequences of hexon and fiber genes among strains from symptomatic and asymptomatic children. Our data confirm the circulation of an AdV-41 strain with a novel pattern in Kolkata, India, among children below 5 years of age.
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Molecular epidemiology of adenovirus infection among infants and children with acute gastroenteritis in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2009; 9:518-22. [PMID: 19460318 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2009.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Revised: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A total of 917 fecal specimens collected from infants and children with acute gastroenteritis in Dhaka City, Bangladesh during 2004-2005 were examined for the presence of adenoviruses by PCR. Adenoviruses were identified in 17 of 917 (1.9%) specimens. Detected adenoviruses were subjected to molecular genetic analysis by sequencing method. Adenoviruses detected in this study were classified into three serotypes, namely Ad9, Ad10 and Ad40. Of these, Ad40 was predominant, followed by Ad9 and accounted for 42% (7 of 17) and 36% (6 of 17), respectively. This is the first report of acute gastroenteritis attributed to Ad9 and Ad10 in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Another interesting feature of the study was absence of Ad41 serotype. Our results clearly indicated that adenovirus infections were most commonly observed in winter season (October 2004 through January 2005) and in rainy season (May 2005 through July 2005) in Dhaka City. The most common clinical symptoms of adenovirus-infected patients were dehydration (94%), abdominal pain (59%) and vomiting (30%). To our knowledge, this is the first 1-year molecular epidemiological research of adenovirus infection in Bangladesh.
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Lemiale F, Haddada H, Nabel GJ, Brough DE, King CR, Gall JGD. Novel adenovirus vaccine vectors based on the enteric-tropic serotype 41. Vaccine 2006; 25:2074-84. [PMID: 17250935 PMCID: PMC2584667 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2006] [Revised: 11/06/2006] [Accepted: 11/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Replication-defective adenovirus vectors, primarily developed from serotype 5 (Ad5) viruses, have been widely used for gene transfer and vaccination approaches. Vectors based on other serotypes of adenovirus could be used in conjunction with, or in place of, Ad5 vectors. In this study, Ad41, an enteric adenovirus usually described as 'non-cultivable' or 'fastidious,' has been successfully cloned, rescued and propagated on 293-ORF6 cells. The complementation capabilities of this cell line allow generation of Ad41 vectors at titers comparable to those obtained for Ad5 vectors. Mice immunized with an Ad41 vector containing an HIV envelope (Env) gene mounted anti-Env cellular and humoral immune responses. Ad41-Env vectors appear to be particularly attractive when used in heterologous prime-boost regimens, where they induce significantly higher cellular immune responses to HIV-Env than Ad5-based regimens. Ad41-based constructs are attractive vaccine vectors alone or in combination with Ad5 adenovectors, since each vector type can provide circumvention of pre-existing immunity to the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Lemiale
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Hedi Haddada
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Gary J. Nabel
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | | | | | - Jason G. D. Gall
- GenVec, Inc. Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, 20878
- Corresponding author. 65 West Watkins Mill Road, Gaithersburg, MD, USA, 20878.
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Zlateva KT, Maes P, Rahman M, Van Ranst M. Chromatography paper strip sampling of enteric adenoviruses type 40 and 41 positive stool specimens. Virol J 2005; 2:6. [PMID: 15705203 PMCID: PMC549523 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2004] [Accepted: 02/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The enteric subgroup F adenoviruses type 40 (Ad40) and 41 (Ad41) are the second most important cause of acute infantile gastroenteritis after rotaviruses. Repeated community outbreaks have been associated with antigenic changes among the Ad40 and Ad41 strains due to host immune pressure. Therefore large field epidemiological surveys and studies on the genetic variations in different isolates of Ad40 and Ad41 are important for disease control programs, the design of efficient diagnostic kits and vaccines against subgroup F adenoviruses. A novel method using sodium dodecyl sulphate SDS/EDTA-pretreated chromatography paper strips was evaluated for the collection, storage and shipping of Ad40/41 contaminated stool samples. RESULTS This study shows that adenoviral DNA can be successfully detected in the filter strips by PCR after four months storage at -20 degrees C, 4 degrees C, room temperature (20-25 degrees C) and 37 degrees C. Furthermore no adenoviral infectivity was observed upon contact with the SDS/EDTA-pretreated strips. CONCLUSIONS Collecting, storing and transporting adenovirus type 40 and 41 positive stool samples on SDS/EDTA-pretreated chromatography filter strips is a convenient, biosafe and cost effective method for studying new genome variants and monitoring spread of enteric adenovirus strains during outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina T Zlateva
- Laboratory of Clinical & Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Maes
- Laboratory of Clinical & Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mustafizur Rahman
- Laboratory of Clinical & Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Virology, ICDDR, B: Center for Health and Population Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Marc Van Ranst
- Laboratory of Clinical & Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Li L, Shimizu H, Doan LTP, Tung PG, Okitsu S, Nishio O, Suzuki E, Seo JK, Kim KS, Müller WEG, Ushijima H. Characterizations of adenovirus type 41 isolates from children with acute gastroenteritis in Japan, Vietnam, and Korea. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:4032-9. [PMID: 15364986 PMCID: PMC516313 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.42.9.4032-4039.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic and antigenic characterizations of 70 strains of adenovirus type 41 (Ad41), isolated between 1998 and 2001 from children in Japan, Vietnam, and Korea, were done by DNA restriction enzyme (RE) analysis, sequencing analysis, and monoclonal antibody (MAb)-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Eight genome types were observed in the present study, among which D25, D26, D27, and D28 were novel genome types. These eight genome types were divided into two genome-type clusters (GTCs) based on phylogenetic analysis of the hypervariable regions (HVRs) of the hexon. GTC1 includes D1, D25, D26, D27, and D28, and the GTC2 contains D4, D12, and D22. The amino acid homologies among the members within a GTC were 97 to 100%, whereas between the members of different GTCs the homologies were 92 to 94%. The specificity of the GTC classification was confirmed by ELISA with MAb 1F, which was selected by the Ad41 prototype Tak strain. It was found that only the isolates of GTC1 but not of GTC2 reacted with MAb 1F. These results suggest that Ad41 isolates from the three countries should be classified into two subtypes. The accumulation of amino acid mutations located in HVRs of hexon are indicative for the classification of Ad41 subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Institute of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Saderi H, Roustai MH, Sabahi F, Sadeghizadeh M, Owlia P, De Jong JC. Incidence of enteric adenovirus gastroenteritis in Iranian children. J Clin Virol 2002; 24:1-5. [PMID: 11744422 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-6532(01)00206-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enteric adenoviruses, i.e. adenovirus 40 (Ad40) and adenovirus 41 (Ad41), have been shown to be a substantial cause of pediatric gastroenteritis in various parts of the world, but no data are available for Iran. OBJECTIVE The present study was performed to determine the incidence of enteric adenoviruses in children presenting to the Children's Medical Center with gastroenteritis in Iran. STUDY DESIGN Stool specimens from 872 children less than 7 years of age attending the Children's Medical Center in Tehran, Iran, with gastroenteritis were tested for the presence of Ad40, Ad41, and adenovirus-genus by a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION 6.7% of stool specimens contained enteric adenoviruses (3.3% Ad40 and 3.4% Ad41) and 2.0% nonenteric adenoviruses. Mean ages of Ad40, Ad41 and NEAd-positive children were 21, 19 and 29 months, respectively. Among the adenovirus-positive patients, 53.9% were male and 46.1% female. Watery diarrhea was present in 86.4% of children infected by adenoviruses. In conclusion, for the first time, we demonstrated the presence of enteric and nonenteric adenoviruses in a considerable proportion of stool samples from Iranian children with gastroenteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Saderi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Keshavarz Blvd. Dehkade Ave. No. 29, Tehran, Iran.
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Saderi H, Roustai MH, Sabahi F. Antibodies to enteric adenoviruses (Ad40 and Ad41) in sera from Iranian children. J Clin Virol 2000; 16:145-7. [PMID: 10720819 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-6532(99)00071-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is strong epidemiologic and serologic evidence that infection with the enteric adenoviruses can result in severe gastroenteritis in children. OBJECTIVES This study was performed to determine the prevalence of enteric adenovirus infection in Iran. STUDY DESIGN One hundred and twenty-seven single sera from children up to 7 years of age, collected from healthy Iranian children in 1993-1994, were tested for antibodies to enteric adenoviruses by neutralization tests. RESULT AND CONCLUSION Antibodies to enteric adenoviruses have been detected in about one-half of sera. It is concluded that infection by these viruses is common among children in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Saderi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
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Unicomb LE, Jarecki-Khan K, Hall A, Podder G. Previous enteric adenovirus infection does not protect against subsequent symptomatic infection: longitudinal follow-up of eight infants. Microbiol Immunol 1996; 40:161-8. [PMID: 8867613 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1996.tb03320.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Eight infants followed longitudinally were found to have enteric adenovirus (EAdv) infections: in 5 infants with diarrhea and in 3 with no accompanying diarrhea. Sequential stool samples prior to EAdv infections were tested for adenovirus antigen, anti-adenoviral IgA and neutralizing antibodies to serotypes 40, 41 and 2 in order to ascertain whether protection from symptoms was due to prior infection. No difference was found in the number of adenoviral infections among infants prior to their EAdv infections with or without accompanying diarrhea. However, in 3 of the 5 infants in whom EAdv infection was accompanied by diarrhea and 2 of 3 control infants, previous EAdv infections had occurred as detected by serotype-specific antibody rises.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Unicomb
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mautner
- Medical Research Council Virology Unit, Institute of Virology, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
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Jarecki-Khan K, Tzipori SR, Unicomb LE. Enteric adenovirus infection among infants with diarrhea in rural Bangladesh. J Clin Microbiol 1993; 31:484-9. [PMID: 8458940 PMCID: PMC262806 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.31.3.484-489.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 4,409 stool specimens from infants less than 5 years of age seeking treatment for diarrhea in Matlab, Bangladesh, were tested for the presence of adenoviruses by using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA). EIA-positive stool samples were serotyped with monoclonal antibodies specific for adenovirus type 40 (Ad40) and Ad41 and group antigen, inoculated into Graham G293 cells, and retested by EIA. Of adenovirus-positive cultures, 125 (2.8%) specimens were confirmed as enteric adenoviruses (EAds), of which 51 (40.8%) were typed as Ad40 and 74 (59.2%) were typed as Ad41, and 12 of 4,409 (0.3%) were identified as nonenteric adenoviruses. A slight peak of incidence of EAd infection was observed in the cool, dry months, and an outbreak of Ad40 infections occurred in March 1988, when the detection rate of EAd reached 12.3%. Information on age, gender, and symptoms was available for 80 infants infected with adenovirus only. Age distribution was similar for types 40 and 41 and nonenteric adenovirus; the median ages were 11, 12, and 12 months, respectively. The ratio of males to females for the 80 infants varied according to serotype; Ad40 had the highest male/female ratio, 2.17. The symptoms experienced by the 80 children were similar for each adenovirus type. The most common clinical features of EAd infection were watery diarrhea (87.5%), more than eight loose bowel movements per day in the 24-h period prior to presentation (68.8%), with vomiting (80.0%), abdominal pain (76.3%), and low-grade fever (95.0%); these symptoms are significantly similar to symptoms of infants infected with group A rotavirus. EAd infection generally gave rise to mild to moderate dehydration, which is significantly similar to dehydration produced by infection with rotavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jarecki-Khan
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka
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