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Ghaemi M, Ahmadi N, Sharifiyazdi H, Ghane M, Golvajooei MS. First report of ocular histoplasmosis in a horse from Iran: molecular, clinical and pathological findings. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2022; 13:455-459. [PMID: 36320305 PMCID: PMC9548230 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2021.539776.3237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus that is traditionally classified in three varieties: Hc var. capsulatum, Hc var. duboisii, and Hc var. farciminosum (HCF). Cytology, hematology, pathology, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses were applied on samples collected from the blood and the eye of a horse with pustular lesions and ocular discharge. Physical examination and cytopathological tests showed H. capsulatum infection. Additionally, the results of two PCR tests confirmed H. capsulatum infection. The phylogenetic tree of the internal transcribed spacer sequence of Iranian H. capsulatum showed homology with the HCF variety. For the first time, H. capsulatum infection in the eye of a horse from Iran was detected and phylogenetically analyzed. This study revealed that H. capsulatum could establish infection in Iranian animals in addition to people, and indicated the role of soil enriched with bird dropping in the preparation of a favorable environment for H. capsulatum propagation. Further investigations are required to clarify the natural history and risk factors associated with histoplasmosis in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Ghaemi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran; ,Correspondence Mehran Ghaemi. DVM, PhD Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Nasrollah Ahmadi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Sharifiyazdi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Ghane
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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2
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Vite-Garín T, Estrada-Bárcenas DA, Gernandt DS, Reyes-Montes MDR, Sahaza JH, Canteros CE, Ramírez JA, Rodríguez-Arellanes G, Serra-Damasceno L, Zancopé-Oliveira RM, Taylor JW, Taylor ML. Histoplasma capsulatum Isolated from Tadarida brasiliensis Bats Captured in Mexico Form a Sister Group to North American Class 2 Clade. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:529. [PMID: 34209122 PMCID: PMC8305335 DOI: 10.3390/jof7070529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus associated with respiratory and systemic infections in mammalian hosts that have inhaled infective mycelial propagules. A phylogenetic reconstruction of this pathogen, using partial sequences of arf, H-anti, ole1, and tub1 protein-coding genes, proposed that H. capsulatum has at least 11 phylogenetic species, highlighting a clade (BAC1) comprising three H. capsulatum isolates from infected bats captured in Mexico. Here, relationships for each individual locus and the concatenated coding regions of these genes were inferred using parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference methods. Coalescent-based analyses, a concatenated sequence-types (CSTs) network, and nucleotide diversities were also evaluated. The results suggest that six H. capsulatum isolates from the migratory bat Tadarida brasiliensis together with one isolate from a Mormoops megalophylla bat support a NAm 3 clade, replacing the formerly reported BAC1 clade. In addition, three H. capsulatum isolates from T. brasiliensis were classified as lineages. The concatenated sequence analyses and the CSTs network validate these findings, suggesting that NAm 3 is related to the North American class 2 clade and that both clades could share a recent common ancestor. Our results provide original information on the geographic distribution, genetic diversity, and host specificity of H. capsulatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Vite-Garín
- Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (T.V.-G.); (M.d.R.R.-M.); (J.H.S.); (J.A.R.); (G.R.-A.)
| | - Daniel A. Estrada-Bárcenas
- Colección Nacional de Cepas Microbianas y Cultivos Celulares, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV, IPN), Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico;
| | - David S. Gernandt
- Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - María del Rocío Reyes-Montes
- Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (T.V.-G.); (M.d.R.R.-M.); (J.H.S.); (J.A.R.); (G.R.-A.)
| | - Jorge H. Sahaza
- Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (T.V.-G.); (M.d.R.R.-M.); (J.H.S.); (J.A.R.); (G.R.-A.)
| | - Cristina E. Canteros
- Departamento de Micología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán”, Buenos Aires 1281, Argentina;
| | - José A. Ramírez
- Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (T.V.-G.); (M.d.R.R.-M.); (J.H.S.); (J.A.R.); (G.R.-A.)
| | - Gabriela Rodríguez-Arellanes
- Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (T.V.-G.); (M.d.R.R.-M.); (J.H.S.); (J.A.R.); (G.R.-A.)
| | - Lisandra Serra-Damasceno
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Saúde Comunitária, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza 60455-610, Brazil;
| | - Rosely M. Zancopé-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Micologia, Setor Imunodiagnóstico, Instituto Nacional de Infectología Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil;
| | - John W. Taylor
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
| | - Maria Lucia Taylor
- Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (T.V.-G.); (M.d.R.R.-M.); (J.H.S.); (J.A.R.); (G.R.-A.)
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3
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Gómez LF, Arango M, McEwen JG, Gómez OM, Zuluaga A, Peláez CA, Acevedo JM, Taylor ML, Jiménez MDP. Molecular epidemiology of Colombian Histoplasma capsulatum isolates obtained from human and chicken manure samples. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02084. [PMID: 31372546 PMCID: PMC6660563 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermally dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum is the causative agent of histoplasmosis, one of the most prevalent endemic mycosis in the Americas. In tropical regions, agro-ecosystems require organic matter replacement, therefore, the use of organic fertilizers has increased disregarding the fact that certain number of such fertilizers might be contaminated with the fungus, and with their handling resulting in human cases and even outbreaks of histoplasmosis. Additionally, in Colombia, chicken manure is the most common raw material used in the production of organic fertilizers. In this work, we reported the isolation of this fungus from chicken manure, and genetically compared with 42 clinical isolates. The genetically compared environmental isolates grouped together with the clinical ones. Our result suggests that chicken manure may be one of H. capsulatum infection sources. Also, the phylogenetic analyses done with other H. capsulatum isolates indicate that the Colombian isolates are widely distributed in the relational tree thus reveling towards the great genetic diversity among the H. capsulatum Colombian isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa F Gómez
- Grupo de Micología Médica, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia.,Posgrado de Biología, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Myrtha Arango
- Grupo de Micología Médica, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Juan G McEwen
- Grupo de Micología Médica, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia.,Grupo de Biología Celular y Molecular, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Oscar M Gómez
- Posgrado de Biología, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia.,Grupo de Biología Celular y Molecular, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Alejandra Zuluaga
- Grupo de Micología Médica y Experimental, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB). Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Carlos A Peláez
- Grupo Interdisciplinario de Estudios Moleculares, (GIEM), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Jose M Acevedo
- Grupo Interdisciplinario de Estudios Moleculares, (GIEM), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - María L Taylor
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de Hongos, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - María Del P Jiménez
- Grupo de Micología Médica, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
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Damasceno LS, Leitão TMJS, Taylor ML, Muniz MM, Zancopé-Oliveira RM. The use of genetic markers in the molecular epidemiology of histoplasmosis: a systematic review. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 35:19-27. [PMID: 26589702 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-015-2508-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Histoplasmosis is a systemic mycosis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, a dimorphic fungal pathogen that can infect both humans and animals. This disease has worldwide distribution and affects mainly immunocompromised individuals. In the environment, H. capsulatum grows as mold but undergoes a morphologic transition to the yeast morphotype under special conditions. Molecular techniques are important tools to conduct epidemiologic investigations for fungal detection, identification of infection sources, and determination of different fungal genotypes associated to a particular disease symptom. In this study, we performed a systematic review in the PubMed database to improve the understanding about the molecular epidemiology of histoplasmosis. This search was restricted to English and Spanish articles. We included a combination of specific keywords: molecular typing [OR] genetic diversity [OR] polymorphism [AND] H. capsulatum; molecular epidemiology [AND] histoplasmosis; and molecular epidemiology [AND] Histoplasma. In addition, we used the specific terms: histoplasmosis [AND] outbreaks. Non-English or non-Spanish articles, dead links, and duplicate results were excluded from the review. The results reached show that the main methods used for molecular typing of H. capsulatum were: restriction fragment length polymorphism, random amplified polymorphic DNA, microsatellites polymorphism, sequencing of internal transcribed spacers region, and multilocus sequence typing. Different genetic profiles were identified among H. capsulatum isolates, which can be grouped according to their source, geographical origin, and clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Damasceno
- FIOCRUZ-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Micologia, Setor Imunodiagnóstico, INI-Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - T M J S Leitão
- Departamento de Saúde Comunitária, Faculdade de Medicina, UFC-Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60430-140, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - M L Taylor
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Laboratorio de Inmunología de Hongos, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, México, DF, Mexico
| | - M M Muniz
- FIOCRUZ-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Micologia, Setor Imunodiagnóstico, INI-Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - R M Zancopé-Oliveira
- FIOCRUZ-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Micologia, Setor Imunodiagnóstico, INI-Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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5
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Mota de Almeida FJ, Kivijärvi K, Roos G, Nylander K. A case of disseminated histoplasmosis diagnosed after oral presentation in an old HIV-negative patient in Sweden. Gerodontology 2014; 32:234-6. [PMID: 25209185 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Histoplasmosis is an endemic disease in various regions such as North America and South-East Asia but remains rare in Europe. Disseminated histoplasmosis is unusual in HIV-negative patients. Here, we describe a case of disseminated histoplasmosis in an HIV-negative patient diagnosed after oral presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristina Kivijärvi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sunderby Hospital, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Göran Roos
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karin Nylander
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Vite-Garín T, Estrada-Bárcenas DA, Cifuentes J, Taylor ML. The importance of molecular analyses for understanding the genetic diversity of Histoplasma capsulatum: an overview. Rev Iberoam Micol 2013; 31:11-5. [PMID: 24252830 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in the classification of the human pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum (H. capsulatum) (ascomycete) are sustained by the results of several genetic analyses that support the high diversity of this dimorphic fungus. The present mini-review highlights the great genetic plasticity of H. capsulatum. Important records with different molecular tools, mainly single- or multi-locus sequence analyses developed with this fungus, are discussed. Recent phylogenetic data with a multi-locus sequence analysis using 5 polymorphic loci support a new clade and/or phylogenetic species of H. capsulatum for the Americas, which was associated with fungal isolates obtained from the migratory bat Tadarida brasiliensis. This manuscript is part of the series of works presented at the "V International Workshop: Molecular genetic approaches to the study of human pathogenic fungi" (Oaxaca, Mexico, 2012).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Vite-Garín
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México DF, Mexico
| | - Daniel Alfonso Estrada-Bárcenas
- Colección Nacional de Cultivos Microbianos, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México DF, Mexico
| | - Joaquín Cifuentes
- Herbario FCME (Hongos), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México DF, Mexico
| | - Maria Lucia Taylor
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México DF, Mexico.
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Zarrinpar A, Lin G, Lonergan JT. A rare cause of an ileocecal fistula in an AIDS patient. Gastrointestinal infection by Histoplasma capsulatum infection identified with internal transcribed spacer primer sets. Gastroenterology 2013; 144:697, 857-8. [PMID: 23499285 PMCID: PMC3648220 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Zarrinpar
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego,Corresponding author: Department of Gastroenterology, 9500 Gilman Drive #0956, La Jolla, CA 92093-0956;
| | - Grace Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego
| | - Joseph T Lonergan
- Department of Medicine, Owen Clinic/University of California, San Diego
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Taylor ML, Hernández-García L, Estrada-Bárcenas D, Salas-Lizana R, Zancopé-Oliveira RM, García de la Cruz S, Galvão-Dias MA, Curiel-Quesada E, Canteros CE, Bojórquez-Torres G, Bogard-Fuentes CA, Zamora-Tehozol E. Genetic diversity of Histoplasma capsulatum isolated from infected bats randomly captured in Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina, using the polymorphism of (GA)(n) microsatellite and its flanking regions. Fungal Biol 2011; 116:308-17. [PMID: 22289776 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The genetic diversity of 47 Histoplasma capsulatum isolates from infected bats captured in Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina was studied, using sequence polymorphism of a 240-nucleotides (nt) fragment, which includes the (GA)(n) length microsatellite and its flanking regions within the HSP60 gene. Three human clinical strains were used as geographic references. Based on phylogenetic analyses of 240-nt fragments achieved, the relationships among H. capsulatum isolates were resolved using neighbour-joining and maximum parsimony methods. The tree topologies obtained by both methods were identical and highlighted two major clusters of isolates. Cluster I had three sub-clusters (Ia, Ib, and Ic), all of which contained Mexican H. capsulatum samples, while cluster II consisted of samples from Brazil and Argentina. Sub-cluster Ia included only fungal isolates from the migratory bat Tadarida brasiliensis. An average DNA mutation rate of 2.39 × 10(-9) substitutions per site per year was estimated for the 240-nt fragment for all H. capsulatum isolates. Nucleotide diversity analysis of the (GA)(n) and flanking regions from fungal isolates of each cluster and sub-cluster underscored the high similarity of cluster II (Brazil and Argentina), sub-clusters Ib, and Ic (Mexico). According to the genetic distances among isolates, a network of the 240-nt fragment was graphically represented by (GA)(n) length haplotype. This network showed an association between genetic variation and both the geographic distribution and the ecotype dispersion of H. capsulatum, which are related to the migratory behaviour of the infected bats studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lucia Taylor
- Departamento de Microbiología-Parasitología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF 04510, Mexico.
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Abstract
Fungal pulmonary infections are becoming more prevalent as a consequence of the rising prevalence of immunocompromised patients. Besides ubiquitous opportunistic fungi such as Aspergillus spp and geographically delimited mycoses, fungi that were previously thought to be of uncertain pathogenicity, such as hyaline and dematiaceous molds, are increasingly being diagnosed as the causes of invasive disease in profoundly immunosuppressed hosts. Overall progress in the clinical management of fungal pulmonary infections has been slow compared with other areas of infectious diseases. However, recent encouraging advances in fungal diagnostics and therapeutics have resulted in improved clinical outcomes, particularly in vulnerable patient populations such as solid organ or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. This article provides an overview of endemic mycoses and other emerging fungal pulmonary infections. Recent developments in terms of the diagnosis and clinical management of these infections are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang Hsu
- Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
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Mikami Y. [Proposal of new molecular characterization methods in phylogenetic studies and genotypings of pathogenic fungi]. NIHON ISHINKIN GAKKAI ZASSHI = JAPANESE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MYCOLOGY 2008; 49:151-155. [PMID: 18689962 DOI: 10.3314/jjmm.49.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sequence information of 25S rRNA gene was useful for the genotype determination in Candida albicans. Genotypes of 301 C. albicans strains by this single PCR method were determined, and out of them, two strains of new genotype (genotype E) which are closely related to C. dubliniensis in its intron structure were discovered. Analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequence including 5.8S rRNA region in three varieties of C. neoformans was found to be an useful method for genotype determination, and a new genotype (Africa genotype) of var. gattii was discovered. In comparison with other traditional taxonomic methods in pathogenic fungi, usefulness of these genotype determination methods in their epidemiological studies was discussed. New PCR identification systems which were developed based on RAPD band pattern analyses for Histoplasma capsulatum, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Penicillium marneffei were also introduced. These genetic studies lead to a development of new DNA microarray identification method, and their usefulness was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzuru Mikami
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Zarnowski R, Miyazaki M, Dobrzyn A, Ntambi JM, Woods JP. Typing of Histoplasma capsulatum strains by fatty acid profile analysis. J Med Microbiol 2007; 56:788-797. [PMID: 17510264 PMCID: PMC2748824 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.47067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of fatty acid profiling for strain differentiation of Histoplasma capsulatum was assessed. Total fatty acids were isolated from the yeast-phase cells of seven stock and two previously unreported clinical strains of H. capsulatum var. capsulatum, as well as from one unreported clinical strain and one stock strain of H. capsulatum var. duboisii, and one strain of each of three other dimorphic zoopathogenic fungal species, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Sporothrix schenckii. Different colony morphology and pigmentation types of the H. capsulatum strains were also included. The most frequently occurring fatty acids were oleic, palmitic, stearic and linoleic acids. There were variations in the relative percentage fatty acid contents of H. capsulatum strains that could be used for strain identification and discrimination. Differentiation between H. capsulatum strains was achieved by the comparison of detected fatty acids accompanied by principal component analysis using calculated Varimax-rotated principal component loadings. Statistical analysis yielded three major principal components that explained over 94 % of total variance in the data. All the strains of H. capsulatum var. capsulatum RFLP classes II and III were grouped into two distinct clusters: the heterogenic RFLP class I formed a large, but also well-defined group, whereas the outgroup strains of H. capsulatum var. duboisii, B. dermatitidis, P. brasiliensis and S. schenckii were shifted away. These data suggest that fatty acid profiling can be used in H. capsulatum strain classification and epidemiological studies that require strain differentiation at the intraspecies level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Zarnowski
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Makoto Miyazaki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Agnieszka Dobrzyn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - James M. Ntambi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jon P. Woods
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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Balajee SA, Sigler L, Brandt ME. DNA and the classical way: Identification of medically important molds in the 21st century. Med Mycol 2007; 45:475-90. [PMID: 17710617 DOI: 10.1080/13693780701449425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of the 21st century has seen significant advances in the methods and practices used for identification of medically important molds in the clinical microbiology laboratory. Historically, molds have been identified by using observations of colonial and microscopic morphology, along with tables, keys and textbook descriptions. This approach still has value for the identification of many fungal organisms, but requires expertise and can be problematic in determining a species identification that is timely and useful in the management of high-risk patients. For the increasing number of isolates that are uncommon, atypical, or unusual, DNA-based identification methods are being increasingly employed in many clinical laboratories. These methods include the commercially available GenProbe assay, methods based on the polymerase chain reaction such as single-step PCR, RAPD-PCR, rep-PCR, nested PCR, PCR-RFLP, PCR-EIA, and more recent microarray-based, Luminex technology-based, and real-time PCR-based methods. Great variation in assay complexity, targets, and detection methods can be found, and many of these methods have not been widely used or rigorously validated. The increasing availability of DNA sequencing chemistry has made comparative DNA sequence analysis an attractive alternative tool for fungal identification. DNA sequencing methodology can be purchased commercially or developed in-house; such methods display varying degrees of usefulness depending on the breadth and reliability of the databases used for comparison. The future success of sequencing-based approaches will depend on the choice of DNA target, the reliability of the result, and the availability of a validated sequence database for query and comparison. Future studies will be required to determine sequence homology breakpoints and to assess the accuracy of molecular-based species identification in various groups of medically important filamentous fungi. At this time, a polyphasic approach to identification that combines morphologic and molecular methods will ensure the greatest success in the management of patients with fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arunmozhi Balajee
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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Kasuga T, White TJ, Koenig G, McEwen J, Restrepo A, Castañeda E, Da Silva Lacaz C, Heins-Vaccari EM, De Freitas RS, Zancopé-Oliveira RM, Qin Z, Negroni R, Carter DA, Mikami Y, Tamura M, Taylor ML, Miller GF, Poonwan N, Taylor JW. Phylogeography of the fungal pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum. Mol Ecol 2004; 12:3383-401. [PMID: 14629354 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.01995.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, Histoplasma capsulatum was believed to harbour three varieties, var. capsulatum (chiefly a New World human pathogen), var. duboisii (an African human pathogen) and var. farciminosum (an Old World horse pathogen), which varied in clinical manifestations and geographical distribution. We analysed the phylogenetic relationships of 137 individuals representing the three varieties from six continents using DNA sequence variation in four independent protein-coding genes. At least eight clades were idengified: (i) North American class 1 clade; (ii) North American class 2 clade; (iii) Latin American group A clade; (iv) Latin American group B clade; (v) Australian clade; (vi) Netherlands (Indonesian?) clade; (vii) Eurasian clade and (viii) African clade. Seven of eight clades represented genetically isolated groups that may be recognized as phylogenetic species. The sole exception was the Eurasian clade which originated from within the Latin American group A clade. The phylogenetic relationships among the clades made a star phylogeny. Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum individuals were found in all eight clades. The African clade included all of the H. capsulatum var. duboisii individuals as well as individuals of the other two varieties. The 13 individuals of var. farciminosum were distributed among three phylogenetic species. These findings suggest that the three varieties of Histoplasma are phylogenetically meaningless. Instead we have to recognize the existence of genetically distinct geographical populations or phylogenetic species. Combining DNA substitution rates of protein-coding genes with the phylogeny suggests that the radiation of Histoplasma started between 3 and 13 million years ago in Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Kasuga
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, 321 Koshland Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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14
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Myoken Y, Sugata T, Fujita Y, Kyo TI, Fujihara M, Kohara T, Katsu M, Mikami Y. Molecular epidemiology of invasive stomatitis due to Aspergillus flavus in patients with acute leukemia. J Oral Pathol Med 2003; 32:215-8. [PMID: 12653860 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0714.2003.00080.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive oral aspergillosis is a rare complication and only little information on the epidemiology of Aspergillus flavus infection is available. We present here the molecular analysis of the epidemiology of invasive stomatitis due to Aspergillus flavus in patients with acute leukemia. METHODS During a 5-year period (1992-1996), six isolates of A. flavus were obtained from leukemic patients with invasive Aspergillus stomatitis. Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) with three different PCR primers was carried out to investigate the DNA typing of the isolates. RESULTS The molecular analysis using RAPD revealed that three isolates of A. flavus obtained in 1992 from three patients were of the same type, whereas each of the isolates from the other three patients had a distinct unique band, resulting in four groups of A. flavus. CONCLUSION As the three patients with invasive oral aspergillosis detected in 1992 were infected by a single strain of A. flavus, the strain was suspected to have caused a nosocomial outbreak of invasive oral aspergillosis in the hematology unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinari Myoken
- Department of Oral Surgery, Hiroshima Red Cross and Atomic Bomb Survivors Hospital, 1-9-6 Senda-machi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima, Japan.
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15
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Martagon-Villamil J, Shrestha N, Sholtis M, Isada CM, Hall GS, Bryne T, Lodge BA, Reller LB, Procop GW. Identification of Histoplasma capsulatum from culture extracts by real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41:1295-8. [PMID: 12624071 PMCID: PMC150317 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.41.3.1295-1298.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We designed and tested a real-time LightCycler PCR assay for Histoplasma capsulatum that correctly identified the 34 H. capsulatum isolates in a battery of 107 fungal isolates tested and also detected H. capsulatum in clinical specimens from three patients that were culture positive for this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Martagon-Villamil
- Division of Infectious Diseases. Section of Clinical Microbiology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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16
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Tamura M, Watanabe K, Mikami Y, Yazawa K, Nishimura K. Molecular characterization of new clinical isolates of Candida albicans and C. dubliniensis in Japan: analysis reveals a new genotype of C. albicans with group I intron. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:4309-15. [PMID: 11724837 PMCID: PMC88541 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.39.12.4309-4315.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic diversity of recent clinical isolates of Candida albicans in Japan was studied on the basis of amplified DNA band lengths determined with a specific PCR primer reported to have been designed to span a transposable intron region in the 25S rRNA gene. Our analyses of 301 clinical isolates of C. albicans showed that they could be classified into five genotypes: genotype A (172 isolates), genotype B (66 isolates), genotype C (56 isolates), genotype D (C. dubliniensis; 5 isolates), and a new genotype (designated genotype E; 2 isolates). The new genotype E was characterized to have a group I intron-like sequence, which is longer than hitherto reported ones and which has a nucleotide sequence length of 962 bp. Our analysis of the 962-bp sequence indicated that it is composed of an intron similar to that of C. dubliniensis of 621 bp with a 341-bp insertion. Analysis of the sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the genotype E strain showed that its sequence is identical to those of strains of other genotypes, with only a few base substitution differences. Throughout the study, the possible horizontal transfer of the group I intron between C. dubliniensis and C. albicans was suggested. A high degree of correlation between the presence of a group I intron in C. albicans genotype E and susceptibility to the antifungal agent flucytosine was observed. The five isolates of C. dubliniensis examined in the present study showed genetic diversity when they were compared by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting pattern analysis, and this diversity was also confirmed by the analysis of ITS region sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tamura
- Research Center for Pathogenic Fungi and Microbial Toxicoses, Chiba University, Japan
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17
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Muniz MM, Pizzini CV, Peralta JM, Reiss E, Zancopé-Oliveira RM. Genetic diversity of Histoplasma capsulatum strains isolated from soil, animals, and clinical specimens in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, by a PCR-based random amplified polymorphic DNA assay. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:4487-94. [PMID: 11724867 PMCID: PMC88571 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.39.12.4487-4494.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the genetic strain diversity and geographical range of Histoplasma capsulatum isolated in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. We characterized 13 environmental, 7 animal, and 28 clinical H. capsulatum isolates by using a PCR-based random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay. DNA fingerprinting of these soil, animal, and clinical specimens was performed with four primers (1253, 1281, D-9355, and D-10513) and generated amplicons with considerable polymorphism. Although all of the isolates exhibited more than 80% genetic relatedness, they could be clustered into four to six genotypes for each primer. The RAPD profiles of H. capsulatum isolated from Rio de Janeiro State could be distinguished from those of the U.S. strains included in this study (Downs, G222B, G-186B, and FLS1) by showing less than 70% similarity to each primer. The genetic polymorphisms between H. capsulatum strains isolated from animals and soil obtained in the same geographic areas were 100% similar, suggesting that an environmental microniche could be acting as a source of infection for animals and the local human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Muniz
- Centro de Pesquisa Hospital Evandro Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Lindsley MD, Hurst SF, Iqbal NJ, Morrison CJ. Rapid identification of dimorphic and yeast-like fungal pathogens using specific DNA probes. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:3505-11. [PMID: 11574564 PMCID: PMC88380 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.39.10.3505-3511.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific oligonucleotide probes were developed to identify medically important fungi that display yeast-like morphology in vivo. Universal fungal primers ITS1 and ITS4, directed to the conserved regions of ribosomal DNA, were used to amplify DNA from Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides immitis, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Penicillium marneffei, Sporothrix schenckii, Cryptococcus neoformans, five Candida species, and Pneumocystis carinii. Specific oligonucleotide probes to identify these fungi, as well as a probe to detect all dimorphic, systemic pathogens, were developed. PCR amplicons were detected colorimetrically in an enzyme immunoassay format. The dimorphic probe hybridized with DNA from H. capsulatum, B. dermatitidis, C. immitis, P. brasiliensis, and P. marneffei but not with DNA from nondimorphic fungi. Specific probes for H. capsulatum, B. dermatitidis, C. immitis, P. brasiliensis, P. marneffei, S. schenckii, C. neoformans, and P. carinii hybridized with homologous but not heterologous DNA. Minor cross-reactivity was observed for the B. dermititidis probe used against C. immitis DNA and for the H. capsulatum probe used against Candida albicans DNA. However, the C. immitis probe did not cross-react with B. dermititidis DNA, nor did the dimorphic probe hybridize with C. albicans DNA. Therefore, these fungi could be differentiated by a process of elimination. In conclusion, probes developed to yeast-like pathogens were found to be highly specific and should prove to be useful in differentiating these organisms in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Lindsley
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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Taylor ML, Chávez-Tapia CB, Reyes-Montes MR. Molecular typing of Histoplasma capsulatum isolated from infected bats, captured in Mexico. Fungal Genet Biol 2000; 30:207-12. [PMID: 11035942 DOI: 10.1006/fgbi.2000.1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present paper represents data on the genetic polymorphism of 13 Histoplasma capsulatum isolates recovered from infected bats randomly captured in the Mexican states of Morelos, Puebla, and Oaxaca. The polymorphic DNA patterns were analyzed by two-primer RAPD-PCR (random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction) method. To amplify the fungal genome by PCR, the following primer arrangements were used: 5'-AACGCGCAAC-3' and 5'-AAGAGCCCGT-3'; 5'-AACGCGCAAC-3' and 5'-GTTTCCGCCC-3'; or 5'-AACGCGCAAC-3' and 5'-GCGATCCCCA-3'. A common polymorphic DNA pattern of H. capsulatum was revealed in different assays. This pattern is shared by 7 H. capsulatum isolates recovered from different specimens of nonmigratory bats (Artibeus hirsutus) captured in a cave in Morelos, by 5 isolates recovered from infected migratory bats (Leptonycteris nivalis) captured in Morelos and Puebla, and by 1 isolate from another migratory bat (L. curasoae) captured in Oaxaca. This polymorphic DNA pattern of H. capsulatum could represent fungal markers for the geographic areas studied, and considering its distribution in three different states of the Mexican Republic, the role of bats as responsible for H. capsulatum spreading in nature, in relation to their movements and migrations besides their shelter habits, is suggested. Analyses of DNA patterns of H. capsulatum isolated from infected bats, from clinical cases, and from blackbird excreta, have shown a major relatedness between bats and clinical isolates, in contrast to those isolates from bird excreta.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Taylor
- Departamento de Microbiología-Parasitología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Imai T, Sano A, Mikami Y, Watanabe K, Aoki FH, Branchini ML, Negroni R, Nishimura K, Miyaji M. A new PCR primer for the identification of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis based on rRNA sequences coding the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and 5 x 8S regions. Med Mycol 2000; 38:323-6. [PMID: 10975701 DOI: 10.1080/mmy.38.4.323.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genes including the 5.8S ribosomal (r)RNA of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis were amplified and the DNA sequences were determined. Based on a comparison of the sequence information, a new polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer pair was designed for specific amplification of DNA for P. brasiliensis. This primer pair amplified a 418-bp DNA sequence and was 100% successful in identifying 29 strains of P. brasiliensis (including the reference strains) isolated from the regions of Brazil, Costa Rica, Japan, Argentina or from different sources. The results of specificity tests of these primers to compare the fungus with those of Aspergillus fumigatus, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum and Penicillium marneffei are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Imai
- Research Center for Pathogenic Fungi and Microbial Toxicoses, Chiba University, Japan
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