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Zhang Y, Khan MA, Yu Z, Yang W, Zhao H, Ye D, Chen X, Zhang J. The Identification of Oral Cariogenic Bacteria through Colorimetric Sensor Array Based on Single-Atom Nanozymes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403878. [PMID: 39058210 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Effective identification of multiple cariogenic bacteria in saliva samples is important for oral disease prevention and treatment. Here, a simple colorimetric sensor array is developed for the identification of cariogenic bacteria using single-atom nanozymes (SANs) assisted by machine learning. Interestingly, cariogenic bacteria can increase oxidase-like activity of iron (Fe)─nitrogen (N)─carbon (C) SANs by accelerating electron transfer, and inversely reduce the activity of Fe─N─C further reconstruction with urea. Through machine-learning-assisted sensor array, colorimetric responses are developed as "fingerprints" of cariogenic bacteria. Multiple cariogenic bacteria can be well distinguished by linear discriminant analysis and bacteria at different genera can also be distinguished by hierarchical cluster analysis. Furthermore, colorimetric sensor array has demonstrated excellent performance for the identification of mixed cariogenic bacteria in artificial saliva samples. In view of convenience, precise, and high-throughput discrimination, the developed colorimetric sensor array based on SANs assisted by machine learning, has great potential for the identification of oral cariogenic bacteria so as to serve for oral disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Organ Repair, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Arif Khan
- College of Sciences &Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Zhangli Yu
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Organ Repair, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Zhao
- College of Sciences &Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Daixin Ye
- College of Sciences &Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Organ Repair, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
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2
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Xue Y, Li Q, Wang Y, Shen H, Yu S. A magnetic nanozyme platform for bacterial colorimetric detection and chemodynamic/photothermal synergistic antibacterial therapy. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:214. [PMID: 38512502 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06270-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Rapid, convenient, and sensitive detection of bacteria and development of novel antibacterial materials are conducive to accurate treatment of bacterial infection and reducing the generation of drug-resistant bacteria caused by overuse of antibiotics. A dual-function magnetic nanozyme, Fc-MBL@rGO@Fe3O4, has been constructed with broad-spectrum bacterial affinity and good peroxidase-like activity. Detection signal amplification was realized in the presence of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) with a detection limit of 26 CFU/mL. In addition, the excellent photothermal properties of Fc-MBL@rGO@Fe3O4 could realize synergistic chemodynamic/photothermal antibacterial therapy. Furthermore, the good bacterial affinity of Fc-MBL@rGO@Fe3O4 enhances the accurate and rapid attack of hydroxyl radical (·OH) on the bacterial membrane and achieves efficient sterilization (100%) at low concentration (40 µg/mL) and mild temperature (47℃). Notably, Fc-MBL@rGO@Fe3O4 has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against Gram-negative, Gram-positive, and drug-resistant bacteria. The magnetic nanoplatform integrating detection-sterilization not only meets the need for highly sensitive and accurate detection in different scenarios, but can realize low power density NIR-II light-responsive chemodynamic/photothermal antibacterial therapy, which has broad application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Xue
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qiaoyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Hao Shen
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Shaoning Yu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
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Teng M, Hao M, Ding C, Wang L, Shen H, Yu S, Chen L, Yang F. Rapid detection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with boronic acid-decorated multivariate metal-organic frameworks and aptamers. Analyst 2023; 148:4213-4218. [PMID: 37539700 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00835e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Liquor brewing is a classic solid-substrate fermentation process with a unique brewing microbiome. As one of the most common fungi, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ferments saccharides and has been extensively applied in brewing production. Here, we present the facile fabrication of a selective, sensitive, and integrated fluorescent biosensor for S. cerevisiae detection. The proposed biosensor used aptamer-modified magnetic beads to specifically capture S. cerevisiae, and the enriched fungi were recognized and detected with boronic acid-decorated multivariate metal-organic frameworks. The biosensor allows rapid quantification of S. cerevisiae in the range of 10-106 CFU mL-1, showing excellent specificity and repeatability, and maintaining stable biosensing performance in long-term storage. The analytical ability of the proposed biosensor was successfully verified in distilled yeast and fermented grain samples spiked with S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjing Teng
- Kweichow Moutai Group, Renhuai, Guizhou 564501, China.
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources Development, Kweichow Moutai Co. Ltd, Renhuai, Guizhou 564501, China
| | - Mengdi Hao
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Chuanfan Ding
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Li Wang
- Kweichow Moutai Group, Renhuai, Guizhou 564501, China.
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources Development, Kweichow Moutai Co. Ltd, Renhuai, Guizhou 564501, China
| | - Hao Shen
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Shaoning Yu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Liangqiang Chen
- Kweichow Moutai Group, Renhuai, Guizhou 564501, China.
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources Development, Kweichow Moutai Co. Ltd, Renhuai, Guizhou 564501, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Kweichow Moutai Group, Renhuai, Guizhou 564501, China.
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources Development, Kweichow Moutai Co. Ltd, Renhuai, Guizhou 564501, China
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Ming J, Zeng X, Zhou R. Portable biosensor-based oral pathogenic bacteria detection for community and family applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04809-1. [PMID: 37389598 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04809-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Detection of oral pathogens is essential in the management of oral diseases, as their occurrence and progression are closely linked to an imbalance in these microorganisms. Detection techniques such as microbial cultures, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and polymerase chain reactions are highly dependent on complex testing procedures and specialized laboratory equipment, making prevention and early diagnosis of oral diseases difficult. To comprehensively implement oral disease prevention and early diagnosis in social groups, there is an urgent need for portable testing methods for oral pathogenic bacteria that can be applied in community and home settings. In this review, several common portable biosensors for pathogenic bacteria are first described. Based on the goal of achieving primary prevention and diagnosis of oral diseases, we elaborate and summarize portable biosensors for common oral pathogenic bacteria in terms of how to achieve portability of the technique. This review aims to reflect the current status of portable biosensors for common oral pathogens and to lay the foundation for the further realization of portable detection of oral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ronghui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Ma Y, Zhang Y, Gao J, Ouyang H, He Y, Fu Z. PEGylated Ni Single-Atom Catalysts as Ultrasensitive Electrochemiluminescent Probes with Favorable Aqueous Dispersibility for Assaying Drug-Resistant Pathogens. Anal Chem 2022; 94:14047-14053. [PMID: 36179113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ni single-atom catalysts (SACs) were synthesized by high-temperature calcination of nickel ions and 1,10-phenanthroline on carbon black as a carrier. Benefiting from the ultrahigh atom utilization efficiency, Ni SACs can significantly accelerate decay of dissolved oxygen to generate abundant reactive oxygen species through an oxygen reduction reaction occurring on cathodes. The generated reactive oxygen species can vastly enhance the electrochemiluminescent (ECL) signal of luminol without participation of exogenous co-reactants. To overcome the inherent unfavorable aqueous dispersibility of Ni SACs prepared by the calcination protocol, they were functionalized with highly hydrophilic PEG 2000. Thanks to the abundant carboxyl groups on PEG 2000, the PEGylated Ni SACs (Ni@PEG) can be used as ECL probes to tag biorecognition molecules. In this proof-of-principle work, an ECL biosensor for assaying methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was developed by using porcine IgG as capture molecule and phage cell-binding domain tagged with Ni@PEG as signal tracer. It shows a broad linear range of 73-7.3 × 106 CFU/mL and a low detection limit of 25 CFU/mL. The recovery values for assaying spiked samples are between 80.8 and 119.2%. It was also utilized to assess MRSA susceptibility to four antibiotics, with results consistent with those obtained by the standard broth microdilution technique. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time to utilize aqueous dispersible SACs as highly sensitive ECL probes for developing biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchan Ma
- The State Key Lab of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing400715, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- The State Key Lab of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing400715, China
| | - Jiaqi Gao
- The State Key Lab of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing400715, China
| | - Hui Ouyang
- The State Key Lab of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing400715, China
| | - Yong He
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi563000, China
| | - Zhifeng Fu
- The State Key Lab of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing400715, China
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Zehra N, Tanwar AS, Khatun MN, Adil LR, Iyer PK. AIE active polymers for biological applications. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2021; 185:137-177. [PMID: 34782103 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) phenomenon, significantly altered the understanding of the scientific world about the luminophore aggregation. Polymers with AIE features have recently emerged as promising materials with wide range of applications in optoelectronics devices, chemosensors, bioimaging, cancer theranostics and drug delivery. By introducing the AIE active molecule into the polymer structure, novel materials encompassing the characteristics properties of both the functional materials such as excellent brightness, versatile structure modification, high biocompatibility, exceptional stability and facile processability are achieved. This chapter presents the advances in synthetic design as well as potential biological applications of AIE active polymers, beginning with a brief introduction to the AIE phenomenon. The versatile synthetic route, easier functionalization, and light up feature of the AIE active polymers offer direct visualization of the physiological processes within or outside the living organisms. This chapter also precisely describes the photodynamic therapy/photothermal therapy (PDT/PTT) with up-to-date advancement of AIE active polymer and their emerging applications in biomedical field. The AIE active Photosensitizers (PSs) are much more efficient in singlet oxygen (1O2) production than their small molecule AIE active PSs due to their enhanced inter system crossing (ISC) process and improved light-harvesting ability. Additionally, the present chapter aims to focus on all recent AIE active polymers for drug screening and drug delivery. The AIE active polymer often shows decent drug loading capacity, high stability and good biocompatibility comprising image guided drug monitoring features. Lastly, the concluding discussion reveals the future prospective of the AIE active polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal Zehra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Arvin Sain Tanwar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Mst Nasima Khatun
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Laxmi Raman Adil
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Parameswar Krishnan Iyer
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India; Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India; School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India.
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7
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Sereti M, Zekeridou A, Cancela J, Mombelli A, Giannopoulou C. Microbiological testing of clinical samples before and after periodontal treatment. A comparative methodological study between real-time PCR and real-time-PCR associated to propidium monoazide. Clin Exp Dent Res 2021; 7:1069-1079. [PMID: 34216116 PMCID: PMC8638278 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of the present methodological study was to evaluate the discrepancies in the detection of a number of periodontally involved pathogenic bacteria obtained from clinical samples by two methods: the quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) and the qPCR combined with pre‐treatment by Propidium Monoazide (PMA). Material and methods Plaque and saliva samples were obtained from 30 subjects: 20 subjects with chronic or aggressive periodontitis in need of periodontal therapy with or without antibiotics and 10 subjects in Supportive Periodontal Treatment (SPT). The clinical samples taken before treatment (BL) and 1 month later (M1), were divided in two aliquots: one was immediately treated with PMA while the other was left untreated. All samples were further analyzed with qPCR after DNA extraction, for the detection of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), Treponema denticola (Td), Parvimonas micra (Pm), and Prevotella intermedia (Pi). Results Large inter‐individual variations were observed in the concentration of the studied bacteria. At both instances (BL and M1) and for the three groups, significantly lower counts of bacteria were depicted when plaque and saliva samples were pre‐treated with PMA as compared to those without treatment. Treatment resulted in significant decreases in the number of bacteria, mainly in the plaque samples. However, these changes were almost similar in the three groups independently of the method of detection used (PMA‐qPCR vs. q‐PCR). Conclusion Removal of DNA from non‐viable cells with PMA treatment is an easily applied step added to the classical qPCR that could give accurate information on the presence of viable bacterial load and evaluate the response to periodontal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sereti
- Division of Regenerative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alkisti Zekeridou
- Division of Regenerative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jose Cancela
- Division of Regenerative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Mombelli
- Division of Regenerative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Giannopoulou
- Division of Regenerative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Li D, Fang Y, Zhang X. Bacterial Detection and Elimination Using a Dual-Functional Porphyrin-Based Porous Organic Polymer with Peroxidase-Like and High Near-Infrared-Light-Enhanced Antibacterial Activity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:8989-8999. [PMID: 32023028 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The efficient fabrication of multifunctional nanoplatforms for bacterial detection and elimination is of great importance in nanobiotechnology. A new porphyrin-based porous organic polymer, FePPOPBFPB, was synthesized via the reaction between pyrrole and 4-{2,2-bis[(4-formylphenoxy)methyl]-3-(4-formylphenoxy) propoxy} benzaldehyde (BFPB). The C-centric tetrahedral structure of BFPB promoted the formation of FePPOPBFPB with a 3D interconnected porous structure, high specific surface area, and plentiful surface catalytic active sites. The adjustable structural alkyl chain also enhanced the absorption capability of FePPOPBFPB in the long-wavelength visible and near-infrared regions (NIR). FePPOPBFPB exhibited excellent peroxidase-like activity toward a representative peroxidase substrate, 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) with H2O2. Utilizing these features, a rapid and visual detection of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) based on FePPOPBFPB was established and exhibited high sensitivity and stability. Combining the catalysis with near-infrared-light (NIR) absorption, FePPOPBFPB can effectively catalyze the decomposition of biologically relevant concentrations of H2O2 to produce vast amounts of •OH radicals via the photo-Fenton reaction, which avoids the utilization of high toxic concentrations of H2O2. On the basis of these satisfactory features, FePPOPBFPB had a conspicuous bactericidal performance against S. aureus under NIR irradiation. To our knowledge, this is the first example of a porphyrin-based porous organic polymer antibacterial agent. The main reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in this system and the possible antibacterial mechanism of FePPOPBFPB was also proposed through a series of experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dekang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong 250100 , P. R. China
| | - Yishan Fang
- School of Food Science and Engineering , Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences , Jinan 250353 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong 250100 , P. R. China
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Yang H, Zhao X, Wang H, Deng W, Tan Y, Ma M, Xie Q. Sensitive photoelectrochemical immunoassay of Staphylococcus aureus based on one-pot electrodeposited ZnS/CdS heterojunction nanoparticles. Analyst 2019; 145:165-171. [PMID: 31724656 DOI: 10.1039/c9an02020a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We report here a facile synthesis of ZnS/CdS heterojunction nanoparticles on an indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrode and their application in the ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical detection of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The ZnS/CdS/ITO electrode was prepared using one-pot electrodeposition in an acidic solution containing ZnCl2, CdCl2 and Na2S2O3. The optimal ZnS/CdS heterojunction nanoparticles with a Zn/Cd atomic ratio of 1 : 1 showed a high photoelectrochemical response to l-cysteine. l-Cysteine-encapsulated liposome (cysteine@liposome) immunonanocapsules were prepared and used as the labels for photoelectrochemical detection of S. aureus. By coupling cysteine@liposome immunonanocapsule labeling with immunomagnetic separation/enrichment and photoelectrochemical analysis using the ZnS/CdS/ITO electrode, sensitive photoelectrochemical detection of S. aureus was achieved. Under optimal conditions, the linear range for photoelectrochemical detection of S. aureus was from 1 to 4000 CFU mL-1. The proposed method was successfully used for photoelectrochemical detection of S. aureus in milk and juice samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
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10
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Ultrasensitive immunoassay of Staphylococcus aureus based on colorimetric and fluorescent responses of 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole to l-cysteine. Talanta 2019; 202:244-250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zhang L, Qi Z, Zou Y, Zhang J, Xia W, Zhang R, He Z, Cai X, Lin Y, Duan SZ, Li J, Wang L, Lu N, Tang Z. Engineering DNA–Nanozyme Interfaces for Rapid Detection of Dental Bacteria. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:30640-30647. [PMID: 31318203 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zhengnan Qi
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Oral Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yan Zou
- National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wenjun Xia
- National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhiyan He
- National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Sheng-Zhong Duan
- National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Na Lu
- School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zisheng Tang
- National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
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Kulkarni MR, Bhat KG, Thomas BS, Bhat GS, Kulkarni RD. Identification of multiple strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis using heteroduplex polymerase chain reaction in varying severity of chronic periodontitis. Indian J Med Microbiol 2018; 36:81-86. [PMID: 29735832 DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_17_434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Aim Research has demonstrated that there are multiple strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis with varying potency to cause periodontal disease. The current study aims at using heteroduplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the strain diversity of P. gingivalis in periodontitis lesions of varying severity in a sample of the Indian population. Materials and Methods Subgingival plaque samples were collected from 60 individuals with varying severity of chronic periodontitis and 30 individuals with a clinically healthy periodontium. The samples were subjected to PCR analysis to identify P. gingivalis, followed by heteroduplex analysis to identify the strain diversity in a given sample. Bacterial culture was carried out as a comparative standard. Results Of the 56 samples that were positive for P. gingivalis by PCR, 54 samples yielded eight different heteroduplex patterns. Analysis of these patterns indicated that two strains of P. gingivalis were present in 41 individuals (45.6%) and three strains were present in 13 individuals (14.4%). Detection of P. gingivalis by PCR was significantly more in the periodontitis group as compared to the healthy group. Conclusions Species-specific PCR and heteroduplex analysis provide a simple and accurate method to analyse the strain diversity of P. gingivalis. P. gingivalis was detected in both healthy periodontal sites as well as sites with periodontitis. The presence of two or three P. gingivalis strains was seen in 60% of the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kishore G Bhat
- Department of Microbiology, Maratha Mandal Dental College and Hospital, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Betsy Sara Thomas
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahsa University, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - G Subraya Bhat
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Wang S, Deng W, Yang L, Tan Y, Xie Q, Yao S. Copper-Based Metal-Organic Framework Nanoparticles with Peroxidase-Like Activity for Sensitive Colorimetric Detection of Staphylococcus aureus. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:24440-24445. [PMID: 28691795 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cu-MOF nanoparticles with an average diameter of 550 nm were synthesized from 2-aminoterephthalic acid and Cu(NO3)2 by a mixed solvothermal method. The Cu-MOF nanoparticles can show peroxidase-like activity that can catalyze 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine to produce a yellow chromogenic reaction in the presence of H2O2. The presence of abundant amine groups on the surfaces of Cu-MOF nanoparticles enables facile modification of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) aptamer on Cu-MOF nanoparticles. By combining Cu-MOF-catalyzed chromogenic reaction with aptamer recognition and magnetic separation, a simple, sensitive, and selective colorimetric method for the detection of S. aureus was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410081, China
| | - Wenfang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410081, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yueming Tan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410081, China
| | - Qingji Xie
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410081, China
| | - Shouzhuo Yao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410081, China
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Joshi VM, Bhat KG, Kugaji MS, Shirahatti R. Characterization and serotype distribution of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: Relationship of serotypes to herpesvirus and periodontal status in Indian subjects. Microb Pathog 2017; 110:189-195. [PMID: 28668607 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The virulence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) in any individual depends on the type of strain of this bacterium. To our knowledge, there have been no studies reported in Indian subjects about A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype occurrence, co-existence with herpes virus and the possible influence of such co-existence on periodontal pathology. METHODS Subjects for this study were a subset of a larger study to identify the prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans in chronic periodontitis. A total of 63 subjects (12 periodontally healthy and 51 with chronic periodontitis) who were positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans were serotyped for strain-level identification. The presence of Human Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was tested in subgingival plaque samples by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS All five serotypes a to e were detected. Of the samples analyzed 38.09% harbored a single serotype, 36.5% had two serotypes, 6.3% demonstrated three and 4.7% demonstrated four serotypes. None of the samples showed presence of JP2 strain. Serotypes b, c, and e were most frequently identified in these individuals (46.03%, 36.5% and 38.09% respectively). Presence of serotypes b and c and absence of serotype d was associated with increased PD and CAL. Among 63 samples analyzed, 11 samples had CMV, four samples had EBV and nine samples had both these viruses. The PD and CAL were significantly higher (p = 0.04) when a combination of CMV and one of the serotypes was present indicating a pathological role of the coexistence. CONCLUSION Multiple serotypes are associated with chronic periodontitis in Indians, however, JP2 strains are not detectable in this cohort. Presence of multiple serotypes and a combination of any serotype with herpesvirus is associated with greater severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak M Joshi
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.
| | - Kishore G Bhat
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Manohar S Kugaji
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravi Shirahatti
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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Yan C, Zhang Y, Yang H, Yu J, Wei H. Combining phagomagnetic separation with immunoassay for specific, fast and sensitive detection of Staphylococcus aureus. Talanta 2017; 170:291-297. [PMID: 28501172 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)-specific lytic bacteriophage P-S. aureus-9, isolated from an environmental water sample, was assembled on magnetic beads for capturing S. aureus from samples through magnetic separation. Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) labeled immunoglobulin (IgG) antibodies were used to detect the captured S. aureus by reacting with protein A on S. aureus followed by colorimetric signals, which were generated from the catalytic reaction between HRP and the substrate 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). Under optimal conditions, the calibration curve was linear from 1.0×104 to 1.0×106CFUmL-1. The limit of detection (LOD) for the assay was 2.47×103CFUmL-1 and 8.86×103CFUmL-1 of S. aureus in PBS and apple juice, respectively. Moreover, the whole assay revealed outstanding specificity towards S. aureus, without any interference of common pathogenic bacteria, and can be completed within 90min without any pre-enrichment. As far as known, it was the first time to detect S. aureus based on the double site recognition of bacteriophage and mammal IgG. The novel approach has shown good potentials for a rapid, specific, cheap and simple detection of S. aureus in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, PR China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, PR China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Hang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Junping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China.
| | - Hongping Wei
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
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16
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Rajaram A, Kotrashetti VS, Somannavar PD, Ingalagi P, Bhat K. Culture-based identification of pigmented Porphyromonas and Prevotella species in primary endodontic infections. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2016; 10:136-41. [PMID: 27651878 PMCID: PMC5025213 DOI: 10.15171/joddd.2016.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The most common species isolated from primary endodontic infections are black-pigmented bacteria. These species are implicated in apical abscess formation due to their proteolytic activity and are fastidious in nature. Therefore, the present study was carried out to evaluate the presence and identification of various pigmented Porphyromonas and Prevotella species in the infected root canal through culture-based techniques. Methods. Thirty-one patients with primary endodontic infections were selected. Using sterile paper points, samples were collected from the root canals after access opening and prior to obturation, which were cultured using blood and kanamycin blood agar. Subsequently, biochemical test was used to identify the species and the results were analyzed using percentage comparison analysis, McNemar and chi-squared tests, Wilcoxon match pair test and paired t-test. Results. Out of 31 samples 26 were positive for black-pigmented organisms; the predominantly isolated species were Prevotella followed by Porphyromonas. In Porphyromonas only P. gingivalis was isolated. One of the interesting features was isolation of P. gingivalis through culture, which is otherwise very difficult to isolate through culture. Conclusion. The presence of Prevotella and Porphyromonas species suggests that a significant role is played by these organisms in the pathogenesis of endodontic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Rajaram
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Maratha Mandal's NG Halgekar Institute Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi -590010, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijayalakshmi S Kotrashetti
- Professor and HOD, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Maratha Mandal's NG Halgekar Institute Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi -590010, Karnataka, India
| | - Pradeep D Somannavar
- Reader, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Maratha Mandal's NG Halgekar Institute Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi -590010, Karnataka, India
| | - Preeti Ingalagi
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Maratha Mandal's NG Halgekar Institute Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi -590010, Karnataka, India
| | - Kishore Bhat
- Professor and HOD, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Maratha Mandal's NG Halgekar Institute Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi -590010, Karnataka, India
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Accuracy of commercial kits and published primer pairs for the detection of periodontopathogens. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 20:2515-2528. [PMID: 27020914 PMCID: PMC5119851 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1748-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the input of microbiome research, a group of 20 bacteria continues to be the focus of periodontal diagnostics and therapy. The aim of this study was to compare three commercial kits and laboratory-developed primer pairs for effectiveness in detecting such periodontopathogens. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen bacterial mock communities, consisting of 16 randomly assembled bacterial strains, were used as reference standard for testing kits and primers. Extracted DNA from mock communities was analyzed by PCR in-house with specific primers and forwarded for analysis to the manufacturer's laboratory of each of the following kits: ParoCheck®Kit 20, micro-IDent®plus11, and Carpegen® Perio Diagnostik. RESULTS The kits accurately detected Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia/Prevotella nigrescens, Parvimonas micra, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Campylobacter rectus/showae, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus mutans, and Veillonella parvula. The in-house primers for F.nucleatum were highly specific to subtypes of the respective periopathogen. Other primers repeatedly detected oral pathogens not present in the mock communities, indicating reduced specificity. CONCLUSIONS The commercial kits used in this study are reliable tools to support periodontal diagnostics. Whereas the detection profile of the kits is fixed at a general specificity level, the design of primers can be adjusted to differentiate between highly specific strains. In-house primers are more error-prone. Bacterial mock communities can be established as a reference standard for any similar testing. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The tested kits render good results with selected bacterial species. Primers appear to be less useful for routine clinical diagnostics and of limited applicability in research. Basic information about the periodontopathogens identified in this study supports clinical decision-making.
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18
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Zhou J, Qi GB, Wang H. A purpurin-peptide derivative for selective killing of Gram-positive bacteria via insertion into cell membrane. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:4855-4861. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00406g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A purpurin-peptide derivative was used for discriminating and killing bacteria based on the different surface components of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Zhongguancun
- China
| | - Guo-Bin Qi
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Zhongguancun
- China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Zhongguancun
- China
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Wignarajah S, Suaifan GARY, Bizzarro S, Bikker FJ, Kaman WE, Zourob M. Colorimetric Assay for the Detection of Typical Biomarkers for Periodontitis Using a Magnetic Nanoparticle Biosensor. Anal Chem 2015; 87:12161-8. [PMID: 26631371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic disease which affects at least 10% of the population. If untreated, periodontitis can lead to teeth loss. Unfortunately, current diagnostic tests are limited in their sensitivity and specificity. In this study, a novel multiplex hand-held colorimetric diagnostic biosensor, using two typical inflammatory salivary biomarkers, Human Neutrophil Elastase (HNE) and Cathepsin-G, was constructed as proof of concept to potentially detect periodontitis. The biosensing method was based on the measurement of proteolytic activity using specific proteases probes. These probes consist of specific proteases substrates covalently bound to a magnetic bead from one end and to the gold sensor surface by the other end. When intact, this renders the golden sensor black. Upon proteolysis, the cleaved magnetic beads will be attracted by an external magnet revealing the golden color of the sensor surface observable by the naked eye. The biosensor was capable of specific and quantitative detection of HNE and Cathepsin-G in solution and in spiked saliva samples with a lower detection limit of 1 pg/mL and 100 fg/mL for HNE and Cathepsin-G, respectively. Examination of periodontitis patients' sample and a healthy control showed the potential of the multiplex biosensor to detect the presence of HNE and Cathepsin-G activity in situ. This approach is anticipated to be a useful biochip array amenable to low-cost point-of-care devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayalini Wignarajah
- Centre of Biomedical Engineering, Cranfield University , Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, U.K.,Department of Chemistry, Alfasal University , Al Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Al Takhassusi Road, Riyadh 11533, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadeer A R Y Suaifan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan , Amman, 11942 Jordan
| | - Sergio Bizzarro
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam , Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floris J Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam , Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy E Kaman
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam , Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center , Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammed Zourob
- Department of Chemistry, Alfasal University , Al Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Al Takhassusi Road, Riyadh 11533, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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20
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Kong W, Xiong J, Yue H, Fu Z. Sandwich Fluorimetric Method for Specific Detection of Staphylococcus aureus Based on Antibiotic-Affinity Strategy. Anal Chem 2015; 87:9864-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Kong
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence
and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence
and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Huan Yue
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence
and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Zhifeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence
and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
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21
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Untch M, Schlagenhauf U. Inter- and intra-test agreement of three commercially available molecular diagnostic tests for the identification of periodontal pathogens. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 19:2045-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1418-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Li Y, Yu H, Qian Y, Hu J, Liu S. Amphiphilic star copolymer-based bimodal fluorogenic/magnetic resonance probes for concomitant bacteria detection and inhibition. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:6734-41. [PMID: 25147084 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201402797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Four-arm star-shaped copolymers, TPE-star-P(DMA-co-BMA-co-Gd), containing TPE cores with an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) feature, a T 1 -type magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent, and amphiphilic cationic arms, are synthesized. By taking advantage of non-covalent interactions between star copolymers and bacteria surfaces, bimodal fluorometric/MR detection and concomitant inhibition of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria strains in aqueous media are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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Muthukumar S, Anand MV, Madhankumar S. Relationship between gingival bleeding and anaerobic periodontal infection assessed by BANA (N-Benzoyl-DL-Arginine-β-Napthylamide) assay. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2014; 6:S70-3. [PMID: 25210389 PMCID: PMC4157285 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.137391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Since periodontal diseases are primarily inflammatory in nature, the ability to detect inflammatory lesions in gingival tissue is essential for the diagnosis and monitoring of changes in gingival status. Gingival bleeding has been used as a reliable and objective clinical parameter not only for the evaluation of inflammatory conditions of periodontium, but also in the detection of its activity and progression. The gingival bleeding index (Loe) is based on the presence or absence of gingival bleeding, thereby provides a means of converting observed clinical data into statistical analysis. Periodontitis is widely regarded as a bacterial infection mainly mediated by subgingival plaque. N-benzoyl-DL-arginine β-naphthylamide (BANA) test is a simple chair side test used to detect, the specific enzymatic activity of microorganisms involved in periodontal disease. Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the clinical evaluation of the gingival index (GI) with the enzymatic BANA test. Materials and Methods: A total of 320 sites were selected from 20 patients with generalized chronic periodontitis, based on the presence are absence of gingival bleeding according to GI of Loe. Sub-gingival plaque samples were collected using a sterile curette and the BANA test was performed. Results: The distribution of GI and the intensity of the BANA test for the 320 sites analyzed during the initial examination of patients, with significance determined by the Chi-square test. The results were statistically significant at P ≤ 0.000. Conclusion: There was a direct relationship between positive BANA test results and GI scores, clearly demonstrating the validity of gingival bleeding as a significant diagnostic parameter. Clinical Significance: The validity of gingival bleeding as a clinical tool not only for the diagnosis of periodontal disease, but also in the detection of its activity and progression could be established by correlating the GI scores (which is based on the presence or absence of bleeding) with the primary etiologic factors (putative periodontal pathogens) assessed by BANA assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Muthukumar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Beyond Smiles Dental Care, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Vijay Anand
- Department of Prosthodontics, Satyabama Dental College, Satyabama University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Seenivasan Madhankumar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Germano F, Bramanti E, Arcuri C, Cecchetti F, Cicciù M. Atomic force microscopy of bacteria from periodontal subgingival biofilm: Preliminary study results. Eur J Dent 2014; 7:152-158. [PMID: 24883019 PMCID: PMC4023198 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.110155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Atomic force microscope (AFM) is a technology that allows analysis of the nanoscale morphology of bacteria within biofilm and provides details that may be better useful for understanding the role of bacterial interactions in the periodontal disease. Material and Methods: Five patients with periodontal ≥5 mm pockets diagnosed as generalized periodontitis and five patients with slight gingivitis were selected for the investigation. Bacteria biofilms were collected and morphologically investigated by AFM application. Results: The investigation revealed how periodontitis bacteria are characterized by specific morphologic features of the cell wall. The major representative species of bacteria causing periodontal diseases have been reproduced by a three-dimensional reconstruction showing the bacteria surface details. Conclusions: The presence of complex glycocalyx structures, bacteriophage-like vesicles, spirochetes (classic and cystic morphology) and bacterial co-aggregation has been identified by the AFM analysis. The results suggest that AFM is a reliable technique for studying bacterial morphology and for examining microbial interactions in dental plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Germano
- Odontostomatology Department, University of Roma Torvergata School of Dentistry, RM, Italy
| | - Ennio Bramanti
- Odontostomatology Department, University of Messina School of Dentistry, ME, Italy
| | - Claudio Arcuri
- Odontostomatology Department, University of Roma Torvergata School of Dentistry, RM, Italy
| | - Francesco Cecchetti
- Odontostomatology Department, University of Roma Torvergata School of Dentistry, RM, Italy
| | - Marco Cicciù
- Human Pathology Department, University of Messina School of Dentistry, ME, Italy
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25
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Li Y, Hu X, Tian S, Li Y, Zhang G, Zhang G, Liu S. Polyion complex micellar nanoparticles for integrated fluorometric detection and bacteria inhibition in aqueous media. Biomaterials 2014; 35:1618-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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26
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Pereira VT, Pavan P, Souza RC, Souto R, Vettore MV, Torres SR, Colombo APV, de Uzeda M, Sansone C, Gonçalves LS. The association between detectable plasmatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load and different subgingival microorganisms in Brazilian adults with HIV: a multilevel analysis. J Periodontol 2013; 85:697-705. [PMID: 23952074 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigates the association between detectable plasmatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load (HVL) and high levels of periodontal- and non-periodontal-related microorganisms in the subgingival microbiota of individuals with HIV. METHODS Thirty-seven individuals with HIV were divided into two groups: 1) detectable HVL (n = 15); and 2) undetectable HVL (n = 22). Subgingival biofilm samples were obtained, and the levels of 35 microbial species were determined by the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method. Periodontal clinical measures and laboratory and sociodemographic data were also registered. χ(2) test, Fisher exact test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare groups. Multilevel ordinal regression models were used to test the association between HVL and the levels of 35 microbial species in subgingival biofilm, adjusted for confounders. RESULTS Of the 35 species studied, 11 (31.4%) showed higher mean levels in the detectable HVL group than undetectable HVL group (P <0.001). These species included Actinomyces naeslundii II, Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces odontolyticus, Veillonella parvula, Capnocytophaga gingivalis, Eikenella corrodens, Campylobacter concisus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Candida albicans. Significant associations between detectable HVL and high levels of microorganisms, adjusted for confounders, were observed for A. naeslundii I, Actinomyces gerencseriae, C. gingivalis, E. corrodens, C. concisus, Prevotella nigrescens, T. forsythia, and Dialister pneumosintes. CONCLUSION Detectable plasmatic HVL in individuals with HIV was associated with elevated levels of known periodontal pathogens, such as P. nigrescens, T. forsythia, and E. corrodens, as well as C. concisus, C. gingivalis, and D. pneumosintes in the subgingival biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Tiago Pereira
- Department of Dental Clinics, Division of Graduate Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Gonçalves LS, Gonçalves BML, Fontes TV. Periodontal disease in HIV-infected adults in the HAART era: Clinical, immunological, and microbiological aspects. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:1385-96. [PMID: 23755999 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has decreased the incidence and prevalence of several oral manifestations such as oral candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, and Kaposi's sarcoma in HIV-infected patients. Regarding periodontal disease the findings are not clear. This disease represents a group of chronic oral diseases characterized by infection and inflammation of the periodontal tissues. These tissues surround the teeth and provide periodontal protection (the gingival tissue) and periodontal support (periodontal ligament, root cementum, alveolar bone). Clinical, immunological, and microbiological aspects of these diseases, such as linear gingival erythema (LGE), necrotizing periodontal diseases (NPD) (necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis [NUG], necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis [NUP] and necrotizing stomatitis), and chronic periodontitis, have been widely studied in HIV-infected individuals, but without providing conclusive results. The purpose of this review was to contribute to a better overall understanding of the probable impact of HIV-infection on the characteristics of periodontal infections.
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Chitsazi MT, Kashefimehr A, Pourabbas R, Shirmohammadi A, Ghasemi Barghi V, Daghigh Azar B. Efficacy of Subgingival Application of Xanthan-based Chlorhexidine Gel Adjunctive to Full-mouth Root Planing Assessed by Real-time PCR: A Microbiologic and Clinical Study. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2013; 7:95-101. [PMID: 23875088 PMCID: PMC3713868 DOI: 10.5681/joddd.2013.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The aim of this clinical investigation was to compare clinical and microbiological effectiveness of adjunctive CHX gel in the treatment of periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four subjects with localized or generalized moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis underwent scaling and root planing. One tooth in each quadrant with a probing depth of >4 mm was chosen for combined gel and SRP, with contralateral tooth as control (SRP treated site). Clinical assessment was carried out at baseline and 1 and 3 months later; microbial assessment was performed by real-time PCR. Periodontal probing depth (PPD) was considered as primary outcome. RESULTS Twenty patients completed the study. Baseline PPDs were 4.90±0.78 and 5.05±0.79 in the SRP and gel groups, respectively (P>0.05), which decreased to 3.67±0.59 and 3.7±0.83 one month after treatment and 3.25±0.65 and 3.38±0.79 three months after treatment. Although values decreased significantly in both groups after one and three months (P=0.001 in the SRP and P=0.001 in the gel group), the inter-group difference was not significant neither at one-month (P=0.47) nor at three-month (P=0.77) intervals. The only clinical parameters exhibiting statistically significant inter-group differences was BOP in both one-month (P=0.004) and three-month (P=0.0001) intervals. All the other clinical measurements showed significant decreases after one and three months in both sites but without inter-group differences. CONCLUSION Subgingival application of xanthan chlorhexidine gel combined with scaling and root planing reduced bleed-ing of periodontal pockets. Clinical trials to evaluate effectiveness of this gel in aggressive and severe periodontitis modified by systemic factors are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Taghi Chitsazi
- Associate Professor, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Atabak Kashefimehr
- Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Pourabbas
- Professor, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Adileh Shirmohammadi
- Associate Professor, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vadood Ghasemi Barghi
- Post-graduate Student, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Malhotra S, Yeltiwar RK. Evaluation of two mouth rinses in reduction of oral malodor using a spectrophotometric technique. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2011; 15:250-4. [PMID: 22028512 PMCID: PMC3200021 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.85669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Various mouth rinses have been used in the treatment of halitosis, but most of the evidence for the efficacy of mouth rinses is anecdotal. In the present study, 0.2% chlorhexidine rinse and an essential oil mouth rinse are compared for their efficacy in reducing the breath mercaptan levels. Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients with the chief complaint of oral malodor were randomly divided into 3 groups and were provided with the respective mouth rinses. Pre rinsing measurements were performed on the Day 1 and no other periodontal treatment was instituted. Post rinsing estimation of mercaptan levels was performed after 7 days. Results: When comparing chlorhexidine with the essential oil mouth rinse, the reduction in VSCs was highly significant in the chlorhexidine group (P<0.01). However, the reduction in the organoleptic scores was not significant among the two groups. Organoleptic scores showed very highly significant correlations with the VSC concentrations measured by the spectrophotometric method. Conclusion: The spectrophotometric technique employed in this study appears to be a promising new method for evaluation of oral malodor. Chlorhexidine still appears to be the agent of choice as a short term regimen in cases of oral malodor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Malhotra
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, ITS Dental College, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Balaei Gajan E, Akbarzadeh P, Harasi B, Moosavi Z. Evaluation of Genetic Pattern of Gentamicin-resistant Enterococci Isolated from Clinical Samples. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2011; 5:23-6. [PMID: 23019503 PMCID: PMC3429987 DOI: 10.5681/joddd.2011.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Enterococci are among resistant microorganisms to antibiotics and are responsible for some of acute gingival infections. This study aimed at molecular evaluation of gentamicin-resistant enterococcus species and determining the resistance genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical samples were cultured on BHI medium and enterococci were isolated by specific methods and antibiograms were prepared. DNA was derived from gentamicin-resistant species by alkaline lysis method and replicated by PCR method. Four gentamicin-resistant genes were evaluated by electrophoresis method on agarose gel. RESULTS From 105 Enterococcus faecalis isolates, 36.2% and from 38 Enterococcus faecium isolates, 78.2% were resistant to gentamicin. 60% of these species bore aac (6')- le - aph(2")- la gene. ph(2")- Ib,Ic,Id genes were not seen in any of the evaluated species. CONCLUSION In gentamicin-resistant species of E. faecalis and E. faecium, the aac (6')- le - aph(2")- la gene was identified as the main cause of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esrafil Balaei Gajan
- Dentist, Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
, Corresponding Author;
| | - Parisa Akbarzadeh
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahram Harasi
- Post-graduate Student, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Moosavi
- Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Masakiyo Y, Yoshida A, Takahashi Y, Shintani Y, Awano S, Ansai T, Sawayama S, Shimakita T, Takehara T. Rapid LED-based fluorescence microscopy distinguishes between live and dead bacteria in oral clinical samples. Biomed Res 2010; 31:21-6. [DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.31.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lewis JP, Iyer D, Anaya-Bergman C. Adaptation of Porphyromonas gingivalis to microaerophilic conditions involves increased consumption of formate and reduced utilization of lactate. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2009; 155:3758-3774. [PMID: 19684063 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.027953-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis, previously classified as a strict anaerobe, can grow in the presence of low concentrations of oxygen. Microarray analysis revealed alteration in gene expression in the presence of 6 % oxygen. During the exponential growth phase, 96 genes were upregulated and 79 genes were downregulated 1.4-fold. Genes encoding proteins that play a role in oxidative stress protection were upregulated, including alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (ahpCF), superoxide dismutase (sod) and thiol peroxidase (tpx). Significant changes in gene expression of proteins that mediate oxidative metabolism, such as cytochrome d ubiquinol oxidase-encoding genes, cydA and cydB, were detected. The expression of genes encoding formate uptake transporter (PG0209) and formate tetrahydrofolate ligase (fhs) was drastically elevated, which indicates that formate metabolism plays a major role under aerobic conditions. The concomitant reduction of expression of a gene encoding the lactate transporter PG1340 suggests decreased utilization of this nutrient. The concentrations of both formate and lactate were assessed in culture supernatants and cells, and they were in agreement with the results obtained at the transcriptional level. Also, genes encoding gingipain protease secretion/maturation regulator (porR) and protease transporter (porT) had reduced expression in the presence of oxygen, which also correlated with reduced protease activities under aerobic conditions. In addition, metal transport was affected, and while iron-uptake genes such as the genes encoding the haemin uptake locus (hmu) were downregulated, expression of manganese transporter genes, such as feoB2, was elevated in the presence of oxygen. Finally, genes encoding putative regulatory proteins such as extracellular function (ECF) sigma factors as well as small proteins had elevated expression levels in the presence of oxygen. As P. gingivalis is distantly related to the well-studied model organism Escherichia coli, results from our work may provide further understanding of oxygen metabolism and protection in other related bacteria belonging to the phylum Bacteroidetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina P Lewis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,The Philips Institute of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Divya Iyer
- The Philips Institute of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Cecilia Anaya-Bergman
- University of San Luis, San Luis, Argentina.,The Philips Institute of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Hamlet SM, Cullinan MP, Westerman B, Lindeman M, Bird PS, Palmer J, Seymour GJ. Distribution of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia in an Australian population. J Clin Periodontol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2001.281212.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Kobayashi N, Ishihara K, Sugihara N, Kusumoto M, Yakushiji M, Okuda K. Colonization pattern of periodontal bacteria in Japanese children and their mothers. J Periodontal Res 2008; 43:156-61. [PMID: 18302616 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2007.01005.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the time of infection by anaerobic gram-negative rods associated with periodontal disease, and to clarify their transmission from mother to child. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy-eight Japanese children (including 10 siblings), aged from 3 to 9 years, and 68 mothers, were enrolled in this study. Colonization by 11 periodontal bacterial species was determined using polymerase chain reaction amplification of samples of subgingival plaque obtained from the children and their mothers. RESULTS The detection rates of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythensis and Treponema denticola increased in children after the age of 6 years. We found a high consistency in colonization by P. gingivalis, T. denticola, Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens in 9 of the 10 siblings. The average number of bacterial species in plaque samples harboring Fusobacterium nucleatum and/or Fusobacterium periodonticum was significantly greater than in those without, in both children and mothers. Kappa statistical analysis revealed that the detection of Capnocytophaga gingivalis, Capnocytophaga ochracea, Campylobacter rectus and T. denticola in children was consistent with that in the mother. CONCLUSION Periodontal bacterial colonization in Japanese children increased with age and was associated with F. nucleatum and/or periodonticum, and the bacterial flora in children was similar to that in their mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan
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Loesche W. Dental caries and periodontitis: contrasting two infections that have medical implications. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2007; 21:471-502, vii. [PMID: 17561079 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2007.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Both dental decay and periodontal disease are diagnosable and treatable bacterial infections. They are distinctly different infections, with dental decay occurring on the supragingival surfaces of the teeth and periodontal infections occurring in the gingival tissue approximating the subgingival plaque. The bacteria involved and the pathophysiology of these infections are distinctly different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Loesche
- Department of Biological and Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Room 3209, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Könönen E, Paju S, Pussinen PJ, Hyvönen M, Di Tella P, Suominen-Taipale L, Knuuttila M. Population-based study of salivary carriage of periodontal pathogens in adults. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:2446-51. [PMID: 17567788 PMCID: PMC1951210 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02560-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Large, general population-based data on carriage rates of periodontal pathogens hardly exist in the current literature. The objectives of the present study were to examine the salivary detection of Aggregatibacter (formerly Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans, Campylobacter rectus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythensis, and Treponema denticola in a representative sample of the adult population living in southern Finland and to clarify which determinants are associated with the presence of these pathogens in saliva. 16S rRNA-based PCR methods with species-specific primers were employed to determine the presence of the six target bacteria in stimulated saliva samples, which were available from 1,294 subjects aged > or =30 years. The age group, gender, level of education, marital status, smoking history, number of teeth, and number of teeth with deepened pockets were included in the statistical analysis. In general, the carriage of periodontal pathogens was common, since at least one of the examined pathogens was found in 88.2% of the subjects. In descending order, the total detection rates were 56.9%, 38.2%, 35.4%, 31.3%, 20.0%, and 13.9% for T. forsythensis, T. denticola, P. gingivalis, C. rectus, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and P. intermedia, respectively. Age per se was strongly associated with the carriage of P. gingivalis (P = 0.000), and the level of education with that of T. denticola (P = 0.000). There was an association between the number of teeth with deepened pockets and carriage of P. gingivalis (P = 0.000), P. intermedia (P = 0.000), T. denticola (P = 0.000), and A. actinomycetemcomitans (P = 0.004). The data suggest that distinct species have a different carriage profile, depending on variables such as age, educational level, and periodontal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eija Könönen
- Anaerobe Reference Laboratory, Department of Bacterial and Inflammatory Diseases, National Public Health Institute (KTL), Mannerheimintie 166, FI-00300 Helsinki, Finland.
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Gonçalves LDS, Soares Ferreira SM, Souza CO, Souto R, Colombo AP. Clinical and microbiological profiles of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive Brazilians undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy and HIV-seronegative Brazilians with chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol 2007; 78:87-96. [PMID: 17199544 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2007.060040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study compares the periodontal clinical profile and the composition of the subgingival microbiota of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive and HIV-seronegative subjects with chronic periodontitis. METHODS A total of 172 subjects were distributed into two HIV-seropositive groups (37 chronic periodontitis [H+CP+] and 35 periodontally healthy [H+CP-] individuals) and two HIV-seronegative groups (49 chronic periodontitis [H-CP+] and 51 periodontally healthy [H-CP-] subjects). Subgingival samples were collected from six sites with the deepest probing depth in the periodontitis groups and six random sites in the groups with periodontal health. All HIV-infected patients had undergone highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for at least 2 years. The presence and levels of 33 bacterial species were detected by DNA probes and the checkerboard method. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to seek for significant differences among and between groups. RESULTS H-CP+ patients showed significantly more periodontal destruction and inflammation than H+CP+ patients, whereas H+CP- subjects presented a greater percentage of sites with bleeding than H-CP- subjects (P <0.01). Patients who were HIV seronegative showed higher prevalence and levels of most bacterial species than HIV seropositive patients. Periodontal pathogens including Tannerella forsythensis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella nigrescens, Eubacterium nodatum, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Selenomonas noxia were more frequently detected in H-CP+ subjects compared to H+CP+ and controls. In contrast, Enterococcus faecalis and Acinetobacter baumannii were more commonly found in HIV-infected than in non-HIV-infected subjects (P <0.05). CONCLUSION Putative periodontal pathogens are more prevalent in the subgingival microbiota of HIV-seronegative patients with chronic periodontitis, whereas species not usually associated with periodontitis are detected in higher frequency in HIV-seropositive subjects under HAART.
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Yu JJ, Ruddy MJ, Wong GC, Sfintescu C, Baker PJ, Smith JB, Evans RT, Gaffen SL. An essential role for IL-17 in preventing pathogen-initiated bone destruction: recruitment of neutrophils to inflamed bone requires IL-17 receptor-dependent signals. Blood 2007; 109:3794-802. [PMID: 17202320 PMCID: PMC1874584 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-09-010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-17 and its receptor are founding members of a novel family of inflammatory cytokines. IL-17 plays a pathogenic role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated bone destruction. However, IL-17 is also an important regulator of host defense through granulopoiesis and neutrophil trafficking. Therefore, the role of IL-17 in pathogen-initiated bone loss was not obvious. The most common form of infection-induced bone destruction occurs in periodontal disease (PD). In addition to causing significant morbidity, PD is a risk factor for atherosclerotic heart disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Similar to RA, bone destruction in PD is caused by the immune response. However, neutrophils provide critical antimicrobial defense against periodontal organisms. Since IL-17 is bone destructive in RA but a key regulator of neutrophils, we examined its role in inflammatory bone loss induced by the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis in IL-17RA-deficient mice. These mice showed enhanced periodontal bone destruction, suggesting a bone-protective role for IL-17, reminiscent of a neutrophil deficiency. Although IL-17RA-deficient neutrophils functioned normally ex vivo, IL-17RA knock-out (IL-17RA(KO)) mice exhibited reduced serum chemokine levels and concomitantly reduced neutrophil migration to bone. Consistently, CXCR2(KO) mice were highly susceptible to alveolar bone loss; interestingly, these mice also suggested a role for chemokines in maintaining normal bone homeostasis. These results indicate a nonredundant role for IL-17 in mediating host defense via neutrophil mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Verner C, Lemaitre P, Daniel A, Giumelli B, Lakhssassi N, Sixou M. Carpegen�real-time polymerase chain reaction vs. anaerobic culture for periodontal pathogen identification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 21:341-6. [PMID: 17064390 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2006.00297.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The aim of this study was to compare two methods of microbiological diagnosis, anaerobic bacterial culture and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), for the detection of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Treponema denticola. METHODS Seventy-two samples were collected from 18 patients who were suffering from aggressive periodontitis. The data obtained were compared for the two methods. RESULTS The results obtained with real-time PCR were different from those obtained with bacterial culture. The detection differences were 3% for A. actinomycetemcomitans, 8.33% for P. intermedia, and 12.5% for F. nucleatum. However, the differences for P. gingivalis and T. forsythia were 51.39% and 36.11%, respectively. No comparison was possible for T. denticola because it cannot be identified in culture. The variations found were the result of the better detection level (10(2) pathogens) of the PCR probe. Unlike bacterial culture, PCR allows the detection of T. denticola, which does not forming colonies and is oxygen sensitive. For F. nucleatum, T. forsythia and P. gingivalis, the real-time PCR technique was more sensitive than culture. CONCLUSION Good results were obtained with the real-time PCR technique for the six periopathogens targeted. This method seems to be indicated for its simplicity, rapidity and reproducibility but it cannot analyze data for an antibiotic susceptibility test. The periodontist must therefore choose one of these two methods according to his specific clinical objective: to obtain rapid, specific detection even with weak initial concentrations (but for targeted periopathogens only) or to be non-specific and analyze the pathological activity with an antibiogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Verner
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Nantes, France
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Tomazinho LF, Avila-Campos MJ. Detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Prevotella nigrescens in chronic endodontic infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 103:285-8. [PMID: 17234549 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2006.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2005] [Revised: 04/28/2006] [Accepted: 05/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Black-pigmented anaerobic rods such as Prevotella spp. and Porphyromonas spp. are involved in the etiology and perpetuation of endodontic infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of these species in chronic endodontic infections by using culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Samples of 100 patients with root canals displaying chronic endodontic infections were obtained by sterilized paper points. Bacterial identification was performed by using culture and PCR techniques. By culture, in 33% of the samples, P. intermedia-P. nigrescens (75.8%), P. gingivalis (27.3%), and P. endodontalis (9.1%) were identified, and by PCR 60% of the samples harbored P. nigrescens (43.3%), P. gingivalis (43.3%), P. intermedia (31.7%), and P. endodontalis (23.3%). The presence of these black-pigmented anaerobic rods alone or in association in chronic endodontic infections seems to be frequent. PCR is a very sensitive technique for detecting DNA from bacterial cells. Culturing is only able to reveal living bacteria and is less sensitive for the identification of low numbers of bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Fernando Tomazinho
- Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
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Lee Y, Straffon LH, Welch KB, Loesche WJ. The transmission of anaerobic periodontopathic organisms. J Dent Res 2006; 85:182-6. [PMID: 16434739 DOI: 10.1177/154405910608500213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral microbial flora is unique, and available evidence indicates that it is passed vertically from parents to children. In this investigation, we used a chairside assay for the N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-naphthylamide (BANA)-sensitive enzyme found in Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythensis, to determine the prevalence of these BANA-positive species in young children and their caregivers. We predicted that if the BANA enzyme was found in plaque samples of children, it would also be present in the plaque samples of the caregivers. Forty-four percent of 150 children had at least one plaque sample positive for the BANA enzyme. If the caregiver was BANA-positive, the odds of the child also being BANA-positive was 35 times more than for a child with a BANA-negative caregiver, after adjustment for the child's age and papillary bleeding score (PBS). Other significant predictors were the PBS of children (p < 0.001), a history of periodontal disease, and the ages of the caregivers (p < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lee
- Department of Orthodontic and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA
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Dahlén G, Leonhardt A. A new checkerboard panel for testing bacterial markers in periodontal disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 21:6-11. [PMID: 16390335 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2005.00243.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Various microbiological methods have been used for testing bacterial markers for periodontitis and periodontal disease progression. Most studies have used only a limited number of well recognized bacterial species. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the association of 13 more recently identified bacterial species in a new panel in comparison with 12 previously more recognized periodontotopathogens ('old panel') using the 'checkerboard' DNA-DNA hybridization method. METHODS Fifty individuals were chosen who showed at least one site with a probing pocket depth of 6 mm or more (disease) and bleeding on probing and at least one site with a probing pocket depth of 3 mm and without bleeding on probing (health). One diseased and one healthy site on each individual were sampled with the paperpoint technique and the samples were processed in the checkerboard technique against deoxigenin-labeled whole genomic probes to 25 subgingival species representing 12 well recognized and 13 newly identified periodontitis associated species. RESULTS Twenty-four (out of 25) species were detected more frequently in the subgingival plaque of diseased than healthy sites both at score 1 (> 10(4)) and score 3 (> 10(5)). A significant difference at the higher score (score 3) was noticed for all species of the old panel except for three (Streptococcus intermedius, Selenomonas noxia, and Eikenella corrodens). Of the species in the new panel only Prevotella tannerae, Filifactor alocis, and Porphyromonas endodontalis showed a statistical significant difference between diseased and healthy sites. CONCLUSION It was concluded that P. tannerae, F. alocis, and P. endodontalis should be added to the 12 species used for routine diagnostics of periodontitis-associated bacterial flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dahlén
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy of Göteborg University, Sweden.
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Sawamoto Y, Sugano N, Tanaka H, Ito K. Detection of periodontopathic bacteria and an oxidative stress marker in saliva from periodontitis patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 20:216-20. [PMID: 15943765 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2005.00215.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the salivary levels of periodontopathic bacteria and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in patients with periodontitis. The salivary levels of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia (formerly Bacteroides forsythus) were assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The 8-OHdG levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The salivary levels of 8-OHdG, P. gingivalis, and T. forsythia in the periodontitis patients were significantly higher than those in healthy subjects. By contrast, the A. actinomycetemcomitans level in healthy subjects was higher than that in periodontitis patients. 8-OHdG was significantly correlated with P. gingivalis. Statistically significant decreases in the levels of P. gingivalis, probing depth, bleeding on probing, and 8-OHdG were observed after initial periodontal treatment. These results suggest that the 8-OHdG levels in saliva reflect the load of periodontal pathogens. 8-OHdG could be a useful biomarker for assessing periodontal status accurately, and for evaluating the efficacy of periodontal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sawamoto
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Gomes BPFA, Jacinto RC, Pinheiro ET, Sousa ELR, Zaia AA, Ferraz CCR, Souza-Filho FJ. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens in endodontic lesions detected by culture and by PCR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 20:211-5. [PMID: 15943764 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2005.00214.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
he aim of this study was to investigate the presence of four black-pigmented bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens, in endodontic infections by culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses. Microbial samples were obtained from 50 teeth with untreated necrotic pulps (primary infection) and from 50 teeth with failing endodontic treatment (secondary infection). Microbiological strict anaerobic techniques were used for serial dilution, plating, incubation, and identification. For PCR detection, the samples were analyzed using species-specific primers of 16S rDNA and the downstream intergenic spacer region. Culture and PCR detected the test species in 13/100 and 50/100 of the study teeth, respectively. The organisms were cultured from 11/50 (22%) of primarily infected root canal samples and from 2/50 (4%) of secondary root canal samples. PCR detection identified the target species in 32/50 (64%) and 18/50 (36%) of primary and secondary infections, respectively. P. gingivalis was rarely isolated by culture methods (1%), but was the most frequently identified test species by PCR (38%). Similarly, P. endodontalis was not recovered by culture from any tooth studied, but was detected by PCR in 25% of the sampled teeth. PCR-based identification also showed higher detection rates of P. intermedia (33%) and P. nigrescens (22%) than culture (13%). In conclusion, P. gingivalis, P. endodontalis, P. intermedia, and P. nigrescens were identified more frequently in teeth with necrotic pulp than in teeth with failing endodontic treatment. Also, a higher frequency of black-pigmented species was detected by PCR than by culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P F A Gomes
- Endodontic Area, Dental School of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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Abstract
It has been established that the bacterial diversity in any given environment is severely underestimated when assessed by means of culture-based techniques. Yet, almost all currently available knowledge related to the periodontal microbiota in health and disease has been generated either by culture-based surveys or by methods that require prior species identification by culture. A handful of recent studies using culture-independent molecular methods providing 16S rRNA sequences for both cultivable and not yet cultivated species of human periodontal bacteria demonstrated a high bacterial diversity in the oral cavity. It has been estimated that approximately 500 species may colonize the human oral cavity, half of which have been cultivated to date. A review of the available epidemiological data on the prevalence of certain periodontal microbiota on a population level reveals considerable variation in estimates with respect to 1) sampling strategy, 2) mode of bacterial identification, and 3) race/ethnicity of the studied population. Nevertheless, specific bacterial profiles appear to confer high odds ratios for pathological periodontal conditions and/or progressive periodontal disease. However, the currently recognized periodontal pathogens are commonly recovered from periodontally healthy children, and their carrier rate in adults is substantial. Virulent clones, such as a highly leukotoxic strain of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, have been found to be closely associated with aggressive forms of periodontitis. In conclusion, while the majority of the periodontal microbiota are commensals, a subset of likely opportunistic pathogens fulfills the epidemiologic requirements needed in order to be ascribed as risk/causative factors. Given the large proportion of the periodontal microbial habitat that is currently insufficiently explored, and assuming that the hitherto uncultivated segment of the bacterial community will include similar levels of pathogenic species, the list of periodontal pathogens should be expected to expand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panos N Papapanou
- Division of Periodontics, Columbia University School of Dental and Oral Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Ellen
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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47
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McGurkin-Smith R, Trope M, Caplan D, Sigurdsson A. Reduction of Intracanal Bacteria Using GT Rotary Instrumentation, 5.25% NaOCl, EDTA, and Ca(OH)2. J Endod 2005; 31:359-63. [PMID: 15851929 DOI: 10.1097/01.don.0000145035.85272.7c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the bacterial reduction using Profile GT files and a strict irrigation protocol utilizing 5.25% NaOCl and EDTA. The additive antibacterial effect of Ca(OH)2 was also evaluated. In addition, the study compared the bacterial reduction with the GT protocol versus larger instrumentation. Thirty-one subjects with apical periodontitis were recruited. Bacterial samples were taken upon access (S1), after instrumentation and a strict irrigation protocol (S2), and following >1 wk of Ca(OH)2 (SC). A log10 transformation of colony forming units was done since sample bacterial counts are not normally distributed. At S1, 93.55% of canals sampled bacteria. At S2, 52.72% of the cases sampled bacteria. At SC, 14% of the cases cultured bacteria. The McNemar test showed a significant reduction (p<0.0009) in bacteria between S1 and S2. This was also true between S2 and SC (p<0.0019). It was concluded the GT protocol significantly reduced the number of bacteria in the canal but failed to render the canal bacteria free in more than half of the cases Ca(OH)2 application significantly further reduced bacteria. Lastly, large apical instrumentation removed more bacteria than small apical instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin McGurkin-Smith
- Department of Endodontics, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Yang HW, Huang YF, Chou MY. Occurrence of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythensis in periodontally diseased and healthy subjects. J Periodontol 2004; 75:1077-83. [PMID: 15455734 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2004.75.8.1077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence and level of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Tannerella forsythensis (T. forsythensis) in subgingival plaque samples from both healthy individuals and periodontal patients in different age groups. METHODS A total of 498 subgingival plaque samples were studied. These samples were collected from 407 individuals diagnosed with periodontal disease (210 adult periodontitis [AP], 78 rapidly progressive periodontitis [RPP], and 119 refractory periodontitis [Ref-P] cases) and 91 healthy (H) subjects. P. gingivalis and T. forsythensis were detected by indirect immunofluorescent assay using species-specific polyclonal antisera to P. gingivalis strain (FDC 381) and T. forsythensis strain (FDC 335). The prevalence of P. gingivalis and T. forsythensis was compared by chi-square analysis. Differences in P. gingivalis and T. forsythensis levels among various periodontal status and age groups was determined by one-way analysis of variance and Fisher's multiple comparison tests. The association between the presence of P. gingivalis or T. forsythensis in different periodontal status and age groups was measured using odds ratios. RESULTS P. gingivalis was found in 85.7% (P < 0.0001) and T. forsythensis in 60.7% (P = 0.0002) of diseased subjects compared to 23.1% and 39.6%, respectively, in healthy subjects. P. gingivalis, but not T. forsythensis, was detected more frequently in any diseased group than in the H group in every age group (P<0.0001). No significant difference was found in the prevalence of P. gingivalis and T. forsythensis among age groups, except T. forsythensis was more prevalent in the age group of 40 to 59 years than in the age group < 20 years (chi2 = 3.93, P = 0.047) in the H group. The mean level of P. gingivalis and T. forsythensis was significantly higher in diseased groups than in the H group (P < 0.0001). The odds ratio for P. gingivalis in the AP group (25.0) was greater than any other group for P. gingivalis or T. forsythensis compared to the H group. CONCLUSIONS These data suggested that P. gingivalis is closely associated with the pathogenesis of periodontitis and that it may not be a normal inhabitant of periodontally healthy subjects. T. forsythensis is also important in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease; however, whether it causes periodontal disease or is a secondary invader of periodontal lesions remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wen Yang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Kawada M, Yoshida A, Suzuki N, Nakano Y, Saito T, Oho T, Koga T. Prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis in relation to periodontal status assessed by real-time PCR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 19:289-92. [PMID: 15327639 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2004.00154.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have examined the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis in periodontal pockets. However, monitoring the number of bacterial cells is difficult. In this study, we performed quantitative analyses of P. gingivalis to clarify the relationship between the numbers of this organism and periodontal status. Using the TaqMan real-time PCR system, we found a significant positive correlation (P < 0.0001) between the number of P. gingivalis and pocket depth. The slope of the regression line indicated that for every 1-mm increase in pocket depth, the number of P. gingivalis increased 10- fold. There was also a significant reduction (P < 0.01) in the numbers of P. gingivalis before and after treatment. These results suggest that the absolute and relative numbers of P. gingivalis are closely associated with periodontal status, and that quantitative analysis of this organism is important for the evaluation of periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kawada
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
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Kamma JJ, Nakou M, Gmür R, Baehni PC. Microbiological profile of early onset/aggressive periodontitis patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 19:314-21. [PMID: 15327644 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2004.00161.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to characterize the bacterial profile and to seek possible bacterial associations in the subgingival microbiota of early onset periodontitis/aggressive periodontitis patients by using two different techniques, culture and immunofluorescence. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study group consisted of 66 systemically healthy individuals with evidence of early onset periodontitis - 41 females and 25 males aged 23-35 years (mean 31.1 +/- 3.1 years). Bacterial samples were collected from the deepest site in each quadrant, resulting in a total of 264 sites with a mean probing pocket depth of 6.6 +/- 1.5 mm. Samples were cultured anaerobically and in 10% CO(2) using selective and nonselective media, and isolates were characterized to species level. Indirect immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies was applied to detect Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia (Bacteroides forsythus, Tannerella forsythensis), Prevotella intermedia/Prevotella nigrescens, Campylobacter rectus, Peptostreptococcus micros and Actinomyces israelii. RESULTS 93.6% of sampled sites showed bleeding on probing and 23.5% were positive for suppuration. P. intermedia/P. nigrescens, P. gingivalis, and C. rectus were detected in 77.3-85.9% of samples using culture methods and in 85.6-91.3% using immunofluorescence. P. micros and A. actinomycetemcomitans were found, respectively, in 63.3% and 25.0% of all sites using culturing and in 58.7% and 27.7% sites using immunofluorescence. Significantly strong positive associations were observed between T. forsythia and C. rectus (odds ratio 109.46), and T. forsythia and P. gingivalis (odd ratio 90.26), whereas a negative association was seen between P. intermedia/P. nigrescens and A. actinomycetemcomitans (odds ratio 0.42). Coinfection by P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, P. intermedia/P. nigrescens and C. rectus was observed in 62.1% of the test sites, and in 89.4% of the studied subjects. The sensitivity of immunofluorescence for T. forsythia, C. rectus, P. intermedia/P. nigrescens and P. gingivalis was found to be very high (0.99-0.94) using culture as the reference detection method. The agreement between culture and immunofluorescence in detecting the presence or absence of the investigated species was 85.2-88.1% for P. gingivalis, P. intermedia/P. nigrescens, C. rectus, and T. forsythia, 75.9% for A. actinomycetemcomitans and 70.4% for P. micros. CONCLUSIONS The microbial profile of the early onset/aggressive periodontitis population was complex. The agreement between the two detection methods was very high.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Kamma
- Laboratory of Periodontology, Department of Periodontology, University of Athens, Greece.
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