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Boodman C, Gupta N, van Griensven J, Van Bortel W. Bartonella quintana detection among arthropods and their hosts: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:328. [PMID: 39095833 PMCID: PMC11295871 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06413-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bartonella quintana is a body louse-borne bacterium causing bacteremia and infective endocarditis. We aimed to describe B. quintana detection among arthropods and their hosts. METHODS We searched databases in PubMed Central/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science from January 1, 1915 (the year of B. quintana discovery) to January 1, 2024, to identify publications containing specific search terms relating to B. quintana detection among arthropods. Descriptive statistics and meta-analysis of pooled prevalence using random-effects models were performed for all arthropods and body and head lice. RESULTS Of 1265 records, 62 articles were included, describing 8839 body lice, 4962 head lice, and 1692 other arthropods, such as different species of fleas, bedbugs, mites, and ticks. Arthropods were collected from 37 countries, of which 28 had arthropods with B. quintana DNA. Among articles that reported B. quintana detection among individual arthropods, 1445 of 14,088 (0.1026, 95% CI [0.0976; 0.1077]) arthropods tested positive for B. quintana DNA, generating a random-effects model global prevalence of 0.0666 (95% CI [0.0426; 0.1026]). Fifty-six studies tested 8839 body lice, of which 1679 had B. quintana DNA (0.1899, 95% CI [0.1818; 0.1983]), generating a random-effects model pooled prevalence of 0.2312 (95% CI [0.1784; 0.2843]). Forty-two studies tested 4962 head lice, of which 390 head lice from 20 studies originating from 11 different countries had B. quintana DNA (0.0786, 95% CI [0.0713; 0.0864]). Eight studies detected B. quintana DNA exclusively on head lice. Five studies reported greater B. quintana detection on head lice than body lice; all originated from low-resource environments. CONCLUSIONS Bartonella quintana is a vector-borne bacterium with a global distribution, disproportionately affecting marginalized populations. Bartonella quintana DNA has been detected in many different arthropod species, though not all of these arthropods meet criteria to be considered vectors for B. quintana transmission. Body lice have long been known to transmit B. quintana. A limited number of studies suggest that head lice may also act as possible vectors for B. quintana in specific low-resource contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Boodman
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Nitin Gupta
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Infectious Disease, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Boodman C, Gupta N, Nelson CA, van Griensven J. Bartonella quintana Endocarditis: A Systematic Review of Individual Cases. Clin Infect Dis 2024; 78:554-561. [PMID: 37976173 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bartonella quintana is a louse-borne bacterium that remains a neglected cause of endocarditis in low-resource settings. Our understanding of risk factors, clinical manifestations, and treatment of B. quintana endocarditis are biased by older studies from high-income countries. METHODS We searched Pubmed Central, Medline, Scopus, Embase, EBSCO (CABI) Global Health, Web of Science and international trial registers for articles published before March 2023 with terms related to Bartonella quintana endocarditis. We included articles containing case-level information on B. quintana endocarditis and extracted data related to patient demographics, clinical features, diagnostic testing, treatment, and outcome. RESULTS A total of 975 records were identified, of which 569 duplicates were removed prior to screening. In total, 84 articles were eligible for inclusion, describing a total of 167 cases. Infections were acquired in 40 different countries; 62 cases (37.1%) were acquired in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Disproportionately more female and pediatric patients were from LMICs. More patients presented with heart failure (n = 70/167 [41.9%]) than fever (n = 65/167 [38.9%]). Mean time from symptom onset to presentation was 5.1 months. Also, 25.7% of cases (n = 43/167) were associated with embolization, most commonly to the spleen and brain; 65.5% of antimicrobial regimens included doxycycline. The vast majority of cases underwent valve replacement surgery (n = 154/167, [98.0%]). Overall case fatality rate was 9.6% (n = 16/167). CONCLUSIONS B. quintana endocarditis has a global distribution, and long delays between symptom onset and presentation frequently occur. Improved clinician education and diagnostic capacity are needed to screen at-risk populations and identify infection before endocarditis develops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Boodman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Unit of HIV and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nitin Gupta
- Department of Infectious Disease, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Christina A Nelson
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Johan van Griensven
- Unit of HIV and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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Swarath S, Maharaj N, Kawall T, Seecheran R, Seecheran V, Giddings S, Seecheran NA. Culture-Negative Endocarditis in an Immunocompromised Patient: A Case of Suspected Bartonella and Coxiella Co-Infection. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2023; 11:23247096231192811. [PMID: 37559398 PMCID: PMC10413893 DOI: 10.1177/23247096231192811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the case of a 23-year-old man with a previous deceased-donor renal transplant maintained on tacrolimus and prednisone who developed culture-negative endocarditis (CNE) of the mitral and aortic valves. He was suspected of being co-infected with Bartonella henselae and Coxiella burnetii, confirmed with serology testing. He was successfully managed with appropriate antibiotics and dual valve replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Swarath
- North Central Regional Health Authority, Mt. Hope, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Nicole Maharaj
- North Central Regional Health Authority, Mt. Hope, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Tiffany Kawall
- North Central Regional Health Authority, Mt. Hope, Trinidad and Tobago
| | | | - Valmiki Seecheran
- North Central Regional Health Authority, Mt. Hope, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Stanley Giddings
- The University of the West Indies, Street Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
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Yu J, Xie B, Bi GY, Zuo HH, Du XY, Bi LF, Li DM, Rao HX. Prevalence and diversity of small rodent-associated Bartonella species in Shangdang Basin, China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010446. [PMID: 35648747 PMCID: PMC9159596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and molecular characteristics of Bartonella infections in small rodents in the Shangdang Basin, China. Small rodents were captured using snap traps, and their liver, spleen, and kidney tissues were harvested for Bartonella detection and identification using a combination of real-time PCR of the ssrA gene (296 bp) and conventional PCR and sequencing of the gltA gene (379 bp). Results showed that 55 of 147 small rodents to be positive for Bartonella, with a positivity rate of 37.41%, and 95% confidence interval of 29.50%- 45.33%. While the positivity rate across genders (42.62% in males and 33.72% in females, χ2 = 1.208, P = 0.272) and tissues (28.57% in liver, 33.59% in spleen, and 36.76% in kidney, χ2 = 2.197, P = 0.333) of small rodents was not statistically different, that in different habitats (5.13% in villages, 84.44% in forests, and 54.17% in farmlands, χ2 = 80.105, P<0.001) was statistically different. There were 42 Bartonella sequences identified in six species, including 30 B. grahamii, three B. phoceensis, two B. japonica, two B. queenslandensis, one B. fuyuanensis and four unknown Bartonella species from Niviventer confucianus, Apodemus agrarius and Tscherskia triton. In addition to habitat, Bartonella species infection could be affected by the rodent species as well. Among the Bartonella species detected in this area, B. grahamii was the dominant epidemic species (accounting for 71.43%). B. grahamii exhibited four distinct clusters, and showed a certain host specificity. In addition, 11 haplotypes of B. grahamii were observed using DNASP 6.12.03, among which nine haplotypes were novel. Overall, high occurrence and genetic diversity of Bartonella were observed among small rodents in the Shangdang Basin; this information could potentially help the prevention and control of rodent-Bartonella species in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Bing Xie
- Department of Nursing, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Ge-Yue Bi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Hui-Hui Zuo
- Department of Teaching and Scientific Research, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Xia-Yan Du
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Li-Fang Bi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Dong-Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (DML); (HXR)
| | - Hua-Xiang Rao
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
- * E-mail: (DML); (HXR)
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Guo S, Pottanat ND, Herrmann JL, Schamberger MS. Bartonella endocarditis and diffuse crescentic proliferative glomerulonephritis with a full-house pattern of immune complex deposition. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:181. [PMID: 35549887 PMCID: PMC9097344 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02811-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bartonella endocarditis is often a diagnostic challenge due to its variable clinical manifestations, especially when it is first presented with involvement of organs other than skin and lymph nodes, such as the kidney. Case presentation This was a 13-year-old girl presenting with fever, chest and abdominal pain, acute kidney injury, nephrotic-range proteinuria and low complement levels. Her kidney biopsy showed diffuse crescentic proliferative glomerulonephritis with a full-house pattern of immune complex deposition shown by immunofluorescence, which was initially considered consistent with systemic lupus erythematous-associated glomerulonephritis (lupus nephritis). After extensive workup, Bartonella endocarditis was diagnosed. Antibiotic treatment and valvular replacement surgery were undertaken with subsequent return of kidney function to normal range. Conclusion This case demonstrates the importance of considering the full clinical picture when interpreting clinical, laboratory and biopsy findings, because the treatment strategy for infective endocarditis versus lupus nephritis is drastically different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunhua Guo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 350 W. 11th street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Neha D Pottanat
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jeremy L Herrmann
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Marcus S Schamberger
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Yu J, Zhang XY, Chen YX, Cheng HB, Li DM, Rao HX. Molecular detection and genetic characterization of small rodents associated Bartonella species in Zhongtiao Mountain, China. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264591. [PMID: 35226692 PMCID: PMC8884503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and molecular characteristics of Bartonella infections in small rodents in the Zhongtiao Mountain, China have been explored. In this study, the liver, spleen and kidney tissues of captured rodents were used for Bartonella spp. detection and identification by combination of real-time PCR of transfer-mRNA (ssrA) gene and traditional PCR and sequencing of citrate synthase (gltA) gene. It was shown that 49.52% of the rodents (52/105) were positive for Bartonella spp.. The infection rate in different gender (χ2 = 0.079, P = 0.778) and tissues (χ2 = 0.233, P = 0.890) of small rodents did not have statistical difference, but that in different small rodents (Fisher's exact test, P < 0.001) and habitats (χ2 = 5.483, P = 0.019) had statistical difference. And, the sequencing data suggests that Bartonella sequences (n = 31) were identified into three species, including 14 of B. grahamii, 3 of B. queenslandensis and 14 of unknown Bartonella species. Phylogenetic analysis showed that B. grahamii sequences were clustered with the isolates from South Korea and China, and B. queenslandensis sequences were mainly closely related to the isolates from China and Thailand. The genetic diversity analysis showed that B. grahamii and B. queenslandensis sequences exhibited noticeable intraspecies diversity. Taken together our data demonstrates the high prevalence and genetic diversity of Bartonella infections in small rodents in the Zhongtiao Mountain, especially a potential novel Bartonella specie was detected, which could benefit the prevention and control of rodent-Bartonella species in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiong-Ying Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Yun-Xia Chen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Hong-Bing Cheng
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Dong-Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hua-Xiang Rao
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
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7
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Robert M, Lecomte R, Michel M, Guimbretiere G, Croizier G, Corvec S, Leroy A. Bartonella quintana infective endocarditis in a homeless man with unexpected positive blood culture. IDCases 2022; 30:e01647. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2022.e01647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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8
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Ding F, Shrestha NK, Chetrit M, Verma B, Gordon S, Pettersson GB, Unai S, Griffin BP, Xu B. Clinical and Echocardiographic Characteristics of Bartonella Infective Endocarditis: An 8-Year Single-Centre Experience in the United States. Heart Lung Circ 2021; 31:350-357. [PMID: 34456130 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infective endocarditis due to Bartonella species is rare. The clinical and echocardiographic characteristics are not well defined. We aimed to investigate the clinical and echocardiographic findings of Bartonella endocarditis in the contemporary era. METHODS The infective endocarditis (IE) registry and echocardiographic database at our institution were retrospectively analysed to evaluate the clinical and echocardiographic features of Bartonella endocarditis. RESULTS Between January 2008 and December 2015, there were 11 patients with Bartonella IE (0.84% among a total of 1,308 cases of definite IE): median age 54 (30-69) years, all male, 9 Caucasian, 10 had a history of cat exposure, 10 had a pre-existing valvulopathy including 6 patients with a prosthetic valve with prosthesis age range between 3 to 5 years and 1 patient with implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). Bartonella henselae was responsible for all the cases. Echocardiographic evidence of IE was found in 6 of 11 patients on transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), and 6 of 8 on transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Bartonella IE was associated with significant valvular destruction and dysfunction on echocardiography. Nine (9) patients were managed surgically with excellent outcomes, including two patients who failed initial medical therapy. Two (2) patients who were managed medically had progression of valvular dysfunction. At a median follow-up of 6 months, there were no deaths attributable to IE or other cardiovascular causes. CONCLUSION In a contemporary single-centre cohort in the United States, Bartonella IE remains rare, but should be considered when pathogen could not be identified in patients with suspected IE, especially those with prosthetic valves or bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). The vast majority of patients with Bartonella IE were managed surgically with excellent outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihong Ding
- Department of Hospital Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nabin K Shrestha
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael Chetrit
- Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Beni Verma
- Department of Hospital Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Steven Gordon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gösta B Pettersson
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shinya Unai
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Brian P Griffin
- Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bo Xu
- Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Godfrey R, Curtis S, Schilling WH, James PR. Blood culture negative endocarditis in the modern era of 16S rRNA sequencing. Clin Med (Lond) 2021; 20:412-416. [PMID: 32675149 DOI: 10.7861/clinmed.2019-0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Blood culture negative endocarditis (BCNE) accounts for up to 20% of infective endocarditis. While the most common cause of BCNE remains the initiation of antibiotics prior to culture, intracellular organisms such as Coxiella and Bartonella spp account for a significant proportion of cases. Identifying the infecting organism remains important to ensure optimal antimicrobial treatment. However, these organisms can be difficult to diagnose. We outline a systematic approach to BCNE. Over half of patients with infective endocarditis now undergo early surgery and 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of excised tissue can be vitally important to secure a diagnosis. Molecular testing is likely to become a key tool in improving outcomes from BCNE and contribute to an improved understanding of the aetiology. We advocate modifying the Duke criteria to incorporate organisms identified on molecular testing, including 16S rRNA PCR, in particular from explanted tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sally Curtis
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
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10
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Okaro U, George S, Anderson B. What Is in a Cat Scratch? Growth of Bartonella henselae in a Biofilm. Microorganisms 2021; 9:835. [PMID: 33919891 PMCID: PMC8070961 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bartonella henselae (B. henselae) is a gram-negative bacterium that causes cat scratch disease, bacteremia, and endocarditis, as well as other clinical presentations. B. henselae has been shown to form a biofilm in vitro that likely plays a role in the establishment and persistence of the bacterium in the host. Biofilms are also known to form in the cat flea vector; hence, the ability of this bacterium to form a biofilm has broad biological significance. The release of B. henselae from a biofilm niche appears to be important in disease persistence and relapse in the vertebrate host but also in transmission by the cat flea vector. It has been shown that the BadA adhesin of B. henselae is critical for adherence and biofilm formation. Thus, the upregulation of badA is important in initiating biofilm formation, and down-regulation is important in the release of the bacterium from the biofilm. We summarize the current knowledge of biofilm formation in Bartonella species and the role of BadA in biofilm formation. We discuss the evidence that defines possible mechanisms for the regulation of the genes required for biofilm formation. We further describe the regulation of those genes in the conditions that mimic both the arthropod vector and the mammalian host for B. henselae. The treatment for persistent B. henselae infection remains a challenge; hence, a better understanding of the mechanisms by which this bacterium persists in its host is critical to inform future efforts to develop drugs to treat such infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udoka Okaro
- Foundational Sciences Directorate, Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Sierra George
- Department of Molecular Medicine, MDC7, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Burt Anderson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, MDC7, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
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López-Valencia D, Medina-Ortega ÁP, Hoyos-Samboní DF, Salguero C, Vásquez-Arteaga LR. Pediculosis capitis y transmisión potencial de enfermedades infecciosas reemergentes en Colombia. Revisión de la literatura. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA 2020. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v68n2.76604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción. La infestación por piojos de la cabeza en humanos (Pediculus humanus capitis) se conoce como pediculosis capitis. Estos parásitos pueden ser vectores de enfermedades infecciosas con potencial reemergente.Objetivos. Revisar la literatura actual sobre las enfermedades infecciosas transmitidas por piojos de la cabeza y realizar una breve descripción de sus manifestaciones clínicas.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura en PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO y Redalyc mediante la siguiente estrategia de búsqueda: años de publicación: 1938 a 2019; idioma: inglés y español; términos de búsqueda: “Pediculus”, “lice infestations”, “bacteria”, “emerging communicable diseases”, “Rickettsia”, “Bartonella”, “Borrelia”, “Acinetobacter”, “Yersinia“, and “Colombia”, y sus equivalentes en español.Resultados. De los 110 artículos incluidos, la mayoría correspondió a investigaciones originales (48.2%). A nivel mundial, numerosos estudios han reportado la transmisión de Rickettsia prowazekii, Bartonella quintana, Borrelia recurrentis, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii y Yersinia pestis, entre otras bacterias, por los piojos de la cabeza y del cuerpo en humanos.Conclusiones. Aunque las enfermedades infecciosas transmitidas por piojos de la cabeza son raras, guardan potencial reemergente en poblaciones afectadas por migraciones humanas, crisis sociopolíticas, indigencia e inmunosupresión. En Colombia no se han realizado investigaciones sobre la transmisión de estas enfermedades por Pediculus spp., por lo que se sugiere que en estudios futuros se determine la prevalencia y los aspectos epidemiológicos de las enfermedades transmitidas por piojos de la cabeza en población colombiana.
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Lam JC, Fonseca K, Pabbaraju K, Meatherall BL. Case Report: Bartonella quintana Endocarditis Outside of the Europe-African Gradient: Comprehensive Review of Cases within North America. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 100:1125-1129. [PMID: 30793686 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical syndromes associated with Bartonella quintana infection can be insidious and difficult to diagnose for multiple reasons. Clinically, B. quintana can manifest as asymptomatic bacteremia or with subtle subacute constitutional symptoms. Second, it is a fastidious organism that is difficult to identify using traditional culture methods. Last, the body lice vector of B. quintana transmission is likely not uncommon in most patients affected, who are homeless and of low socioeconomic status. Therefore, barriers in seeking medical care and financial constraints for medications are important considerations. The mainstay of literature surrounding B. quintana endocarditis is from Europe and the developing nations. Herein, we describe a case of native valve endocarditis secondary to B. quintana in a homeless male with preexisting valvular disease and undertake a comprehensive literature review of documented B. quintana endocarditis in North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Lam
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Kevin Fonseca
- Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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13
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Bannon L, Choshen G, Giladi M, Ablin J. B artonella endocarditis masquerading as systemic vasculitis with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (aka 'Löhlein nephritis'). BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/12/e231413. [PMID: 31801777 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-231413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartonella species are fastidious, Gram-negative aerobic rods and a well-recognised pathogen responsible for culture-negative endocarditis. The histopathological appearance of glomerulonephritis (GN) caused by Bartonella endocarditis may include a pauci-immune GN similar to that usually seen in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis. Herein, we present an unusual case report of Bartonella endocarditis masquerading as ANCA-positive vasculitis, with crescentic GN. A 66-year-old woman, who had undergone aortic valve replacement 2 years prior to admission, presented with confusion and loss of vision in her right nasal field. Following an extensive diagnostic evaluation, the main findings were right central retinal artery occlusion, ground-glass appearance on chest CT and ANCA-positive, anti PR-3 negative, rapidly progressive GN. The patient was scheduled to start treatment with rituximab for presumed ANCA-positive GN, when a positive serological test for Bartonella henselae was received. In view of this result, a diagnosis of endocarditis was made, based on fulfilment of five Duke minor criteria, namely fever, predisposition, arterial emboli, immunological phenomena and serological evidence of active infection with an organism consistent with infective endocarditis. Immunosuppressive treatment was withheld and antibiotic treatment initiated. This case report emphasises the need for maintaining a high index of suspicion regarding the diagnosis of Bartonella infection, which might mimic ANCA-associated GN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Bannon
- Internal Medicine H, Tel Aviv Ichilov-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Guy Choshen
- Internal Medicine H, Tel Aviv Ichilov-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Giladi
- The Infectious Disease Unit, Tel Aviv Ichilov-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jacob Ablin
- Internal Medicine H, Tel Aviv Ichilov-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Mohammadian M, Butt S. Endocarditis caused by Bartonella Quintana, a rare case in the United States. IDCases 2019; 17:e00533. [PMID: 31384552 PMCID: PMC6667705 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2019.e00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartonella quintana is a relatively rare cause of endocarditis in the United States (USA). Historically it was linked with trench fever, but cardiac involvement seems to be more prevalent recently. There are some known risk factors associated with Bartonella quintana endocarditis such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, alcoholism, homelessness and poor hygiene. We report a case of 37-year-old African man, with culture negative endocarditis, emboli and rising B. quintana and B. henselae IgG titers. B. quintana DNA was subsequently detected from the mitral valve sample with 16S rRNA gene and ribC primer sets. Eventually, blood culture for B. quintana was positive after 21 days. Patient was successfully treated with doxycycline and gentamicin. There have been a few cases of B. quintana endocarditis in the USA and most of them were associated with HIV infection, homelessness or alcoholism. The case reported here highlights the importance of high clinical suspicious for Bartonella species in blood culture negative endocarditis in the USA in appropriate setting and will help to increase awareness among physicians for early diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saira Butt
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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15
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Babiker A, El Hag MI, Perez C. Bartonella Infectious Endocarditis Associated With Cryoglobulinemia and Multifocal Proliferative Glomerulonephritis. Open Forum Infect Dis 2018; 5:ofy186. [PMID: 30151411 PMCID: PMC6101537 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofy186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartonella sp. are a common cause of culture-negative infective endocarditis. Glomerulonephritis is a well-documented consequence of the immune activation associated with infective endocarditis. However, Cryoglobulinemia has not previously been reported in association with Bartonella infective endocarditis. Below we report a case of a 48-year-old male with Bartonella henselae infective endocarditis complicated by cryoglobulinemia and multifocal proliferative glomerulonephritis, highlighting a possible link between Bartonella sp. infection and type III cryoglobulinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Babiker
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mohammed I El Hag
- Department of Hepatic and Transplantation Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Christian Perez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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16
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Nakasu A, Ishimine T, Yasumoto H, Tengan T, Mototake H. Infective endocarditis associated with Bartonella henselae: A case series. IDCases 2018; 12:127-129. [PMID: 29942769 PMCID: PMC6010976 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms in the genus Bartonella are cause of blood culture-negative endocarditis. Bartonella infective endocarditis is being increasingly reported worldwide; however, reports from Japan are limited. Here, we report five cases of infective endocarditis associated with Bartonella henselae. All patients had a history of contact with cats or fleas; this information helped achieve an appropriate diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Nakasu
- Corresponding author at: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okinawa Chubu Hospital, 281 Azamiyazato, Uruma, Okinawa, 904-2293, Japan.
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17
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Tasher D, Raucher-Sternfeld A, Tamir A, Giladi M, Somekh E. Bartonella quintana, an Unrecognized Cause of Infective Endocarditis in Children in Ethiopia. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 23. [PMID: 28730981 PMCID: PMC5547792 DOI: 10.3201/eid2308.161037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartonella quintana endocarditis, a common cause of culture-negative endocarditis in adults, has rarely been reported in children. We describe 5 patients 7-16 years of age from Ethiopia with heart defects and endocarditis; 4 cases were caused by infection with B. quintana and 1 by Bartonella of undetermined species. All 5 patients were afebrile and oligosymptomatic, although 3 had heart failure. C-reactive protein was normal or slightly elevated, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate was high. The diagnosis was confirmed by echocardiographic demonstration of vegetations, the presence of high Bartonella IgG titers, and identification of B. quintana DNA in excised vegetations. Embolic events were diagnosed in 2 patients. Our data suggest that B. quintana is not an uncommon cause of native valve endocarditis in children in Ethiopia with heart defects and that possible B. quintana infection should be suspected and pursued among residents of and immigrants from East Africa, including Ethiopia, with culture-negative endocarditis.
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Abstract
Since the reclassification of the genus Bartonella in 1993, the number of species has grown from 1 to 45 currently designated members. Likewise, the association of different Bartonella species with human disease continues to grow, as does the range of clinical presentations associated with these bacteria. Among these, blood-culture-negative endocarditis stands out as a common, often undiagnosed, clinical presentation of infection with several different Bartonella species. The limitations of laboratory tests resulting in this underdiagnosis of Bartonella endocarditis are discussed. The varied clinical picture of Bartonella infection and a review of clinical aspects of endocarditis caused by Bartonella are presented. We also summarize the current knowledge of the molecular basis of Bartonella pathogenesis, focusing on surface adhesins in the two Bartonella species that most commonly cause endocarditis, B. henselae and B. quintana. We discuss evidence that surface adhesins are important factors for autoaggregation and biofilm formation by Bartonella species. Finally, we propose that biofilm formation is a critical step in the formation of vegetative masses during Bartonella-mediated endocarditis and represents a potential reservoir for persistence by these bacteria.
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19
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Papineni P, Carroll A, Radvan J, Hemsley C, Chambers J, Cortes N, Harrison T, Klein JL. Management of Bartonella Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis without Cardiac Surgery. Emerg Infect Dis 2017; 23:861-863. [PMID: 28418306 PMCID: PMC5403028 DOI: 10.3201/eid2305.161238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Two cases of Bartonella prosthetic valve endocarditis were cured when treated for 2 weeks with gentamicin and 3 months with doxycycline. Clinical cure correlated with decreased Bartonella antibody titers. This report suggests a strategy to monitor, treat, and cure Bartonella prosthetic valve endocarditis.
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20
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Raybould JE, Raybould AL, Morales MK, Zaheer M, Lipkowitz MS, Timpone JG, Kumar PN. Bartonella Endocarditis and Pauci-Immune Glomerulonephritis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2016; 24:254-260. [PMID: 27885316 PMCID: PMC5098464 DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000000384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Among culture-negative endocarditis in the United States, Bartonella species are the most common cause, with Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana comprising the majority of cases. Kidney manifestations, particularly glomerulonephritis, are common sequelae of infectious endocarditis, with nearly half of all Bartonella patients demonstrating renal involvement. Although a pauci-immune pattern is a frequent finding in infectious endocarditis-associated glomerulonephritis, it is rarely reported in Bartonella endocarditis. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) positivity can be seen with many pathogens causing endocarditis and has been previously reported with Bartonella species. In addition, ANCA-associated vasculitis can also present with renal and cardiac involvement, including noninfectious valvular vegetations and pauci-immune glomerulonephritis. Given the overlap in their clinical presentation, it is difficult to differentiate between Bartonella endocarditis and ANCA-associated vasculitis but imperative to do so to guide management decisions. We present a case of ANCA-positive Bartonella endocarditis with associated pauci-immune glomerulonephritis that was successfully treated with medical management alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian E Raybould
- Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, Washington, DC; †The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Hospital, Chapel Hill, NC; and ‡Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Washington, DC
| | - Alison L Raybould
- Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, Washington, DC; †The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Hospital, Chapel Hill, NC; and ‡Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Washington, DC
| | - Megan K Morales
- Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, Washington, DC; †The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Hospital, Chapel Hill, NC; and ‡Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Washington, DC
| | - Misbah Zaheer
- Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, Washington, DC; †The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Hospital, Chapel Hill, NC; and ‡Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Washington, DC
| | - Michael S Lipkowitz
- Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, Washington, DC; †The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Hospital, Chapel Hill, NC; and ‡Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Washington, DC
| | - Joseph G Timpone
- Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, Washington, DC; †The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Hospital, Chapel Hill, NC; and ‡Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Washington, DC
| | - Princy N Kumar
- Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, Washington, DC; †The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Hospital, Chapel Hill, NC; and ‡Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Washington, DC
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TB or Not TB. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2016. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000000347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Ghidey FY, Igbinosa O, Mills K, Lai L, Woods C, Ruiz ME, Fishbein D, Sampath R, Lowery R, Wortmann G. Case series of Bartonella quintana blood culture-negative endocarditis in Washington, DC. JMM Case Rep 2016; 3:e005049. [PMID: 28348772 PMCID: PMC5330240 DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.005049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Prior studies (predominantly from Europe) have demonstrated blood culture-negative endocarditis due to Bartonella. Our objective was to describe three cases of Bartonella quintana endocarditis identified within one year at a large hospital in Washington, DC, USA. Case presentation: We constructed a descriptive case series from a retrospective review of medical records from April to December 2013 at an 800-bed urban hospital. All three patients (ages: 52, 55 and 57 years) were undomiciled/homeless men with a history of alcoholism. Although they had negative blood cultures, echocardiography demonstrated aortic/mitral valve perforation and regurgitation in one patient, aortic/mitral valve vegetation with mitral regurgitation in the second patient, and aortic valve vegetation with regurgitation in the third patient. The patients had positive Bartonella quintana serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) with negative immunoglobulin M (IgM). PCR on DNA extracted from cardiac valves was positive for Bartonella, and DNA sequencing of PCR amplicons identified Bartonella quintana. Patients received treatment with doxycycline/rifampin or doxycycline/gentamicin. Conclusion: Clinicians should consider Bartonella endocarditis as a differential diagnosis in patients who fit elements of the Duke Criteria, as well as having a history of homelessness and alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fisseha Y Ghidey
- Infectious Disease Section, MedStar Washington Hospital Center , Washington , USA
| | - Osamuyimen Igbinosa
- Infectious Disease Section, MedStar Washington Hospital Center , Washington , USA
| | - Kristin Mills
- Infectious Disease Section, MedStar Washington Hospital Center , Washington , USA
| | - Leon Lai
- Infectious Disease Section, MedStar Washington Hospital Center , Washington , USA
| | - Christian Woods
- Infectious Disease Section, MedStar Washington Hospital Center , Washington , USA
| | - Maria E Ruiz
- Infectious Disease Section, MedStar Washington Hospital Center , Washington , USA
| | - Dawn Fishbein
- Infectious Disease Section, MedStar Washington Hospital Center , Washington , USA
| | | | - Robert Lowery
- Infectious Disease Section, MedStar Washington Hospital Center , Washington , USA
| | - Glenn Wortmann
- Infectious Disease Section, MedStar Washington Hospital Center , Washington , USA
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23
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Regier Y, O Rourke F, Kempf VAJ. Bartonella spp. - a chance to establish One Health concepts in veterinary and human medicine. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:261. [PMID: 27161111 PMCID: PMC4862191 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1546-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases remain a remarkable health threat for humans and animals. In the past, the epidemiology, etiology and pathology of infectious agents affecting humans and animals have mostly been investigated in separate studies. However, it is evident, that combined approaches are needed to understand geographical distribution, transmission and infection biology of “zoonotic agents”. The genus Bartonella represents a congenial example of the synergistic benefits that can arise from such combined approaches: Bartonella spp. infect a broad variety of animals, are linked with a constantly increasing number of human diseases and are transmitted via arthropod vectors. As a result, the genus Bartonella is predestined to play a pivotal role in establishing a One Health concept combining veterinary and human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Regier
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Fiona O Rourke
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Volkhard A J Kempf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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24
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Lockrow J, Longstreth W, Davis AP. Intracranial Aneurysms From Presumed Infective Endocarditis. Neurohospitalist 2016; 6:80-6. [DOI: 10.1177/1941874415605879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Lockrow
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Will Longstreth
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Arielle P. Davis
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Sosa T, Goldstein B, Cnota J, Bryant R, Frenck R, Washam M, Madsen N. Melody Valve Bartonella henselae Endocarditis in an Afebrile Teen: A Case Report. Pediatrics 2016; 137:peds.2015-1548. [PMID: 26659816 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2015-1548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant advancements in the care of children with cardiac valve disease over the past 15 years have led to the increasingly common use of percutaneous transcatheter valve implantation as an alternative to surgical replacement in selected patient populations. Although the transcatheter approach has several advantages, this approach and the valves used are not without complications. Bacterial endocarditis is a known and concerning complication after transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR). Most reported cases have involved organisms that are common etiologic agents of bacterial endocarditis and are readily identified via blood culture. However, culture-negative endocarditis in the setting of TPVR has not been well described. We present our experience with one afebrile teenager with culture-negative, serology-positive Bartonella henselae endocarditis of a Melody valve 18 months after TPVR for management of tetralogy of Fallot. The teen was successfully managed with long-term antibiotic therapy followed by surgical replacement of the valve. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of culture-negative endocarditis of a Melody TPVR in the absence of fever. This report discusses the importance of considering culture-negative endocarditis in the differential diagnosis of an afebrile patient with TPVR presenting with constitutional symptoms and valve dysfunction, particularly in the primary care setting. It is anticipated that with an increase in the successfully aging population of children who have undergone cardiac repair, the evaluation of these patients will become an increasingly important and common task for the community pediatrician.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Sosa
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Bryan Goldstein
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - James Cnota
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Roosevelt Bryant
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Robert Frenck
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Matthew Washam
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Nicolas Madsen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Ebato M. Editorial: Bartonella species: Important cause of culture-negative endocarditis. J Cardiol Cases 2016; 13:4-5. [PMID: 30546598 PMCID: PMC6281895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jccase.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mio Ebato
- Cardiovascular Division, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Bartonella, a common cause of endocarditis: a report on 106 cases and review. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 53:824-9. [PMID: 25540398 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02827-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartonella spp. are fastidious bacteria that cause blood culture-negative endocarditis and have been increasingly reported. In this study, we included all patients retrospectively and prospectively diagnosed with Bartonella endocarditis in our French reference center between 2005 and 2013. Our diagnosis was based on the modified Duke criteria and microbiological findings, including serological and PCR results. To review the published literature, we searched all human Bartonella endocarditis cases published in the PubMed database between January 2005 and October 2013. We report here a large series of 106 cases, which include 59 cases that had not previously been reported or mentioned. Indirect immunofluorescence assays, Western blotting, and real-time PCR from total blood, serum, and valve tissue exhibited sensitivities of 58%, 100%, 33%, 36%, and 91%, respectively. The number of cases reported in the literature between 2005 and 2013 increased to reach a cumulative number of 196 cases. The number of cases reported in the literature by other centers is increasing more rapidly than that reported by our French reference center (P < 10(-2)). Currently, there is a lack of criteria for the diagnosis of Bartonella endocarditis. We suggest that a positive PCR result from a cardiac valve or blood specimen, an IgG titer of ≥800 using an immunofluorescence assay, or a positive Western blot assay be considered major Duke criteria for Bartonella endocarditis. There is no real increase in the incidence of these infections but rather a better understanding and interest in the disease resulting from the improvement of diagnostic tools.
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28
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Khalighi MA, Nguyen S, Wiedeman JA, Palma Diaz MF. Bartonella Endocarditis–Associated Glomerulonephritis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Am J Kidney Dis 2014; 63:1060-5. [DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Hammami R, Abid D, Abid L, Znazen A, Hentati M, Hammami A, Kammoun S. [Bartonella endocarditis in Tunisia: lesional and evolutionary characteristics]. Pan Afr Med J 2014; 16:24. [PMID: 24570785 PMCID: PMC3932128 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2013.16.24.1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
L'endocardite à Bartonalla est une infection ubiquitaire, son diagnostic est difficile vu qu'il s'agit souvent d'endocardite à hémoculture négative. Le but de cette étude est d'analyser les particularités lésionnelles et évolutives de cette entité dans un pays du nord d'Afrique, la Tunisie et de démontrer la gravité de cette infection. Nous avons étudié rétrospectivement les dossiers médicaux de 20 patients atteints d'endocardite à Bartonella, confirmée selon les critères de Dukes modifiés. L’âge moyen de nos patients était 37 ans avec une prédominance masculine (SR=3). Tous nos malades avaient un niveau socio-économique bas. Le motif essentiel de consultation était la dyspnée, 6 patients étaient admis dans un tableau d'insuffisance cardiaque congestive. Une prédilection des lésions au niveau de la valve aortique a été notée (14 cas). Quatorze patients avaient des végétations endocarditiques avec une taille qui dépasse 10 mm chez 8 malades. La majorité des patients (18 patients) présentaient une régurgitation valvulaire massive en rapport principalement avec des mutilations importantes (6 cas de ruptures de cordages mitraux, 2 cas de déchirures des sigmoïdes aortiques, un cas de perforation valvulaire aortique, un cas de désinsertion de prothèse mitrale). Quinze malades (3/4) avaient nécessité une chirurgie à la phase active de la maladie, l'indication majeure était l'insuffisance cardiaque. Une complication neurologique était notée chez 2 malades et une complication rénale chez 3 malades. Treize patients étaient guéris, 5 malades étaient décédés et 2 malades opérés ont présenté une réinfection à staphylococcus aureus et à candida albicans en postopératoire. L'endocardite à Bartonella est une infection grave. Cette Bactérie possède un potentiel destructif important. Le recours à la chirurgie est quasi constant. La morbi-mortalité est élevée. La recherche de cette bactérie devrait être alors systématique chez nos malades suspects d'endocardite d'autant plus que la bartonellose est endémique sur nos terres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Hammami
- Service de Cardiologie, Hopital Hédi Chaker, Sfax,Tunisie
| | - Dorra Abid
- Service de Cardiologie, Hopital Hédi Chaker, Sfax,Tunisie
| | - Leila Abid
- Service de Cardiologie, Hopital Hédi Chaker, Sfax,Tunisie
| | - Abir Znazen
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Hopital Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Mourad Hentati
- Service de Cardiologie, Hopital Hédi Chaker, Sfax,Tunisie
| | - Adnene Hammami
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Hopital Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Samir Kammoun
- Service de Cardiologie, Hopital Hédi Chaker, Sfax,Tunisie
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Džupová O, Peková S, Sojková N, Feuereisl R, Beneš J. Infective endocarditis due to Bartonella quintana: a severe disease and underdiagnosed etiology. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2013; 58:491-4. [PMID: 23456350 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-013-0235-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Džupová
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Na Bulovce Hospital, Charles University in Prague, Budinova 2, Prague, 180 81, Czech Republic,
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Bergmans AMC, Rossen JWA. Detection of Bartonella spp. DNA in clinical specimens using an internally controlled real-time PCR assay. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 943:217-228. [PMID: 23104292 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-353-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Bartonella henselae is the causative agent of cat-scratch disease (CSD), usually presenting itself as a -self-limiting lymphadenopathy. In this chapter an internally controlled Taqman probe-based real-time PCR targeting the groEL gene of Bartonella spp. is described. This assay allows for the rapid, sensitive, and simple detection of Bartonella spp. in samples from CSD or endocarditis suspects, and it is suitable for implementation in the diagnostic microbiology laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneke M C Bergmans
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Franciscus Hospital, Roosendaal, The Netherlands.
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32
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Real-time PCR and pyrosequencing for differentiation of medically relevant Bartonella species. J Microbiol Methods 2012; 91:252-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2012.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
SUMMARYBartonellaspp. are increasingly implicated in infectious endocarditis cases in the UK. Herein, we attempted to quantify their role in this syndrome and explored the epidemiology ofBartonella-associated endocarditis in the UK. Between November 2005 and October 2010, samples from 685 endocarditis patients were submitted to the Health Protection Agency forBartonellaserology. Serological evidence of infection was obtained for 57 (8·3%) patients. PCR-based evidence of infection was obtained from 13 out of 14 patients for whom heart valve tissue was available, withBartonella quintanaimplicated in 12 cases andB. henselaein one. Six patients withB. quintanaendocarditis were recent immigrants into the UK, of whom four lived in poor socioeconomic conditions. These results indicate thatBartonellais a not uncommon cause of endocarditis in the UK and should be considered particularly in patients raised in eastern Europe and/or with a history of homelessness or alcoholism.
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Karris MY, Litwin CM, Dong HS, Vinetz J. Bartonella henselae infection of prosthetic aortic valve associated with colitis. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2011; 11:1503-5. [PMID: 21702667 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2010.0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of infective endocarditis can be difficult, particularly with atypical presentation and negative blood cultures. A 61-year-old man with a porcine aortic valve presented with fever, intermittent confusion, diarrhea, and fatigue. In the community clinic setting, a colonoscopy performed for anemia demonstrated colitis. Symptoms progressed for months; elicitation of a history of significant kitten exposure and the finding of an axillary lymph node prompted testing for Bartonella henselae antibodies. High titer antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence assay indicated chronic B. henselae infection. Surgical valve replacement followed by prolonged doxycycline and rifampin led to cure. This case illustrates the complexities of infective endocarditis and is the first description B. henselae endocarditis associated with colitis in an immunocompetent adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maile Young Karris
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Kaewmongkol G, Kaewmongkol S, Owen H, Fleming PA, Adams PJ, Ryan U, Irwin PJ, Fenwick SG. Candidatus Bartonella antechini: A novel Bartonella species detected in fleas and ticks from the yellow-footed antechinus (Antechinus flavipes), an Australian marsupial. Vet Microbiol 2011; 149:517-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Biswas S, Rolain JM. Bartonella infection: treatment and drug resistance. Future Microbiol 2011; 5:1719-31. [PMID: 21133691 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.10.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartonella species, which belong to the α-2 subgroup of Proteobacteria, are fastidious Gram-negative bacteria that are highly adapted to their mammalian host reservoirs. Bartonella species are responsible for different clinical conditions affecting humans, including Carrion's disease, cat scratch disease, trench fever, bacillary angiomatosis, endocarditis and peliosis hepatis. While some of these diseases can resolve spontaneously without treatment, in other cases, the disease is fatal without antibiotic treatment. In this article, we discuss the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Bartonella species, detected using several methods. We also provide an overview of Bartonella infection in humans and animals and discuss the antibiotic treatment recommendations for the different infections, treatment failure and the molecular mechanism of antibiotic resistance in these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silpak Biswas
- CNRS-IRD, UMR 6236, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de la Méditerranée, 27 boulevard Jean-Moulin, Marseille cedex 05, France
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Ehrenborg C, Hagberg S, Aldén J, Mäkitalo S, Myrdal G, Larsson E, Hjelm E, Friman G. First known case of Bartonella quintana endocarditis in Sweden. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 41:73-5. [DOI: 10.1080/00365540802477889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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38
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Chomel BB, Kasten R, Williams C, Wey A, Henn J, Maggi R, Carrasco S, Mazet J, Boulouis H, Maillard R, Breitschwerdt E. Bartonella Endocarditis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1166:120-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04523.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lamas C, Curi A, Bóia MN, Lemos ERS. Human bartonellosis: seroepidemiological and clinical features with an emphasis on data from Brazil - A review. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2008; 103:221-35. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762008000300001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2007] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Lamas
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses; Fiocruz, Brasil
| | | | | | - ERS Lemos
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses
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40
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Iralu J, Bai Y, Crook L, Tempest B, Simpson G, McKenzie T, Koster F. Rodent-associated Bartonella febrile illness, Southwestern United States. Emerg Infect Dis 2006; 12:1081-6. [PMID: 16836824 PMCID: PMC3291043 DOI: 10.3201/eid1207.040397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients showed seroconversion to rodent-associated Bartonella antigens, but not to Bartonella pathogenic for humans. Serum specimens from 114 patients hospitalized with a febrile illness were tested with an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) using Bartonella antigens prepared from 6 species of sigmodontine rodents and 3 known human Bartonella pathogens: B. henselae, B. quintana, and B. elizabethae. Acute- and convalescent-phase serum samples from 5 of these patients showed seroconversion with an IFA titer >512 to rodent-associated Bartonella antigens. The highest titer was against antigen derived from the white-throated woodrat (Neotoma albigula), although this rodent is not necessarily implicated as the source of infection. Three of the 5 who seroconverted showed no cross-reaction to the 3 Bartonella human pathogens. Common clinical characteristics were fever, chills, myalgias, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and transaminasemia. Although antibodies to Bartonella are cross-reactive, high-titer seroconversions to rodent-associated Bartonella antigens in adults with common clinical characteristics should stimulate the search for additional Bartonella human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying Bai
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Larry Crook
- US Public Health Service, Gallup, New Mexico, USA
| | | | - Gary Simpson
- New Mexico Department of Health, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
| | | | - Frederick Koster
- University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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41
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Houpikian P, Raoult D. Blood culture-negative endocarditis in a reference center: etiologic diagnosis of 348 cases. Medicine (Baltimore) 2005; 84:162-173. [PMID: 15879906 DOI: 10.1097/01.md.0000165658.82869.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify the current etiologies of blood culture-negative infective endocarditis and to describe the epidemiologic, clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic characteristics associated with each etiology, as well as with unexplained cases, we tested samples from 348 patients suspected of having blood culture-negative infective endocarditis in our diagnostic center, the French National Reference Center for Rickettsial Diseases, between 1983 and 2001. Serology tests for Coxiella burnettii, Bartonella species, Chlamydia species, Legionella species, and Aspergillus species; blood culture on shell vial; and, when available, analysis of valve specimens through culture, microscopic examination, and direct PCR amplification were performed. Physicians were asked to complete a questionnaire, which was computerized. Only cases of definite infective endocarditis, as defined by the modified Duke criteria, were included. A total of 348 cases were recorded-to our knowledge, the largest series reported to date. Of those, 167 cases (48%) were associated with C. burnetii, 99 (28%) with Bartonella species, and 5 (1%) with rare, fastidious bacterial agents of endocarditis (Tropheryma whipplei, Abiotrophia elegans, Mycoplasma hominis, Legionella pneumophila). Among 73 cases without etiology, 58 received antibiotic drugs before the blood cultures. Six cases were right-sided endocarditis and 4 occurred in patients who had a permanent pacemaker. Finally, no explanatory factor was found for 5 remaining cases (1%), despite all investigations.Q fever endocarditis affected males in 75% of cases, between 40 and 70 years of age. Ninety-one percent of patients had a previous valvulopathy, 32% were immunocompromised, and 70% had been exposed to animals. Our study confirms the improved clinical presentation and prognosis of the disease observed during the last decades. Such an evolution could be related to earlier diagnosis due to better physician awareness and more sensitive diagnostic techniques. As for Bartonella species, B. quintana was recorded more frequently than B. henselae (53 vs 17 cases). For 18 patients with Bartonella endocarditis, the responsible species was not identified. Species determination was achieved through culture and/or PCR in 49 cases and through Western immunoblotting in 22. Comparison of B. quintana and B. henselae endocarditis revealed distinct epidemiologic patterns. The 2 cases due to T. whipplei reflect the emerging role of this agent as a cause of infective endocarditis. Because identification of the bacterium was possible only through analysis of excised valves by histologic examination, PCR, and culture on shell vial, the prevalence of the disease might be underestimated. Among patients who received antibiotic drugs before blood cultures, 4 cases (7%) were found to be associated with Streptococcus species (2 S. bovis and 2 S. mutans) through 16S rDNA gene amplification directly from the valve, which shows the usefulness of this technique in overcoming the limitations of previous antibiotic treatment. Right-sided endocarditis occurred classically in young patients (mean age, 36 yr), intravenous drug users in 50% of cases, and suffering more often from embolic complications. Finally, 5 cases without etiology or explaining factors were all immunocompetent male patients with previous aortic valvular lesions, and 3 of the 5 presented with an aortic abscess. Further investigations should be focused on this group to identify new agents of infective endocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Houpikian
- From Unitué des Rickettsies, Université de la Méditerraneé, Faculté de médecine, CNRS UPRES A 6020, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
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42
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Foucault C, La Scola B, Lindroos H, Andersson SGE, Raoult D. Multispacer typing technique for sequence-based typing of Bartonella quintana. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:41-8. [PMID: 15634949 PMCID: PMC540158 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.1.41-48.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartonella quintana is a worldwide fastidious bacterium of the Alphaproteobacteria responsible for bacillary angiomatosis, trench fever, chronic lymphadenopathy, and culture-negative endocarditis. The recent genome sequencing of a B. quintana isolate allowed us to propose a genome-wide sequence-based typing method. To ensure sequence discrimination based on highly polymorphic areas, we amplified and sequenced 34 spacers in a large collection of B. quintana isolates. Six of these exhibited polymorphisms and allowed the characterization of 4 genotypes. However, the strain variants suggested by the noncoding sequences did not correlate with the results of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), which suggested a higher degree of variability. Modification of the PFGE profile of one isolate after nine subcultures confirmed that rearrangement frequencies are high in this species, making PFGE unreliable for epidemiological purposes. The low extent of sequence heterogeneity in the species suggests a recent emergence of this bacterium as a human pathogen. Direct typing of natural samples allowed the identification of a fifth genotype in the DNA extracted from a human body louse collected in Burundi. We have named the typing technique herein described multispacer typing.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Foucault
- Unité des Rickettsies, CNRS UMR 6020, IFR 48, Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Université de la Méditerranée, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
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43
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Chomel BB, Boulouis HJ, Breitschwerdt EB. Cat scratch disease and other zoonotic Bartonella infections. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004; 224:1270-9. [PMID: 15112775 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2004.224.1270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno B Chomel
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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44
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Rolain JM, Brouqui P, Koehler JE, Maguina C, Dolan MJ, Raoult D. Recommendations for treatment of human infections caused by Bartonella species. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48:1921-33. [PMID: 15155180 PMCID: PMC415619 DOI: 10.1128/aac.48.6.1921-1933.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J M Rolain
- Unité des Rickettsies, Faculté de Médecine, 27, Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
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45
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Breitschwerdt EB, Blann KR, Stebbins ME, Muñana KR, Davidson MG, Jackson HA, Willard MD. Clinicopathological Abnormalities and Treatment Response in 24 Dogs Seroreactive to Bartonella vinsonii (berkhoffii) Antigens. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2004; 40:92-101. [PMID: 15007043 DOI: 10.5326/0400092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bartonella vinsonii (B. vinsonii) subspecies berkhoffii is a recently recognized cause of endocarditis, myocarditis, and granulomatous disease in dogs. In an effort to elucidate other potential disease manifestations, the case records of 24 dogs that were seroreactive to B. vinsonii (berkhoffii) antigens were studied retrospectively. Diagnoses included immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, neutrophilic or granulomatous meningoencephalitis, neutrophilic polyarthritis, cutaneous vasculitis, and uveitis. Repeated B. vinsonii (berkhoffii) antibody titers became negative after treatment. This study indicates that a diverse spectrum of disease manifestations and clinicopathological abnormalities can be detected in dogs that are seroreactive to B. vinsonii (berkhoffii) antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward B Breitschwerdt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA
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46
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Chomel BB, Wey AC, Kasten RW. Isolation of Bartonella washoensis from a dog with mitral valve endocarditis. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 41:5327-32. [PMID: 14605197 PMCID: PMC262474 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.41.11.5327-5332.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first documented case of Bartonella washoensis bacteremia in a dog with mitral valve endocarditis. B. washoensis was isolated in 1995 from a human patient with cardiac disease. The main reservoir species appears to be ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) in the western United States. Based on echocardiographic findings, a diagnosis of infective vegetative valvular mitral endocarditis was made in a spayed 12-year-old female Doberman pinscher. A year prior to presentation, the referring veterinarian had detected a heart murmur, which led to progressive dyspnea and a diagnosis of congestive heart failure the week before examination. One month after initial presentation, symptoms worsened. An emergency therapy for congestive heart failure was unsuccessfully implemented, and necropsy evaluation of the dog was not permitted. Indirect immunofluorescence tests showed that the dog was strongly seropositive (titer of 1:4,096) for several Bartonella antigens (B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii, B. clarridgeiae, and B. henselae), highly suggestive of Bartonella endocarditis. Standard aerobic and aerobic-anaerobic cultures were negative. However, a specific blood culture for Bartonella isolation grew a fastidious, gram-negative organism 7 days after being plated. Phenotypic and genotypic characterizations of the isolate, including partial sequencing of the citrate synthase (gltA), groEL, and 16S rRNA genes, indicated that this organism was identical to B. washoensis. The dog was seronegative for all tick-borne pathogens tested (Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia canis, and Rickettsia rickettsii), but the sample was highly positive for B. washoensis (titer of 1:8,192) and, according to indirect immunofluorescent-antibody assay, weakly positive for phase II Coxiella burnetii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno B Chomel
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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47
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Chomel BB, Wey AC, Kasten RW, Stacy BA, Labelle P. Fatal case of endocarditis associated with Bartonella henselae type I infection in a domestic cat. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 41:5337-9. [PMID: 14605199 PMCID: PMC262472 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.41.11.5337-5339.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first feline case of Bartonella henselae endocarditis. Despite negative blood cultures, the cat had high Bartonella antibody titers and B. henselae type I DNA was detected in the damaged aortic valve. Microscopic examination of the valve revealed endocarditis with small silver positive coccoid structures in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno B Chomel
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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48
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Foucault C, Raoult D, Brouqui P. Randomized open trial of gentamicin and doxycycline for eradication of Bartonella quintana from blood in patients with chronic bacteremia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003; 47:2204-7. [PMID: 12821469 PMCID: PMC161867 DOI: 10.1128/aac.47.7.2204-2207.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Bartonella quintana bacteremia is known to occur in homeless people exposed to lice. We present here the results of an open randomized trial performed to evaluate the efficacy of doxycycline in combination with gentamicin in the eradication of B. quintana bacteremia. From 1 January 2001 to 1 April 2002, homeless people with blood cultures positive for B. quintana were randomized to receive either no treatment (untreated controls) or a combination of gentamicin (3 mg/kg of body weight/day intravenously for 14 days) and doxycycline (200 mg/day orally for 28 days). Patients were evaluated from the results of blood cultures performed between day 28 (the end of treatment) and day 90 postinclusion. Intention-to-treat analysis of 20 included patients showed eradication of bacteremia in 7 out of 9 treated patients versus 2 out of 11 untreated controls (P = 0.01). In the per-protocol analysis, eradication was obtained for 7 out of 7 treated patients versus 2 out of 9 untreated controls (P = 0.003). This study demonstrates the efficiency of the combination of doxycycline and gentamicin in eradicating B. quintana bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Foucault
- Unité des Rickettsies, CNRS UMR 6020, IFR48, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
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49
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Chomel BB, Kasten RW, Sykes JE, Boulouis HJ, Breitschwerdt EB. Clinical impact of persistent Bartonella bacteremia in humans and animals. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2003; 990:267-78. [PMID: 12860639 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07376.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bartonella spp. are emerging vector-borne pathogens that cause persistent, often asymptomatic bacteremia in their natural hosts. As our knowledge progresses, it appears that chronic infection may actually predispose the host to mild, insidious nonspecific manifestations or induce, in selected instances, severe diseases. Persistent asymptomatic bacteremia is most common in animals that serve as the main reservoir for the specific Bartonella. In humans, these organisms are B. bacilliformis and B. quintana. Other Bartonella species, for which humans are not the natural reservoir, tend to cause persistent bacteremia only in immunodeficient individuals. In some of these individuals, endothelial cell proliferation may create lesions such as bacillary angiomatosis or bacillary peliosis. In cats, bacteremia of variable level and continuity may last for years. Some strains of B. henselae may induce clinical manifestations, including fever, mild neurological signs, reproductive disorders, whereas others do not induce clinically obvious disease. Reproductive disorders have also been reported in mice experimentally infected with B. birtlesii. Finally, canids constitute the most interesting naturally occurring animal model for the human disease. Like immunocompetent people, healthy dogs only occasionally demonstrate long-term bacteremia when infected with Bartonella spp. However, some dogs develop severe clinical manifestations, such as endocarditis, and the pathologic spectrum associated with Bartonella spp. infection in domestic dogs is rapidly expanding and resembles the infrequently reported clinical entities observed in humans. In coyotes, persistent bacteremia is more common than in domestic dogs. It will be of interest to determine if coyotes develop clinical or pathological indications of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno B Chomel
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
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50
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Miró JM, del Río A, Mestres CA. Infective endocarditis and cardiac surgery in intravenous drug abusers and HIV-1 infected patients. Cardiol Clin 2003; 21:167-84, v-vi. [PMID: 12874891 DOI: 10.1016/s0733-8651(03)00025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) is one of the most severe complications of parenteral drug abuse. The incidence of IE in intravenous drug abusers (IVDAs) is 2% to 5% per year, being responsible for 5% to 10% of the overall death rate. The prevalence of HIV infection among IVDAs with IE ranges between 30% and 70% in developed countries and HIV-infection by itself increases the risk of IE in IVDAs. The incidence of IE in IVDAs is currently decreasing in some areas, probably due to changes in drug administration habits by addicts to avoid HIV transmission. Overall, Staphylococcus aureus is the most common etiological agent, being usually sensitive to methicillin (MSSA). The tricuspid valve is the most frequently affected (60% to 70%), followed by the mitral and aortic valves (20% to 30%). HIV-positive IVDAs have a higher ratio of right-sided IE and S aureus IE than HIV-negative IVDAs. Response to antibiotic therapy is similar. Drug addicts with non-complicated MSSA right-sided IE can be treated with an i.v. short-course regimen of nafcillin or cloxacillin for 2 weeks, with or without addition of an aminoglycoside during the first 3 to 7 days. The prognosis of right-sided endocarditis is generally good; overall mortality is less than 5%, and with surgery is less than 2%. In contrast, the prognosis of left-sided IE is less favorable; mortality is 20% to 30%, and even with surgery is 15% to 25%. IE caused by GNB or fungi has the worst prognosis. Mortality between HIV-infected or non-HIV-infected IVDAs with IE is similar. However, among HIV-infected IVDAs, mortality is significantly higher in those who are most severely immunosuppressed, with CD4+ cell count < 200/microL or with AIDS criteria. Conversely, IE in HIV-infected patients who are not drug abusers is rare. The epidemiology of cardiac surgery in IVDAs and/or HIV-infected patients has changed in recent years. There is a decrease in IE and an increase of patients undergoing surgery (CABS) for coronary artery disease secondary to the hyperlipidemia and lipodystrophy induced by highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Cardiac surgery in HIV-infected patients with or without IE does not worsen the prognosis because extracorporeal circulation did not affect the immune status after surgery. Morbidity and mortality seems to stay within the same range as the non-infected patients. In our experience, in the IE in HIV-infected IVDA group, the 1-year survival is 65% and the 5 and 10-year actuarial survival is 35%. For patients operated on for coronary artery disease, the 5-year survival is 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Miró
- Infectious Diseases Service, Institut Clínic Infeccions i Immunologia, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer-Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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